Chandigarh

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

See also: Chandigarh district

Chandigarh

Union Territory

Clockwise from top-left: The Rock Garden,

Legislative Assembly, Open Hand Monument,
Gandhi Bhavan, Elante Mall, Chandigarh High Court
and the Sukhna Lake
Nickname(s): The City Beautiful

Chandigarh

Coordinates:

30.75N 76.78ECoordinates:
30.75N 76.78E
India
Northern India
1960
1 Nov, 1966
Hindu goddess Chandi

Country
Region
Completed
Established
Named for
Government
Type
Administrator of UT
Mayor
Commissioner
Area
Union Territory
Area rank
Elevation
Population (2011)
Union Territory
Rank
Density
Metro[1]

Central government
Kaptan Singh Solanki
Poonam Sharma
Vivek Pratap Singh
114 km2 (44 sq mi)
33
350 m (1,150 ft)
1,054,686
29th
9,300/km2 (24,000/sq mi)
960,787
[2]

Demonym
Language
Official[3]
Time zone
PIN

Chandigarhi,
Chandigarhwala
English[a]
IST (UTC+5:30)
160xxx

Telephone code
ISO 3166 code
Vehicle registration
HDI
HDI Category
Literacy
Website

+91-172-XXX XXXX
IN-CH
CH-01 to CH-04
0.792
high
81.9
chandigarh.nic.in

The city of Chandigarh comprises all of the union territory's area

Chandigarh, also known as The City Beautiful, is a city and a union territory in the northern part
of India that serves as the capital of the states of Haryana and Punjab. As a union territory, the
city is ruled directly by the Union Government of India and is not part of either state.
The city of Chandigarh was the first planned city in India post-independence in 1947 and is
known internationally for its architecture and urban design.[6] The master plan of the city was
prepared by Le Corbusier, transformed from earlier plans created by the Polish architect Maciej
Nowicki and the American planner Albert Mayer. Most of the government buildings and housing
in the city, however, were designed by the Chandigarh Capital Project Team headed by Pierre
Jeanneret, Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry.
The city experiences extreme climate and uneven distribution of rainfall. The roads in
Chandigarh are surrounded by trees and it has the third highest forest cover in India at 8.51%
followed by Lakshadweep and Goa.[7][8]
The city tops the list of Indian States and Union Territories by per capita income in the country.[9]
The city was reported to be the cleanest in India in 2010, based on a national government study,
[10]
and the territory also headed the list of Indian states and territories according to Human
Development Index.[11] The metropolitan of Chandigarh-Mohali-Panchkula collectively forms a
Tri-city, with a combined population of over 2 million.[12] This is the first smoke-free city in
India.[13]

Contents

1 Etymology

2 History
o 2.1 Early history
o 2.2 Modern history

3 Geography and ecology

o 3.1 Location

o 3.2 Climate
o 3.3 Ecosystem

4 Demographics

5 Economy

6 Politics

7 Places of interest
o 7.1 Sukhna Lake
o 7.2 Rock Garden
o 7.3 Rose Garden
o 7.4 Leisure Valley
o 7.5 Other destinations

8 Proposals

9 Education

10 Transport
o 10.1 Road
o 10.2 Rail
o 10.3 Air

11 Media
o 11.1 Newspapers
o 11.2 Television
o 11.3 Radio stations

12 Entertainment

o 12.1 Sports
o 12.2 Gardens
o 12.3 Communications

13 Notable people from Chandigarh

14 Gallery

15 See also

16 Notes

17 References

18 Further reading

19 External links

Etymology

The Chandi Mandir, which the city was named after, is located 15 km from the city
The name Chandigarh is a portmanteau of Chandi and Garh. Chandi refers to goddess Chandi,
the warrior form of goddess Parvati, and Garh means fort.[14] The name is derived from Chandi
Mandir, an ancient temple devoted to the Hindu goddess Chandi, near the city in Panchkula
District.[15]

