Tourism

ADVENTURE TOURISM MARKET
STUDY IN INDIA
Final Report
Submitted to
MINISTRY OF TOURISM
Government of India
Submitted by
October, 2016
Adventure Tourism Market Study in India Page 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are thankful to the Ministry of Tourism, Government of

India for assigning the Study on Adventure Tourism Market
Study in India. We are grateful to Shri Vinod Zutshi, IAS,
Secretary (Tourism), and Shri Udai Pratap Singh IAS,
Additional Secretary (Tourism) for extending their support.
We are also grateful to Dr. R.K. Bhatnagar Additional Director

General (MR), Smt. Mini Prasanna Kumar, Joint Director (MR),
Ms. Neha Srivastava, Deputy Director (MR), Shri Shailesh
Kumar, Dy. Director (MR) for providing us the necessary
guidance and periodical support for conducting the study.
We would also like to thank Shri S.K. Mohanta, DPA

(Grade’B’) - MR for providing us the required support and
help from time to time. We are also grateful to the officials of
ATOAI for their help and support during the course of the
study.
Last but not the least we would like to thank our entire team
of research professionals as well as our field team for keeping
up the momentum and time schedule of the study.
Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 2

Contents
I. Adventure Tourism in India .................................................................................................... 5
II. Approach & Methodology ........................................................................................................ 7
III. Sample Size ................................................................................................................................ 7
IV. Estimation Methodology For Preparation of Estimates of Adventure Tourists to States/
UTs ………………………………………………………………………………………………….8
V. Regions Covered........................................................................................................................ 9
VI. State Wise List of Adventure Tourism Destinations and Adventure Activities Practised:
10
VII. Monthly and Annual Estimates of Adventure Travellers in India in 2015 (Calendar
Year) 14
VIII. Adventure Tourist Survey Findings ...................................................................................... 30
IX. Assessment of Infrastructure at Destinations of Adventure Activities .............................. 32
X. State-Wise List of Tour Operators ........................................................................................ 35
XI. Market Size Of Adventure Tourism in India and Revenue Generated From Adventure
Tourism ................................................................................................................................................ 36
XII. Guidelines for Adventure Activities ...................................................................................... 40
XII.1 Safety Guidelines Of Ministry Of Tourism, Government Of India ...................................... 40
General Guidelines for All Adventure Sports ................................................................................ 40
Basic Minimum Standards for Land Based Activities .................................................................... 41
Basic Minimum Standards for Water Based Activities ................................................................ 43
Basic Minimum Standards for Air Based Activities ....................................................................... 46
XII.2 Some Examples of International Safety Guidelines ............................................................ 54
Australia: ....................................................................................................................................... 54
Canada: ......................................................................................................................................... 56
Chile: ............................................................................................................................................. 58
France:........................................................................................................................................... 58
Ireland: .......................................................................................................................................... 59
United Kingdom: ........................................................................................................................... 60
United States of America: ............................................................................................................. 61
XII.3 Assessment of Indian Guidelines as per International Standards ...................................... 61
XIII. State Wise List of Adventure Tourism Institutes ................................................................. 63
XIV. List of Adventure Tourism Instructors ................................................................................. 66
XV. List of Adventure Tourism Equipment Manufacturers ...................................................... 69
XVI. Survey Findings of The Study of Tour Operators and Other Service Providers .............. 69
XVII. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 75
XVIII. Popular Adventure Activities in India vis-à-vis World ....................................................... 77

XIX. Way Forward .......................................................................................................................... 84
Table 1 Sample Size Calcualtion .............................................................................................................. 8

Table 2 State-Wise List of Adevtnure Destinations and Adventure Activities ...................................... 10
Table 3 Month Wise Tourists Sent by Tour Operators ......................................................................... 15
Table 4 State Wise Ratios of Tourists Self Booking of Adventure Tourism Activities ........................... 17
Table 5 Month Wise Estimated Tourist Visits for Adventure Tourism – January to June 2015 ........... 18
Table 6 Month Wise Estimated Tourist Visits for Adventure Tourism – July to December 2015 ........ 19
Table 7 Annual Estimates of Adventure Tourist Visits .......................................................................... 20
Table 8 Annual Estimates of Land based Activity-Wise & State-Wise Adventure Tourist Visits .......... 21
Table 9 Annual Estimates of Air based Activity-Wise & State-Wise Adventure Tourist Visits ............. 24
Table 10 Annual Estimates of Water based Activity-Wise & State-Wise Adventure Tourist Visits ...... 26
Table 11 Annual Estimates of Adventure Tourist Visits in terms of Origin (Domestic & Foreigner) .... 28
Table 12 Annual Estimates of Adventure Tourist Visits in terms of Stay (Overnight & Same Day) ...... 29
Table 13 Sample Size Covered in Adventure Tourist Sample Survey.................................................... 30
Table 14 Infrastructure Assessment for Adventure Tourism................................................................ 32
Table 15 State Wise Number of Adventure Tour Operators ................................................................ 35
Table 16 State Wise Market Size of Adventure Tourism ...................................................................... 36
Table 17 State Wise Market Size of Adventure Tourism in terms of Revenue Earned from Domestic
and International Adventure Tourist Visits ........................................................................................... 38
Table 18 State Wise List of Adventure Tourism Institutes .................................................................... 63
Table 19 List of Adventure Tourism Associations (Local) ..................................................................... 63
Table 20 List of Adventure Tourism Instructors.................................................................................... 66

I. Adventure Tourism in India
Tourism remains one of the largest employers’ accounting for 9% of global GDP and
accounts for one in every 11 jobs1. Adventure tourism is a niche tourism activity
involving exploration or travel to remote area, where the traveller should expect the
unexpected. Adventure tourism has grown exponentially worldwide over the past
few years. Tourists explore new destinations looking for rare, incomparable
experiences. Adventure tourism can be domestic or international, and like all travel
must include an overnight stay, but not last longer than one year.
To date no definition of adventure tourism exists in UNWTO literature; however, the

Adventure Travel Trade Association (ATTA) defines adventure tourism as a trip that
includes at least two of the following three elements: physical activity, natural
environment and cultural immersion. While the definition of adventure tourism only
requires two of these components, trips incorporating all three tend to afford
tourists the fullest adventure travel experience2.
Adventure tourism is resilient, supports local economies, attracts high value

customers and encourages sustainable practices. Adventure activities can be
localised in a particular place or could be extended over a region defined across a
district in a particular state or across states. Similarly, the activities could vary greatly
among tourists based on interests, inclinations and physical capacities. Adventure is
identified in terms of two main categories – hard & soft adventure. Both activities
are highly lucrative segments.
The Terms of Reference (TOR) of the Study is as follows:
i. Prepare a frame/ list of all Adventure tourist places, along with the activities
preformed there, in the Country (State/UT-wise list)
ii. Formulate a methodology for preparation of month wise and annual estimates of
the domestic and foreign tourists visiting to the States/ UTs for adventure purpose.
iii. Provide monthly and annual estimates of number of domestic and foreign
adventure tourists.
iv. Provide the following details (separately for foreign and domestic visitors with
break –up of overnight tourists & same day visitors at state level):
 Total no. of overnight tourists and expenditure incurred by them

1
UNWTO, “Global Report on Adventure Tourism”, Volume Nine, 2014
2
 Total number of same day visitors and expenditure incurred by them
 Profiling the tourists /visitors at state level in respect of age, sex, occupation,
type of activity among various adventure activities, State /UT of residence (for
domestic), country of origin (for foreigners), duration of stay, mode of journey
within country, use of package tour with appropriate detailing etc.
v. Assess the availability of infrastructure at destinations
vi. Prepare Statewise Adventure activity- wise list of Tour Operators
vii. Assess the availability of Guidelines regarding safety norms for various adventure
activities and international standard of these guidelines.
viii. Listing of Adventure Tourism Institutes and instructor state wise.
ix. Listing of Adventure equipments manufactures
x. Recommendations on the action points, if any
 Why focus on Adventure Tourism?
In 2012, global tourism arrivals passed the one billion mark. As one of the fastest
growing segments adventure tourism arrivals increased as well. In 2010, ATTA, the
George Washington University (GWU) and Xola Consulting, conducted the first
market sizing study. The global value of adventure tourism was pegged at USD 89
million. In 2013, it was found that there was an increase of 195% in two years,
making the sector worth USD 263 million. It was found in the study that 42% of
travellers departed on adventure trips3.
The UNWTO predicts, by 2013, arrivals in emerging economies will exceed those in
emerging economies, which will further increase to 57% arrivals in emerging
economies by 2030. This provides a sea of opportunities for India, which has
unparalleled destinations for exploration and experience. India offers soft and hard
adventure activities that can be carried out by any traveller. Adventure tourists also
follow cultural and environmental aspects of destinations they visit. These can
greatly aide economic opportunities of local people in rural and remote communities
in India. The best examples of which can be found in Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim,
North East India, etc. Apart from sustainable development of local communities
adventure tourism also brings in socio-economic and cultural development in the
region.
3
 Who is an Adventure Traveler?
Adventure tourism is a vibrant, dynamic and fast-changing sector. Adventure

activities around the world are many and varied adapted to available local resources
and entrepreneurship. Across the globe tourist’s visit destinations for variety of
purposes. Tourists could be adventure enthusiasts for a particular sport or activity,
hence seeking adventure trip after trip or maybe, seeking a new activity in every trip,
while newer exploring destinations.
Adventurers could be extreme adventurers, who may not seek commercial support
to practice an activity, and may look for difficult inaccessible locations. The
Adventure Tourism market Study 2013 further highlights the age of adventure
travellers is younger than non-adventure travellers with an average of 36.
II. Approach& Methodology
The study mainly targeted tour operators and tourists from various states and
destinations that undertake adventure tourism activities. Face-to-face interviews
have been the primary tool to collect information from target respondents in the
study. Separate questionnaires were designed for tour operators, tourists and
equipment providers. The questionnaires were finalised in consultation with the
Ministry of Tourism officials working for the study and ATOAI officials associated
with the study. The interviews were conducted by Nielsen field staff, supervisors and
research team members at the various destinations where adventure activities are
being undertaken. In-depth discussions were carried out with tour operators who
are the primary respondents of the study to understand the market size of
adventure tourism in India. Interviews with tourists were also carried out at the
respective destinations. The team has attempted to meet and interview adventure
tourists in most cases to understand the activity being undertaken and the reasons
for choosing India or the specific destination for their visit.
III. Sample Size
The sample size of adventure tourists that were interviewed for this study is 57600 in
total (400 per state per quarter). The sample size here could not be broken down by
months as adventure tourism is very seasonal in nature and different destinations in
a single state catered to different adventure activities at different times of the year.
Hence the sample coverage for profiles of adventure tourists was as follows:

 List of adventure destinations state wise that has been developed were further
strengthened with seasonality of the adventure activity and the months of
practice of each adventure activity
 The sample for each state for the study was 1600 (400 per state per quarter).
This sample was distributed amongst all the forms of activity and the
destinations equally. This was done for all the states in the list of adventure
tourism destinations. The sample for a destination and for a single adventure
activity in that destination was distributed equally amongst the months when
that particular activity was practised. For example:
Table 1 Sample Size Calcualtion
State Destinations Activities Months of Activity Sample Size

S1 D1 X11 M1 400
S1 D1 X12 M1 400
S1 D2 X21 M12 400
S1 D2 X22 M2 400
S2 D1 X11 M1 800
M2 800
Then destinations were visited during the months of adventure tourism activity and
sample of adventure tourists were randomly selected for face to face interviews.
IV. Estimation Methodology For Preparation of Estimates of

Adventure Tourists to States/ UTs
The source of information for the estimation of tourists was the discussions with the
adventure tour operators and the adventure tourist profiling study. This is so
because an adventure tourist might be visiting and taking part in an adventure
activity through a tour operator and also the adventure tourist might be planning
and undertaking the adventure activity by himself (including spot booking done by
the tourist). The step by step methodology for the estimation procedure of
adventure tourists is as follows:
 The list of adventure tour operators was prepared and after discussions with
state tourism officials and associations of adventure tour operators, the list was
finalized with required additions and deletions
 Data on adventure tourists in the last calendar year (January 2015 to December
2015) from each of the tour operators was collected from all the tour operators.
This provided the number of adventure tourists who planned their trip through

tour operators in the last calendar year. Let XA denote the number of adventure
tourists to state A who went through tour operators
 The information on adventure tourists who planned their own trip (including
spot booking done by the tourist) was used from the primary profiling study of
adventure tourists as adventure tourism destinations. Adventure tourists at
adventure tourism destinations were asked whether they planned their
adventure trip on their own or through tour operators. This information was
collated for the entire state. Let the proportion of adventure tourists planning
their own trip in state A be YA
 Hence, in state A, let ZA be the estimated number of adventure tourists.

