Sale, Greater Manchester

Coordinates:
2.322W

the town.[2] After the Roman departure from Britain in

the early-5th century, Britain was invaded by the AngloSaxons.

532526N 21919W / 53.424N

Sale is a town in Traord, Greater Manchester,

England.[1] Historically in Cheshire, it is on the south
bank of the River Mersey, 1.9 miles (3.1 km) south of
Stretford, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northeast of Altrincham,
and 5.2 miles (8.4 km) southwest of Manchester. In
2001, it had a population of 55,000.

Some local eld and road names,[5] and the name of Sale
itself, are Anglo-Saxon in origin, which indicates the
town was founded in the 7th or 8th centuries. The Old
English salh, from which Sale is derived, means at the
sallow tree,[6] and Ashton upon Mersey means village
or farm near the ash trees".[7] Although the townships of
Sale and Ashton upon Mersey were not mentioned in the
Domesday Book of 1086, that may be because only a partial survey was taken.[8] The rst recorded occurrences of
Sale and Ashton upon Mersey are in 11991216 and 1260
respectively.[9] The settlements were referred to as townships rather than manors, which suggests further evidence
of Anglo-Saxon origins as townships were developed by
the Saxons.[10]

Evidence of Stone Age, Roman, and Anglo-Saxon activity has been discovered locally. In the Middle Ages, Sale
was a rural township, linked ecclesiastically with neighbouring Ashton upon Mersey, whose elds and meadows
were used for crop and cattle farming. By the 17th century, Sale had a cottage industry manufacturing garthweb,
the woven material from which horses saddle girths were
made.
The Bridgewater Canal reached the town in 1765, stimulating Sales urbanisation. The arrival of the railway
in 1849 triggered Sales growth as a commuter town for
Manchester, leading to an inux of middle class residents; by the end of the 19th century the towns population had more than tripled. Agriculture gradually declined as service industries boomed.
Sales urban growth resulted in a merger with neighbouring Ashton upon Mersey, following the Local Government Act 1929. The increase in population led to
the granting of a charter in 1935, giving Sale honoric
borough status. Since then, Sale has continued to thrive
as a commuter town, supported by its proximity to the
M60 motorway and the Manchester Metrolink network.
Sale Water Park contains an articial lake used for water
sports. Sale Sharks rugby union and Sale Harriers athletics club were founded in Sale, although both have now
relocated elsewhere.

The dovecote is all that survives of Sale Old Hall.

The manor of Sale was one of 30 held by William

FitzNigel, a powerful 12th-century baron in north
Cheshire. He divided it between Thomas de Sale and
Adam de Carrington, who acted as Lords of the Manor on
FitzNigels behalf.[11] On de Sales death, his land passed
to his son-in-law, John Holt; de Carringtons land passed
into the ownership of Richard de Massey, a member of
the Masseys who were Barons of Dunham. Sale descended through the Holt and Massey families until the
17th century, when their respective lands were sold.[11]
Sale Old Hall was built in about 1603 for James Massey,
probably to replace a medieval manor house, and was one
of the rst buildings in northwest England to be made
of brick.[12][13] It was rebuilt in 1840 and demolished in
1920, but two buildings in its grounds have survived: its
dovecote, now in Walkden Gardens, and its lodge, the latter now occupied by Sale Golf Club.[12]

History

A int arrowhead discovered in Sale suggests a prehistoric human presence,[2] but there is no further evidence
of activity in the area until the Roman period. A 4thcentury hoard of 46 Roman coins was discovered in Ashton upon Mersey, one of four known hoards dating from
that period discovered within the Mersey basin.[3][4] Sale
lies along the line of the Roman road which runs between the fortresses at Chester (Deva Victrix) and York
(Eboracum), via the fort at Manchester (Mamucium);[3] In 1745, Crossford Bridge which dated back to at least
the present-day A56 follows the route of the road through 1367 was torn down.[14] It was one of a series of bridges
1

1 HISTORY
lands after the land owner.

1777 map of area around Sale showing the townships of Sale

and Ashton upon Mersey and the separate village of Cross Street
(Baguley and Wythenshawe Hall are in the southeast)

crossing the River Mersey destroyed by order of the government, to slow the advance of Jacobite forces during the
Jacobite rising. The Jacobites repaired the bridge upon
reaching Manchester, and used it to send a small force
into Sale and Altrincham. Their intention was to deceive
the authorities into believing that the Jacobites were heading for Chester. The feint was successful and the main
Jacobite army later marched south through Cheadle and
Stockport instead.[15]
The extension of the Bridgewater Canal to Runcorn was
completed as far as Sale by 1765, and transformed the
towns economy by providing a quick and cheap route
into Manchester for fresh produce.[16] Farmers who took
their wares to market in Manchester brought back night
soil to fertilise the elds.[17] Not everyone beneted from
the canal however; several yeomen claimed that their
crops were damaged by ooding from the Barfoot Bridge
aqueduct.[18] A 1777 map shows the village of Cross
Street, on the site of the road now of the same name,
divided between the townships of Sale and Ashton upon
Mersey.[19] The village was rst referred to in 1586 and is
believed to have originated around this time.[20] The map
also shows that Sale was spread out, mainly consisting of
farmhouses around Dane Road, Fairy Lane, and Old Hall
Road.[19] Sale absorbed Cross Street as it expanded.
About 300 acres (120 ha) of wasteland known as Sale
Moor was enclosed in 1807, to be divided between the
landowners in Sale. This was part of a nationwide initiative to begin cultivation of common land to lessen
the food shortage caused by the Napoleonic Wars.[21]
Records of poor relief in the town start in 1808, a time
when the region was in the grip of an economic depression.[22] Poorhouses, where paupers could stay rent-free,
were built in the early-19th century, reecting the poor
state of the local economy.[23] In 1829, Samuel Brooks
acquired 515 acres (208 ha) of land in Sale about a
quarter of the township from George Grey, 6th Earl
of Stamford.[24] The area later became known as Brook-

View of the Bridgewater Canal, looking north towards Stretford.

The railway is parallel with the canal.

The Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway

opened in 1849,[25] and led to the middle classes using
Sale as a commuter town, a residence away from their
place of work.[26] This resulted in Sales population more
than tripling by the end of the 19th century.[27] The land
in Sale Moor was the cheapest in the town because the
soil was poor and dicult to cultivate, which was part of
the reason the area was common land until the early 19th
century. However, when the railway opened, Sale Moor
was close to the station and became the most expensive
area in Sale. Villas were built in Sale Moor, and a few in
Ashton upon Mersey as the demand for land increased.[28]
They were often decorated with stained glass or dierent
coloured bricks in an attempt to make them mansions in
miniature for the aspiring middle-class.[29]
Pressure from an increasing population led to the town
being supplied with amenities such as sewers, which were
built in 18751880;[30] and Sale was connected to the
telephone network in 1888.[31] As in the late-19th century, the early-20th century saw a great deal of construction work in Sale. The towns rst swimming baths were
built in 1914,[32] and its rst cinema, The Palace, was
opened during the First World War.[33] The end of the
war in 1918 resulted in a rush of marriages, which highlighted a shortage of housing.[34] The local councils of
Sale and Ashton upon Mersey took the initiative of building council housing, and rented it to the local population
at below market rates. By the outbreak of the Second
World War in 1939, Sale had 594 council houses.[34] The
building programme was interrupted by the start of the
war.[32] additional private housing development brought
the total of inter-war houses built in Sale to around 900,
including large housing estates like Woodheys Hall estate
in Ashton.
Sale was never ocially evacuated during the war, and
even received families from evacuated areas, although it
was not considered far enough from likely targets to be an
ocial destination for evacuees.[35] The towns proximity to Manchester, an industrial centre directed towards

3
the war eort, did result in a number of bombing raids.
Incendiaries dropped on Sale in September 1940 caused
no casualties, but did damage a house. In a bombing incident the following November, four people were injured
and a school was damaged; on 22 December 1940, twelve
people were injured by bombs.[35] On the night of 23 December, much of Manchester suered heavy bombing in
what became known as the Manchester Blitz. Six hundred incendiary bombs were dropped on Sale in three
hours. There were no injuries, but Sale Town Hall was
severely damaged.[35] On 3 August 1943, at 11:50 pm, a
Wellington Bomber on a training exercise crashed in Walton Park in the south-west of the town. Of the six-man
crew, consisting of ve members of the Royal Australian
Air Force and one member of the Royal Air Force, the
pilot and the bomb-aimer were killed.[36]
Sales shopping centre was redeveloped during the 1960s,
as part of the towns post-war regeneration. In 1973, the
shopping precinct in the town centre, which had grown up
in the mid-19th century, was also redeveloped and pedestrianised in an attempt to increase trade.[32] The construction of the M63 motorway (subsequently renamed the
M60) in 1972 led to the creation of Sale Water Park.
To minimise the risk of ooding, the new road was built
on an embankment, for which the necessary gravel was
extracted from what is today an articial lake and watersports centre.[37] Opportunities for leisure were increased
when the old swimming baths, demolished in 1971, were
replaced in 1973 by a new complex built on the same
site.[32]

tablished to provide social security.[1] The unit changed

its name to Bucklow Poor Law Union in 1895.[1] Sale
adopted the Local Government Act 1858 in November 1866, and Sale Local Board was formed to govern the township at the beginning of 1867.[38] Members
were elected to the local board by the towns ratepayers.
A household had one vote for every 10 (800 as of
2015)[39] of rateable value.[40] Under the Local Government Act 1888 Sale became an urban district of the
administrative county of Cheshire. The local board was
replaced by Sale Urban District Council in 1894. The
parish of Ashton upon Mersey became an urban district
in 1895.[41] In 1930, the Ashton upon Mersey UD was
merged into Sale UD under a county review order.[40][41]
In December 1933, Sale Urban District submitted a petition to the Privy Council in an attempt to gain a charter
of incorporation. At the time, Sale UD had the largest
population and highest rateable value of any urban district in the country.[42] The petition was successful and on
21 September 1935 Sale UD was granted borough status,
and became the Municipal Borough of Sale.[41] Following the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974
the Municipal Borough of Sale was abolished. Sale became an unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of
Traord, a local government district of the metropolitan
county of Greater Manchester.[32][41] The towns education, town planning, waste collection, health, social
care and other services are administered by Traord
Council.[43]

For national elections, Sale was in the parliamentary

constituency of Altrincham and Sale from 1945 until
1997, when it was split between Altrincham and Sale
West and Wythenshawe and Sale East. The Altrincham
2 Governance
and Sale West constituency is one of the Conservative
Partys two seats in Greater Manchester. The Sale area
Further information: Municipal Borough of Sale
Historically, Sale was a township in the ancient parish consists of ve electoral wards, which between them
have 15 of the 63 seats on the council. The wards are
Ashton upon Mersey, Brooklands, Priory, Sale Moor,
and St. Marys.[44] As of the 2012 local elections, the
Conservative Party held nine of the seats and the Labour
Party held six.[45]

3 Geography

The coat of arms on Sale Town Hall are of the former Sale Municipal Borough Council, which was dissolved in 1974.

of Ashton upon Mersey in the hundred of Bucklow and

county of Cheshire.[1] Throughout the Middle Ages it
was governed by the Lord of the Manor. Following the
Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, Sale was joined with
the Altrincham Poor Law Union, an inter-parish unit es-

Further information: Geography of Greater Manchester

At 532529N 21919W / 53.42472N 2.32194W
(53.4246, 2.322), Sale lies respectively to the north and
south of the neighbouring towns of Altrincham and Stretford, and 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Manchester city
centre. The district of Wythenshawe is to the southeast.
Sale is in the Mersey Valley, about 100 feet (30 m) above
sea level on generally at ground. The River Mersey,
which runs just north of the town,[2] is prone to ooding during heavy rains, so the Sale Water Park, close
to the towns northern boundary, acts as an emergency
ood basin.[46] The man-made, and thus more control-