History
Early history
The city has a pre-historic past. In the ancient past, this region had a wide lake surrounded by
marshy habitat. Due to the presence of lake, the area has fossil remains with imprints of a large

variety of aquatic plants and animals, and amphibian life, which was supported by that
environment. As it was a part of the Punjab region, it had many rivers nearby it where the ancient
and primitive settling of humans began. So, about 8000 years ago the area was also known to be
a home to the Harappans.[16]

Modern history

The British Punjab province in 1909. During the Partition of India along the Radcliffe Line,
Lahore went to Pakistan which was the capital of Punjab earlier. The necessity to have a new
capital led to the development of Chandigarh.
After the partition of India in 1947, the former British province of Punjab was also split between
east Punjab in India and west Punjab in Pakistan.[17] The Indian Punjab required a new capital
city to replace Lahore, which became part of Pakistan during the partition.[18][19] So, the
government carved out Chandigarh of nearly 50 Pwadhi speaking villages of the then state of
East Punjab, India.[20]
Chandigarh hosts the largest of Le Corbusier's many Open Hand sculptures, standing 26 metres
high. The Open Hand (La Main Ouverte) is a recurring motif in Le Corbusier's architecture, a
sign for him of "peace and reconciliation. It is open to give and open to receive." It represents
what Le Corbusier called the 'Second Machine Age'.[21] Two of the six monuments planned in the
Capitol Complex which has the High Court, the Assembly and the Secretariat, remain
incomplete. These include Geometric Hill and Martyrs Memorial; drawings were made, and they
were begun in 1956, but they were never completed.[22]
On 1 November 1966, the newly-formed state of Haryana was carved out of the eastern portion
of Punjab, in order to create Haryana as a majority Haryanvi-speaking people, while the western
portion of Punjab retained a mostly Punjabi-speaking majority and remained as the current state
of Punjab. Chandigarh was located on the border of both states and the states moved to
incorporate the city into their respective territories. However, the city of Chandigarh was made
into a union territory to serve as capital of both states.[23]

Geography and ecology

Chandigarh is located near the Sivalik Hills. Shown here is the Open Hand Monument with the
Shivaliks visible in the background

Location
Chandigarh is located near the foothills of the Sivalik range of the Himalayas in northwest India.
It covers an area of approximately 114 km2.[19] It shares its borders with the states of Haryana and
Punjab. The exact cartographic co-ordinates of Chandigarh are 30.74N 76.79E.[24] It has an
average elevation of 321 metres (1053 ft).
The city, lying in the northern plains, has vast fertile and flat land. It has portions of Bhabhar in
the north east and Terai in rest of the area.[25]
The surrounding districts are Mohali, Patiala and Roopnagar in Punjab, Panchkula and Ambala
in Haryana. The boundary of the state of Himachal Pradesh is also minutes away from its north
border. It approximately lies in the center of the north zone of states of Jammu and Kashmir,
Punjab, Haryana, eastern Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, western Uttar Pradesh and
New Delhi in India.[26]

Climate
Chandigarh
J

Climate chart (explanation)

F M A M J
J A S O N D

33

39

16 20
3 5

30

25 32
10 16

28

35
20

145

36
22

280

31
21

308

30
20

133

22

22

30 29 24 19
19 14 8 4

Average max. and min. temperatures in C

Precipitation totals in mm
Source: World Weather Information Service
[show]Imperial conversion

Panjab University, Chandigarh, during spring

Chandigarh has a humid subtropical climate (Kppen: Cwa) characterised by a seasonal rhythm:
very hot summers, mild winters, unreliable rainfall and great variation in temperature (1 C to
46 C). The average annual rainfall is 1110.7 mm. The city also receives occasional winter rains
from the Western Disturbance originating over the Mediterranean Sea. The western distrubances
usually brings rain predominantly from mid-December till end of April which can be heavier
sometimes with strong winds and hails if the weather turns colder (during MarchApril months)
which usually proves disastrous to the crops. Cold winds usually tend to come from the north
near Shimla, capital of Himachal Pradesh and from the state of Jammu and Kashmir, both of
which receive their share of snowfall during wintertime.
The city experiences the following seasons and the respective average temperatures:

Spring: The climate remains the most enjoyable part of the year during the spring season
(from February-end to early-April). Temperatures vary between (max) 13 C to 20 C and
(min) 5 C to 12 C.