Therefore,
ZA= {(XA*YA)/ (1-YA)} + XA
 In state B, Let ZBbe the estimated number of adventure tourists. Therefore,
ZB= {(XB*YB)/ (1-YB)} + XB
 Therefore the estimated number of adventure tourists for India is
∑Z= ZA+ZB+ZC+……..
V. Regions Covered
The study covered all states having adventure tour activities and sports.
The destinations were identified in the course of secondary research conducted by

the research teams. A list if destinations and activities being undertaken at the
destination is given below.

VI. State Wise List of Adventure Tourism Destinations and
Adventure Activities Practised:
Table 2State-Wise List of Adevtnure Destinations and Adventure Activities
Zone State Tour Destination Visited Activity

Operators
Location
NORTH Jammu & Leh, Leh, Sangam, Zanskar, Trekking, Mountaineering, Water
ZONE Kashmir Srinagar& Chilling, Spituk, Nimo, Rafting, Cycling, Motorbike
Jammu Lamayuru, Markha, Stok tour,Moutain Biking, Camping,
Kangri, Nubra, Sam, Canoeing, Kayaking, Paragliding, Rock
Tsomoriri, Sonamarg, climbing, Yak safari, Horse Riding,
Pahalgam, Srinagar, Hiking, Wildlife, Jeep Safari, Skiing,
Kargil, Gulmarg, Yusmarg, Angling, House boat & Heli- skiing.
Doodhpathri, Veriag,
Kokerag, Manasbal,
Lolab, Gurez, Pangong,
Hemis National park.
Himachal Manali, Kullu, Kullu, Manali, Solang Trekking, Mountaineering, Camping,
Pradesh Shimla, Valley, Bir Billing, Paragliding, Parasailing, Cycling, Rock
Kangra&Dhar Dharamshala, and climbing, River rafting, Heli skiing,
amshala LahaulSpiti, Chamba, Motorbike tour,Moutain biking, Bike
Kangra, Kufri, Narkanda, tour, Kayaking, Canoeing, Jeep safari,
Hanuman Tibba, Rohtang Skiing & Angling
Pass, DeoTibba and
Chandrakhani Pass,
Chil&Dalhousi
Delhi Delhi Surajkund Bike tours, Artificial Wall Climbing
Uttarakhand Dehradun, Rishikesh, Mussoorie, Trekking, Mountaineering,Water
Rishikesh,Har Pithoragarh, Nainital, rafting, Bungee jumping, Biking,
idwar&Nanit Dhanaulti, Naukuchiatal, Cycling, Camping, Parasailing,
al BedniBugyal, Auli, Paragliding, Motorbike tour, Horse
Mundali, Munsiyari, Safari, Wildlife, Skiing, Jeep safari, Rock
DayaraBugyal, Jim climbing, Mountain Biking& Heli skiing.
Corbett National Park,
Raja ji National park, Har-
Ki-Doon& Kana Tal.
Rajasthan Jaipur, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Hot Air Balloons, Wildlife Safari, Camel
Jodhpur & Jaisalmer, Udaipur , Safaris, Motorbike tour, Trekking,
Jaisalmer Chittorgarh, Cycling, Jeep Safaris, Parasailing, Rock
Bijapur,Ranthambore, climbing, Artificial Wall Climbing,
Pali,Bikaner, Elephant & Horse Safari.
Mandua(Sekhawati)
Uttar Pradesh Agra&Luckow Agra, Katerniagat, Hot air balooning, Wildlife safari,
Chambal Artificial Wall Climbing
WEST Maharashtra Mumbai, Chandrapur, Alibag Trekking, Hiking, Camping, Paragliding,

ZONE Pune, (Kashid), Kolad, Tarkarli, Cycling, Parasailing, Bungee jumping,
Lonavala, Ganpatiphule, Kamshet, Water Rafting, Rappling, Hot air
Kohlapur, Punchgani, MalshegGhat, balloon, Scuba-diving, Bike tour, Rock
Sindhudurg, Karjat, Mahableshwar, climbing, Snorkeling, Artificial Wall
Nasik & Matheran, Panhala Fort, Climbing, Sky driving &Hang Gliding.
Aurangabad Chikhaldhara, Rajmachi

Operators
Location
Madhya Bhopal, Bandhavgarh, Wildlife, Camping, Jeep
Pradesh Indore, Panchmarhi, safaris,Parasailing, Paragliding, Hot Air
Jabalpur, KanhaNatioal park, Balloons, Rappling, Water sports,
Gwalior Shivpuri, Pench, Panna, Water Rafting, Trekking, Hiking& Rock
&Mandla Satpura, Kerwa lake, climbing.
Orchha, Pipariya, Bargi
dam, Jabalpur, Betwa,
Narmada river side,
Bhopal &Tikamgarh
Goa Panaji Calangute, Mogore, Bunjee Jumping, Trekking, Wildlife,
&Margaon Candolin, Palolim, Water skiing, Surfing, Parasailing,
Novem, Arpora, Divar Paragliding, Elephant safari, jeep safari,
island, Bagha, Grande House boat stays, Rafting, Cycling
island, Sao George island, Snorkeling, kayaking, Camping, Biking
Arambol, Benaulim, & Scuba diving.
Chapora river, Valpoi
river, Choraopomburpa,
Dudhsagar fall. Mullem
national park,
Cotigaonwildlife,Monkey
beach,
Britona&Bhagmalo
Gujarat Ahmedabad, Pavagadh, Gir National Rock climbing, Wildlife, Paragliding
Surat, park, Saputara, festival (1st nov to 31st Jan), Trekking&
Vadodara, AhmedpurMandvi, water spots
Rajkot & Nargol, Tithal,
Jamnagar. Chorwad&Dummas.
Chhattisgarh Raipur Gadiya, KilaDongri, Trekking, wildlife & jeep safari.
Udantisitanadi sanctuary.
SOUTH Andhra Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Bhongir, Sri Wildlife Safari, Rock Climbing,
ZONE Pradeh/Teleng Visakhapatna venkateswara/ Indira Parasailing (Lumbini park), Water
ana m &Tirupati Gandhi Zoological park, sports, Trekking, Hiking, Trekking,
Vizag, Vikarabad, Arku Caving, Camping, Water skiing &
valley, Ahobilam, Boating.
Talakona, Kadalivanam,
Kondamadugu,
Ananthagiri, Srisailam,
Horselly Hills, Bhavani
Island & Nalgonda.
Kerala Kochi, Kochi, Wildlife Safari, Trekking, Cycling,
Thiruvananth Thiruvananthapuram, Paragliding, Parasailing, Hiking, House
apuram, Munnar,Varkala Beach, Boat stays, Camping, Rock Climbing,
Munnar, Payyambalam Beach and Canoeing, Kayaking, Sailing,
Alappuzha Alappuzha Beach, waterskiing, white water rafting, wind
Agasthyakoodam, surfing, scuba diving & motorbike tour.
Eruthavoor, Thenmala,
Periyar wildlife sanctuary,
Wayanad wildlife
sanctuary,
KovalamVagamon,
Varkala, Idukki,
Kozhikode,
Ponmudi&Kasargod.

Operators
Location
Karnataka Bangalore, Bangalore, Mysore, Trekking & camping, Rafting, Rock
Mysore & Mangalore, Ramanagara, climbing, Bunjee Jumping, Hiking, Hot
Mangalore Dandeli, Coorg, Gokarna, air ballooning , Mountain biking,
Karwar, Anthrange, Angling, Diving, Snorkeling, Artificial
Bheemeshwari, Wall Climbing, cycling, Hang Gliding,
Devarayanadurga, Microlight flying, Scuba diving,
Madhugiri, Nandi hills, Parasailing, Jetski ride.
Shivaganga,
Mullayanagiri,
Brahmagiri, Tadiyadamol,
Dubare, Murudeshwara,
Malpe&Murudeshwar
Tamilnadu Chennai, Nilgiris, Ooty, Annamalai, Trekking, Camping, Hang-Gliding,
Coimbatore, Elagiri, Kodaikanalare, Hiking, Paragliding, Angling, Canoeing,
Madurai, Siruvani, Topslip, Vaideki, Kayaking, Rock Climbing, Artificial Wall
Salem &Ooty Perumalmalai, Thalaiyar, Climbing, cycling, Water sport.
Kodaikaal, Manapad,
Muttukadu,Mudaliar&Yel
agiri.
Andaman & Port blair Port blair, Havelock Scuba-diving, Snorkeling, Trekking &
Nicobar island, Cinque island, Camping,Sail boats, Para sailing, Water
Baratang island, Neil scooters, rowing boats, kayaks, paddle
island, Long island, boats, water skiing& boat safari.
Chidiyatapu, Ross island
& Viper island.
Lakshadweep Kavarathi, Kavaratti, Kadmat, Scuba-diving, water skiing, kayaking,
Agatti Bangaram, Thinnakara& Surfing & Canoeing
Minicoy.
EAST Arunachal Itanagar,Bhal Nam-da-pa, Bomdila,- Mountaineering, Wildlife Safaris,

ZONE Pradesh ukpung, Tawang, Kameng, Sepa, Trekking, Camping & River Rafting.
Bomdila&Na Bhalukpung, Subansiri,
harlagun. Sing, Dibang, Along,
Daporijo,
Pasighat&Mechhuka
Assam Guwahati, Bhalupung, Kaziranga Angling, Trekking, Rafting, Rock
Dibrugarh National Park, Nameri, Climbing, Wildlife, Jeep Safaris,
&Tezpur. Manas National Park, Boating,Elephant Safari, Motor Bike
Samuri, Dibrugarh, Tours, Hot Air Ballooning & river
Tezpur, Bhoroli, Kapili, cruising.
Ninging, Dhubri, Hajo,
Saulkuchi, Barpeta,
Guwahati, JiaBhoroli,
Cachar Hills, Karbi Hills,
Kamakhya Hills, Orang
National Park,SonaiRupai
Wildlife Sanctuary, Milroy
Sanctuary, Laokhowa
Wildlife Sanctuary,
Pobitora Wildlife
Sanctuary, Namber
Wildlife Sanctuary
&PaniDihing Wildlife
Sanctuary.

