DESIGN OF A NOVEL DRFM JAMMING SYSTEM BASED
ON AFB-SFB
Jing Yang,
(School of Information and ElectronicˈBeijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
Abstract
In research of Electronic Countermeasure (ECM) recently,
Jamming source based on Digital Radio Frequency Memory
(DRFM) technology and digital channelization technology
has attracted more attention. This paper schemes out a
novel DRFM jamming system structure, which
implementing the channelized receiving with Analysis
Filter Bank (AFB) and the modulated signal reconstruction
with Synthesis Filter Bank (SFB). Jamming information
modulation is carried out in an optimized way with
improved Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) of the generated signal.
Simulation results have verified the validity of this scheme.
Keywords: Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM),
Analysis Filter Bank (AFB), Synthesis Filter Bank (SFB),
deceptive jamming.
1 Introduction
Since the concept of DRFM was introduced, scholars have
made lots of efforts on the system architecture,
implementation scheme as well as performance
investigation [1]. It has found its utilization widely in fields
such as radar countermeasure and relative simulation.
Traditional DRFM jamming system has the structure
described as Figure1.

Figure1 Common structure of DRFM system
In order to intercept modern frequency-agile radar signal or
Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) radar signal, Jamming
system must have broader frequency band and higher
receiver sensitivity. Reference [2] makes use of digital
channelization technology and works out an improved
DRFM system described as figure 2.
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Xiaoxu Guo, Yunjie Liˈ

Figure2 DRFM system based on digital channelized
receiving
In the DRFM system above, ‘Digital channelized receiving’
process is carried out on the sampled data before ‘Signal
Detection’. It can improve SNR of the detecting signal
effectively. Also the storage and jamming information
modulation on the detected signal can perform only on the
receiving channel containing the detected signal. So the
DRFM system in figure 2 features broad spectrum coverage,
good receiving sensitivity and few consumption of memory
resource.
When confront complex signal with both longer time
duration and broader bandwidth in modern EW applications,
the performance of the system in Figure 2 will be
dramatically degraded. Because it can only store and
modulate partial signal from one receiving channel when
the interested signal’s spectrum occupying more than one
receiving channel. It is necessary to design DRFM system
which can not only maintain the advantage of channelized
receiving, but also can deal with possible broad bandwidth
signal occupying multiple channels.
Analysis-Synthesis Filter Bank (ASFB) is an important
branch of multiple-rate digital signal processing theory, and
has found its applications in many fields as references [3-6]
mentioned. AFB process input signal with a group of
filtering channels followed by corresponding decimation in
serial, while SFB can implement signal reconstruction with
a group of interpolators and corresponding filtering
channels. They may be used to design one novel DRFM
jamming system. Combining ASFB implementation with an
optimized channel modulation method, this paper
introduces one novel DRFM jamming system design
method. Applicable structures of AFB and SFB under
over-sampled condition are derived in Section 2. Jamming
system structure and deceptive information modulation
 

special for radar ECM applications are introduced in Denoting the content in the curly brackets from Equation
Section3. Section 4 put forward some simulations of the
(5) as:
designed DRFM function and jamming information
P 1 nS
modulation. H l ( w ) = ¦ h ( n K  l )e  j w n K e 2
j
(6)
n 0

2 Analysis-Synthesis Filter Bank Architecture Then

for NPR K 1 j
2 S l ( 2 K 1) 2 S kl
Yk ( w )= ¦ { X ( w ) e  jwl }e
j
4K
H l ( w ) e K
(7)
ASFB is the most important part in the designed DRFM l 0

jamming system.
Based on the assumption of input signal represented in The equivalent expression in time domain is:
complex format, reference [6] brought out an efficient K 1 2 K 1 2 S 2S
 jl
y k ( n )= ¦ {{ x ( n  l ) … hl ( n )}e
jkl
implementation way for digital channelized receiver with 4 K
}e K
(8)
K channels in Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) format. But as l 0

to the applications in real world, they always have real Considering k and l as variables, Equation (8) is
signal as their input. On this occasion, half of the total equivalent to an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT)
divided channels in the structure from [6] will have operation. When K is even, basic diagram of digital
redundant information. Reference [7] then proposed a channelized receiver can have its realization in poly-phase
channelized receiver architecture for real input. According structure in which the decimation operation has been
to its channel division, every channel has useful signal and carried out just before poly-phase filter in every channel
the central frequency of every channel is: according to Reference [8]. Diagram of AFB realization
2K  1 2S structure shown in Figure3 can be acquired. SFB has a
Ȧk ( k  ) , k 0,1...K  1 (1) coupled architecture to AFB, which is described in Figure
4 K
4.
Channel number K equals to decimate index M in the
architecture defined in reference [7], which means the X(z) y0(n)
M H0(zF ) k 0 n 0
corresponding Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
filter-bank is implemented under a critical-sampled Z-1 y1(n)
H1(zF ) k 1 n 1
condition. Over-sampled DFT filter-bank with K>M has M

better performance over the critical-sampled one in Near Z-1

IFFT ...... 
...... ...... ......
Perfect Reconstruction (NPR) applications. Therefore, this ......
...... ...... ......
......