4 DEMOGRAPHY

4 Demography
Further information: Demography of Greater Manchester

Shops along Northenden Road in Sale

lable, Bridgewater Canal runs through the centre of the

town.
Sales local drift geology consists of sand and gravel deposited about 10,000 years ago, during the last ice age.[47]
The bedrock is Bunter sandstone in the west and Triassic
waterstone in the east.[48] United Utilities obtains the
towns drinking water from the Lake District.[49] Sales
climate is generally temperate, like the rest of Greater
Manchester. The mean highest and lowest temperatures
(13.2 C (55.8 F) and 6.4 C (43.5 F)) are slightly above
the national average, while the annual rainfall (806.6
millimetres (31.76 in)) and average hours of sunshine
(1394.5 hours) are respectively above and below the national averages.[50][51]
The towns main districts are Ashton upon Mersey in the
northwest, Sale Moor in the southeast, and Brooklands
in the southwest. The main commercial area is Sale
town centre, in the central northern area of the town, but
smaller commercial centres are also found in Ashton upon
Mersey and Sale Moor. Brooklands is the most densely
populated area. Most of the parks, including Worthington and Walton, are in the central and southern areas,
leaving Ashton upon Mersey and Sale Moor with a shortage of accessible green space.[52][53][54]
Sales built environment is varied, with a mixture of modern and old buildings. Some terraces, semi-detached
houses, and villas, survive from the Victorian period,[55]
although many of the larger houses have been converted
into ats.[56] Many semi-detached houses survive from
the 1930s, when there was a need for new housing in the
town as a result of a growing population and an increasingly wealthy middle class.[57] Interspersed with these
older structures are newer housing developments, such as
the estates built in Ashton upon Mersey and the east of
Sale during the 1970s.[32]

As of the 2001 UK census, Sale had a population of

55,234. The 2001 population density was 12,727 inhabitants per square mile (4,914/km2 ), with a 100 to
94.2 female-to-male ratio.[60] Of those over 16 years old,
30.0% were single (never married), 51.3% married and
7.8% divorced.[61] Although the proportion of divorced
people was similar to that of Traord and England, the
rates of those who were single and married were signicantly dierent from the national and Traord averages (Traord: 44.3% single, 35.6% married; England:
44.3% single, 34.7% married).[62] Sales 24,027 households included 32.2% one-person, 37.8% married couples living together, 8.3% were co-habiting couples, and
8.5% single parents with their children, these gures were
similar to those of Traord and England.[63] Of those
aged 1674, 22.3% had no academic qualications, similar to that of 24.7% in all of Traord but signicantly
lower than 28.9% in all of England.[59][64] Sale had a
much higher percentage of adults with a diploma or degree than Greater Manchester as a whole. Of Sale residents aged 1674, 26.7% had an educational qualication such as rst degree, higher degree, qualied teacher
status, qualied medical doctor, qualied dentist, qualied nurse, midwife, or health visitor, compared to 20%
nationwide.[59][64]
Originally a working class town, there was an inux of
middle-class people in the mid-19th century when businessmen began using Sale as a commuter town.[26] Since
then, Sale has had a greater proportion of middle class
residents than the national average. In 1931, 22.7% of
Sales population was middle class compared with 14%
in England and Wales, and by 1971, this had increased
to 36.3% compared with 24% nationally. Parallel to this
increase in the middle classes of Sale was the decline of
the working class population. In 1931, 20.3% were working class compared with 36% in England and Wales; by
1971, this had decreased to 15.4% in Sale and 26% nationwide. The rest of the population was made up of clerical workers and skilled manual workers. The change in
social structure in the town was at a similar rate to that of
the rest of the nation but was biased towards the middle
classes, transforming Sale into the middle class town it is
today.[65]

4.1 Population change

According to the hearth tax returns of 1664, the township
of Sale had a population of about 365.[66] Parish registers
show that the area experienced steady population growth
during the 17th and 18th centuries, more so during the
latter half of the 19th century (due to the Industrial Rev-

5
olution). This later growth was less rapid than that seen
in neighbouring areas such as Altrincham, Bowdon, or
Stretford.[67] The increase in growth in the latter half of
the 19th century also coincides with the arrival of the railway, indicative of Sales growth as a commuter town.[68]
A huge increase in population in 19211931 is accounted
for by the administrative merger of Sale with Ashton upon
Mersey in 1930.[69] Steady growth thereon is evident until 1981, when the decline of industry in Traord and the
Greater Manchester area accounts for a reduction in the
towns population. This follows the general population
trend for Greater Manchester, with residents relocating to
new jobs.[70] The table below details population changes
since 1801, including the percentage change since the last
census.

Economy

During the medieval period, most of the land was used for
growing crops and raising livestock such as cattle.[74] The
produce from arable farming would have been sucient
to support the local population, but the cattle would have
been sold to the ruling classes.[75] Agriculture provided
the main source of employment for Sales residents until
the mid-19th century. Industry was slow to develop in the
area, as in most of what would become Traord. This was
partly because of the reluctance to of the two main land
owners in the area, the Stamfords and the de Traords, to
invest.[76] Although weaving was common in Sale during
the late 17th and early 18th century, by 1851 only 4% of
the population was employed in that industry.[77]

The main shopping centre in Sale, the Square Shopping

Centre, was constructed in the 1960s. Following the
Traord Centres opening in 1998, it was expected that
the centre would suer, but it has since prospered.[79] In
2003 the Square Shopping Centre underwent a 7 million refurbishment, a major part of the redevelopment
of Sales town centre. It was sold for 40M in 2005,
by which time the Square had experienced an increase
in trade and demand for tenancy that had led to an increase of 70% in rental income.[80] The towns economy
expanded to the extent that in 2007, at a time when the
rest of south Manchester was oversupplied with oce
space, Sales available oce and commercial space was
at an all time low because of high demand.[81]
According to the 2001 UK census, the industry of employment of residents aged 1674 was 18.4% property
and business services, 15.9% retail and wholesale, 11.1%
manufacturing, 10.9% health and social work, 9.1%
education, 7.8% transport and communications, 6.1%
construction, 6.3% nance, 4.5% public administration,
3.8% hotels and restaurants, 0.7% energy and water supply, 0.5% agriculture, 0.2% mining, and 4.7% other.
Compared with national gures, the town had a relatively high percentage of residents working in property,
business services and nance. The town had a relatively
low percentage working in agriculture, public administration, and manufacturing.[82] The census recorded the
economic activity of residents aged 1674, 2.6% students
were with jobs, 3.3% students without jobs, 4.9% looking
after home or family, 5.2% permanently sick or disabled,
and 2.3% economically inactive for other reasons.[72] The
2.4% unemployment rate of Sale was low compared with
the national rate of 3.3%.[73]

