Sale, Greater Manchester - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

4/10/15, 7:44 PM

Coordinates: 53.424N 2.322W

Sale, Greater Manchester

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sale is a town in Trafford, Greater Manchester, England.[1] Historically in Cheshire, it is on the south bank of the
River Mersey, 1.9 miles (3.1 km) south of Stretford, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northeast of Altrincham, and 5.2 miles
(8.4 km) southwest of Manchester. In 2001 it had a population of 55,000.

Sale

Evidence of Stone Age, Roman, and Anglo-Saxon activity has been discovered locally. In the Middle Ages, Sale
was a rural township, linked ecclesiastically with neighbouring Ashton upon Mersey, whose fields and meadows
were used for crop and cattle farming. By the 17th century, Sale had a cottage industry manufacturing garthweb,
the woven material from which horses' saddle girths were made.
The Bridgewater Canal reached the town in 1765, stimulating Sale's urbanisation. The arrival of the railway in
1849 triggered Sale's growth as a commuter town for Manchester, leading to an influx of middle class residents; by
the end of the 19th century the town's population had more than tripled. Agriculture gradually declined as service
industries boomed.

Sale Town Hall

Sale's urban growth resulted in a merger with neighbouring Ashton upon Mersey, following the Local Government
Act 1929. The increase in population led to the granting of a charter in 1935, giving Sale honorific borough status.
Since then, Sale has continued to thrive as a commuter town, supported by its proximity to the M60 motorway and
the Manchester Metrolink network. Sale Water Park contains an artificial lake used for water sports. Sale Sharks
rugby union and Sale Harriers athletics club were founded in Sale, although both have now relocated elsewhere.
Sale

Contents
1 History
2 Governance
3 Geography
4 Demography
4.1 Population change
5 Economy
6 Culture
6.1 Landmarks and attractions
6.2 Events and venues
6.3 Sports
7 Education
8 Religion
9 Transport
10 See also
11 References
11.1 Notes
11.2 Bibliography

Sale shown within Greater Manchester

Population
density

55,234 (2001 census)

12,727/sq mi (4,914/km2)

OS grid reference
London

SJ785915
162 mi (261 km) SE

Metropolitan borough
Metropolitan county
Region
Country
Sovereign state

Trafford
Greater Manchester
North West
England
United Kingdom

Post town
Postcode district
Dialling code

SALE

Police
Fire
Ambulance

Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester
North West

EU Parliament
UK Parliament

North West England

Altrincham and Sale West

M33
0161

Wythenshawe and Sale East

List of places: UK England Greater Manchester

12 External links

History
A flint arrowhead discovered in Sale suggests a prehistoric human presence at the location,[2] but there is no further evidence of activity in the area until the Roman
period. A 4th-century hoard of 46 Roman coins was discovered in Ashton upon Mersey, one of four known hoards dating from that period discovered within the Mersey
basin.[3][4] Sale lies along the line of the Roman road which runs between the fortresses at Chester (Deva Victrix) and York (Eboracum), via the fort at Manchester
(Mamucium);[3] the present-day A56 follows the route of the road through the town.[2] After the Roman departure from Britain in the early-5th century, Britain was
invaded by the Anglo-Saxons.
Some local field and road names,[5] and the name of Sale itself, are Anglo-Saxon in origin, which indicates the town was founded in the 7th or 8th centuries. The Old
English salh, from which "Sale" is derived, means "at the sallow tree",[6] and Ashton upon Mersey means "village or farm near the ash trees".[7] Although the townships
of Sale and Ashton upon Mersey were not mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, that may be because only a partial survey was taken.[8] The first recorded
occurrences of Sale and Ashton upon Mersey are in 11991216 and 1260 respectively.[9] The settlements were referred to as townships rather than manors, which
suggests further evidence of Anglo-Saxon origins as townships were developed by the Saxons.[10]

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The manor of Sale was one of 30 held by William FitzNigel, a powerful 12th-century baron in north Cheshire. He divided it between Thomas de Sale and Adam de
Carrington, who acted as Lords of the Manor on FitzNigel's behalf.[11] On de Sale's death, his land passed to his son-in-law, John
Holt; de Carrington's land passed into the ownership of Richard de Massey, a member of the Masseys who were Barons of
Dunham. Sale descended through the Holt and Massey families until the 17th century, when their respective lands were sold.[11]
Sale Old Hall was built in about 1603 for James Massey, probably to replace a medieval manor house, and was one of the first
buildings in northwest England to be made of brick.[12][13] It was rebuilt in 1840 and demolished in 1920, but two buildings in its
grounds have survived: its dovecote, now in Walkden Gardens, and its lodge, the latter now occupied by Sale Golf Club.[12]
The dovecote is all that survives of
Sale Old Hall.

