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Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposits: Geochemical and

Isotopic Vectors to Target Major Deposits - P588.

Case Study: Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai Au-Ag

Lode Systems, Mt Muro, Kalimantan, Indonesia

Andrew Wurst
Centre for Ore Deposit Research

CODES: AMIRA P588 July 2001 Meeting

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Indonesian Archipelago Geology

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Mt Muro Regional Geology

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai Regional Structure

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai Geology

Permata
l

The Permata footwall and hangingwall;

sequences were deposited on the slopes of
an andesitic stratovolcano

Batu Badinding footwall; sub-aerial to

sub-aqueous, deposited in a valley type
environment

Batu Badinding hangingwall; shallow

subaqueous. sediments, lappili tuff,
amygdaloidal basalt

Hulubai hangingwall; shallow

subaqueous, sediments, hyaloclastites
breccias, lappili tuff

Hulubai footwall is corellated with

Permata footwall and is deposited on the
slopes of an andesitic stratovolcano
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Batu Badinding-Hulubai

Regional Structure

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai Regional Structure

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Riedels Clay Model Experiment

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai Kinematics

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Summary of Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai

Structural Development
PBH represents a series of dilational structures developed
in basin fill volcanic cover over a competent basement.
Progressive movement on basement structures has given
rise to the progressive development of dilatant cover
structures.
Is this reflected in the evolution of the hydrothermal
system?

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai Vein Paragenesis

Stage 1

Stage 1: Jasperoid Veins

l

Emplaced in 20 openings
dipping to the west

Breccias and fine

grained, colloform and
crustiform textures

Quartz-hematite vein
mineralogy

Intensely (illite-adularia)
altered wallrock

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai Vein Paragenesis

Stage 2

Stage 2: Chalcedony Veins

l

Emplaced in 165 - 210

openings dipping to the
west

Fine grained, breccias,

crustiform and
colloform textures

Quartz-(pyrite) vein
mineralogy

Intensely (illite-adulariapyrite) altered wallrock

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai Vein Paragenesis

Stage 3

Stage 3: Ore Veins

l

Emplaced in 165 - 210

openings dipping to the
west and east

Fine grained, crustiform,

colloform and cockade
textures

Quartz-sulphosaltsulphide-precious metaladularia vein mineralogy

Intensely (illite-adulariapyrite) altered wallrock

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai Vein Paragenesis

Stage 4: Ore Veins
l

Emplaced in 165 - 210

openings dipping to the
west and east

Fine grained., crustiform,

colloform and cockade
textures

Quartz-sulphosaltsulphide-precious metalsadularia vein mineralogy

(increased base metals)

Intensely (illite-adulariapyrite) altered wallrock

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Stage 4

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai Vein Paragenesis

Stage 5

Stage 5: Amethyst Veins

l

Emplaced in 165 - 210

and 120 openings infilling
cavities

Coarse grained open

dogtooth, crustiform,
colloform and cockade
textures

Amethyst and clear-white

quartz vein mineralogy

Weakly altered
(background chloriteepidote-pyrite) altered
wallrock
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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai Vein Paragenesis

Stage 6

Stage 6: Carbonate Veins

l

Emplaced in 165 - 210

and 60-85 openings

Fine grained, crustiform,

colloform and cockade
textures

Deep Calcite and shallow

manganoan calcite veins

Shallow veins have weakly

(background chloriteepidote) altered wallrock

Deep veins associated with

intense (Mg chlorite)
altered wallrock
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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai Vein Mineralogy

Vein Mineral Paragenesis

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai 12 000N

Cross section across line 12 000N metal, mineral and
alteration distribution.

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai 12 000N: Geology

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai 12 000N: Zinc

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai 12 000N: Lead

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai 12 000N: Copper

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai 12 000N: Silver

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai 12 000N: Gold

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai 12 000N: Metallogeny

Geology

Au

Ag

Cu

Pb

Zn

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai 12 000N: Carbonate

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Origin of Massive Calcite Veins, Golden Cross

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai 12 000N: Alteration

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai 12 000N: Fluid Flow

Carbonate

Zn

Geology

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Au

Alteration

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Boiling Effects

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Buchanan Model (1981)

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Conclusions
A constantly evolving system in four dimensions;
structurally and hydrothermally
Vein paragenesis reflects the geochemical and
structural evolution of the hydrothermal system
Volcanics and sediments deposited in basins developed
over basement shear structures
Progressive movement on basement structures facilitated
the development of Reidel style tensional veins