Along with the rest of the region, Sales economy during the early-19th century was weak, a state of aairs
which persisted until the arrival of the railway in the middle of the century.[23] Despite the dominance of agri- 6
culture, there was a growing service industry; Sale and
Ashton upon Mersey experienced a growth in numbers 6.1
employed in retail and domestic services in the rst half
of the 19th century.[68] By 1901, less than 20% of Sale
residents were employed in agriculture.[68] Employment
was available in work houses for those who could not nd
work elsewhere. Sale was part of the Altrincham Union,
which ran the nearest work house in Altrincham.[78]

Culture
Landmarks and attractions

The articial lake at Sale Water Park has been used for water
sports since 1980.

The main thoroughfare of Sale shopping centre

Sale has three Grade II* listed buildings two churches

(St. Martin and St. John the Divine) and Ashton New
Hall and eighteen Grade II listed buildings.[83] The
cenotaph outside the town hall was designed by Ashton
upon Mersey sculptor Arthur Sherwood Edwards and is

6 CULTURE

a Grade II listed building.[83] It commemorates the 400

men from Sale who died in the First World War and the
300 who died in the Second World War. The memorial
consists of a statue of a mourning Saint George on top
of a granite pedestal. Costing 600 (30 thousand as of
2015),[39] it was funded by public subscription and unveiled in May 1925 in front of a crowd of 10,000.[84][85]
The oldest surviving building in Sale is Eyebrow
Cottage.[86] Built around 1670, it was originally a yeoman
farmhouse and is one of the earliest brick buildings in
the area. Its name is derived from the decorative brickwork above the windows. It was built in Cross Street,
which at the time was a separate village from Sale.[19] Of
the twenty-one conservation areas in Traord, two are in
Sale: Ashton upon Mersey and Brogden Grove.[87]

cluded comedian Lucy Porter, Midge Ure, Fairport Convention, The Zombies and Sue Perkins.[92] In 2004, the
centre received the British Urban Regeneration Association Award for its innovative use of space and for reinvigorating Sale town centre.[93]
Sale has a Gilbert and Sullivan society, formed in 1972,
which performs at the Altrincham Garrick Playhouse.
The group is directed by Alistair Donkin, a former principal comic for the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company. Members of the group have won several awards at The International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival.[94] Sale Brass is a traditional brass band based in Sale, formed in about 1849
as the Stretford Temperance Band. Its rst recorded performance was at the 1849 opening of the railway between
Manchester and Altrincham.[95]

A bronze bust of James Joule, the physicist who gave his

name to the SI unit of energy, is in Worthington Park.
Originally a tower was to have been erected in his honour,
but lack of donations led to the production of the bust as
a substitute; it was unveiled in 1905.[88] Joule moved to
Sale in the 1870s for his health; he died at his home at 6.3 Sports
12 Wardle Road in 1889, and is buried in Brooklands
Cemetery.[89]
The rugby union side Sale F.C. has been based in Sale
The area has several parks and green spaces. Worthing- since 1861 and at its present Heywood Road ground since
ton Park, originally called Sale Park, was opened in 1900. 1905. One of the oldest rugby clubs in the world, its 1865
It features a bandstand, gardens, play areas, and a skate Minute Book is the oldest existing book containing the
[96]
ramp and is maintained by Traord Council and The rules of the game. The professional Sale Sharks team
Friends of Worthington Park.[90] Opened in 1939, Wal- was originally part of Sale F.C. but split from it in 2003.
ton Park is in the southwest of the town and features a Sale Sharks now play their matches at Salford City Staminiature railway.[36] Sale Water Park is an articial lake, dium, although they retain the use of the Heywood Road
created from a 35-metre (115 ft) deep gravel pit left dur- ground for training and for the staging of home games in[97]
ing the construction of the M60. It opened in 1980 and volving their reserve team, Sale Jets. The town is also
is a venue for water sports, shing and bird watching. home to the Ashton upon Mersey and Traord Metrovick
[98][99]
The water park is the site of the Broad Ees Dole wildlife rugby union clubs.
refuge, a Local Nature Reserve that provides a home for Sale Harriers Manchester Athletics Club was formed in
migratory birds.[91]
1911, but is now based in nearby Wythenshawe. The club

6.2

Events and venues

Sale Waterside with the entrance to the Waterside Arts Centre on

the left, the Robert Bolt Theatre in the middle, and oces used
by Traord council on the right.

Situated next to the town hall, the Waterside Arts Centre houses a plaza, a library, the Robert Bolt Theatre, the
Lauriston Gallery, and the Corridor Gallery. The centre,
which was opened in 2004, regularly hosts concerts, exhibitions and other community events. Performers have in-

has produced successful athletes such as Olympic gold

medallist Darren Campbell[100][101] and Commonwealth
Games gold medallist Diane Modahl,[102] both former
residents of the town. Sale Sports Club encompasses Sale
Cricket Club, Sale Hockey Club, and Sale Lawn Tennis
Club.[103] The Brooklands Sports Club is home to Brooklands Cricket Club, Brooklands Manchester University
Hockey Club, and Brooklands Hulmeians Lacrosse Club.
It also provides facilities for squash, tennis, and bowling. Sale United FC plays at Crossford Bridge and was
recognised as Traords Sports Club of the Year in 2004.
Sale Golf Club and Ashton on Mersey Golf Club have
courses on the outskirts of the town,[104][105] and a municipal pitch and putt is based at Woodheys Park.[106] Trafford Rowing Club has a boathouse beside the canal.[107]
The Sale leisure centre has badminton and squash courts,
a gymnasium, and three swimming pools.[108] The Walton Park Sports Centre has a sports hall for activities such
as 5-a-side football.[109] Tennis, crown-green bowls, golf
putting, and football facilities are available at the towns
parks. Sale Water Ski Club is based at Sale Water Park.