Autumn: In autumn (from September-end to mid November.), the temperature may rise
to a maximum of 30 C. Temperatures usually remain between 10 to 22 in autumn. The
minimum temperature is around 6 C.

Summer: The temperature in summer (from Mid-April to June-end) may rise to 44 C.

The temperatures might sometime rise to 44 C in mid-June. Temperatures generally vary
between 40 to 42 C.

Monsoon: During monsoon (from early-July to mid-September), Chandigarh receives

moderate to heavy rainfall and sometimes heavy to very heavy rainfall (generally during
the month of August or September). Usually, the rain bearing monsoon winds blow from
south-west/south-east. Mostly, the city receives heavy rain from south (which is mainly a
persistent rain) but it generally receives most of its rain during monsoon either from
North-west or North-east. Maximum amount of rain received by the city of Chandigarh
during monsoon season is 195.5 mm in a single day.

Winter: Winters (November-end to February-end) are mild but it can sometimes get
quite chilly in Chandigarh. Average temperatures in the winter remain at (max) 5 C to
14 C and (min) -1 C to 5 C. Rain usually comes from the west during winters and it is
usually a persistent rain for 23 days with sometimes hailstorms. The city witnessed

bone-numbing chill as the maximum temperature on Monday, 7 January 2013 plunged to

a 30-year low to settle at 6.1 degrees Celsius.
[hide]Climate data for Chandigarh

Month Jan

Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct Nov Dec

Year

Record
42.7 44.6 45.3
34.0
27.7 32.8 37.8
42.0
39.0
37.5 37.0
28.5
45.6
high C
(108.9 (112.3 (113.5
(93.2
(81.9) (91) (100)
(107.6) (102.2) (99.5) (98.6)
(83.3) (114.1)
(F)
)
)
)
)

Average
38.3 38.6
27.3
20.4 23.1 28.4 34.5
34.0
32.7
33.1 31.8
22.1
30.4
high C
(100.9 (101.5
(81.1
(68.7) (73.6) (83.1) (94.1)
(93.2) (90.9) (91.6) (89.2)
(71.8) (86.7)
(F)
)
)
)

Average
6.1
8.3
13.4 18.9 23.1 25.4
low C
(43) (46.9) (56.1) (66) (73.6) (77.7)
(F)

Record
0.0
low C
(32)
(F)

23.9
(75)

0.0
4.2
7.8
13.4 14.8
14.2
(32) (39.6) (46) (56.1) (58.6) (57.6)

10.5
23.3
21.8 17.0
6.7
16.5
(50.9
(73.9) (71.2) (62.6)
(44.1) (61.7)
)

17.2
(63)

3.7
14.3
9.4
0.0
(38.7
(57.7) (48.9)
(32)
)

0.0
(32)

Average
33.1 38.9 30.4
8.5
28.4 145.2 280.4 307.5 133.0 21.9 9.4 21.9 1,059.3
rainfall
(1.303 (1.531 (1.197 (0.335 (1.118 (5.717 (11.039 (12.106 (5.236 (0.862 (0.37 (0.862 (41.705
mm
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
(inches)

Avg.
rainy
days

2.6

2.8

2.6

1.1

2.1

6.3

12.3

11.4

5.0

1.4

0.8

Source: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[27][28]

Ecosystem

1.4

49.8

A road surrounded by trees in Chandigarh.