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Conclusions
Progressive opening of the structure focuses fluid flow and
maintains the open conduit
Recharge and collapse areas are represented by phengite
and carbonate alteration
One main fluid upflow structure with a large fluid recharge
area
Late carbonate represents draw down of fluid due to
venturi effects and/or the waning of the hydrothermal
system
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Implications
Transverse shear structures in basement can give rise to dilatory
structures in cover sequences
Basin areas had a significant amount of water associated with them
Areas of carbonate veining and alteration represent the footprint
recharge area of a hydrothermal system
Fluid is drawn along and alters more permeable or reactive layers
providing a vector to major upflow structures
Vein paragenesis gives an insight into the maturity of the
hydrothermal system
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Future work
Oxygen and carbon isotopes on vein stages at Kerikil and PBH
- Carbonate veins
- Quartz veins
(fluid inclusions will provide temperature constraints)
Oxygen isotopes on alteration assemblages at Kerikil and PBH
PBH and Kerikil wallrock lithogeochemistry
Mineral chemistry of alteration minerals such as chlorite and
carbonate
Possible fluid flow and chemical modeling
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Acknowledgements

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Extras

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Permata-Batu Badinding-Hulubai Vein Evolution

STAGE 1
Jasperoid quartz

Vein Stage
Type

Age
Structural
Orientation

Earliest
N N E

Movement

Initial opening of

Vein Textu res

Vein Style
Quartz
G r o w th

M ineralogy

Alteration

Fluid Flow

Environment

STAGE 2
Crypto crystaline
quartz

N N E -S S E

STAGE 3
P r e c i o u s m e t a lsulphosalt -crypto crystaline quartz
N N E-S S E

STAGE 4
P r e c i o u s m e t a l- b a s e
m e t a lSulphosalt -quartz
Decr easing Age
N N E-S S E a n d N W

STAGE 6
Calcite-quartz

N N E-S S W a n d N W

NNE,SSW
and NE
Progressive strain and opening of tensional fractures

tight Ro and R1 fractures

Late domino faults,
Brecciated
Brecciated vein
Veins exhibit fine
Veins exhibit fine
vein
wallrocks and
interna l banding
internal banding of
wallrocks.
earlier
of quartz and
quartz and
Veins exhibit
xptocrystaline
sulphosalts and
sulphosalts late
fine internal
veins Veins
crustiform,
coarse grained
banding and
exhibit fine
colloform and
basemetals and
crustiform
internal
cockade growth
crustiform,
growth
banding and
colloform and
crustiform,
cockade growth
colloform and
cockade growth

Tight, fine to massive crystalline

Increased grain size and
Open, coarse grained crystaline
Fine crystaline
Fine
Plumose and
Plumose and ghost
quartz with
crosshatched
ghost textures
textures,
heamatite
quartz crystals
increasingly coarser
dusting
grain size
grained with
varying with
growth inclusion
light and dark
trails
bands.
Quartz Q u a r t z -pyrite
Quartz, pyrite, Ag
Quartz, pyrite, Ag
heamatite
tellurides, Ag
sulphosalt,
su l p h o s a l t electrum,
electrum sphalerite, galena,
sphalerite -galenachalcopyrite
chalcopyrite
Intensely
Intensely
Intensely
Intensely
argillically
a r g il l i c a l l y
argillically altered
argillically altered
altered
altered
wallrocks
wallrocks
wallrocks
wallrocks
High rate of
High rate of
High rate of
High and moderate
turbulent
turbulent
turbulent
rate of
hydrothermal
hydrothermal
hydrothermal
hydrothermal
upflow, fast
upflow, fast
upflow, fast
upflow and fast and
deposit ion
deposition
deposition
slow deposition
Tight high
Tight high
Rhythmic opening
Rhythmic opening

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STAGE 5
A m e t h y s t-q u a r t z

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Late coarse grained

dogstooth amethyst
exhibiting
crustiform,
colloform and
cockade growth

Infilling
earlier vuggy
spaces in
amethyste
exhibiting
crustiform
growth

dilation
D o g s t o o t h q u a rtz
with Plumose and
ghost textures,
coarse grained with
growth inclusion
trails
Amethystine and
bucky white quartz

Moderately to
weakly
propylitcally
altered wallrocks
Moderate rate of
hydrothermal
upflow and slow
deposition
Open low temp,

Dogs tooth
quartz with
Plumose and
ghost textures,
coarse grained
with growth
inclusion trails
Calcite and
clear white
quartz

Weakly
altered
wallrocks.
Collapse of
hydrothermal
system with
slow
deposition
Open low

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