In 1745, Crossford Bridge which dated back to at least 1367 was torn

down.[14] It was one of a series of bridges crossing the River Mersey

destroyed by order of the government, to slow the advance of Jacobite forces
during the Jacobite rising. The Jacobites repaired the bridge upon reaching Manchester, and used it to send a small
force into Sale and Altrincham. Their intention was to deceive the authorities into believing that the Jacobites were
heading for Chester. The feint was successful and the main Jacobite army later marched south through Cheadle and
Stockport instead.[15]
The extension of the Bridgewater Canal to Runcorn was completed as far as Sale by 1765, and transformed the
town's economy by providing a quick and cheap route into Manchester for fresh produce.[16] Farmers who took their
wares to market in Manchester brought back night soil to fertilise the fields.[17] Not everyone benefited from the
canal however; several yeomen claimed that their crops were damaged by flooding from the Barfoot Bridge
aqueduct.[18] A 1777 map shows the village of Cross Street, on the site of the road now of the same name, divided
between the townships of Sale and Ashton upon Mersey.[19] The village was first referred to in 1586 and is believed
to have originated around this time.[20] The map also shows that Sale was spread out, mainly consisting of
farmhouses around Dane Road, Fairy Lane, and Old Hall Road.[19] Sale absorbed Cross Street as it expanded.

1777 map of area around Sale showing the

townships of Sale and Ashton upon Mersey and the
separate village of Cross Street (Baguley and
Wythenshawe Hall are in the southeast)

About 300 acres (120 ha) of "wasteland" known as Sale Moor was enclosed in 1807, to be divided between the landowners in Sale. This was part of a nationwide
initiative to begin cultivation of common land to lessen the food shortage caused by the Napoleonic Wars.[21] Records of poor relief in the town start in 1808, a time
when the region was in the grip of an economic depression.[22] Poorhouses, where paupers could stay rent-free, were built in the early-19th century, reflecting the poor
state of the local economy.[23] In 1829, Samuel Brooks acquired 515 acres (208 ha) of land in Sale about a quarter of the township from George Grey, 6th Earl of
Stamford.[24] The area later became known as Brooklands after the land owner.
The Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway opened in 1849,[25] and led to the middle classes using Sale as a
commuter town, a residence away from their place of work.[26] This resulted in Sale's population more than tripling by the end of
the 19th century.[27] The land in Sale Moor was the cheapest in the town because the soil was poor and difficult to cultivate,
which was part of the reason the area was common land until the early 19th century. However, when the railway opened, Sale
Moor was close to the station and became the most expensive area in Sale. Villas were built in Sale Moor, and a few in Ashton
upon Mersey as the demand for land increased.[28] They were often decorated with stained glass or different coloured bricks in
an attempt to make them "mansions in miniature" for the aspiring middle-class.[29]
View of the Bridgewater Canal,
looking north towards Stretford. The
railway runs parallel with the canal.

Pressure from an increasing population led to the town being supplied with amenities such as sewers, which were built in 1875
1880;[30] and Sale was connected to the telephone network in 1888.[31] As in the late-19th century, the early-20th century saw a
great deal of construction work in Sale. The town's first swimming baths were built in 1914,[32] and its first cinema, The Palace,
was opened during the First World War.[33] The end of the war in 1918 resulted in a rush of marriages, which highlighted a

shortage of

housing.[34]

The local councils of Sale and Ashton upon Mersey took the initiative of building council housing, and rented it to the local population at below

market rates. By the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, Sale had 594 council houses.[34] The building programme was interrupted by the start of the war.[32]
additional private housing development brought the total of inter-war houses built in Sale to around 900, including large housing estates like Woodheys Hall estate in
Ashton.
Sale was never officially evacuated during the war, and even received families from evacuated areas, although it was not considered far enough from likely targets to be
an official destination for evacuees.[35] The town's proximity to Manchester, an industrial centre directed towards the war effort, did result in a number of bombing raids.
Incendiaries dropped on Sale in September 1940 caused no casualties, but did damage a house. In a bombing incident the following November, four people were injured
and a school was damaged; on 22 December 1940, twelve people were injured by bombs.[35] On the night of 23 December, much of Manchester suffered heavy
bombing in what became known as the Manchester Blitz. Six hundred incendiary bombs were dropped on Sale in three hours. There were no injuries, but Sale Town
Hall was severely damaged.[35] On 3 August 1943, at 11:50 pm, a Wellington Bomber on a training exercise crashed in Walton Park in the south-west of the town. Of
the six-man crew, consisting of five members of the Royal Australian Air Force and one member of the Royal Air Force, the pilot and the bomb-aimer were killed.[36]
Sale's shopping centre was redeveloped during the 1960s, as part of the town's post-war regeneration. In 1973, the shopping precinct in the town centre, which had
grown up in the mid-19th century, was also redeveloped and pedestrianised in an attempt to increase trade.[32] The construction of the M63 motorway (subsequently
renamed the M60) in 1972 led to the creation of Sale Water Park. To minimise the risk of flooding, the new road was built on an embankment, for which the necessary
gravel was extracted from what is today an artificial lake and water-sports centre.[37] Opportunities for leisure were increased when the old swimming baths, demolished
in 1971, were replaced in 1973 by a new complex built on the same site.[32]