Most of Chandigarh is covered by dense banyan and eucalyptus plantations, while there are some
chinar trees as well. Ashoka, cassia, mulberry and other trees flourish in the forested ecosystem.
The city has forests surrounding that sustain many animal and plant species.[29] Deer, sambars,
barking deer, parrots, woodpeckers and peacocks inhabit the protected forests. Sukhna Lake
hosts a variety of ducks and geese, and attracts migratory birds from parts of Siberia and Japan in
the winter season.
A parrot sanctuary in the city is home to a variety of bird species. It has popular gardens, e.g.
Zakir Hussain Rose Garden, Rock Garden, Terraced Garden, Bougainvillea Garden, Shanti Kunj
and many others.[30]

Demographics
Others include Christians (0.7%), Jains (0.2%) & Buddhists (0.1%)

Religion in Chandigarh[31]
Percen
t

Religion

Hinduism
Sikhism
Islam
Others

79%
16%
4%
1%

The Population of Chandigarh over the years.

[show]Chandigarh Population
As of 2011 India census, Chandigarh had a population of 1,055,450[2] making for a density of
about 9252 (7900 in 2001) persons per square kilometre.[33][34]
Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. The sex ratio is 818 females for every
1,000 males[2] which is the third lowest in the country,[35][b] up from 773 in 2001. The child sex

ratio is 880 pfemales per thousand males, up from 819 in 2001.[36] Chandigarh has an average
literacy rate of 86.77%, higher than the national average; with male literacy of 90.81% and
female literacy of 81.88%.[2] 10.8% of the population is under 6 years of age.[2]
There is a substantial decline in the population growth rate in Chandigarh with just 17.10%
growth between 2001-2011. Since, 1951-1961 it has come down from 394.13% to 17.10%. This
is probably because of rapid urbanization and development in the neighboring cities.[37] The
urban population constitutes of as high as 97.25% of the total and the rural population makes up
2.75% as there are only few villages within Chandigarh on its Western and South-Eastern border
and majority of people live in the heart of Chandigarh.[36]
According to the 2001 census, 79% people in Chandigarh are Hindus, 16% are Sikhs and
minorities are Muslims, Christians, Buddhists and Jains.[38]

Economy

Legislative Assembly by Le Corbusier

Punjab and Haryana High Court by Le Corbusier

Chandigarh has been rated as the Wealthiest Town of India.[39] The RBI ranked Chandigarh as
the twelfth largest deposit centre and tenth largest credit centre nationwide as of June 2012.
The government is a major employer in Chandigarh with three governments having their base
here. A significant percentage of Chandigarhs population therefore consists of people who are
either working for one of these governments or have retired from government service. For this
reason, Chandigarh is often called a "Pensioner's Paradise".[40] Ordnance Cable Factory of the
Ordnance Factories Board has been set up by the Government of India. There are about 15
medium to large industries including two in the Public sector. In addition Chandigarh has over
2500 units registered under small-scale sector. The important industries are paper manufacturing,
basic metals and alloys and machinery. Other industries are relating to food products, sanitary
ware, auto parts, machine tools, pharmaceuticals and electrical appliances. Yet, with a per capita
income of 99,262, Chandigarh is the richest city in India.[41] Chandigarh's gross state domestic
product for 2004 is estimated at $2.2 billion in current prices.

Chandigarh ranks first in India in the Human Development Index, quality of life and e-readiness.
[39]
The main occupation here is trade and business.[42][43] However, the Punjab and Haryana High
Court, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), the availability of
an IT Park and more than a hundred of government schools provide job opportunity to people.
Three major trade promotion organisations have their offices in Chandigarh. These are:
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry, (FICCI) the PHD Chamber of
Commerce and Industry (PHDCCI) and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) which has its
regional headquarters at Sector 31, Chandigarh.[44][45]
Chandigarh IT Park (also known as Rajiv Gandhi Chandigarh Technology Park) is the city's
attempt to break into the information technology world. Chandigarh's infrastructure, proximity to
Delhi, Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, and the IT talent pool attracts IT businesses
looking for office space in the area. Major Indian firms and multinational corporations like
Quark, Infosys, Dell, IBM, TechMahindra, have set up base in the city and its suburbs.
According to a 2014 survey, Chandigarh is ranked 9th in the top 50 cities identified globally as
"emerging outsourcing and IT services destinations" ahead of cities like Beijing.[46]

Politics
Main article: Chandigarh (Lok Sabha constituency)

Pawan Kumar Bansal, who was elected three times in a row from Chandigarh constituency in
General Elections.