paper derives the DFT filter-bank structure under Z-1 yK1(n)

over-sampled condition for real signal firstly. M HK1(zF ) k K1 n K1
In digital channelized receiver, the input signal will be
filtered by h k [ n˄ ] k 0,1, 2...K  1) in K different Figure 3 Analysis Filter Bank structure

processing sub-channel. All branch filter hk [ n] extract y0(n)

k 0 n 0 H0(zF) Ĺ M
from one same prototype filter h[ n ] in a poly-phase way.
Z-1
y1(n)
Given the used prototype filter as h[ n] , its equivalent k 1 n 1 H1(z ) F
Ĺ M
poly-phase representation is: Z-1
...... FFT ...... ......
K 1 ......
H ( w) ¦e
l 0
 jwl
El (e jwK ) (2) ...... ...... ......
......
Z-1
Where yK1(n) X (z)
k K1 n K1 HK1(zF) Ĺ M
P 1
El (e jwK ) ¦ h ( nK  l )e
n 0
 jnwK
(3) Figure 4 Synthesis Filter Bank structure

P is the ratio of the length of prototype filter h (n) to the
channel number K.When transfer function of hk [ n] is: 3 Novel DRFM Jamming System and Its
Jamming Modulation
H k (w) H (w  wk ), k 0...K 1 (4)
Based on ASFB implementation from Section 2, one novel
Then, output of every branch filter is:
DRFM jamming system can been schemed out. Figure 5
K1 2Skl
j
2Sl (2K1)
­P1  j ½
nS
Yk (w)=X(w)¦e e ®¦h(nK  l)e e 2 ¾
j
 jwl  jwnK
K
e 4K
(5) shows its main diagram.
l 0 ¯n 0 ¿

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Radar Signal
Parameters
Measurement Delay Control
for Channel A
N
r¦ fd A _ i
i 1
Channel JA-buffer-1
A N

Data r¦ fd B _ i Data
to Signal JB-buffer-1
i 1 to
Detecting 0 DAC
ADC N Synthesis

       Figure 5 Realization structure in serial

Analysis &
Filter Bank Adaptive r¦ fd A _ i Filter
i 1 Bank
Channel
Selecting Channel
JA-buffer-2 0
B
N
r¦ fd B _ i
Deceptive jamming applications usually need to add some JB-buffer-2
i 1

false information intentionally onto the interceptive signal.

Time delay in range dimension and Doppler shifting in Delay Control
for Channel B
frequency dimension are two basic kind of information to
be modulated. Figure 6 Realization structure of modulation in parallel
There is no variable associated with time in our AFB-SFB
architecture, so delaying the output of AFB for certain time
period before sending it into SFB will not put any effect on Radar Signal
Parameters
the signal reconstruction. For jamming system realization Measurement
Delay Control

based on DRFM structure, reading the intercepted signal

out from memory at exact time can fulfill the deceptive Channel
A

information modulation of distance. Buffer-1 FIFO

0

Doppler frequency modulation relies on the realization of Data

to
Signal
Detecting
N
r¦ fd A _i
N
r¦ fd B _ i
i 1
0
Data
i 1

AFB and SFB. AFB analyzes input signal in interested ADC Analysis
Filter Bank
&
Adaptive
Channel
+
Synthesis
to
DAC
whole spectrum range and SFB reconstructs the signal Selecting Channel
B
Buffer-2 FIFO
0 Filter Bank

based on the output from AFB. If there is frequency shifting 0

f
N
r¦ fd B _ i
N
r ¦ fd A _ i
of d Hz in every channel, the reconstructed signal will i 1