Governance

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Historically, Sale was a township in the ancient parish of Ashton upon Mersey in the hundred of Bucklow and county of
Cheshire.[1] Throughout the Middle Ages it was governed by the Lord of the Manor. Following the Poor Law Amendment Act
1834, Sale was joined with the Altrincham Poor Law Union, an inter-parish unit established to provide social security.[1] The
unit changed its name to Bucklow Poor Law Union in 1895.[1] Sale adopted the Local Government Act 1858 in November 1866,
and Sale Local Board was formed to govern the township at the beginning of 1867.[38] Members were elected to the local board
by the town's ratepayers. A household had one vote for every 10 (800 as of 2015)[39] of rateable value.[40] Under the Local
Government Act 1888 Sale became an urban district of the administrative county of Cheshire. The local board was replaced by
Sale Urban District Council in 1894. The parish of Ashton upon Mersey became an urban district in 1895.[41] In 1930, the

The coat of arms on Sale Town Hall

are of the former Sale Municipal
Borough Council, which was
dissolved in 1974.

Ashton upon Mersey UD was merged into Sale UD under a county review order.[40][41]
In December 1933, Sale Urban District submitted a petition to the Privy Council in an attempt to gain a charter of incorporation.
At the time, Sale UD had the largest population and highest rateable value of any urban district in the country.[42] The petition

was successful and on 21 September 1935 Sale UD was granted borough status, and became the Municipal Borough of Sale.[41] Following the Local Government Act
1972, on 1 April 1974 the Municipal Borough of Sale was abolished. Sale became an unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, a local government
district of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.[32][41] The town's education, town planning, waste collection, health, social care and other services are
administered by Trafford Council.[43]
For national elections, Sale was in the parliamentary constituency of Altrincham and Sale from 1945 until 1997, when it was split between Altrincham and Sale West
and Wythenshawe and Sale East. The Altrincham and Sale West constituency is one of the Conservative Party's two seats in Greater Manchester. The Sale area consists
of five electoral wards, which between them have 15 of the 63 seats on the council. The wards are Ashton upon Mersey, Brooklands, Priory, Sale Moor, and St.
Mary's.[44] As of the 2012 local elections, the Conservative Party held nine of the seats and the Labour Party held six.[45]

Geography
At 5325!29"N 219!19"W (53.4246, 2.322), Sale lies respectively to the north and south of the neighbouring towns of
Altrincham and Stretford, and 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Manchester city centre. The district of Wythenshawe is to the
southeast. Sale is in the Mersey Valley, about 100 feet (30 m) above sea level on generally flat ground. The River Mersey, which
runs just north of the town,[2] is prone to flooding during heavy rains, so the Sale Water Park, close to the town's northern
boundary, acts as an emergency flood basin.[46] The man-made, and thus more controllable, Bridgewater Canal runs through the
centre of the town.
Sale's local drift geology consists of sand and gravel deposited about 10,000 years ago, during the last ice age.[47] The bedrock is
Shops along Northenden Road in Sale

Bunter sandstone in the west and Triassic waterstone in the east.[48] United Utilities obtains the town's drinking water from the
Lake District.[49] Sale's climate is generally temperate, like the rest of Greater Manchester. The mean highest and lowest
temperatures (13.2 C (55.8 F) and 6.4 C (43.5 F)) are slightly above the national average, while the annual rainfall (806.6

millimetres (31.76 in)) and average hours of sunshine (1394.5 hours) are respectively above and below the national averages.[50][51]
The town's main districts are Ashton upon Mersey in the northwest, Sale Moor in the southeast, and Brooklands in the southwest. The main commercial area is Sale
town centre, in the central northern area of the town, but smaller commercial centres are also found in Ashton upon Mersey and Sale Moor. Brooklands is the most
densely populated area. Most of the parks, including Worthington and Walton, are in the central and southern areas, leaving Ashton upon Mersey and Sale Moor with a
shortage of accessible green space.[52][53][54]
Sale's built environment is varied, with a mixture of modern and old buildings. Some terraces, semi-detached houses, and villas, survive from the Victorian period,[55]
although many of the larger houses have been converted into flats.[56] Many semi-detached houses survive from the 1930s, when there was a need for new housing in
the town as a result of a growing population and an increasingly wealthy middle class.[57] Interspersed with these older structures are newer housing developments, such
as the estates built in Ashton upon Mersey and the east of Sale during the 1970s.[32]

Demography
As of the 2001 UK census, Sale had a population of 55,234. The 2001 population density was
Sale compared

12,727 inhabitants per square mile (4,914/km2), with a 100 to 94.2 female-to-male ratio.[60] Of
those over 16 years old, 30.0% were single (never married), 51.3% married and 7.8%

2001 UK census

Sale[58]

Trafford[59]

England

divorced.[61]

Although the proportion of divorced people was similar to that of Trafford and
England, the rates of those who were single and married were significantly different from the
national and Trafford averages (Trafford: 44.3% single, 35.6% married; England: 44.3% single,

Total population

55,234

210,145

49,138,831

Foreign born

6.7%

8.2%

9.2%

White

95.1%

89.7%

91.0%

34.7% married).[62] Sale's 24,027 households included 32.2% one-person, 37.8% married
couples living together, 8.3% were co-habiting couples, and 8.5% single parents with their