Kirron Kher is the current Member of Parliament elected from Chandigarh.

Chandigarh, being a Union Territory is not entitled to a state-level election, thus State Assembly
elections are not held here and it is directly controlled by the Central government. However, one
seat is contested here for the General Elections held after every five years.
The following Members of Parliament are elected till date from Chandigarh constituency:
Election
1967
1971
1977
1980
1984
1989
1991
1996
1998
1999
2004
2009
2014

Member
Chand Goyal
Amar Nath Vidyalankar
Krishna Kant
Jagannath Kaushal
Jagannath Kaushal
Harmohan Dhawan
Pawan Kumar Bansal
Satya Pal Jain
Satya Pal Jain
Pawan Kumar Bansal
Pawan Kumar Bansal
Pawan Kumar Bansal
Kirron Kher

Party
BJS
Indian National Congress
Janata Party
Indian National Congress
Indian National Congress
Janata Dal
INC
Bharatiya Janata Party
Bharatiya Janata Party
Indian National Congress
Indian National Congress
Indian National Congress
Bharatiya Janata Party

The city is controlled by a civic administration. In the Municipal Corporation, BJP candidate
Davesh Moudgil defeated Congress' Sheela Phool Singh by 19-16 votes for the post of Deputy
Mayor. One vote was declared invalid. There were 12 Councillors of Congress, 11 of BJP-SAD,
two of Bahujan Samaj Party and one Independent in the 36-member Chandigarh Municipal
Corporation according to December 2014.[47]

Places of interest

Sukhna Lake
Chandigarh has various visitor attractions including theme gardens within the city. Some notable
sites are:[48]

Sukhna Lake

Sailing at Sukhna Lake

Sukhna Lake is associated in Sector 1, adjoining the Rock Garden near the foothills of the
Shivalik.[49] Sukhna is an artificial lake. This 3 km rain-fed lake was created in 1958 by damming
the Sukhna Choe, a seasonal stream coming down from the Shivalik Hills.[50] It has The Garden
of Silence within it.[51]
The atmosphere here is serene. Sukhna Lake is the venue for many festive celebrations. The most
popular is the Mango Festival held during the monsoons. It is believed that a Swiss architect
Pierre Jeanneret's ashes were immersed in this lake according to his will as he developed a deep
bond with the lake.[52][53][54]

The garden is most famous for its sculptures made from recycled ceramic, Rock Garden

Rock Garden
The Rock Garden is situated in the middle of the Capitol Complex and the Sukhna Lake in
Sector 1.[55] It is also known as Nek Chand Rock Garden after its founder.[56] It has numerous
sculptures made by using a variety of different discarded waste materials like frames,
mudguards, forks, handle bars, metal wires, play marbles, porcelain, auto parts, broken bangles
etc.[57]
It is believed that Nek Chand himself went up the Shivalik hills and got different stones and
materials with which he started designing the garden.[58]

Rose Garden

The Rose Garden

Zakir Hussain Rose Garden, or simply Rose Garden, is named after the former President of
India, Zakir Hussain. It is situated in Sector 16.[59] The garden is known to be the greatest of its
types in Asia.[60]
The garden is said to be spread about thirty to forty acres containing nearly 825 varieties of roses
in it and more than 32,500 varieties of other medicinal plants and trees.[61]

Government Museum & Art Gallery

Musical Fountain, Sector 17, Chandigarh

Le Corbusier Centre, Sector 19

The entrance to Valley of Animals, Sector 49 in Chandigarh.