f
i 1
+
also have d Hz frequency compared with input signal.
Spectrum shifting in frequency domain is equivalent to Figure 7 Realization structure of modulation in serial
multiplication operation in time domain, so proper multiply
operation at the output of every channel can fulfill the
Doppler modulation implementation.
The frequency modulation method proposed above may 4 Simulation and Performance Evaluation
result in some amplitude distortions at the overlapped
boundary between neighbor channels. Analysis and 4.1 ASFB DRFM function verification
simulation have shown that only when the offset of
frequency shifting is large enough to the Megahertz level, The simulation prototype is established as Figure8. Only the
the possible distortion can lead to serious impact on the channels enclosing the input signal have the connecting
system performance. Doppler modulation in common paths between AFB and SFB, and the others input port in
jamming applications always has the frequency shifting no SFB are fed with zeros directly.
more than hundreds of KHz in usual jamming system
applications, so this method is applicable.
Connecting AFB, SFB and the Jamming Information
Modulation module together, we can establish the
fundamental part of the designed jamming system.
x  n 
Supposing the input signal has the bandwidth occupying
two continuous channels at most while modulation of N
deceptive targets in distance and two deceptive targets in
Doppler frequency domain are wanted, Figure 6 and Figure
7 give out two possible implementation schemes. Figure 6 Figure 8 Verifying simulation of synthesis with
generates multiple deceptive jamming targets in range with partial channel
block memory buffers working in parallel and Figure 7
generate these jamming signal through some
Taking a Chirp pulse train for simulation, it has pulse width
of 10 P s and modulated frequency band from 100 MHz to
First-In-First-Out(FIFO) memories working in serial. Both
of the two modulation architecture can realize deceptive
300 MHz. The spectrum of the input Chirp signal will
Doppler modulation in frequency domain.
appear in a group of channels as [5,6,7,9,10,11,12]. A

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comparison is made between the input Chirp signal at AFB

input port and the x(n) output from SFB and it shows that 74

the method can deal with the broadband signal. 72

70
0

68

-50
66

dB
all channels synthesis
64 single channel synthesis
Amplitude, dB

-100

62
-150
60

-200 58
Spectrum of filter bank input 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
MHz
Spectrum of filter bank output
-250
0 200 400 600
Frequency, MHz
800 1000 1200
Figure 11 SNR improvement in partial channel synthesis

Figure 9 Result of partial channel synthesis for

The result shows that the operation of adaptive synthesis
broadband Chirp signal channels selection leads to SNR improvement by 12 dB in
the synthesized signal, which is accordance with the fact
that noise bandwidth is reduced by 1 / 16 .
4.2 Deceptive Doppler frequency modulation

Input signal x( n) is a pulse train. Its carrier frequency is 5 Conclusions

168.75 MHz, pulse width is 2 Ps and pulse repeat period
DRFM has been used widely in radar countermeasure and
is 8 P s . Doppler frequency shifting of 30 KHz is made in signal simulation fields. This paper puts forward one novel
the modulation module. Doppler Frequency Detection DRFM Jamming System design scheme. On the basis of
shows the Doppler modulation proposed here is applicable. AFB and SFB implementation design under over-sampled
condition of K>M, this scheme employs AFB for
0 channelized receiving of input signal and SFB for generated
X: 30
Y: 0 jamming signal reconstruction. At the same time, one
-20
simplified modulation step between AFB and SFB can
perform the jamming signal generation properly with higher
Amplitude, dB

-40
SNR. Simulation and practice have proved that the method
-60
proposed is effective and applicable.

-80 References
-100
0 20 40 60 80 100
[1] S. J. Roome, "Digital radio frequency memory,"
Frequency, KHz Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, vol. 2,
Figure 10 Detecting result of Doppler frequency pp. 147-153, 1990.
[2] Sun Guoying, Li Yunjie, Gao Meiguo. An improved
modulated signal DRFM system based on digital channelized receiver[C].
Congress on Image and Signal Processing 2009:
3617-3620.
4.3 SNR improvement in partial channels synthesis [3] P. P. Vaidyanathan, Multirate systems and filter banks:
Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 1993.
For an AFB and SFB implementation with 16 channels, [4] L. Xiaojian, "Acoustic echo cancellation over nonlinear
simulation has CW signal contaminated by noise as the channels." vol. PH.D: McGill University (Canada). , 2004.
input signal. The frequency of the input signal changes [5] P. P. V. Yuan-Pei Lin, "Application of DFT filter banks
from channel 1 to channel 16. Under the condition of input and cosine modulated filter banks in filtering," 1994.
signal with SNR as 60dB, results comparison between total [6] Y. Shi, "Design and Estimate for Multirate Systems."
channel synthesis and partial channel synthesis are plotted vol. PH.D: University of Alberta, 2006.
together in Figure12. [7] Zahirniak D R, Sharpin D L, Fields T W. A
Hardware-Efficient, MuItirate, Digital Channe1ized
Receiver Architecture; IEEE Transactions on Aerospace
and Electronic Systems, VOL.34, NO.1, January 1998.

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[8] Xu Hua, Lu Wusheng ˈ Efficient Iterative Design
Method for Cosine-Modulated QMF Banks; IEEE
Transactions on Signal Processing, VOL.44, NO.7, July
1996.
[9] Qi. Zhang, “Research and Realization of Broadband
Digital Receiver”, Beijing Institute of Technology, 2006.
[10] Zong Bo. Wang, “Research on Jamming Techniques
for Broadband and Widepulse Signal”, Beijing Institute of
Technology, 2009.

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