Education

Further information: List of schools in Traord

Sales rst school was built in 1667 and was used until
the rst half of the 18th century.[110] The second school in
Sale was built some time in the 18th century, one of about
30 non-grammar schools founded in Cheshire around this
time.[110] By 1831, there were two private schools with
the childrens parents paying fees for their education in
Sale and one in Ashton upon Mersey.[111] At the same
time, there were also four Sunday schools in Sale and one
in Ashton upon Mersey, operated by various religious denominations, including Congregationalists, Methodists,
and Unitarians. The rst school-chapel built in Sale as
part of a school was constructed by Primitive Methodists
in 1839, and still survives. The second school-chapel in
the town was St Josephs Roman Catholic Church, built in
1866, and was replaced by the current school in 1899.[112]
Traord maintains a selective education system assessed
by the Eleven Plus exam. Sale has one grammar school,
two secondary modern schools and nineteen primary
schools. Sale Grammar School is a specialist school in
science and the visual arts.[113] It consists of two parts,
one for 1116 year olds and 900 pupils, and the other a
sixth form college with 300 students. The school was described in its 2006 Ofsted report as outstanding with an
outstanding sixth form.[114] Ashton on Mersey School
is a foundation secondary modern school and specialist
sports college.[115] It has 1,300 pupils aged 1116 and 80
students in its sixth form. In its 2008 Ofsted report it
was rated outstanding.[116] Sale High School, formerly
Je Joseph Sale Moor Technology College, is a foundation secondary modern school for 1116 year olds and
specialist technology college.[117] It has 1,000 pupils and
in its 2006 Ofsted report was rated as satisfactory.[118]
Manor High School provides secondary education to
pupils with special needs.[119] It has 140 students aged
1116 and 20 members of its sixth form and was rated as
good in its 2007 Ofsted report.[120]

St Martins Church in Ashton upon Mersey is the oldest church in

the town.

of the three Grade II* listed buildings in the town are

churches. The Church of St Martin, which was probably originally an early 14th-century timber framed structure, was rebuilt in 1714 after the church had been destroyed in a storm.[123][124] The Church of St John the
Divine was built in 1868, to the design of Alfred Waterhouse.[125] There are three Grade II listed churches in
Sale: the Church of St Anne; the Church of St Mary Magdalene; and the Church of St Paul.[83]
As of the 2001 UK census, 78.0% of Sale residents
reported themselves as Christian, 1.4% Muslim, 0.7%
Hindu, 0.6% Jewish, 0.2% Buddhist and 0.2% Sikh. A
further 12.9% had no religion, 0.2% had an alternative
religion, and 5.9% did not state their religion.[126] Sale is
part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Shrewsbury,[127]
and the Church of England Diocese of Chester.[128] Sale
and District Synagogue is part of United Synagogue under the aegis of the Chief Rabbi of Britain, Jonathan
Sacks.[129] The only mosque in Traord is the MasjidE-Noor in Old Traord, three miles (5 km) away.[130]

9 Transport

Religion

See also: List of churches in Greater Manchester

Sale is a diverse community with a synagogue and Christian churches of various denominations. The church
buildings were mostly constructed in the late 19th or early
20th century in the wake of the population boom created by the arrival of the railway in 1849,[121] although
records show that the Church of St Martin in Ashton upon
Mersey dates back to at least 1304.[122] Before the English
Reformation, the inhabitants of Sale were predominantly
Catholic, but afterwards were members of the Church of
England. Roman Catholics returned to the area in the Originally built in wood, Sale station was rebuilt in brick in the
19th century in the form of Irish immigrants.[121] Two late 1870s.

11

REFERENCES

The rst turnpike road in the area was the latter-day A56 port in the UK outside the London area,[139] is 4 miles (6
Chester Road between Manchester and Crossford Bridge km) to the south.
(on the border between Sale and Stretford). Turnpike
trusts collected tolls from road users and used the proceeds to maintain the highway. There was a toll booth 10 See also
on the Sale side of Crossford Bridge. Another section of road between Altrincham and Crossford Bridge
List of people from Traord
was turnpiked in 1765.[131] The commencement of swift
packet" services on the newly opened Bridgewater Canal
Manchester Mummy
in 1776 made commuting from Sale into Manchester both
practical and convenient, with boats travelling at a relatively swift 10 mph (16 km/h).[132] However the arrival 11 References
in 1849 of the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway[25] sounded a death-knell for both the canal
packet services and turnpike trusts. Many trusts went into 11.1 Notes
terminal decline, mirroring a national trend. By 1888 almost all roads and highways were the responsibility of [1] Greater Manchester Gazetteer. Greater Manchester
County Record Oce. Places names S. Archived from
the local authority.[131] Sales railway station, originally
the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 24 December
named Sale Moor,[25] was renamed to Sale in 1856.[133]
2008.
Three years later Brooklands railway station was opened,
followed in 1931 by the opening of Dane Road railway [2] Swain (1987), p. 9.
station along with the electrication of the entire line.[134]
[3] Nevell (1997), p. 20.
The line was renovated in the early 1990s and is now part
of the Metrolink.[134]
[4] Nevell (1992), pp. 59, 75.
Following the completion of a tramway between Manchester and Stretford in 1901, the British Electric Traction Company applied to Parliament for an extension to
Sale. The proposal was amended to continue the line further south, into Altrincham. The line through Sale was
owned by Sale Urban District Council and leased to the
Manchester Corporation. Services to Sale commenced in
1907. A branch along Northenden Road from the line to
Sale Moor was created in 1912. Sale Moors line had only
a single track which in 1925 resulted in a head-on collision between two tramcars, injuring eight passengers.[135]
Bus services were rst introduced to the area in the 1920s,
but became more widespread in the 1930s.[136] The buses
did not suer the drawback of being limited to tracks
and were therefore more practical than the tram services,
which from the 1930s went into decline. The tramlines
along Northenden Road were removed between 1932 and
1934, and throughout Sale in the 1940s.[135]
The Metrolink system connects Sale with other locations
in Greater Manchester. Trams depart the towns three stations at least every 12 minutes between 07:00 and 22:30
every day.[137] The nearest main line railway station is
Navigation Road in Altrincham, from where trains run
to Manchester Piccadilly, Stockport and Chester. Bus
routes operated by various companies provide services to
Manchester and to Altrincham.[138] The A56 road runs
between Chester and North Yorkshire via Sale, Manchester, and Burnley,[2] and the M60 motorway which encircles Manchester can be accessed via junction 7, just
to the north of Sale. The M56 and M62 motorways are
about 4 miles (6 km) away, and the M6 motorway, which
runs between Warwickshire and Gretna, is about 7 miles
(11 km) to the west. Manchester Airport, the busiest air-

[5] Swain (1987), p. 12.