Chandigarh Museum and Art Gallery

Leisure Valley
A continuum of various theme gardens, Leisure Valley is a linear park over 8 km long which
starts from Sector 1 in the north and leaves Chandigarh at its southern most edge. It consists of
many theme parks, botanical gardens and green belts.[62]

Other destinations
Other tourist destinations include The New Lake in Sector 42, Capitol Complex in Sector 1, City
Centre in Sector 17, Open hand monument in Sector 1, Le Corbusier Centre in Sector 19,
Government Museum and Art Gallery in Sector 10, International Doll Museum in Sector 23.
There are many tourist gardens like the Garden of Fragrance in Sector 36, Butterfly Park in

Sector 23, Valley of Animals in Sector 49, the Japanese Garden in Sector 31 and the Terraced
Garden in Sector 33.[30]
Several other famous tourist destinations like Pinjore Gardens, Morni Hills, Nada Sahib, Kasauli
lie in its vicinity.

Proposals
Many projects have been proposed by the Chandigarh Administration. Some of them are:

Chandigarh Metro: It is likely to start by the year 2018[c] with estimated cost of around
10,900 crores including 50% funds from the governments of Punjab and Haryana and
25% from Chandigarh and Government of India. Funds from the Japan government will
include approximately 56% of the cost.[64][65]

Film City: As a Member of parliament from Chandigarh and having connection with the
film industry, Kirron Kher promised a film city for Chandigarh. After winning the seat,
she said that she had difficulty in acquiring land in Chandigarh.[66] However, her proposal
was accepted by the Chandigarh Administration and the film city is proposed to be set up
in Sarangpur, Chandigarh.[67]

Education
See also: List of educational institutions in Chandigarh

Gandhi Bhavan built by Pierre Jeanneret for Panjab University

There are numerous education institutions in Chandigarh. These range from privately and
publicly operated schools to colleges and the Panjab University. Other Institutions are Post
Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Govt Medical college &
Hospital, Punjab Engineering College Deemed University, Govt College for Men, Govt College
for Women, DAV College, MCM DAV College for Women, Sri Guru Gobind Singh Khalsa
College-26, Govt Homeopathic College, Ayurvedic College, Govt Polytechnical College, Govt
Home Science College, Dr Ambedkar Institute of Hotel management etc. These institutions are a
large draw for students from around the world.[68] According to Chandigarh administration's
department of education, there are a total of 107 government schools in Chandigarh and convent
schools like St. Anne's Convent School, Carmel Convent School and St. Joseph Senior
Secondary School.[69]

Transport

The 8-lane national highway 21 road passing through Chandigarh.

A road in Chandigarh.

Road
Chandigarh has the largest number of vehicles per capita in India.[70] Wide, well maintained roads
and parking spaces all over the city ease local transport.[71]
The Chandigarh Transport Undertaking (CTU) operates public transport buses from its Inter
State Bus Terminals (ISBT) in Sectors 17 and 43 of the city.[72] CTU also operates frequent bus
services to the neighbouring states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and to Delhi.
Chandigarh is well connected by road by NH 22 (Ambala - Kalka - Shimla - Khab, Kinnaur) and
NH 21 (Chandigarh - Manali).[73]

Rail
Chandigarh railway station lies in the Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railway network and
provide connectivity to all the regions of India and some major Indian cities. It provides
connectivity to eastern states with link to cities like Kolkata,[74] Dibrugarh;[75] southern states with
trains to Visakhapatnam,[76] Trivendrum,[77] Bangalore[78] and Kollam; western states with trains to
Jaipur,[79] Ahmedabad[80] and Mumbai;[81] central states with trains to Bhopal[82] and Indore;[83]
other northern states with trains to Lucknow,[84] Amritsar,[85] Ambala,[86] Panipat,[87] Kalka[88] and
Shimla.[89]
The Chandigarh Metro Rail is a proposed metro rail to serve the city locally and connect it to
other two cities of the Chandigarh Tricity. It is expected to start working by 2018 along with the
extension of Kolkata Metro and proposed Indore Metro.