Asian

1.9%

4.6%

4.6%

Black

0.7%

2.3%

2.3%

children, these figures were similar to those of Trafford and England.[63] Of those aged 1674,
22.3% had no academic qualifications, similar to that of 24.7% in all of Trafford but

Christian

78%

76%

72%

Muslim

1.4%

3.3%

3.1%

significantly lower than 28.9% in all of England.[59][64] Sale had a much higher percentage of
adults with a diploma or degree than Greater Manchester as a whole. Of Sale residents aged 16
74, 26.7% had an educational qualification such as first degree, higher degree, qualified teacher
status, qualified medical doctor, qualified dentist, qualified nurse, midwife, or health visitor,

No religion

13%

12%

15%

Over 65 years old

17%

16%

16%

compared to 20% nationwide.[59][64]

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Originally a working class town, there was an influx of middle-class people in the mid-19th century when businessmen began using Sale as a commuter town.[26] Since
then, Sale has had a greater proportion of middle class residents than the national average. In 1931, 22.7% of Sale's population was middle class compared with 14% in
England and Wales, and by 1971, this had increased to 36.3% compared with 24% nationally. Parallel to this increase in the middle classes of Sale was the decline of the
working class population. In 1931, 20.3% were working class compared with 36% in England and Wales; by 1971, this had decreased to 15.4% in Sale and 26%
nationwide. The rest of the population was made up of clerical workers and skilled manual workers. The change in social structure in the town was at a similar rate to
that of the rest of the nation but was biased towards the middle classes, transforming Sale into the middle class town it is today.[65]

Population change
According to the hearth tax returns of 1664, the township of Sale had a population of about 365.[66] Parish registers show that the area experienced steady population
growth during the 17th and 18th centuries, more so during the latter half of the 19th century (due to the Industrial Revolution). This later growth was less rapid than that
seen in neighbouring areas such as Altrincham, Bowdon, or Stretford.[67] The increase in growth in the latter half of the 19th century also coincides with the arrival of
the railway, indicative of Sale's growth as a commuter town.[68] A huge increase in population in 19211931 is accounted for by the administrative merger of Sale with
Ashton upon Mersey in 1930.[69] Steady growth thereon is evident until 1981, when the decline of industry in Trafford and the Greater Manchester area accounts for a
reduction in the town's population. This follows the general population trend for Greater Manchester, with residents relocating to new jobs.[70] The table below details
population changes since 1801, including the percentage change since the last census.
Population growth in Sale since 1801

Year

1801

1811

1821

Population

819

901

1,049 1,104 1,309 1,720 3,031 5,573 7,916 9,644 12,088 15,044 16,329 28,071 38,911 43,168 51,336 55,749 57,824 56,052 55,234

% change

+10.0 +16.4

1831
+5.2

1841

1851

1861

1871

1881

1891

+18.6 +31.4 +76.2 +83.9 +42.0 +21.8

1901
+25.3

1911
+19.6

1921
+8.5

1931
+71.6

1939
+38.6

1951
+10.9

1961
+18.9

1971

1981

+8.6

+4.4

1991
3.1

2001
1.5

Source: A Vision of Britain through Time (http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10027550&c_id=10001043&add=N)[27][69][71]

Economy
During the medieval period, most of the land was used for growing crops and raising livestock
Sale compared

such as cattle.[74] The produce from arable farming would have been sufficient to support the local
population, but the cattle would have been sold to the ruling classes.[75] Agriculture provided the
main source of employment for Sale's residents until the mid-19th century. Industry was slow to
develop in the area, as in most of what would become Trafford. This was partly because of the
reluctance to of the two main land owners in the area, the Stamfords and the de Traffords, to

2001 UK Census

Sale[72]

Trafford[73]

England

Population of working age

40,272

151,445

35,532,091

Full-time employment

45.5%

43.4%

40.8%

Part-time employment

11.6%

11.9%

11.8%

invest.[76] Although weaving was common in Sale during the late 17th and early 18th century, by

Self-employed

7.8%

8.0%

8.3%

1851 only 4% of the population was employed in that industry.[77]

Unemployed

2.5%

2.7%

3.3%

Retired

14.3%

13.9%

13.5%

Along with the rest of the region, Sale's economy during the early-19th century was weak, a state
of affairs which persisted until the arrival of the railway in the middle of the century.[23] Despite the dominance of agriculture, there was a growing service industry;
Sale and Ashton upon Mersey experienced a growth in numbers employed in retail and domestic services in the first half of the 19th century.[68] By 1901, less than 20%
of Sale residents were employed in agriculture.[68] Employment was available in work houses for those who could not find work elsewhere. Sale was part of the
Altrincham Union, which ran the nearest work house in Altrincham.[78]
The main shopping centre in Sale, the Square Shopping Centre, was constructed in the 1960s. Following the Trafford Centre's
opening in 1998, it was expected that the centre would suffer, but it has since prospered.[79] In 2003 the Square Shopping Centre
underwent a 7 million refurbishment, a major part of the redevelopment of Sale's town centre. It was sold for 40M in 2005, by
which time the Square had experienced an increase in trade and demand for tenancy that had led to an increase of 70% in rental
income.[80] The town's economy expanded to the extent that in 2007, at a time when the rest of south Manchester was
oversupplied with office space, Sale's available office and commercial space was at an all time low because of high demand.[81]
According to the 2001 UK census, the industry of employment of residents aged 1674 was 18.4% property and business
services, 15.9% retail and wholesale, 11.1% manufacturing, 10.9% health and social work, 9.1% education, 7.8% transport and
communications, 6.1% construction, 6.3% finance, 4.5% public administration, 3.8% hotels and restaurants, 0.7% energy and
water supply, 0.5% agriculture, 0.2% mining, and 4.7% other. Compared with national figures, the town had a relatively high
percentage of residents working in property, business services and finance. The town had a relatively low percentage working in agriculture, public administration, and
The main thoroughfare of Sale
shopping centre