Operators
Location
Sikkim Gangtok Dzongory, Trekking, Rock Climbing, Paragliding,
LavataruinNorth Sikkim, River Rafting, Mountaineering, Cycling,
Green Lake, Banjari wildlife, Yak safari & Mountain biking.
Waterfalls, Rangpumali,
Sleep Junky,RangpoMalli,
FambongLho,
Kanchendzonga,
Pemayangtse,
Khechopalri, Yuksum,
Tsokha, Dzongri,
Thangshing, Zemathang,
Chaurigang, Tashiding,
Varsey, Yangang,
Rabongla, Sang &Sikip,
Makha, Sirwani,
Bardang&Goechala.
Meghalaya Shillong Living Root Bridge, Rafting, Trekking, Caving, Kayaking,
Kyllang Rock, David Scott Canoeing, Parasailing, water skiing,
Trail, Sohpet-bneng, Agling, Mount biking & Rappelling.
Cherrapunjee, Pynursula,
Umiam, Sohra,
KremUmshyrpi,
KremMawmluh,
KremPhyllut,
KremLiatPrah,
Mawsynram, Siju, East
Khasi Hills, South Garo
Hills & Jaintia Hills.
Mizoram Aizol Tamdil lake, Pukzing, Trekking, Mountaieering, Boating,
Lamisial, Angling, Camping, Caving, Artificial
ThalazaungKhamm, Wall Climbing
Mount Mawma, Mount
Kahrie, Saiha, Champai,
Luglei, Phawangpui Peak,
Lamsial caves,
KungawrhiPuk Cave
&MiluPuk cave
Tripura Agartala Dasharath Dev Stadium, Artificial Wall Climbing, Wildlife,
Sepahijala Wild Life, Boating
Trishna Wild Life
Sanctuary, Rowa,
Sepahijala, Trishna,
Gumti, Dumboor
Lake&Rudrasagar Lake.
Manipur Imphal Ziribam, Ukrul, Chandel, Mountaineering, Trekking,Wildlife,
Loktak lake, Barak river, Rock climbing, Hiking, Caving, Hang
KeibulLamjao National gliding, Paragliding, Artificial Wall
Park, Mount Iso, Dzuko Climbing& water rafting.
Valley, Tharon, Koirengei,
Khangkhui, Nongmaiching
foot-hills at Wakha,
Tonglon, Zeilad Wildlife
Sanctuary &Makhel
Nagaland Kohima Intanki Wildlife Trekking, Angling, Camping, Wildlife

Operators
Location
Sanctuary, Mokokchung,
Satoi Range,
DzukouValley, Twensang,
Saramati Peak, Japfu
Peak, Mount Tiyi, Patkai
Hills, Mokokchung, Satoi
Range, Fakim Sanctuary
&Pungro.
West Bengal Kolkata, Darjeeling, Sundabans, Wildlife, boating,anglingTrekking,
Darjeeling, Sadakphu, Tiger Hill, Rafting, Cycling, Biking, Kayaking,
new Singalila,Neora Valley Canoeing, Water skiing, para-sailing,
Jalpaiguri National Park, water zorbing, snorkelling, mountain
Sunderbans, Jaldapara biking & Rock Climbing.
Wildlife Sanctuary,
Bakkhali beach,
Sagardwipbeach,Digha,
Tajpur, Mongpu,
Kalimpong, Mirik,
Shushunia&Teesta.
Odisha Bhubaneswar BhitaraKanika, Wildlife, boat cruse, Cycling, Rock-
, Cuttack & Nandankanan, Satkosia, climbing, Trekking, Rappelling, Para,
Puri. Simlipal National park, White water Rafting, Kayaking &
Badarama, Balukhand, Parasailing, Scuba diving, snorkeling,
Baisipalli, Chilika, rafting & wind surfing.
Ramchandi beach
VII. Monthly and Annual Estimates of Adventure Travellers in India

in 2015 (Calendar Year)
As per the methodology for estimation of adventure tourists, the estimation of

adventure tourists was done on the basis of the number of tourists tour operators
send for adventure tourism purposesto various states of India and also on the basis
of the ratio of tourists that plan their trip themselves (including spot booking done
by the tourist) to the those who use a tour operator for adventure tourism purposes
(from the tourist survey at adventure tourism destinations in the states of India).
For this purpose, data of tourists sent by tour houses for adventure tourism in the
calendar year 2015 to all over India was collected and the data is presented below.

Table 3Month Wise Tourists Sent by Tour Operators
State Month Wise Tourists Sent by Tour Operators

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Andhra Pradesh /
3961 2014 2718 5190 8729 4006 3248 2028 3298 7427 3781 5800
Telengana
Andaman
1148 1017 815 1475 2203 1983 947 630 796 4452 1486 801
Nicobar
Arunachal
10378 4465 14783 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11313 13348
Pradesh
Assam 15170 5658 16054 2622 283 0 0 0 3815 18101 12836 25422
Goa 25557 8806 10184 14158 11265 4921 4344 5091 6563 21676 24790 37131
Gujarat 403 217 295 570 368 272 258 323 285 624 368 552
Haryana 0 0 42 182 381 203 76 0 0 186 84 55
Himachal
7332 6333 11167 114972 162300 100889 12980 9453 7600 67794 8484 16629
Pradesh
Jammu &
1314 1523 6227 44768 43414 47750 28582 13259 14807 9247 1499 1266
Kashmir
Jharkhand 533 793 1164 1183 1016 1070 736 816 778 985 921 981
Karnataka 4379 5167 6259 3241 8069 4514 2560 3477 5518 6756 7557 8550
Kerala 9228 7925 9241 11443 16936 10091 7294 2685 3081 15019 8094 13480
Madhya Pradesh 13963 11535 10181 8455 11853 2907 1457 1150 965 9794 10458 15144
Maharashtra 16470 14745 9121 13973 20716 37183 27160 24966 7931 20642 22520 29519
Manipur 1082 564 726 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 756 1197
Meghalaya 579 539 1285 62 51 69 51 88 72 679 509 371
Mizoram 54 127 195 30 171 45 0 0 12 33 78 109
Lakshadweep 41 25 20 31 0 0 0 0 0 53 47 63
Nagaland 2012 1502 1093 799 0 0 0 0 0 190 2892 4944

State Month Wise Tourists Sent by Tour Operators
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Odisha 2724 3263 1985 3032 6196 319 393 269 287 5741 3068 5012
Puducherry 2206 2329 2210 2996 6251 4682 3216 2699 2560 5036 4026 2587
Rajasthan 23843 21731 20417 9743 4202 796 1304 1500 2586 32488 10112 23646
Sikkim 0 0 11646 5467 4202 0 0 0 7565 10871 10327 8815
Tamil Nadu 4935 4542 4025 4315 4631 2541 2387 2207 2316 2432 3249 5027
Uttar Pradesh 368 1075 1934 0 0 0 0 0 0 755 480 470
Uttarakhand 11529 10594 22164 206028 193286 176731 5724 4332 32662 65651 28100 42471
West Bengal 635 1458 32443 12740 11982 3791 0 0 1279 19953 10766 5652
Total 159844 117947 198394 467475 518505 404763 102717 74973 104776 326585 188601 269042
The ratio of adventure tourists who planned their adventure trip through tour operators to adventure tourists, who planned their adventure
trip on their own (including spot booking done by the tourist themselves), was obtained from the adventure tourist survey conducted at the
adventure destinations of all the states and Union territories of India. The ratios obtained are presented below.

Table 4State Wise Ratios of Tourists Self Booking of Adventure Tourism Activities
State Annual Ratio

Andhra Pradesh/Telengana 0.08
Andaman Nicobar 0.05
Arunachal Pradesh 0.12
Assam 0.15
Goa 0.17
Gujarat 0.18
Haryana 0.15
Himachal Pradesh 0.04
Jammu & Kashmir 0.06
Jharkhand 0.20
Karnataka 0.19
Kerala 0.08
Madhya Pradesh 0.12
Maharashtra 0.05
Manipur 0.18
Meghalaya 0.13
Mizoram 0.63
Lakshadweep 0.00
Nagaland 0.22
Odisha 0.15
Puducherry 0.02
Rajasthan 0.18
Sikkim 0.02
Tamil Nadu 0.12
Uttar Pradesh 0.18
Uttarakhand 0.07
West Bengal 0.11
Hence the monthly estimates of the adventure travellers in India for the calendar
year of 2015 are presented below. Please note that since adventure activities of the
states is a seasonal one hence monthly ratios were not derived from the adventure
tourist survey at the destinations and annual ratios for the respective states were
used for arriving at the monthly estimates of adventure tourists in India for the
calendar year of 2015.

Table 5Month Wise Estimated Tourist Visits for Adventure Tourism – January to
June 2015
State wise Tourist arrivals Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Andhra Pradesh /
4353 2290 3044 5763 9466 4277
Telengana
Andaman Nicobar 1333 1366 1136 1929 2341 2161
Arunachal Pradesh 12073 5100 16935 2230 1870 0
Assam 18811 6883 18978 3257 288 0
Goa 32188 9941 11857 17868 13498 5420
Gujarat 521 268 361 722 478 353
Haryana 0 0 50 214 444 240
Himachal Pradesh 7499 6613 11758 120721 169997 104975
Jammu & Kashmir 1391 1625 6655 46804 45612 50135
Jharkhand 640 978 1451 1489 1271 1361
Karnataka 5310 6307 7692 4006 10133 5616
Kerala 9684 8654 10219 12274 17788 10727
Madhya Pradesh 16880 13697 11589 9961 13858 3077
Maharashtra 17512 15673 9844 14730 21427 37631
Manipur 1300 685 883 33 42 0
Meghalaya 695 610 1395 150 173 69
Mizoram 201 278 328 153 293 45
Lakshadweep 41 25 20 31 0 0
Nagaland 2599 1952 1433 1059 28 0
Odisha 3217 4036 2330 3670 7823 347
Puducherry 2250 2367 2250 3039 6366 4720
Rajasthan 29967 27165 25483 12241 5420 960
Sikkim 134 301 11834 5661 4384 0
Tamil Nadu 5594 5230 4607 5019 5549 2860
Tripura 37 45 86 92 43 0
Uttar Pradesh 440 1353 2418 0 0 0
Uttarakhand 14291 13256 47279 237534 318223 196762
West Bengal 6155 4543 38781 17866 17002 3850
Total 195116 141241 250696 528516 673817 435586

Table 6Month Wise Estimated Tourist Visits for Adventure Tourism – July to
December 2015
State wise Tourist arrivals Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Andhra Pradesh /
3449 2223 3487 8069 4126 6279
Telengana
Andaman Nicobar 981 639 993 4944 1835 1499
Assam 0 0 4450 21384 14877 30686
Goa 5176 6240 7858 27454 31045 46585
Gujarat 290 374 329 756 467 668
Haryana 88 0 0 214 100 66
Jammu & Kashmir 30179 14258 15784 9796 1624 1357
Jharkhand 941 1051 1000 1241 1144 1220
Karnataka 3129 4292 6935 8554 9494 10568
Kerala 8208 2941 3377 16717 8663 14805
Madhya Pradesh 1509 1229 1012 11338 12447 17792
Maharashtra 27656 25407 8492 21922 24398 31787
Manipur 0 0 0 28 923 1459
Meghalaya 51 88 72 798 579 449
Mizoram 0 0 12 106 193 291
Nagaland 0 0 0 260 3744 6412
Odisha 405 306 331 7307 3719 6303
Puducherry 3286 2767 2597 5104 4087 2673
Rajasthan 1559 1800 2893 40663 12648 28429
Sikkim 0 0 7712 11128 10509 8965
Tamil Nadu 2733 2526 2509 2700 3685 5829
Tripura 0 0 0 102 56 122
Uttar Pradesh 0 0 0 943 533 576
Uttarakhand 8468 5872 37061 80304 32909 51539
West Bengal 0 0 2385 24211 13412 17998
Total 111824 82008 117341 377880 218788 326601

Hence the annual estimate of the adventure travellers in India for the calendar year
of 2015 is presented below.
Table 7Annual Estimates of Adventure Tourist Visits
States Annual Estimated Adventure Tourist Visits

Andhra Pradesh/Telengana 56826
Andaman Nicobar 21157
Arunachal Pradesh 67249
Assam 119614
Goa 215130
Gujarat 5587
Haryana 1416
Himachal Pradesh 549774
Jammu & Kashmir 225220
Jharkhand 13787
Karnataka 82036
Kerala 124057
Madhya Pradesh 114389
Maharashtra 256479
Manipur 5353
Meghalaya 5129
Mizoram 1900
Lakshadweep 280
Nagaland 17487
Odisha 39794
Puducherry 41506
Rajasthan 189228
Sikkim 60628
Tamil Nadu 48841
Tripura 583
Uttar Pradesh 6263
Uttarakhand 1043498
West Bengal 146203
Total 3459414