[6] Dodgson (1970b), p. 4.
[7] Swain (1987), pp. 1213.
[8] Redhead, Norman, in: Hartwell, Hyde and Pevsner
(2004), p. 18.
[9] Nevell (1997), pp. 32, 3839.
[10] Swain (1987), p. 11.
[11] Swain (1987), p. 20.
[12] Swain (1987), p. 22.
[13] Nevell (2008), p. 61.
[14] Swain (1987), p. 27.
[15] Swain (1987), pp. 42, 44.
[16] Swain (1987), p. 44.
[17] Swain (1987), p. 47.
[18] Swain (1987), pp. 4445.
[19] Swain (1987), p. 40.
[20] Nevell (1997), p. 56.
[21] Swain (1987), pp. 5152.
[22] Swain (1987), pp. 6162.
[23] Swain (1987), p. 68.
[24] Swain (1987), p. 59.
[25] Nevell (1997), p. 97.

11.1

Notes

[26] Swain (1987), p. 85.

[27] Nevell (1997), p. 87.
[28] Swain (1987), p. 91.
[29] Swain (1987), p. 98.
[30] Swain (1987), p. 116.

[51] Met Oce (2007). Annual England weather averages.

Met Oce. Retrieved 23 April 2007.
[52] Brooklands Ward Prole. Traord Council. 2007. Retrieved on 30 June 2007.
[53] Ashton-on-Mersey Ward Prole (PDF). Traord Council. 2007. Retrieved on 30 June 2007.

[31] Swain (1987), p. 84.

[54] Sale Moor Ward Prole (PDF). Traord Council. 2007.

Retrieved on 30 June 2007.

[32] Swain (1987), p. 134.

[55] Swain (1987), pp. 9193.

[33] Swain (1987) p. 112.

[56] Swain (1987), p. 122.

[34] Swain (1987), pp. 119, 123.

[57] Swain (1987), pp. 124126.

[35] Swain (1987), p. 133.

[58] Census 2001 Key Statistics Urban area results by population size of urban area. ons.gov.uk. Oce for National

[36] Walton Park. Traord.gov.uk. Retrieved on 2 March

2014.
[37] Swain (1987), pp. 135136.
[38] The London Gazette: no. 23204. p. 24. 1 January 1867.
Retrieved on 12 August 2008.
[39] UK CPI ination numbers based on data available from
Gregory Clark (2014), "What Were the British Earnings
and Prices Then? (New Series)" MeasuringWorth.
[40] Swain (1987), p. 119.
[41] Youngs (1991), pp. 6, 33, 644646
[42] Charters for Two New Boroughs: Celebrations at Sale
and Radclie. The Times. 23 September 1935. p. 15.
[43] Our constitution. Traord Council. Retrieved on 2
March 2014.
[44] Wards in Traord. Traord Metropolitan Borough
Council. 2007. Retrieved on 17 April 2007.
[45] Ashton upon Mersey: Councillors in this Ward. Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on 8 May 2012.
Brooklands: Councillors in this Ward.
Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on 8 May 2012.
Priory: Councillors in this Ward. Traord.gov.uk.
Retrieved on 8 May 2012.
Sale Moor: Councillors in this Ward. Traord.gov.uk.
Retrieved on 8 May 2012.
St Marys: Councillors in this Ward. Traord.gov.uk.
Retrieved on 8 May 2012.

Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS06 Ethnic group

trieved 5 August 2008.

. Re-

[59] Traord Metropolitan Borough key statistics. Statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved on 5 August 2008.
[60] Census 2001 Key Statistics Urban area results by population size of urban area. ons.gov.uk. Oce for National
Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS01 Usual resident population
. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
[61] Census 2001 Key Statistics Urban area results by population size of urban area. ons.gov.uk. Oce for National
Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS04 Marital status
trieved 5 August 2008.

. Re-

[62] Traord Metropolitan Borough marital status. Statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved on 5 April 2009.
[63] KS20 Household composition: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas. Statistics.gov.uk. 2 February 2005.
Retrieved on 2 March 2014.
Traord Metropolitan Borough household data. Statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved on 5 August 2008.
[64] Census 2001 Key Statistics Urban area results by population size of urban area. ons.gov.uk. Oce for National
Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS13 Qualications and students
. Retrieved 5 August 2008.

[46] Exploring Greater Manchester (PDF). Manchester Geographical Society. 1998. Retrieved on 6 May 2007.

[65] Sale social class. Vision of Britain. Retrieved on 1 August 2008.

Percentage of Working-Age Males in Class 1 and 2.
Vision of Britain. Retrieved on 1 August 2008.
Percentage of Working-Age Males in Class 4 and 5.
Vision of Britain. Retrieved on 1 August 2008.

[47] Nevell (1997), p. 1.

[66] Nevell (1997), p. 59.

[48] Nevell (1997), p. 3.

[67] Nevell (1997), p. 85.

[49] Drinking water quality report.

United Utilities.
Archived from the original on 29 January 2008. Retrieved
on 26 December 2008.

[68] Nevell (1997), p. 86.

[50] Manchester Airport 19712000 weather averages. Met

Oce. 2001. Retrieved 12 August 2008.

[70] Traord Metropolitan Borough key statistics (PDF).

audit-commission.gov.uk. Retrieved on 2 March 2014.

[69] Swain (1987), p. 139.

10

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[71] Greater Manchester Urban Area. United Kingdom

Census 1991. Retrieved on 30 October 2008.