manufacturing.[82] The census recorded the economic activity of residents aged 1674, 2.6% students were with jobs, 3.3% students without jobs, 4.9% looking after
home or family, 5.2% permanently sick or disabled, and 2.3% economically inactive for other reasons.[72] The 2.4% unemployment rate of Sale was low compared with
the national rate of 3.3%.[73]

Culture
Landmarks and attractions
Sale has three Grade II* listed buildings two churches (St. Martin and St. John the Divine) and Ashton New Hall and eighteen Grade II listed buildings.[83] The
cenotaph outside the town hall was designed by Ashton upon Mersey sculptor Arthur Sherwood Edwards and is a Grade II listed building.[83] It commemorates the
400 men from Sale who died in the First World War and the 300 who died in the Second World War. The memorial consists of a statue of a mourning Saint George on

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top of a granite pedestal. Costing 600 (30 thousand as of 2015),[39] it was funded by public subscription and unveiled in May 1925 in front of a crowd of
10,000.[84][85]
The oldest surviving building in Sale is Eyebrow Cottage.[86] Built around 1670, it was originally a yeoman farmhouse and is one of the earliest brick buildings in the
area. Its name is derived from the decorative brickwork above the windows. It was built in Cross Street, which at the time was a separate village from Sale.[19] Of the
twenty-one conservation areas in Trafford, two are in Sale: Ashton upon Mersey and Brogden Grove.[87]
A bronze bust of James Joule, the physicist who gave his name to the SI unit of energy, is in Worthington Park. Originally a
tower was to have been erected in his honour, but lack of donations led to the production of the bust as a substitute; it was
unveiled in 1905.[88] Joule moved to Sale in the 1870s for his health; he died at his home at 12 Wardle Road in 1889, and is
buried in Brooklands Cemetery.[89]
The area has several parks and green spaces. Worthington Park, originally called Sale Park, was opened in 1900. It features a
bandstand, gardens, play areas, and a skate ramp and is maintained by Trafford Council and The Friends of Worthington Park.[90]

The artificial lake at Sale Water Park

has been used for water sports since
1980.

Opened in 1939, Walton Park is in the southwest of the town and features a miniature railway.[36] Sale Water Park is an artificial
lake, created from a 35-metre (115 ft) deep gravel pit left during the construction of the M60. It opened in 1980 and is a venue for water sports, fishing and bird
watching. The water park is the site of the Broad Ees Dole wildlife refuge, a Local Nature Reserve that provides a home for migratory birds.[91]

Events and venues

Situated next to the town hall, the Waterside Arts Centre houses a plaza, a library, the Robert Bolt Theatre, the
Lauriston Gallery, and the Corridor Gallery. The centre, which was opened in 2004, regularly hosts concerts,
exhibitions and other community events. Performers have included comedian Lucy Porter, Midge Ure, Fairport
Convention, The Zombies and Sue Perkins.[92] In 2004, the centre received the British Urban Regeneration
Association Award for its innovative use of space and for reinvigorating Sale town centre.[93]
Sale has a Gilbert and Sullivan society, formed in 1972, which performs at the Altrincham Garrick Playhouse. The
group is directed by Alistair Donkin, a former principal comic for the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company. Members of
the group have won several awards at The International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival.[94] Sale Brass is a traditional
brass band based in Sale, formed in about 1849 as the Stretford Temperance Band. Its first recorded performance

Sale Waterside with the entrance to the Waterside

Arts Centre on the left, the Robert Bolt Theatre in
the middle, and offices used by Trafford council on
the right.

was at the 1849 opening of the railway between Manchester and Altrincham.[95]