The annual estimate of the adventure travellers in India by adventure activity (land Based, Air Based and Water Based) for the calendar year
of 2015 is presented below.
Table 8Annual Estimates of Land based Activity-Wise & State-Wise Adventure Tourist Visits
State Land Based

wise Trekki Zip Roc Mou Arti Sno Mot Abse Rapp All Elep Skiin Cycli Pai Self Wildl Cavi Ca Bung Hel Mo
Tourist ng wire k ntain fici w or iling ellin Terra hant g ng nt Drive ife/ ng mp ee i- unt
arrivals s& Cli eerin al boar Bike g in /Ca Ball tours Jeep ing Jump skii ain
high mb g/Hi Wa ding tours Vehi mel/ Safar ing ng Biki
Rope ing king ll cle Hors is ng
cour Cli e/Ya
se mb k
ing Safar
is
Andhra 3032 0 238 0 341 0 2835 0 726 0 0 0 2511 233 0 7913 696 686 0 0 0
Pradesh/ 3 2 5
Telengan
a
Andaman 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nicobar
Arunachal 17420 0 111 58 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2061 0 0 2065 0 155 0 0 0
Pradesh 2 4 27
Assam 2288 0 613 266 0 0 988 0 0 0 2351 0 0 0 0 7282 0 687 0 0 0
3 0
Goa 1019 0 0 0 0 0 7124 0 0 0 1821 0 0 0 0 2329 0 732 0 0 0
6 5
Gujurat 504 0 286 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 979 0 0 3325 0 0 0 0 0
Haryana 0 0 141 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1247 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0
Himachal 24647 2894 661 247 419 163 6752 990 1022 219 8527 1321 5927 0 512 2034 0 188 0 77 399
Pradesh 1 2 5 5 405 5

State Land Based
cour Cli e/Ya
se mb k
ing Safar
is
Jammu & 10491 1595 222 141 163 95 7289 736 1071 181 3013 121 2376 0 517 668 0 824 0 55 217
Kashmir 6 4 9 49 2
Jharkhan 550 0 360 0 0 0 0 315 351 0 0 0 1097 0 0 1111 0 0 0 0 0
d 4
Karnatak 6657 0 860 0 114 0 690 0 0 672 0 0 1305 127 0 6271 0 179 662 0 0
a 4 1 8 8
Kerala 4389 0 573 0 839 0 921 0 0 0 0 0 2406 104 0 3028 0 114 0 0 0
1 4
Madhya 3379 0 286 0 552 0 0 563 493 0 0 0 284 509 0 6444 0 376 0 0 0
Pradesh 2
Maharast 10143 0 241 0 306 0 4363 694 842 0 0 0 7741 499 624 1609 0 127 567 0 0
ra 8 7 3 1 4 69
Manipur 376 0 337 97 184 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3935 0 0 0 0 0
Meghalay 897 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1694 0 0 0 0
a
Mizoram 305 0 0 105 311 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 859 139 65 0 0 0
Lakshadw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
eep
Nagaland 238 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1702 0 229 0 0 0
0
Odisha 652 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1862 0 0 3117 0 0 0 0 0

State Land Based
cour Cli e/Ya
se mb k
ing Safar
is
4
Puducher 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4274 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ry
Rajasthan 5150 0 299 0 108 0 891 0 0 0 3646 0 2050 541 620 1244 0 155 0 0 0
6 9 34 93
Sikkim 7531 0 746 122 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4586 0 0 296 0 0 0 0 0
4
Tamilnad 2587 0 657 0 227 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4171 152 0 2044 0 0 0 0 0
u 7 5 9
Tripura 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 583 0 0 0 0 0
Uttar 0 0 0 0 157 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4522 0 0 0 0 0
Pradesh 5
Uttarakha 20762 0 213 196 168 180 2615 766 710 0 0 1115 1304 0 0 9085 0 143 1714 0 460
nd 3 2 5 1 55 5
West 16852 0 0 0 602 0 376 0 0 0 0 0 3053 437 0 7498 0 0 0 0 0
Bengal 1
Total 54741 4489 287 1232 225 438 3484 4064 5215 1072 7334 2557 6097 126 2273 6755 2529 341 1837 132 662
3 57 61 4 3 5 50 21 436 4 7

Table 9Annual Estimates of Air based Activity-Wise & State-Wise Adventure Tourist Visits
Air Based
State wise Tourist
arrivals Parasailing Sky Diving Hang Gliding Paragliding Hot Air Ballooing Ultra Light flying
Andhra
436 0 0 0 350 367
Pradesh/Telengana
Andaman Nicobar 4454 0 0 0 0 0
Assam 0 0 0 0 0 0
Goa 140314 0 0 8943 6632 0
Gujurat 493 0 0 0 0 0
Haryana 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jammu & Kashmir 0 0 0 455 0 0
Jharkhand 0 0 0 0 0 0
Karnataka 1329 0 0 430 616 0
Kerala 1387 0 0 556 498 0
Madhya Pradesh 3336 0 0 0 0 0
Maharastra 845 0 422 672 802 0
Manipur 0 0 179 245 0 0
Meghalaya 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mizoram 0 0 0 116 0 0
Nagaland 0 0 0 0 0 0
Odisha 0 0 0 0 0 0
Puducherry 0 0 0 0 0 0

Air Based
State wise Tourist
arrivals Parasailing Sky Diving Hang Gliding Paragliding Hot Air Ballooing Ultra Light flying
Rajasthan 1137 0 0 0 958 0

Sikkim 0 0 0 36343 0 0
Tamilnadu 1170 0 303 0 146 0
Tripura 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uttar Pradesh 0 0 0 0 166 0
Uttarakhand 0 0 0 139 0 0
West Bengal 0 0 0 170 0 0
Total 154901 0 904 97770 10168 367

Table 10Annual Estimates of Water based Activity-Wise & State-Wise Adventure Tourist Visits
Water Based
State wise Tourist
arrivals House Boat
Water Rafting Suba Diving Water Skiing Snorkeling Kayaking Boat safaris Surfing Canoeing
stays
Andhra
0 0 0 0 0 0 28609 0 535
Pradesh/Telengana
Andaman Nicobar 0 3506 1855 3137 0 2576 2326 3303 0
Arunachal Pradesh 10417 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Assam 3072 0 0 0 0 0 15367 0 0
Goa 2904 0 0 0 0 15752 0 0 0
Gujurat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haryana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Himachal Pradesh 626 0 0 0 0 773 0 0 0
Jammu & Kashmir 11405 0 0 0 0 466 702 0 934
Jharkhand 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Karnataka 524 0 0 0 0 749 0 0 611
Kerala 0 2658 836 543 56547 1102 44243 0 1346
Madhya Pradesh 277 0 0 0 0 326 39566 0 0
Maharastra 94593 627 0 833 483 803 0 0 796
Manipur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Meghalaya 1759 0 347 0 0 218 0 0 214
Mizoram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lakshadweep 0 131 0 80 0 69 0 0 0
Nagaland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Odisha 0 0 0 0 0 331 5775 0 0

Water Based
State wise Tourist
arrivals House Boat
Water Rafting Suba Diving Water Skiing Snorkeling Kayaking Boat safaris Surfing Canoeing
stays
Puducherry 0 4724 0 0 0 3355 28629 524 0
Rajasthan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sikkim 0 0 0 0 0 0 4286 0 0
Tamilnadu 0 481 0 0 0 1202 13017 0 856
Tripura 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uttar Pradesh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uttarakhand 871463 0 0 0 0 3068 0 0 2813
West Bengal 0 0 0 0 0 0 49732 0 0
Total 997040 12127 3038 4593 57030 30790 232252 3827 8105
 River Cruising &Microlite are two such adventure activities which have started picking up since last 2 to 3 years.
 In case of River Crusing which is taking place on Bhramaputra River in Assam and the Ganga. In case of Bhramaputra 3 ships are
operating and in the Ganga 4 ships are operating. On an average there are 9000 tourists per annum using the river crusing facility. This
number is expected to go up once the European crusies who have already applied for the necessary permission to operate in the Ganga
as well as Bhramaputra. In the next 5 to 6 years i.e. by 2022it is expected that 50 ships shall be operating and the estimated traffic which
is projected by the cruise operators is app 2 to 3 lacs per annum.
 The Microlite activity which is prevalent in Gujarat, Mizoram, and Himachal Pradesh, is a 2 seater facility, the main season being October
to January. It is expected to have app 35,000 tourists per annum.

Table 11Annual Estimates of Adventure Tourist Visits in terms of Origin (Domestic
& Foreigner)
Adventure Tourist Visits

States/ Union
Territories Indian Tourist Visits Foreign Tourist Visits Total
Andhra
55974 852 56826
Pradesh/Telengana
Andaman Nicobar 21062 95 21157
Arunachal Pradesh 64398 2851 67249
Assam 115133 4481 119614
Goa 176406 38724 215130
Gujurat 5503 84 5587
Haryana 1408 8 1416
Himachal Pradesh 445121 104653 549774
Jammu & Kashmir 175672 49548 225220
Jharkhand 13759 28 13787
Karnataka 79780 2256 82036
Kerala 115373 8684 124057
Madhya Pradesh 110671 3718 114389
Maharashtra 231605 24874 256479
Manipur 5087 266 5353
Meghalaya 4946 183 5129
Mizoram 1849 51 1900
Lakshadweep 273 7 280
Nagaland 17398 89 17487
Odisha 39503 291 39794
Puducherry 39844 1662 41506
Rajasthan 160844 28384 189228
Sikkim 58231 2397 60628
Tamilnadu 47009 1832 48841
Tripura 562 21 583
Uttar Pradesh 6197 66 6263
Uttarakhand 864557 178941 1043498
West Bengal 142976 3227 146203
Total 3001141 458273 3459414
Please note that NRIs are included in foreign adventure tourist visits.

Table 12Annual Estimates of Adventure Tourist Visits in terms of Stay (Overnight &
Same Day)
Overnight Adventure Tourist

Same Day Adventure Tourist Visits
Visits
States/ Union Indian Foreign Indian
Foreign
Territories Adventure Adventure Adventure
Total Adventure Total
Tourist Tourist Tourist
Tourist Visits
Visits Visits Visits
Andhra
40063 852 40915 15911 0 15911
Pradesh/Telengana
Andaman Nicobar 21062 95 21157 0 0 0
Assam 115133 4481 119614 0 0 0
Goa 159196 38724 197920 17210 0 17210
Gujurat 3548 84 3632 1955 0 1955
Haryana 481 8 489 927 0 927
Jammu & Kashmir 175672 49548 225220 0 0 0
Jharkhand 7628 28 7656 6131 0 6131
Karnataka 58451 2256 60707 21329 0 21329
Kerala 90562 8684 99246 24811 0 24811
Madhya Pradesh 90081 3718 93799 20590 0 20590
Maharashtra 170586 24874 195460 61019 0 61019
Manipur 5087 266 5353 0 0 0
Meghalaya 4794 183 4977 152 0 152
Mizoram 1630 51 1681 219 0 219
Nagaland 17398 89 17487 0 0 0
Odisha 29952 291 30243 9551 0 9551
Puducherry 30212 1662 31874 9632 0 9632
Rajasthan 121106 28384 149490 39738 0 39738
Sikkim 58231 2397 60628 0 0 0
Tamilnadu 39194 1832 41026 7815 0 7815
Tripura 430 21 451 132 0 132
Uttar Pradesh 4631 66 4697 1566 0 1566
Uttarakhand 755239 178941 934180 109318 0 109318
West Bengal 101544 3227 104771 41432 0 41432
Total 2359140 458273 2817413 642001 0 642001