[95] Sale Brass. salebrass.co.uk. Retrieved on 28 March

2008.

[72] Census 2001 Key Statistics Urban area results by population size of urban area. ons.gov.uk. Oce for National
Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS09a Economic activity all

[96] Sale F.C.. Sale F.C. Retrieved on 7 May 2007.

people

. Retrieved 5 August 2008.

[73] Traord Local Authority economic activity.

tics.gov.uk. Retrieved on 3 November 2007.

Statis-

[74] Swain (1987), p. 15.

[75] Swain (1987), pp. 14, 16.
[76] Nevell (1997), pp. 8586, 8891.
[77] Nevell (1997), pp. 8990.
[78] Swain (1987), p. 61.

[97] John Gardiner. Sale FC history. Salefc.com. Retrieved

on 2 arch 2014.
[98] Ashton-on-Mersey RUFC contact details. Ashton-onMerseyRUFC.co.uk. Retrieved on 28 August 2008.
[99] A brief history of Traord MV. TraordMV.co.uk.
Retrieved on 7 May 2007.
[100] Rowbottom, Mike (7 August 2006). An email conversatiom with Darren Campbell: 'Athletics mattered to me
almost more than life itself'". The Independent (London).
Retrieved 5 August 2008.
[101] About Darren Campbell. Nu Respect Sport Managements Agency Online. 2007. Retrieved on 2 March 2014.

[79] "'Bright future' for town centre. Manchester Evening

News (M.E.N. Media). 25 September 2002. Retrieved [102] Modahl gives BAF ultimatum. BBC News. 24 August
28 August 2008.
1998. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
[80] Thame, David (22 November 2005). Sale shops fetch [103] Sale Sports Club. Sale Sports Club. Retrieved on 7 May
40m. Manchester Evening News (M.E.N. Media). Re2007.
trieved 20 August 2008.
[104] Traord Metropolitan Borough Council. Sale Golf
[81] Sales sales boom. Manchester Evening News (M.E.N.
Club. Traord.gov.uk. Retrieved on 28 December
Media). 20 November 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
2008.
[82] Census 2001 Key Statistics Urban area results by popu- [105] Traord Metropolitan Borough Council. Ashton-onlation size of urban area. ons.gov.uk. Oce for National
Mersey Golf Club. Traord.gov.uk. Retrieved on 28
Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS11a Industry of employment
December 2008.
all people

. Retrieved 5 August 2008.

[83] Planning and building control: listed buildings (PDF).

Traord.gov.uk. Retrieved on 31 July 2008.
[84] Wyke (2004), pp. 393394.

[106] Woodheys park pitch and putt. Friends of Woodheys

Park. Retrieved on 26 April 2008.
[107] Welcome to Traord Rowing Club. Traord Rowing
Club. Retrieved on 7 May 2007.

[85] Hulme, Charles. James Prescott Joule: Worthington [108] Sale Leisure Centre. Traord Community Leisure
Trust. Retrieved on 28 February 2014.
Park, Sale. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
[86] Nevell (1997), pp. 2, 778.

[109] Walton Park Sports Centre. Traord Community

Leisure Trust. Retrieved on 28 February 2014.

[87] Conservation Areas in Traord. Traord.gov.uk. Re[110] Swain (1987), pp. 6971.
trieved on 23 March 2012.
[88] Wyke (2004), p. 394.

[111] Swain (1987), p. 71.

[89] Swain (1987), p. 96.

[112] Swain (1987), p. 74.

[90] Worthington Park. GreenFlagAward.org.uk. Archived [113] Sale Grammar School. Traord Family Service Directory. Traord Council. Retrieved on 2 March 2014.
from the original on 7 February 2008. Retrieved on 24
December 2008.
[114] Sale Grammar School 2006 Ofsted Report (PDF). Sale
Grammar School. 22 November 2006. Retrieved on 2
[91] Broad Ees Dole. Mersey Valley Countryside Warden
March 2014.
Service. Retrieved on 27 April 2007.
[92] Take a trip to Sale Waterside. Traord.gov.uk. Re- [115] Ashton upon Mersey School. Ashton upon Mersey
School. Retrieved on 2 May 2007.
trieved on 2 March 2014.
[93] Economic regeneration: Traord Metropolitan Bor- [116] Ashton on Mersey School 2008 Ofsted Report. ofsted.gov.uk. 3 December 2008. Retrieved on 26 Decemough (PDF). Audit Commission. Retrieved on 2 March
ber 2008.
2014.
[94] Sale Gilbert and Sullivan Society. SaleGASS.org.uk. [117] Sale High School. Sale High School. Retrieved on 2
Retrieved on 11 June 2007.
May 2007.

11.2

Bibliography

11

[118] Sale High School 2006 Ofsted Report. ofsted.gov.uk.

23 December 2006. Retrieved on 26 December 2008.
[119] Manor High School. Traord Council. Retrieved on 2
May 2007.
[120] Manor High School 2007 Ofsted Report. ofsted.gov.uk.
30 May 2008. Retrieved on 26 December 2008.
[121] Swain (1987), p. 76.
[122] Nevell (1997), p. 28.
[123] Church of Martin, Sale. Images of England. Retrieved
on 23 February 2008.
[124] Richards (1947), pp. 2224.
[125] Church of John the Divine, Sale. Images of England.
Retrieved on 23 March 2008.
[126] Census 2001 Key Statistics Urban area results by population size of urban area. ons.gov.uk. Oce for National
Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS07 Religion
August 2008.

. Retrieved 5

[127] Catholic Diocese of Shrewsbury. DioceseofShrewsbury.org. Retrieved on 7 May 2007.

[128] The Church of England Diocese of Chester.
Chester.Anglican.org.
Archived from the original
on 5 February 2008. Retrieved on 11 April 2009.
[129] List of United Synagogues across the UK. somethingjewish.co.uk. 7 September 2003. Retrieved on 14 August
2008.
[130] Traord community groups search. Traord.gov.uk.
Retrieved on 12 August 2008.
[131] Nevell (1997), pp. 9697.