Sports
The rugby union side Sale F.C. has been based in Sale since 1861 and at its present Heywood Road ground since 1905. One of the oldest rugby clubs in the world, its
1865 Minute Book is the oldest existing book containing the rules of the game.[96] The professional Sale Sharks team was originally part of Sale F.C. but split from it in
2003. Sale Sharks now play their matches at Salford City Stadium, although they retain the use of the Heywood Road ground for training and for the staging of home
games involving their reserve team, Sale Jets.[97] The town is also home to the Ashton upon Mersey and Trafford Metrovick rugby union clubs.[98][99]
Sale Harriers Manchester Athletics Club was formed in 1911, but is now based in nearby Wythenshawe. The club has produced successful athletes such as Olympic gold
medallist Darren Campbell[100][101] and Commonwealth Games gold medallist Diane Modahl,[102] both former residents of the town. Sale Sports Club encompasses
Sale Cricket Club, Sale Hockey Club, and Sale Lawn Tennis Club.[103] The Brooklands Sports Club is home to Brooklands Cricket Club, Brooklands Manchester
University Hockey Club, and Brooklands Hulmeians Lacrosse Club. It also provides facilities for squash, tennis, and bowling. Sale United FC plays at Crossford Bridge
and was recognised as Trafford's Sports Club of the Year in 2004. Sale Golf Club and Ashton on Mersey Golf Club have courses on the outskirts of the town,[104][105]
and a municipal pitch and putt is based at Woodheys Park.[106] Trafford Rowing Club has a boathouse beside the canal.[107] The Sale leisure centre has badminton and
squash courts, a gymnasium, and three swimming pools.[108] The Walton Park Sports Centre has a sports hall for activities such as 5-a-side football.[109] Tennis, crowngreen bowls, golf putting, and football facilities are available at the town's parks. Sale Water Ski Club is based at Sale Water Park.

Education
Sale's first school was built in 1667 and was used until the first half of the 18th century.[110] The second school in Sale was built some time in the 18th century, one of
about 30 non-grammar schools founded in Cheshire around this time.[110] By 1831, there were two private schools with the children's parents paying fees for their
education in Sale and one in Ashton upon Mersey.[111] At the same time, there were also four Sunday schools in Sale and one in Ashton upon Mersey, operated by
various religious denominations, including Congregationalists, Methodists, and Unitarians. The first school-chapel built in Sale as part of a school was constructed by
Primitive Methodists in 1839, and still survives. The second school-chapel in the town was St Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, built in 1866, and was replaced by the
current school in 1899.[112]
Trafford maintains a selective education system assessed by the Eleven Plus exam. Sale has one grammar school, two secondary modern schools and nineteen primary
schools. Sale Grammar School is a specialist school in science and the visual arts.[113] It consists of two parts, one for 1116 year olds and 900 pupils, and the other a
sixth form college with 300 students. The school was described in its 2006 Ofsted report as "outstanding with an outstanding sixth form".[114] Ashton on Mersey School
is a foundation secondary modern school and specialist sports college.[115] It has 1,300 pupils aged 1116 and 80 students in its sixth form. In its 2008 Ofsted report it
was rated "outstanding".[116] Sale High School, formerly Jeff Joseph Sale Moor Technology College, is a foundation secondary modern school for 1116 year olds and
specialist technology college.[117] It has 1,000 pupils and in its 2006 Ofsted report was rated as "satisfactory".[118] Manor High School provides secondary education to
pupils with special needs.[119] It has 140 students aged 1116 and 20 members of its sixth form and was rated as "good" in its 2007 Ofsted report.[120]

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Religion
Sale is a diverse community with a synagogue and Christian churches of various denominations. The church buildings were
mostly constructed in the late 19th or early 20th century in the wake of the population boom created by the arrival of the railway
in 1849,[121] although records show that the Church of St Martin in Ashton upon Mersey dates back to at least 1304.[122] Before
the English Reformation, the inhabitants of Sale were predominantly Catholic, but afterwards were members of the Church of
England. Roman Catholics returned to the area in the 19th century in the form of Irish immigrants.[121] Two of the three Grade
II* listed buildings in the town are churches. The Church of St Martin, which was probably originally an early 14th-century
timber framed structure, was rebuilt in 1714 after the church had been destroyed in a storm.[123][124] The Church of St John the
Divine was built in 1868, to the design of Alfred Waterhouse.[125] There are three Grade II listed churches in Sale: the Church of
St Anne (http://www.stannesale.com/); the Church of St Mary Magdalene; and the Church of St Paul.[83]

St Martin's Church in Ashton upon

Mersey is the oldest church in the
town.

As of the 2001 UK census, 78.0% of Sale residents reported themselves as Christian, 1.4% Muslim, 0.7% Hindu, 0.6% Jewish,
0.2% Buddhist and 0.2% Sikh. A further 12.9% had no religion, 0.2% had an alternative religion, and 5.9% did not state their
religion.[126] Sale is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Shrewsbury,[127] and the Church of England Diocese of Chester.[128] Sale and District Synagogue is part of
United Synagogue under the aegis of the Chief Rabbi of Britain, Jonathan Sacks.[129] The only mosque in Trafford is the Masjid-E-Noor in Old Trafford, three miles
(5 km) away.[130]

Transport
The first turnpike road in the area was the latter-day A56 Chester Road between Manchester and Crossford Bridge (on the border
between Sale and Stretford). Turnpike trusts collected tolls from road users and used the proceeds to maintain the highway. There
was a toll booth on the Sale side of Crossford Bridge. Another section of road between Altrincham and Crossford Bridge was
turnpiked in 1765.[131] The commencement of "swift packet" services on the newly opened Bridgewater Canal in 1776 made
commuting from Sale into Manchester both practical and convenient, with boats travelling at a relatively swift 10 mph
(16 km/h).[132] However the arrival in 1849 of the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway[25] sounded a death-knell
for both the canal packet services and turnpike trusts. Many trusts went into terminal decline, mirroring a national trend. By 1888
almost all roads and highways were the responsibility of the local authority.[131] Sale's railway station, originally named Sale
Originally built in wood, Sale station
was rebuilt in brick in the late 1870s.