VIII. Adventure Tourist Survey Findings
The adventure tourist survey findings for the states and UTs are presented in the
Annexure 2 of this report.The states and Union Territories of India, where adventure
activities are performed and practised by tourists, have been congregrated into four
zones – North Zone, South Zone, West Zone and East & north-East Zone.
The sample size to be covered in the Tourist Survey in the states and union
territories were 1600 each and the sample size that was covered for the survey is
presented in the table below. Please note that in some states/ union territories
adequate/ no adventure tourists were encountered, hence, sample size was reduced
in those states/ union territories, while adjusted in other states.
Table 13Sample Size Covered in Adventure Tourist Sample Survey
No. State/Union Territory Target Sample Completed Intervies/

Size Achieved Sample Size
1 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1600 450
2 Andhra Pradesh/Telangana 3200 1320
3 Arunachal Pradesh 1600 1645
4 Assam 1600 2563
5 Bihar 1600 0
6 Chandigarh 1600 0
7 Chhattisgarh 1600 0
8 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1600 0
9 Daman and Diu 1600 0
10 Delhi 1600 0
11 Goa 1600 3856
12 Gujarat 1600 1425
13 Haryana 1600 1733
14 Himachal Pradesh 1600 4355
15 Jammu and Kashmir 1600 3840
16 Jharkhand 1600 721
17 Karnataka 1600 2347
18 Kerala 1600 2822
19 Lakshadweep 1600 121
20 Madhya Pradesh 1600 2958
21 Maharashtra 1600 3744
22 Manipur 1600 1175
23 Meghalaya 1600 1360
24 Mizoram 1600 1520
25 Nagaland 1600 1452
26 Odisha 1600 1843
27 Puducherry 1600 1733

No. State/Union Territory Target Sample Completed Intervies/
Size Achieved Sample Size
28 Punjab 1600 0
29 Rajasthan 1600 3845
30 Sikkim 1600 1320
31 Tamil Nadu 1600 1803
32 Tripura 1600 302
33 Uttar Pradesh 1600 604
34 Uttarakhand 1600 3933
35 West Bengal 1600 2810
Total 57600 57600

IX. Assessment of Infrastructure at Destinations of Adventure
Activities
The infrastructure at the adventure tourism destinations were assessed by the

Nielsen executive based on a face to face discussion with the tour operators at the
various destinations wherein the activities were being carried out as well as
interacting with the tourists.
Regarding the physical infrastructures that any tourist destinations would require for
ease and utmost requirement of tourists, were found to be present at the
destinations surveyed. This may be due to the fact that all the adventure tourist
destinations are destinations which tourists visit for other purpose apart from
adventure activities also, hence, accommodation units, restaurants shopping zones,
toilets and other required tourist infrastructure is present at the destinations.
Exception to the above was found in the north eastern states of India like Arunachal
Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, and Meghalaya.
Table 14Infrastructure Assessment for Adventure Tourism
Zone State Destination Status of Infrastrucure

Visited
NORTH Jammu & Leh, Sangam,  Connectivity to leh sector is an issue.
ZONE Kashmir Sonmarg,  Lot of paper work to get permission to
Srinagar restricted areas
 Across Mentok, Leh, Stok, Nubra, Kargil there
are no basic facilities such as potable water,
toilets at the base camp
 Safety and security issues also weakening the
adventure tourism in Jammu & Kashmir
 Internet communication facilities in Leh very
poor
 Non-availability of modern adventure tourism
equipments
 Lack of expertise in adventure tourism
 Need to opening new routes for trekking.
Maximum trekking route at present connect
with roads therefore tourist are not prefer
trekking route
 There are no garbage bins, during the season it
creates a problem in terms of health as well as
hygenie
 For activities such as Mountaneering, Trekking,
Camping across destinations such as Markha,

Visited
Nubra, Stok, KyangYatse, Zanskar Sham Valley
connectivity is a major hurdle, sometimes
situation is such that it’s not able to
communicate during emergency situation
 No Medical facility available. Have to rely on
Army camps
 The other important aspect is non availability of
Satelite phones and good quality tents for
camping.
Himachal Kullu, Manali,  Appproach is not accessible; the road needs to
Pradesh Solang Valley, be improved
Bir Billing,  There a re lot of repeat visitors who every year
Dharamshala, in groups (regular trekkers) go for trekking. For
and LahaulSpiti these tourists new routes need to be identified
and demarcated which need to be developed
for trekking
 Most importantly clerances are required to be
given by the state and administrative
authorities wherein the Centr can play and
important role in speeding up and facilitating
the same.
Uttarakhand Rishikesh, Auli  Certification of tour operator & trained tourist
guides is required
 Better road conditions for most of the
adventure destination
 The main issue is the connectivity of destination
via rail or air, even the road travel for travellers
is a big hurdel.
Rajasthan Ranthambore  In RanthamborePark, currently there is a
concrete road which creates a problem. It is
better if its a sandy approach
WEST Maharashtra  Modern accident response education facilities
ZONE  Reduce restriction on communication device –
satellite phones, 2 way radios
 Rescue teams in remote area
 Customer awareness about safety and risk
assessment.
Madhya Bandhavgarh,  No proper medical facility near wild life parks.
Pradesh Panchmarhi,
KanhaNatioal
park, Shivpuri,
Pench, Bhopal
&Tikamgarh

Visited
SOUTH Kerala Kochi,  Security measures were very poor
ZONE Thiruvananthap  Road facilities to some of the beaches especially
uram to the beaches of northern side of Kerala are
very poor
 Conveyance facilities are not adequate for
reaching the beach centers.
NORTH Arunachal Dzongory,  Non avability of water, cleanliness, non avability
EAST Pradesh / LavataruinNorth of medical camp & rescue centre
ZONE Sikkim Sikkim, Green  No first aid facilities available
Lake, Banjari  Procedure for getting permits needs to be made
Waterfalls, simpler and faster
Rangpumali,  It is necessary to make the process of getting
Sleep Junky, permission specially in case of Mountaineering
RangpoMalli. for peaks in Sikkim – Mt.Sinochu& Mt. Simvo
which are above 7000 mts and lot of Foreigners
Meghalaya East Khasi Hills, specially Europeans are interested
South Garo Hills,
 Road connectivity & network is very poor
Jaintia Hills
 Non avability of trained guide
Mizoram Tamdil lake,
 Facing problem in terms of communication
Pukzing,
 In case of any eventuality the problem is there
Lamisial,
is no evacuation facility
ThalazaungKha
 It is necessary for augmentation of Toilet and
mm, Mount
drinking water facility along Sachen , Bakhim,
Mawma and
Tehoka
Mount Kahrie
 Permit for trek to Green lake in Gangtok should
Tripura Dasharath Dev
be made available by local authorities ie. Sikkim
Stadium
Tourism Board
Manipur Ziribam, Ukrul,  Trekking route from Muguthang to Thangu
Chandel, Loktak should be opened.
lake, Barak river
Nagaland Intanki Wildlife
Sanctuary

X. State-Wise List of Tour Operators
The state wise list of 1246adventure tour operators in India is presented in Annexure
1.The state wise numbers of adventure tour operators that Nielsen reached out to in
this survey is presented in the table below.
Table 15State Wise Number of Adventure Tour Operators
State Organized Un-organized Un-organized Total

Adventure Adventure Adventure Tour Adventure
Tour Tour Operators Not Tour
Operators Operators Covered in the Operators
Covered in Covered in the Survey
the Survey Survey
Andhra
12 0 38 50
Pradesh/Telengana
Arunachal Pradesh 10 0 25 35
Assam 24 0 49 73
Bihar 0 1 1 2
Chandigarh 3 0 5 8
Chhatisgarh 1 0 0 1
Delhi 116 0 45 161
Goa 44 29 83 156
Gujarat 5 0 37 42
Haryana 17 0 15 32
Himachal Pradesh 80 30 334 444
Jammu & Kashmir 270 38 312 620
Jharkhand 4 0 3 7
Karnataka 17 0 38 55
Kerala 13 0 45 58
Madhya Pradesh 7 0 42 49
Maharashtra 42 53 62 157
Manipur 1 0 5 6
Meghalaya 7 0 8 15
Mizoram 2 0 5 7
Odisha 11 0 22 33
Pondicherry 2 0 12 14
Punjab 2 0 5 7
Rajasthan 31 0 75 106
Sikkim 24 0 7 31
Tamilnadu 14 0 66 80
Tripura 2 0 8 10
Uttar Pradesh 17 0 15 32
Uttarakhand 269 0 135 404
State Organized Un-organized Un-organized Total
Adventure Adventure Adventure Tour Adventure
Tour Tour Operators Not Tour
Operators Operators Covered in the Operators
Covered in Covered in the Survey
the Survey Survey
West Bengal 39 11 39 89
Grand Total 1086 162 1536 2784
The distribution of the adventure tour operators in India amongst the organized and
un-organized sectors is given below.
Adventure Tour Operators Distribution in India

Organized Adventure Tour Operators
Un-Organized Adventure Tour Operators
39%
61%
XI. Market Size Of Adventure Tourism in India and Revenue

Generated From Adventure Tourism
The state wise market size of adventure tourism activities in India is presented in the
following table.
Table 16State Wise Market Size of Adventure Tourism
State/ Union Territory Total Market Size in INR

Andhra Pradesh/Telengana 17.07
Andaman Nicobar 17.44
Arunachal Pradesh 20.24
Assam 39.33
Goa 107.67

State/ Union Territory Total Market Size in INR
Gujurat 1.42
Haryana 0.28
Himachal Pradesh 468.9
Jammu & Kashmir 246.6
Jharkhand 2.01
Karnataka 19.56
Kerala 50.82
Madhya Pradesh 37.12
Maharastra 93.96
Manipur 1.51
Meghalaya 1.55
Mizoram 0.25
Lakshadweep 0.62
Nagaland 8.55
Odisha 9.5
Puducherry 17.34
Rajasthan 70.22
Sikkim 36.05
Tamilnadu 18.35
Tripura 1.22
Uttar Pradesh 1.15
Uttarakhand 485.1
West Bengal 41.38
Total 1815.21
The revenue generated from package tours out of the entire market size of INR
1,772 crores is around 73% and the revenue generated from individual bookings
(inclusive of on the spot bookings by tourists) is around the remaining 27% of the
total market size. Please note that the above figures of market size do not include
the revenue generated from auxiallary or supporting revenue generating activities of
wildlife tourism like revenue generated from hotels, restaurants, shops etcetra
catering to wildlife tourists. The revenue from these facilities that are sustained
solely by wildlife tourists are not included in the total revenue generated from
Adventure tourism as this was not included in the Terms of Research of this study
and hence was not a part of the data collection.