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Dodgson, J. McN. (1970b). The place-names of
Cheshire. Part two: The place-names of Bucklow Hundred and Northwich Hundred. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-07914-4.
Hartwell, Clare; Matthew Hyde and Nikolaus Pevsner (2004). Lancashire : Manchester and the SouthEast. The buildings of England. New Haven,
Conn.; London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300-10583-5.
Kenyon, D (1989). Notes on Lancashire PlaceNames 2, The Later Names. The English PlaceName Society Journal 21: 2353.
Nevell, Mike (1992). Tameside Before 1066. Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council. ISBN 1871324-07-6.
Nevell, Mike (1997). The Archaeology of Traord.
Traord Metropolitan Borough Council. ISBN 1870695-25-9.
Nevell, Mike (2008). Manchester: the Hidden History. The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-4704-9.
Richards, Raymond (1947). Old Cheshire Churches.
London: Batsford.
Swain, Norman (1987). A History of Sale from
earliest times to the present day. Wilmslow: Sigma
Press. ISBN 1-85058-086-3.
Wyke, Terry; Harry Cocks (2004). Public Sculpture
of Greater Manchester. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 0-85323-567-8.
Youngs, Frederic A., Jr. (1991). Guide to the Local
Administrative Units of England, Vol. II: Northern
England. London: Royal Historical Society. ISBN
0-86193-127-0.

[132] Swain (1987), p. 46.

[133] Swain (1987), p. 89.
[134] Nevell (1997), p. 100.
[135] Swain (1987), pp. 119120.
[136] Swain (1987), pp. 129130.
[137] Tram Times. Metrolink. Retrieved on 28 February
2014.
[138] Rail map for Liverpool and Manchester (PDF). National
Rail. Retrieved on 2 March 2014.
[139] Wilson, James (26 April 2007). A busy hub of connectivity. Financial Times FT report doing business in
Manchester and the NorthWest (The Financial Times Limited).

12 External links

12

13

13
13.1

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Sale, Greater Manchester Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sale%2C%20Greater%20Manchester?oldid=654674893 Contributors:

Gareth Owen, G-Man, Jimmer, Steinsky, Morwen, Warofdreams, Dale Arnett, Pigsonthewing, Ddstretch, Wereon, Marnanel, Lupin,
Michael Devore, D3, Rdsmith4, MRSC, John Bracegirdle, Maclean25, Zscout370, Adambro, Circeus, Bitrot, Nk, Redf0x, Voyager, Anthony Appleyard, Saga City, Gene Nygaard, Mindmatrix, Honeybucket, Kafue, Jaxhere, Rjwilmsi, Jehochman, Nihiltres, Phoenix2,
YurikBot, Wavelength, RussBot, Cpc464, Chensiyuan, Tgsh2005, Anetode, Nick C, Tony1, MSJapan, Tachyon01, Orioane, Nikkimaria,
Chase me ladies, I'm the Cavalry, Closedmouth, Josh3580, SmackBot, Davewild, Hmains, Colonies Chris, OrphanBot, Lozleader, Ollyhol, Parrot of Doom, Harryboyles, BrownHairedGirl, Microchip08, Euchiasmus, Aquilina, Regan123, RomanSpa, Mr Stephen, Jhamez84,
SandyGeorgia, Iridescent, Kirrane, Tawkerbot2, Czachur, TomTomkins, Nick334, Pit-yacker, Richardguk, Amandajm, Twittenham, Ssilvers, Casliber, Malleus Fatuorum, Thijs!bot, Epbr123, Christraord, Majorly, Yomangani, Kbthompson, Roundhouse0, DShamen, AfrmationChick, JenLouise, Tomseddon, MegX, Squire4, Slob89, Reece Llwyd, RRJ, Miriam joy, Anaxial, Keith D, Nev1, DrKiernan,
Sale-w, RoboMaxCyberSem, Fleebo, Juliancolton, Ozmusicwriter, Spark010, VolkovBot, Philip Trueman, ALexL33, GimmeBot, Bobfos,
Someguy1221, Freakypunk rd, Bleaney, Vgranucci, Altyelecy, Pinknoise, Strangerer, Scrawlspacer, SieBot, Tehjustice, Kernel Saunters,
Erythromycin, Darrenm540, Editus Reloaded, Oxymoron83, Lightmouse, Msrasnw, Soulrefrain, David m tolan, Jza84, Church, Plastikspork, Richard1911, Richerman, Kitchen Knife, Thedogsbollox, Paulwatson1, Sofcookies, Dank, Mhockey, Dallan72, Patrick-Ashling,
MystBot, Notuncurious, Darkwingduck2008, Felix Folio Secundus, Addbot, DOI bot, LaaknorBot, Epicadam, Lightbot, Legobot, Yobot,
AnomieBOT, Jeni, Piano non troppo, Warrior God of WP, Citation bot, Xqbot, Bgmcheshire, Crookesmoor, Fmph, GrouchoBot, Haldraper, Citation bot 1, J3Mrs, ClickBot, Plasticspork, Crusoe8181, Bobchilts01, RjwilmsiBot, WildBot, DASHBot, EmausBot, John of
Reading, K6ka, H3llBot, Coasterlover1994, Petet66, DT Sale, RakiSykes, Squidrings, Mark Arsten, BattyBot, Khazar2, Jenniferlever,
TFA Protector Bot, Eric Corbett, Monkbot, Thecoolllllldudee, Jesmond Devon and Anonymous: 134

13.2

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File:1777_Burdett_map_of_Sale.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/1777_Burdett_map_of_Sale.jpg

License: Public domain Contributors: Swain, Norman (1987) A History of Sale from earliest times to the present day, Wilmslow: Sigma
Press, p. 34 ISBN: 1-85058-086-3. Original artist: Burdett
File:Bridgewater_Canal_in_centre_of_Sale_2006.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Bridgewater_
Canal_in_centre_of_Sale_2006.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: From geograph.org.uk Original artist: alan halfpenny
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File:Historic_Dovecote_at_Walkden_Gardens,_Sale,_Cheshire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_526310.jpg
Source:
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526310.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: From geograph.org.uk Original artist: Manchester Warrior
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File:Sale_Town_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1749852.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Sale_Town_
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File:Shops_on_Northenden_Road,_Sale_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2030293.jpg Source:
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13.3

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