Moor,[25] was renamed to Sale in 1856.[133] Three years later Brooklands railway station was opened, followed in 1931 by the
opening of Dane Road railway station along with the electrification of the entire line.[134] The line was renovated in the early
1990s and is now part of the Metrolink.[134]

Following the completion of a tramway between Manchester and Stretford in 1901, the British Electric Traction Company applied to Parliament for an extension to Sale.
The proposal was amended to continue the line further south, into Altrincham. The line through Sale was owned by Sale Urban District Council and leased to the
Manchester Corporation. Services to Sale commenced in 1907. A branch along Northenden Road from the line to Sale Moor was created in 1912. Sale Moor's line had
only a single track which in 1925 resulted in a head-on collision between two tramcars, injuring eight passengers.[135] Bus services were first introduced to the area in
the 1920s, but became more widespread in the 1930s.[136] The buses did not suffer the drawback of being limited to tracks and were therefore more practical than the
tram services, which from the 1930s went into decline. The tramlines along Northenden Road were removed between 1932 and 1934, and throughout Sale in the
1940s.[135]
The Metrolink system connects Sale with other locations in Greater Manchester. Trams depart the town's three stations at least every 12 minutes between 07:00 and
22:30 every day.[137] The nearest main line railway station is Navigation Road in Altrincham, from where trains run to Manchester Piccadilly, Stockport and Chester.
Bus routes operated by various companies provide services to Manchester and to Altrincham.[138] The A56 road runs between Chester and North Yorkshire via Sale,
Manchester, and Burnley,[2] and the M60 motorway which encircles Manchester can be accessed via junction 7, just to the north of Sale. The M56 and M62
motorways are about 4 miles (6 km) away, and the M6 motorway, which runs between Warwickshire and Gretna, is about 7 miles (11 km) to the west. Manchester
Airport, the busiest airport in the UK outside the London area,[139] is 4 miles (6 km) to the south.

See also
List of people from Trafford
Manchester Mummy

References
Notes
1. "Greater Manchester Gazetteer" (http://web.archive.org/web/20110718144349/http://www.gmcro.co.uk/Guides/Gazeteer/gazzs.htm). Greater Manchester County Record Office. Places
names S. Archived from the original (http://www.gmcro.co.uk/Guides/Gazeteer/gazzs.htm) on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2008.
2. Swain (1987), p. 9.
3. Nevell (1997), p. 20.
4. Nevell (1992), pp. 59, 75.
5. Swain (1987), p. 12.
6. Dodgson (1970b), p. 4.
7. Swain (1987), pp. 1213.
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7. Swain (1987), pp. 1213.

8. Redhead, Norman, in: Hartwell, Hyde and Pevsner (2004), p. 18.
9. Nevell (1997), pp. 32, 3839.
10. Swain (1987), p. 11.
11. Swain (1987), p. 20.
12. Swain (1987), p. 22.
13. Nevell (2008), p. 61.
14. Swain (1987), p. 27.
15. Swain (1987), pp. 42, 44.
16. Swain (1987), p. 44.
17. Swain (1987), p. 47.
18. Swain (1987), pp. 4445.
19. Swain (1987), p. 40.
20. Nevell (1997), p. 56.
21. Swain (1987), pp. 5152.
22. Swain (1987), pp. 6162.
23. Swain (1987), p. 68.
24. Swain (1987), p. 59.
25. Nevell (1997), p. 97.
26. Swain (1987), p. 85.
27. Nevell (1997), p. 87.
28. Swain (1987), p. 91.
29. Swain (1987), p. 98.
30. Swain (1987), p. 116.
31. Swain (1987), p. 84.
32. Swain (1987), p. 134.
33. Swain (1987) p. 112.
34. Swain (1987), pp. 119, 123.
35. Swain (1987), p. 133.
36. "Walton Park" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080107122513/http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/cme1829.htm?scheme_name=lgnl&scheme_category_id=461). Trafford.gov.uk.
Retrieved on 2 March 2014.
37. Swain (1987), pp. 135136.
38. The London Gazette: no. 23204. p. 24 (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/23204/page/24). 1 January 1867. Retrieved on 12 August 2008.
39. UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Gregory Clark (2014), "What Were the British Earnings and Prices Then? (New Series)
(http://www.measuringworth.org/ukearncpi/)" MeasuringWorth.
40. Swain (1987), p. 119.
41. Youngs (1991), pp. 6, 33, 644646
42. "Charters for Two New Boroughs: Celebrations at Sale and Radcliffe". The Times. 23 September 1935. p. 15.
43. "Our constitution" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/about-your-council/about-us/our-constitution.aspx). Trafford Council. Retrieved on 2 March 2014.
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"Brooklands: Councillors in this Ward" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DemServWard.asp?ward_id=626BE443-D6CA-42C2-AC33570A3605E130&id=0&cmetemplate=dynamic/standard.tmp). Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on 8 May 2012.
"Priory: Councillors in this Ward" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DemServWard.asp?ward_id=6F1D0FA5-8E5E-4FDE-AA5BF5D3B9C290C6&id=0&cmetemplate=dynamic/standard.tmp). Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on 8 May 2012.
"Sale Moor: Councillors in this Ward" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DemServWard.asp?ward_id=296D91B3-D04A-4650-A806C3CD582B3B41&id=0&cmetemplate=dynamic/standard.tmp). Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on 8 May 2012.
"St Mary's: Councillors in this Ward" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DemServWard.asp?ward_id=C96FA20B-E7A7-4E89-B309C2E570690308&id=0&cmetemplate=dynamic/standard.tmp). Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on 8 May 2012.
46. "Exploring Greater Manchester" (http://www.mangeogsoc.org.uk/egm/5_1.pdf) (PDF). Manchester Geographical Society. 1998. Retrieved on 6 May 2007.
47. Nevell (1997), p. 1.
48. Nevell (1997), p. 3.
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United Utilities. Archived from the original (http://www.unitedutilities.com/external/waterquality/index.aspx?viewmode=summary&PC1=M33+3HF) on 29 January 2008. Retrieved on
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51. Met Office (2007). "Annual England weather averages" (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/areal/england.html). Met Office. Retrieved 23 April 2007.
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55. Swain (1987), pp. 9193.
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55. Swain (1987), pp. 9193.