Revenue Distribution
Individual/
Spot
Bookings, 27
%
Package
Tours, 73%
The revenue generated from domestic adventure tourist visits stands at around INR
1297 crores for all Indian states and UTs. The revenue generated from Foreign
adventure tourist visits stands at around INR 475 crores for all Indian states and UTs.
The state wise revenue generated from domestic and foreign adventure tourist visits
is presented in the table below.
Table 17State Wise Market Size of Adventure Tourism in terms of Revenue Earned
from Domestic and International Adventure Tourist Visits
Market Size in INR (in Crores)

Revenue From Revenue From
State wise Tourist Revenue
Domestic Domestic
arrivals From Foreign
Overnight Same Day Total
Adventure
Adventure Adventure
Tourist Visits
Tourist Visits Tourist Visits
Andhra
13.62 2.48 0.97 17.07
Pradesh/Telengana
Andaman Nicobar 17.32 0 0.12 17.44
Arunachal Pradesh 17.98 0 2.26 20.24
Assam 34.58 0 4.75 39.33
Goa 53.77 3.09 50.81 107.67
Gujarat 1.02 0.32 0.08 1.42
Haryana 0.089 0.185 0.006 0.28
Himachal Pradesh 216.04 110.65 142.21 468.9
Jammu & Kashmir 176.04 0 70.56 246.6
Jharkhand 1.25 0.75 0.01 2.01
Karnataka 14.96 2.43 2.17 19.56
Kerala 36.25 5.32 9.25 50.82
Madhya Pradesh 30.89 3.39 2.84 37.12

Market Size in INR (in Crores)
Revenue From Revenue From
State wise Tourist Revenue
Domestic Domestic
arrivals From Foreign
Overnight Same Day Total
Adventure
Adventure Adventure
Tourist Visits
Tourist Visits Tourist Visits
Maharashtra 71.95 13.72 8.29 93.96
Manipur 1.24 0 0.27 1.51
Meghalaya 1.25 0.22 0.08 1.55
Mizoram 0.22 0.02 0.01 0.25
Lakshadweep 0.611 0 0.009 0.62
Nagaland 8.45 0 0.1 8.55
Odisha 8.2 1.14 0.16 9.5
Puducherry 14.51 1.73 1.1 17.34
Rajasthan 35.7 7.15 27.37 70.22
Sikkim 33.09 0 2.96 36.05
Tamil Nadu 15.66 1.09 1.6 18.35
Tripura 0.73 0.14 0.35 1.22
Uttar Pradesh 0.91 0.19 0.05 1.15
Uttarakhand 315.42 23.64 146.04 485.1
West Bengal 33.59 4.98 2.81 41.38
TOTAL 1155.34 182.635 477.235 1815.21

XII. Guidelines for Adventure Activities
XII.1 Safety Guidelines Of Ministry Of Tourism, Government Of India
General Guidelines for All Adventure Sports
 Every group of persons taking part in adventure sports must be accompanied by a

person designated as a “leader”.
 “Leaders” must possess appropriate qualification and skills as indicated in relevant
chapters of this document.
 Every person joining a group engaged in adventure sports must receive an
introductory training and leaders should be satisfied that they have acquired the
skills necessary to participate.
 Leaders should have a first aid certification and must be competent to impart first
aid training in the use of stretchers.
 Leaders should be familiar with search procedures and should brief all group
members in these procedures.
 All group members must be familiar with the use of radios where these are being
used.
 Leaders should be familiar with helicopter operations, know how to approach a
helicopter and procedures for being winched up and down.
 Leaders should be proficient in the use of maps and compasses in any weather by
day or night.
 Leaders should be satisfied that all members are medically fit to take part in the
adventure sports.
 Leaders should satisfy themselves that equipment to be used meets all the safety
norms for each adventure sport; all inspections have been carried out as
recommended by the manufacturer and is fit for use.
 Under no circumstances should the capacity rated by the manufacturer of
adventure sports equipment be exceeded, any unauthorized modifications except
as additional safety measures be carried out or sub-standard material used.
 Information regarding nature of activity, area of operation, period of activity,
 Possible hazards, persons to be contacted in an emergency and list of members
should be given to the concerned safety and rescue committees.
 Suitable hand held devices with graded distress signal capabilities should be made
available to adventure tourist groups at suitable prices when available in India.
 A qualified Doctor should be available on call
 Communication facilities such as Mobile Telephone / Walkie - Talkie etc. should be
available.

Basic Minimum Standards for Land Based Activities
MOUNTAINEERING
1. Application: These Basic Minimum Standards (BMS) will apply specifically to

commercial operators attempting 6000m or other comparable peaks, which offer
to guide or accompany climbers above Base Camp and also to operators who offer
more limited facilities. However, it will also concern operators who supply
transport etc to Base Camp, and also supply Base Camp services and High Altitude
porters.
2. Information to Clients: A variety of organisations offer to take clients on 6000m

or other comparable peaks. They vary from those which provide a full service
tothe summit ornearly to the summit, to those where there is minimal support for
clients above Base Camp. However at the present moment it is difficult for clients
to deduce from brochures exactly what is offered in terms ofguiding and support,
and whether it corresponds to their needs. These Basic Minimum Standards will
supply clients with pointers to assist them to make an informed choice.
3. Danger awareness: Mountaineers climbing at very high altitude, especially

above 6000m are at considerable stress to their mental and physical powers
and may not be capable of assisting others as has always been traditional in
mountaineering. This fact is of particularimportance to mountaineers of limited
experience, who rely on professional guides to bring them safely up and down
6000m+ peaks. They should be made aware that the risksinvolved in climbing at
altitudes are such that a degree of self-reliance is necessary.
4. General Guidelines for Mountaineering:
a. All such operators will have to be registered with Adventure Tour

Operators Association of India and Ministry of Tourism.
b. The leader or chief guide and as many as possible of the guides should
have high altitude experience appropriate to the altitude of the peak to be
climbed. He must have been a member of three climbing expeditions
above 6000 m andmust have completed the Basic Mountaineering Course
with an ‘A’ grade or an equivalentfrom abroad. He/She must be qualified
on first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certification.

c. The guiding and porter staff on the mountainand the material supplied
must be adequate for the aims of the party and stated level of service
offered.
d. An experienced doctor in the party is desirable but atthe veryleast

advance arrangements must be known for medical help. Advance
arrangements must also be made for evacuation assistance in case of
emergency.
e. The minimum safety equipment available is walkie-talkie radios and

recommended medical supplies.
f. Advertising must give a true picture of all the difficulties and dangers
involved, andavoid promising the impossible. If an expedition is
commercially launched by an operator, then the Biographical information
about the guiding team should be included.
g. The client must truthfullyreveal his experience, supported by

documentation/photograph, medical history etc to the organiser so that
the organiser can make an informed choice about the potential client.
h. Information supplied in advance will include a clear statement of the

guiding, porterage and equipment which will be supplied by the organiser,
together with details of the clothing and equipment to be supplied by
the client. This is not in context of the operatorsassisting expeditions with
logistics alone.
i. All equipment on which life is dependent must be Union International de

Alpine Association (UIAA) or European Union (EU) certified.
j. Knowledge of low impact environmentalexpeditioning must be

undertaken, pledging to environmental guidelines of Union International
de Alpine Association (UIAA)/Himalayan Environment Trust (HET) etc.
TREKKING
1. The leader or chief guide and as many as possible of the guides should have
experience appropriate to the difficulty of the route being attempted The trip
leader must have completed at least two trekking trips in general and must
have completed the Basic Mountaineering Course or equivalent with an ‘A’
grade. He/She must be qualifiedon firstaid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR) certification.

2. The guiding and porter staff for the trek and the material supplied must be
adequate for the aims of the party and stated level of services offered.
3. Adequate arrangements must be made known in advance for medical help

available in the area. Advance information must also be made for evacuation
assistance in case of emergency. Minimum first aid medicalsupplies must be
carried on the trip. In case of a helicopter requirement for rescue operation, it is
recommended that the Accreditation Committee be empowered to authorize the
rescue.
4. Information provided to clients must give a true picture of all the difficulties
and dangers involved, and avoid promising the impossible. Biographical
information about the guiding team should be included.
5. The client must truthfullyreveal his experience, medical history etc to the
organiser so that the organiser can make an informed choice about the potential
client.
6. Information supplied in advance will include a clear statement of the guiding,

porterage and equipment which will be supplied by the organiser, together with
details of the clothing and equipment to be supplied by the client.
Basic Minimum Standards for Water Based Activities
RIVER RUNNING
1. Any company operating river running trips or commercial white water rafting
tripsmust be registered with Indian Associationof Professional Rafting
Outfitters/Adventure Tour Operators Association of India and Ministry of
Tourism.
2. All tripson white water for tourists will be conducted with at least one qualified
guide on each craft. A senior guide or trip leader must be present and supervise
the activity at all times.
3. The Guide accompanying the trips should:
a. Be at least 18 years of age;

b. Ne able to swim;
c. Hold avalid firstaid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) certificate or
equivalent.
4. Training: Guide trainees should complete a course (or equivalent training) that
equips them with the necessary skills and knowledge to safely and competently
guide a raft. A guide training course should include the following topics:
a. Skills -rafting techniques, crew training and management, emergency and

rescue techniques.
b. Knowledge - equipment, safety and emergency procedures, rapid
theory, leadership, signals, environment protection
5. Recognition Experience: Guides should:
a. have guided a raft under the supervision of and to the satisfaction of a

Trip Leader on at least ten white water runs within the past two years
in rapids of the same class or higher than the run they intend to guide
on;
b. complete a familiarization run on any new stretch of white
c. water they intend to guide on;
d. maintain a log book recording each run and signed by the Trip leader as
proof of experience;
e. should have good communication skills in Hindi and English
6. Special Requirements for Trip Leaders: Trip Leaders should:
a. have been qualified guides for at least two years;

b. have a high level of guide skills and knowledge;
c. have a thorough knowledge of trip planning, white water rescue
techniques, emergency procedures and advanced first aid;
d. have guided a raft as a qualified guide on at least twenty white water
runs within the past two years in rapids of the same class or higher than
the run they intend to lead on;
e. complete a familiarization run and know the evacuation routes on any
new stretch of white water they intend to lead on;
f. Should have excellent communication skills in Hindi and English.
7. Single Raft Trips: Some of the worst accidents in river running internationally
have occurred where there has been only one raft. There should always beat
least twocrafts on thewater i.e, two rafts or kayaks or a raft and a safety kayak.
This may be relaxed for float trips (maximum grade II) in the case of rafts. For
kayaks a minimum of two or preferably three is always recommended. Safety
Kayaks must be mandatory on technical rapids grade IV and beyond. In case on

continuous white water sections, one should lookat a minimum of one kayak per
raft, if not more.
8. Kit: All trips must carry a well- equipped first Aid kit (it must have triangular
bandages, sterile pads, gauze roller bandages, pressure bandages, first aid
adhesive tape, splints, scissors as bare minimum), a repair kit (it must contain
approx. half meter of repair material, a sufficient amount of flue and accelerator,
sand paper or roughing tool and waterproof repair tape/ duck tape). Oar
raftsmust carry at least one spare oar. All raftsmust have a safety linegoing all
around the raft, a bow- line and preferably a stern line as well. All rafts must
have a throw bag and a bailing bucket (in case of non selfbailer bucket boats). A
flip line is recommended for all big drops.
9. Personal River Equipment: All rafters/ kayakersmust havea life jacket on

alltimes whileon water. This includes the guides also. The life jackets must
have adequate buoyancy (minimum of 6.14 kgs, and preferably 9 – 10 kgs.),
must be the proper type (U.S. coast Guard Type III or V) with a provision of
ensuring a snug fit by straps etc. and the life jacket must be worn correctly.
Inflatable life jackets and the ‘keyhole’ type jackets should not be allowed.
Guides must ensurethat the life jackets are on in a secure manner before the trip
starts and above all major drops. Helmets are mandatory on all rapids andit
is recommended that helmets be kept on throughout the trip. The helmet
should beproperly strapped. Rafts must be of good condition with no
leakage or compartment damage. A baffle/ compartment inflation check must
be carriedout at regular intervals to ensure that each compartment is air
tight with no leaks. A minimum of 14– 16 feet boats arerecommended
forcommercial rafting. Self bailing rafts are recommended.
10. Age Limit: Fourteen years on all stretches except float trips (grade II and below),
where itmay be relaxed to ten years.
11. Non Swimmers: Non swimmers should not be allowed on any serious rapid
(grade III +/IV)/ or hard section.
12. Safety Briefing: Guides/ trip leader must ensure that a thorough safety briefing
covering all pertinent details forthat particular trip is given before each trip. The
trip leader must ensure that clients are in suitable attire (bulky clothes, sarees,
neck ties, long skirts and three piece suits should not be permitted). People
suffering from any serious ailments, weak heart conditions, epilepsy and
expecting mothers should not be allowed. Non- swimmers should be allowed to
body surf only with rope back up. Shoes/appropriate sandals/ booties are a must
for rafting. Appropriate clothing must be worn during winter/ on glacialmelt

rivers with cold air temperatures. For such rivers, dry suits/ wet suitsare
recommended. If not, lightwoolens/synthetic clothes are a must. Trips must be
timed carefully to finish at least an hour before sunset.
13. Alcohol and Drugs: Consuming alcohol in any form or quantity or illicit drugs at
least six hours prior to the river trip must not be allowed.
14. Familiarization Runs: One or two familiarization runs before operating

commercially each seasonor on new rivers is recommended. Rivers should not
berun commercially at flood levels.
15. Foreign Guides: Foreign Guides must be aware of the Indian Safety Regulations
before being allowed to operate. They must fulfillthe required criteria and should
do a few familiarisation runs on the riverand equipment before being allowed to
operate commercially. A valid first aid certificate is a must.
16. Senior Guide: A senior guide must have spentat least three consecutive seasons
on any ofthe abovethree rivers with a minimum of sixty days on the river per
season. He must have all requisite firstaid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR) qualifications and must have a clean safety record. A senior guide must
have river- running experienceon at least three different rivers.
17. Safety Kayaker: A safety and rescue kayaker must be thoroughly trained
and experienced in all safety norms, river rescue and first aid/cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) certification. A minimum of thirty days on the river is
mandatory before kayaking with commercial trips.
Basic Minimum Standards for Air Based Activities
Aerosports needthe highest skill requirements. They also have the highest risk
element and anything that goes wrong hardly gives an opportunity for corrective
action. Accordingly adherence tosafety guidelines must be followed meticulously.
Generally the following principles need to be adopted:-
a. The equipment used in each aero-sport must be defined in terms of its

specifications, certifying agency and its life (shelf life and usage life), as
defined by the manufacturer, who for the purpose must hold a valid
authorization for manufacturing the particular aero- sport equipment.