Air

Chandigarh airport from inside.

Chandigarh Airport is a Customs airport with international flights for unloading and loading
imported and exported goods.[90] However, it doesn't has commercial international flights owing
to the presence of an Air Force Base on the same runway which denied to extend watch hours
beyond 8pm.[91]
Chandigarh has scheduled commercial flights to major cities of India including Delhi, Mumbai,
Indore, Jaipur, Bangalore and Srinagar. Flights are available to Kullu-Manali also with
Himalayan Bulls. A new international terminal is under construction. International flights are
scheduled to ply from March 2015.[92]

Media
Newspapers
Chandigarh has numerous newspaper publications, television and radio stations. The most
famous languages for newspapers being English, Hindi and Punjabi. Popular English newspapers
are Hindustan Times, The Times of India, The Indian Express and The Tribune. Hindi
newspapers are also famous like Dainik Jagran, Amar Ujala, Dainik Bhaskar, Punjab Kesari and
Hindi edition of The Tribune. Several Punjabi newspapers like Ajit and Punjabi editions of other
newspapers. Magazines like Brunch, Champak are published with these newspapers.[93]

Television
Numerous Indian and international television channels can be watched in Chandigarh through
one of the Pay TV companies or the local cable television provider. There are many news
channels basically set-up in Chandigarh like News 24, PTC Punjabi.[94][95]

Radio stations
There are many radio stations in Chandigarh broadcasting on the FM band including Big FM,
Vividh Bharati etc.[96]

Entertainment

Sports

The Hockey Stadium, Sector 42

Chandigarh is home to numerous inter state sporting teams and other sporting franchises like
Kings XI Punjab of the Indian Premier League (IPL). The Sector 16 Stadium, owned by Haryana
Cricket Association, has been a venue of several international matches. But it has lost
prominence after the PCA Stadium was constructed in Mohali. It still provides a platform for
cricketers in this region to practice and play inter-state matches.[97]
The Chandigarh Golf Club has 7,202 yard, 18 hole course known for its challenging narrow
fairways, a long 613 yard long, dogleg 7th hole and floodlighting on the first nine holes.[98]
There are many other sports grounds and complex like the Lake Sports Complex; Sports
Complexes in Sectors 7, 42, 46; Table Tennis Hall, Sector 23; Hockey Centre, Sector 18;
Football Centre, Sector 17; Skating Rink, Sector 10 and so on. Many personalities from this
region have excelled in sports.[99]

Gardens
It has two gardens of international repute the Rock Garden of Chandigarh in sector 1 and the
Zakir Hussain Rose Garden in sector 16. The latter has the distinction of being the largest of its
kind in Asia.
Chandigarh has a belt of parks running from Sector to Sector. It is known for its green belts in
most of the sectors and other special tourist parks.[100] Sukhna Lake itself hosts a large number of
gardens, including the Garden of Silence.

Communications
Available internet providers in Chandigarh are: Bharti Airtel, Connect Broadband, Tata photon &
3G wireless internet, BSNL broadband, Reliance DSL and Airtel 4G wifi among others. Same
ISPs are serving in Mohali & Panchkula (other two cities of the Chandigarh Tricity).[101]

Notable people from Chandigarh

Milkha Singh, also known as the Flying Sikh, at Chandigarh Golf Club in 2012

Kirron Kher, Indian actress and theatre artist (also BJP M.P.)[102]

Milkha Singh Commonwealth gold medalist. Bhaag Milkha Bhaag is a 2013 film based
on his life. Jeev Milkha Singh is his son.[103][104]

Kapil Dev, former Indian international cricketer[105]

Jaspal Bhatti, Padma Bhushan Awardee, Film and TV Actor and renowned satirist[106]

Savita Bhatti, Film and TV Actress, Social Activist[107]

Yuvraj Singh, Indian international cricketer[108]

Gurleen Chopra, Punjabi actress[109]

Jeev Milkha Singh, professional Golfer[110]