56. Swain (1987), p. 122.
57. Swain (1987), pp. 124126.
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59. "Trafford Metropolitan Borough key statistics" (http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?

a=3&b=276784&c=Trafford&d=13&e=16&g=356269&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1197508310453&enc=1). Statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved on 5 August 2008.
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ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS01 Usual resident population (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-bypopulation-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks01-usual-resident-population.xls)

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61. "Census 2001 Key Statistics Urban area results by population size of urban area" (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152).
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62. "Trafford Metropolitan Borough marital status" (http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?

a=7&b=276784&c=Trafford&d=13&e=16&g=356269&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1238940917890&enc=1&dsFamilyId=83). Statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved on 5 April
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65. "Sale social class" (http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_SOC&data_cube=N_SOC_redist&u_id=10027550&c_id=10001043&add=Y). Vision of

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66. Nevell (1997), p. 59.
67. Nevell (1997), p. 85.
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69. Swain (1987), p. 139.
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73. "Trafford Local Authority economic activity" (http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?

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116. "Ashton on Mersey School 2008 Ofsted Report" (http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/display/(id)/103465). ofsted.gov.uk. 3 December 2008. Retrieved on 26 December 2008.
117. "Sale High School" (http://www.salehighschool.co.uk/). Sale High School. Retrieved on 2 May 2007.
118. "Sale High School 2006 Ofsted Report" (http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/display/(id)/73112). ofsted.gov.uk. 23 December 2006. Retrieved on 26 December 2008.
119. "Manor High School" (https://www.trafford.gov.uk/content/admissions/schooldetails.asp?DFESID=358-7008). Trafford Council. Retrieved on 2 May 2007.
120. "Manor High School 2007 Ofsted Report" (http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/display/(id)/96611). ofsted.gov.uk. 30 May 2008. Retrieved on 26 December 2008.
121. Swain (1987), p. 76.
122. Nevell (1997), p. 28.
123. "Church of Martin, Sale" (http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=212919). Images of England. Retrieved on 23 February 2008.
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. Retrieved 5 August 2008.

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133. Swain (1987), p. 89.
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135. Swain (1987), pp. 119120.
136. Swain (1987), pp. 129130.
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136. Swain (1987), pp. 129130.

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139. Wilson, James (26 April 2007). "A busy hub of connectivity". Financial Times FT report doing business in Manchester and the NorthWest (The Financial Times Limited).

Bibliography
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Hartwell, Clare; Matthew Hyde and Nikolaus Pevsner (2004). Lancashire : Manchester and the South-East. The buildings of England. New Haven, Conn.; London: Yale University
Press. ISBN 0-300-10583-5.
Kenyon, D (1989). "Notes on Lancashire Place-Names 2, The Later Names". The English Place-Name Society Journal 21: 2353.
Nevell, Mike (1992). Tameside Before 1066. Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council. ISBN 1-871324-07-6.
Nevell, Mike (1997). The Archaeology of Trafford. Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council. ISBN 1-870695-25-9.
Nevell, Mike (2008). Manchester: the Hidden History. The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-4704-9.
Richards, Raymond (1947). Old Cheshire Churches. London: Batsford.
Swain, Norman (1987). A History of Sale from earliest times to the present day. Wilmslow: Sigma Press. ISBN 1-85058-086-3.
Wyke, Terry; Harry Cocks (2004). Public Sculpture of Greater Manchester. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 0-85323-567-8.
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External links
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