b. Instructor/operator qualification is very important. It is not enough to have
an initial certificate or qualification. Currency and continued evaluation in
terms of safety and skill needs to be carried out.
PARAGLIDING
Infrastructure:-
1. Operator must have access to safe and open take off points in case of hill
launches. The take off point should befree from obstructions in the take off path
and should not have rock or crops which could injure the participant. Cliff take
off points must strictly not to be used.
2. The operator musthave freeand clearaccess to a designated landing ground free

of obstructions such as tall trees, buildings, electric wires etc.
3. First aid must be available at site withQualified First aid Instructors (having
additional knowledge of related accidents), with arrangements with a nearby
hospital for quick emergency services.
4. Wind conditions should be strictly monitored and the activity must be done
within the weather conditions stipulated by the equipment manufacturer.
Equipment and Accessories:-
1. Paragliding wings must have APCUL DHV or CEN certification.
2. Such certification should be stitched on the wing and visible for inspection.
Harness should be with back protection and harness must be fitted with round
type certified rescue parachute.
3. Helmets and Ankle shoes must be compulsory.
4. Proper log books must be maintained for all equipment.
5. Annual inspectionand certificationof equipment for airworthiness must be

carried out.
Operator Qualification:-
1. In case of solo flights the pilot should have undergone two full days ground
training consisting theoretical and practical training and instructor should

satisfy himself of the first launch both in hill and winch launched paragliding.
For first 15 launches height should be restricted to Max 500 feet and student
should beradio guided. After demonstrated capability for 180 degree stable
turns, five spot (20 Mtrs) landings and after the theory paper is cleared, the
student may be allowed to carry out free fly. The student pilot must have a valid
registration with a club recognised by the Aero Club of India.
2. Tandem pilots must have a tandem pilots licence issued by the competent
authority, which will be issued after the following:
a. 150 logged flights.

b. 35 h + logged.
c. Pass theory paper
3. All instructors must be current pilots having sufficientknowledge and

experience in the sport.
PARASAILING
1. Operator Classifications: All operatorsshall be certified by the appropriate agency in

terms of their capability to conduct the activity on land or water, specifically
endorsed to allow multi-passenger flight operations.
2. In Flight Floatation Devices and helmets: At all times passengers participating

inparasailing activities over water, while in flight shall wear aproperly fitted
approved life jacket. Over land, the passengersmust wear an ISI approved helmet.
3. Assumption of Risk And Release of Liability Waiver: Without exception, all

operators shall require ALL PARTICIPANTS of legal age or if a minor; a parent or
legal guardian to read and sign an assumption of Risk and Release of Liability
waiver prior to starting the activity.
4. Passenger Safety Briefing: All parasail participants shall be required to view a

Parasail Safety Briefing video and/ or be given a written Parasail Safety Briefing
handout. In addition, the crew shall give a pre-flight verbal summary of the briefing
before any parasail flight activities commence, which should include the following:
a. A description of the activity itself.

b. Safety precautions while underway and in-flight.
c. Safety and life saving equipment locations.

d. Warnings and Procedures for unexpected events, such as water landings,
equipment malfunctions, and towline separation.
e. Procedure in the event of an emergency onboard the vessel.
f. The proper use of signals.
g. Question and answer period.
h. Exclusion of any participant that may be afraid or intimidated prior to
participation.
5. Proximity to Obstructions - Wind restrictions: Operator should have a wind

measurement device and should not operate in winds exceeding 18 Kph. Operator
shall at all times maintain a minimum operating distance from any surf-zone,
shoreline, or fixed object, of not less than 500 feet. In addition, at no time shall a
parasail vessel’s operator allow a canopy to pass within the following distance from
the shore whilean onshore wind is present. (Onshore wind shall be defined as any
wind direction that could potentially place a parasail vessel, canopy, or participant
in contact with land in the event of the loss of vessel or systems power and/or line
separation.).
6. Responsibility ofVessel Sea worthiness and tow vehicle road worthiness: It shall be
the responsibility of the first mate in charge to make certain that the vessel is
maintained and is properly equipped in a sea worthy condition. A current written
log shall be kept of all mandatory daily inspections and all routine maintenance
performedon vessel. Under no circumstances shall the operator and/or crew
utilize any equipment outside the parameters for which it was designed and
must at all times adhere to manufacturers’ specifications, requirements and/or
recommendations. Similar conditions should apply for land based parasailing
vehicles.
7. Passenger Weight Restrictions: At no time shall a passenger be allowed to

participate in parasailing activities unless they meet themanufacturers’
recommendations or requirements in terms of weight. Passenger must be able to
be comfortably and safely fitted into harness.
8. Towline Length Limitations: At no time
a. Shallany vessel’swinch drum be equipped with more than 500 feet of towline,
while conducting parasail flight operations. Similarly land based operations
should not use more than 500feet of rope.
b. Exceed a maximum of 300 feet AGL (Above Ground/Water Level).
9. Minimum Age Requirements: Children may participate in parasailing activities

onlyafter the operatorhas made reasonable prior judgment that wind and sea

conditions are conducive to such activities and extreme caution should be
exercised. Children under 12 are not to be allowed.
10. Towline Inspection and Maintenance: Towline in its entirety shall be inspected
daily for damage and/or wear and if necessary shall be immediately replaced.
Towline shall be kept clean and maintained in accordance with manufacturers’
specifications, requirements and/or recommendations. A written log of such
inspections and maintenance shall be kept at all times.
11. Pre-Flight Weather Evaluation: It is the operator’sresponsibility to evaluate

and determine if weather conditions are favorable for parasailing. He shall use all
means available to make such a determination. No operator shall knowingly
parasail in rain, heavy fog or during a known lightingstorm within50 kmfrom the
parasailingarea; in addition a daily weather log shall be maintained.
12. Multiple Passenger Flights: Multi-passenger flights shall only be conducted under
the following conditions and only after the operator has made reasonable judgment
prior to each and every flight. Extreme caution shall be exercised:
a. At no time shall there be more than 2 passengers in anycanopy.

b. Wind conditions must be adequate, stable and consistent.
c. Conditions must be conducive to such activities.
d. Commercial equipment specifically designed and professionally
manufactured for multi-passenger flight operations must be utilised.
e. All equipmentmust adhereto manufacturers’ specifications,requirements
and/or recommendations.
f. Vessel’s winch system must be equipped with a functional level-winder
during all multi-passenger flights.
BUNGEE JUMPING
1. Essential requirements: All parts of the jump linemust be duplicated. This extends
from the connection of the bungee to the jumper and the connection to the
structure at the other end of the line. Normally the jumpershould have an
attachment to ankle straps and another to a body or sit harness.
2. Equipment (harnesses, karabiners) should be of sound construction and

suitable for this use. Mountaineering equipment from reputable suppliers is
appropriate. Karabiners should be of the screw gate type.

3. Braided ropes: At least 2 braided ropes should be used andmatched to the weight
of the jumper; they should be to BS 3F 701991 specification for heavy duty braided
rubber cord, orto a demonstrably similar standard.
4. Unbraided ropes: Normally one unbraided rope is adequate because of the in-built
redundancy from its structure ofapproximately one thousand individual strands
bound together. Each rope should havean examiners certificate from an
independent source and be selected according to the weight of the jumper.
5. Rope log books should be kept, describing maximum load, and numbers of
jumps and drop tests undertaken, and in the case of unbraided ropes, any other
conditions required by the examiner (eg length of time in sunlight). Ropes have a
finite life and operators should be able to demonstrate that this has not been
exceeded.
6. There should be a written operating procedure. If not written, elements will be

more likely to be forgotten or short circuited. Both operators and enforcement
officers should be able to check that safe procedures have been established and are
being followed.
7. The procedure should cover at least:
a. medical enquiry;
b. age verification - if under 18, parental consentshould be required;
c. if under 14, they should not be allowed to jump;
d. weighing and rope selection: There should be a method of checking that
the weight of the jumper has been correctly measured and recorded so
as to ensure that the correct rope is selected for each jumper;
e. attachment of each part of harness and ropes, and the checking of each
action by a second trained person;
f. briefing of jumper;
g. entry into and riding in cage;
h. re-instruction and jump; and
i. Retrieval of jumper.
8. Use of mobile cranes: Use of mobile cranes is not recommended allowed

as this is too dangerous.
9. Other important elements: Training ofpersonnel is ofparamount importance.

Each job undertaken requires a different level of training and experience. Those
in charge should be able to demonstrate that everyone who is carrying out a task
has enough experience to do so, unless under direct supervision by another

experienced person. There should be a proper training schedule showing how a
person progresses from one level of competence to the next. The schedule of work
should clearly state, who carries outevery safety critical action and who checks it.
Each person should know the tasks, which they are permitted to carry out and
those which they are not authorised to do. To date, all known fatal
accidentsworld wide have resulted from human error.
10. The person inoverall chargeshould keep close control of the site. Arrangements
should be made to exclude spectators from the jump zone for their own safety and
to avoid distraction of the operators.
11. Anyone in a cage should be securely attached to it. Spectator riding, especially by
children, should be discouraged.
12. There should be a dead-weight drop test of the whole line at the beginning of the
day to ensure its integrity.
13. Spares for all the components in the jump lineshould be kept on site so as to be
available for immediate replacement of suspect components.
14. An air bag should be used for jumps overland withunbraided ropes. The purpose of
the bag is to prevent a jumper striking the groundif an incorrect rope selection is
made. It is not to safeguard jumperswho fall due to afailure to properly connect
them to the supporting structure. Braided ropes to BS 3F 70 have an outer covering
which tightens when stretched. Unbraided ropes do not, so there is more risk of a
jumper descending too farif awrong rope selection is made. If a jump is made over
water with an unbraided rope, relying on the water to perform the function of
the airbag, steps should be taken to ensure that there are no obstructions under
the water surface. In addition, suitable arrangements should be made for rescue
from the water.
ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
1. An ACCREDITATION COMMITTEE may be formed for operators and outfitters in

one or several activities. The constitution of this accreditation committee should
be as follows:-
a. Chairman (Designated by Ministry of Tourism, Government of India).
b. Members: Members must be proven specialists with actual experience

of adventure activities, who meet the minimum criteria for guides and
trip leaders.

