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CHAPTER FIVE khalaf

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CHAPTER FIVE khalaf

CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusions and Suggestion for Future Work
5.1 Conclusions
In this dissertation, different methods (single and two)
sources DOA estimation have been investigated using
simulation and practical experiments. The super
resolution 1 methods such as PHD 2, MUSIC, EV and

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classical method such as FFT method have been

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Although the FFT method is simple and easy to

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compute, it requires long data, high differences

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used 3 . The performance and results obtained by these

methods are compared 4.

between angles of sources, and high SNR to resolve

between two adjacent sources and locate the source in
right direction because it is low resolution method. 5 In
addition, FFT suffers from high sidelobes due to the
windowing of the data. The sidelobes may mask weak
signals. On other hand, the super resolution 6
algorithms provide good results with high resolution
and low sidelobes for short data sample.
The disadvantage of super resolution 7 algorithms is
that they are mathematically more complicated and
consume more time in DOA estimation. This problem
may be overcomed 8 because all modern computers
are high-speed in computation.
The PHD 9 resolves between two sources with small 10
difference between angles of arrival, 11 and good
estimation for source. The PHD 12 method has better
performance than FFT method in recognizing between
sources when the data is small and has smaller
sidelobe than FFT method. The PHD 13 method is
somewhat limited in its usefulness because it assumes
price knowledge of the number of complex

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exponentials in the signal.

The MUSIC method has a very small (negligible)
sidelobe as well as its ability to resolve small difference
between angles of arrivals. The MUSIC method is
better than both FFT and Pisarenko methods, where it
resolves minimum difference between the angles

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article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ajsp.20140402.02.html

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among all methods. The EV method gives accurate

DOA estimation and negligible sidelobe. Also 14 the
sidelobes are more flatness, less spurious peaks, than
that of MUSIC method.
From the practical results that are presented 16 in
this 15 dissertation, one can conclude that the FFT
method failed to locate the DOA for single source in
the accurate direction. The high-resolution techniques
estimated the DOA with small error compared to FFT
method 18 and this is one of the advantages of these
techniques over FFT method. In two sources DOA
estimation, the FFT method failed to resolve between
two sources 17 when the difference is small and has a
high sidelobe level, while the high-resolution
techniques recognize between two sources with small
error in resolution and low sidelobe level. 19, 20
5.2 Suggestion for Future Work
The use of microwave frequency. 21
Using different wavelength (frequencies). 22
Using better environment to cancel the effect of echos.
The use of small sized ultrasonic transducers that
allow to use ULA without using scanning receiver. 23