Binny Bansal, Founder of Flipkart[111]

Sachin Bansal, Founder of Flipkart[112]

Sushma Swaraj, politician and Minister of External Affairs of India[113]

Sukhbir Singh Badal, Deputy Chief Minister of Punjab[114]

Mohit Sehgal, TV actor

Kulraj Randhawa, Punjabi Film Actress[115]

Ayushman Khurrana, Indian Film actor[116]

Gurbani Judge, MTV India VJ and actress[117]

Harita Kaur Deol, Pilot

Yami Gautam, Indian film actress

Surveen Chawla, Punjabi Film Actress

Gul Panag, Indian film actress and Social Activist[118]

Kapil Dev, former Indian international cricketer[105]

Abhinav Bindra, Olympic gold medalist[119]

Mahi Gill, Indian actress[120]

Navalpreet Rangi, documentary filmmaker

Neerja Bhanot, flight attendant and model[121]

Mukesh Gautam, Punjabi film director

Gajendra Pal Singh Raghava, Bioinformatics Scientist[122]

Dinesh Mongia, Indian international cricketer[123]

Ramesh Kumar Nibhoria, winner of Ashden Awards-UK[124]

Nek Chand Saini, Indian artist and creator of the Rock Garden of Chandigarh[125]

Sabeer Bhatia, Indian-American Entrepreneur who founded Hotmail[126]

Rochak Kohli, Music Composer, Singer, Lyricist

Sandesh Jhingan, Indian International Professional footballer

Gallery


The Open Hand Monument in Chandigarh

Punjab and Haryana High Court

Secretariat Building by Le Corbusier

Rock Garden

See also
Geography portal
Asia portal
South Asia portal

India portal
Haryana portal
Punjab portal
Chandigarh portal

India Wikipedia book

Ajitgarh

Panchkula

Ambala Chandigarh Expressway

Neyveli Township, a similarly planned city in Tamil Nadu, India

Notes
1.
Chandigarh being the capital of two states and union territory itself has different official
languages, Punjabi being the official language of Punjab and Hindi of Haryana.[4][5] However, the
Chandigarh departments mainly refer in English.
The lowest is Daman and Diu (618 females per thousand males) and second lowest is
Dadra and Nagar Haveli (774 females per thousand males).[35]
1.

The Member of Parliament from Chandigarh, however, opposes this and says
this project is not feasible for Chandigarh.[63]

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Further reading

Evenson, Norma. Chandigarh. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1966.

Sarbjit Bahga, Surinder Bahga (2014) Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret: The Indian
Architecture, CreateSpace, ISBN 978-1495906251

Joshi, Kiran. Documenting Chandigarh: The Indian Architecture of Pierre Jeanneret,

Edwin Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew. Ahmedabad: Mapin Publishing in association with
Chandigarh College of Architecture, 1999. ISBN 1-890206-13-X

Kalia, Ravi. Chandigarh: The Making of an Indian City. New Delhi: Oxford University
Press, 1999.

Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew. Chandigarh and Planning Development in India, London:
Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, No.4948, 1 April 1955, Vol. CIII, pages 315333. I.
The Plan, by E. Maxwell Fry, II. Housing, by Jane B. Drew.

Nangia, Ashish. Re-locating Modernism: Chandigarh, Le Corbusier and the Global

Postcolonial. PhD Dissertation, University of Washington, 2008.

Perera, Nihal. "Contesting Visions: Hybridity, Liminality and Authorship of the

Chandigarh Plan" Planning Perspectives 19 (2004): 175199

Prakash, Vikramaditya. Chandigarhs Le Corbusier: The Struggle for Modernity in

Postcolonial India. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002.

Sarin, Madhu. Urban Planning in the Third World: The Chandigarh Experience. London:
Mansell Publishing, 1982.

External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chandigarh.

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Chandigarh Administration Official Site

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Punjab and Haryana High Court at Chandigarh

District Courts Chandigarh

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