2. Two members nominated by Adventure Tour Operators Association of India
(ATOAI).
3. One member each nominated by National Institute of Water Sports (NIWS) and
the Indian Association of Professional Rafters (IAPRO).One member nominated
by Parachuting Federation of India. One member nominated by Indian
Mountaineering Foundation
4. The committee may also appoint examiners, in consultation with relevant

Adventure Trade Associations, who have proven experience in the activity to
carry out inspection of the operator’s facilities and certify compliance to
safety regulations. The appointed examinersmust be individually capable of
conducting the activity independently and must themselves meet the minimum
requirements for trip leaders or instructors.
5. This committee will also be empowered to look into anycomplaint against any
adventure tour operator.
6. This committee may further keep upgrading the guidelines and safety
regulations, as and when required on a yearly basis.
7. This committee may also do training programmes/refresher courses and

coordinateany relevantissues impacting the smooth running of the adventure
activities in India.

XII.2 Some Examples of International Safety Guidelines4
Internationally, risk and safety management in adventure activities has increasingly

received the attention of government agencies. In addition to workplace health and
safety legislation, regulatory or non-regulatory accreditation of safety provision in
adventure activities (for people who are dependent on the leadership and
judgement of others) can be categorised in the following ways:
 Accrediting the provider organisation’s fitness to oversee the risk management

and safe delivery of the activity
 Certifying the activity instructor/guide who is with a dependent client.
Accreditation (not statutory regulation) of providers is overtaking the certifying
of instructors/guides. Provider accreditation takes into account all the elements
of operational quality (one of which is instructor/guide qualifications and
competence).
In the countries examined in this work, provider accreditation is generally non-
statutory (an exception being providers of some activities for under 18 year olds
not in the company of their parents in the UK), and incorporates inspection.
Although this review has found little comment on the relative merits of statutory
versus non-statutory schemes, the latter appear to be preferred perhaps
because:
 Voluntary regimes may in effect be obligatory in order for providers to obtain
insurance, access public land or make use of state supported marketing
 Statutory regulations tend to set minimum standards whereas accreditation
emphasises high standards
 Non-statutory accreditation schemes provide a balance between credible
assurance of safety standards without excessive administration burdens on
providers or supervisory bodies.
Australia:
Australia's first safety and environmental standards for adventure providers were
introduced in 2003 with the aim of encouraging responsible and consistent practices
across Victoria's adventure industry. Developed by the Outdoor Recreation Centre
(ORC) in partnership with the Victorian Government and industry stakeholders,
Adventure Activity Standards (AAS) apply to both commercial and not-for-profit
providers. The Standards outline minimum risk management and environmental
responsibilities, covering key business practices, such as leader competency, emergency
4
Source: http://www.dol.govt.nz/about/legislation-reviews/adventure-tourism/international-stocktake/int-
stocktake-01.asp
procedures, equipment, and commitment to environmentally sustainable operations.
The standards were developed in consultation with the industry.
At the time of the introduction of AAS in Victoria the adventure activities industry was
in crisis with 44 Victoria providers going out of business in two years due to an inability
to obtain or afford insurance. Insurance claims had exceeded premiums during the
same period by a ratio of 1.43:1. (See Allen-Craig 2002 for background to the insurance
issues.)
In 2004, the Sport and Recreation Ministers' Council endorsed a proposal for each State
and Territory to institute its own variation of the Adventure Activity Standards (AAS).
Accordingly, AAS are being established in each state/territory as minimum voluntary
guidelines.
The Council of Australian Government finalised an intergovernmental agreement in

2008 to facilitate a consistent skills base for licensed and regulatory activity through the
use of training package qualifications and units of competency.
Driving forces for introducing the standards included

 Promoting the safety of adventure participants
 Protection for providers against legal liability claims and penalties
 Assistance in obtaining insurance cover.
AAS are not statutory standards by law. Legal liability for injuries or property damage is
primarily governed by the law of Contract and Negligence. The AAS have been
established as minimum standards for organisations conducting outdoor recreation
activities for dependant groups (where participants have a level of dependence upon
the leader). However commercial activity providers will be aware that AAS have been
applied by most managers of crown land as a legal requirement of necessary licences.
The National Outdoor Leader Registration Scheme (NOLRS)
In addition to AAS, there is the National Outdoor Leader Registration Scheme (NOLRS).
NOLRS was established in 2003, with registered leaders in Western Australia,
Queensland, New South Wales and the Northern Territory. The NOLRS benchmarks
national standards for outdoor leadership. NOLRS is intended to improve quality
assurance within the outdoor industry and provide a number of other potential
outcomes for outdoor leaders, land managers, employers and policy makers, including:
 national recognition of skills, knowledge and experience irrespective of the outdoor

leader’s pathway to a qualification

 a tool for monitoring currency of skills, knowledge and experience of outdoor
leaders
 a mechanism for ‘quality management’ in training options relevant to the industry
by delivery of training to meet the national industry standard
 a database for agencies and employers seeking to monitor the status of outdoor
leaders
 Increased public confidence in outdoor programme delivery.
Following feedback from individual leaders, government agencies, outdoor

organisations and training providers, a review of all aspects of the NOLRS was
conducted in 2006 and as a consequence a number of significant changes were made to
produce NOLRS Version 2. The major changes were:
 A number of new activity areas

 Removal of some knowledge and skills requirements (or competencies) from the
requirements for some activities or Registration Levels
 Additional Registration Levels for some activity areas (eg. Instructor Registration
Levels for bushwalking)
 Introduction of a range of ‘Restricted Guide’ Registration Levels
 Access to the Scheme from a range of training outcomes including the tertiary
sector and commercial and not-for-profit training providers
 Introduction of the concept of NOLRS preferred assessment providers
 Clarification of ‘currency requirements’ for leaders entering the Scheme
 Recognition within NOLRS of ‘experienced’ leaders (who have operated for more
than six years at a particular Registration Level)
 Addition of minimum experience requirements for newly graduated leaders
 Revised re-registration requirements.
Canada:
There is no overall federal regulation of the adventure tourism sector as a whole.

However, some water related adventure tourism activities are federally regulated. For
example, adventure tourism operators are included under the Marine Liability Act 2009
(tc.gc.ca). Approaches to safety management in selected provinces and territories of
Canada are described below.
British Columbia
Adventure travel is not regulated as a sector, however a number of statutory

requirements apply to outdoor programmes such as the Park Act, Motor Vehicle Act,
Workers Compensation Act and the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations. (Most
adventure tourism businesses in British Columbia are required to register and pay
Workers Compensation assessments (worksafebc.com.) Failure to observe these rules
and regulations can result in prosecution by the relevant statutory authority.
In addition, many operating guidelines in outdoor programs are not set by legislation,
but by generally accepted procedures known as ‘practices.’ A practice is a common,
habitual, or expected way of doing something. Some practices are developed to meet
specific standards set by industry bodies (worksafebc.com).
Newfoundland & Labrador
Adventure tourism is not regulated as a sector. Licences may be required if operators

take participants into protected areas (e.g. parks or wilderness reserves), or wild life
features in the activities (e.g. ocean kayaking and whale watching). Angling or hunting
requires licences and an Outdoor Identification Card indicating that the participant has
taken a firearm safety/hunter education course. Water related activities are regulated
in relation to operator competency, and safety compliance; pleasure craft must be
licensed. The Workplace Health, Safety and Compensation Act require all employers
performing work in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador to register with the
Workplace Health, Safety and Compensation Commission (the Commission). Coverage
is mandatory for all workers, including the owner, directors or managers, even if the
owner is the only worker. A non-incorporated business is not required to register if the
only workers are the proprietor or partners. Adventure tourism operators are required
to take a St. John Ambulance First Aid course in order to be covered by the Commission
(bsc-sec.ca).
Nova Scotia
There is no statutory regulation of the adventure tourism sector. However, commercial

operators are advised to obtain some sort of certification such as that offered by
activity organizations, sports governing bodies or the Canadian Tourism Human
Resource Council. The latter organization requires a three step process involving a
written exam, a performance review and an industry evaluation (tians.org).
Yukon
The Yukon Wilderness Tourism Licensing Act came into effect in 1999 to regulate the
wilderness tourism industry and to help protect Yukon's future. Anyone who takes
clients into the Yukon wilderness in return for any kind of fee or reward needs to have a
Wilderness Tourism Licence.
Operators must meet several requirements to be eligible for a Wilderness Tourism
Licence, including:
 Workers' Compensation coverage for employees.

 1,000,000 ($CAD) Public Liability Insurance for clients
 A valid Yukon Business Registration.
 Guides must have valid First Aid and CPR certificates
The Act establishes basic standards for backcountry safety and no-trace travel.
However, it is primarily focused on minimizing damage to the wilderness qualities that
attract tourists. The Act requires monitoring of the number of tourists on Yukon's rivers
and wilderness areas so that wilderness carrying capacity thresholds can be identified
(environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca).
Chile:
The National Tourism Service (Sernatur), in conjunction with the Institute for
Standardization and with the support of Innova Chile Corfo, has developed a non-
statutory quality certification system for adventure tourism and tourist guides, tourist
accommodation services, travel agencies and tour operators (calidadturistica.cl, OECD
2009). The quality system has technical rules laying down minimum requirements to be
met by a company that carries out adventure activities. These rules and standards
relate to, for example, staff (instructors/guides), services, equipment, and accident or
incident procedures.
France:
The legal rules applicable to the tourism sector are codified in the Tourism Code (OECD
2009). France operates a system of statutory qualifications (Diplomesd’Etat, Brevets
d’Etat) for individuals leading or taking charge of groups of people in sporting activities,
including a full range of adventure activities. It is a criminal offence to take people into
some environments without the appropriate statutory qualification. This includes
mountaineering, off piste skiing, kayaking, rafting and river swimming on certain types
of whitewater, and mountain walking. A national register of qualifications is kept under
the Répertoire National des Certifications Professionnelles (Annett 2005).
National Sports Associations are responsible for developing the qualifications, which are
then mandated by Government. In some cases qualifications from other jurisdictions
are accepted as equivalent following a moderation process (Annett 2005).
Some age groups are excluded by law from participation in some adventure activities –
for example primary schools may not take pupils into caving experiences, swimming in
moving water, air sports, shooting, high mountain walking, glacier travel, rafting,
canyoning or nights in mountain refuges. For activities such as riding, mountain biking,
sailing and archery, instructors with specified state qualifications must be employed
(Annett 2005).

Ireland:
In Ireland the Adventure Activities Standards Authority Act was passed in 2001[6] to
provide the basis for a statutory registration scheme for adventure activities providers.
The Act establishes an authority to operate the scheme and to bring forward
regulations. Under the Act adventure activities providers are defined as: Anyone who
provides to members of the public for payment or reward:
 Training, instruction, supervision or leadership in an adventure activity

 Facilities, (including equipment for hire at a specified location) for the carrying
on of an adventure activity.
The Minister may amend the definition of a provider. All providers will come into scope,
provided that they receive payment or reward. There is no distinction between
providers of activities for children, and those who work exclusively with adults.
Adventure activities are defined as hill walking (above 300m); orienteering above 300m;
caving; dinghy sailing; kayaking; canoeing; surfing with a surf board; wind-surfing;
scuba-diving; snorkelling; abseiling; archery; and rock climbing. The Minister may
amend the definition of adventure activities by adding to, or deleting from, this list. In
legislation passed in the same year, Ireland introduced statutory controls on the use of
small, fast powered craft, such as personal watercraft, water-ski boats, etc., which may
be used by adventure activity providers.
The functions of the Adventure Activities Standards Authority (AASA) are to encourage,
foster, facilitate and regulate the safe operation of adventure activities within the State.
AASA’s primary function is to establish and maintain a register of adventure activity
providers and make this available to the public. It can investigate accidents and make
special reports on safety issues and incidents. The Act establishes that no person shall
act as an adventure activities operator, unless he or she is entered in the register in
respect of that adventure activity. AASA is empowered to draw up codes of practice for
activities and to approve appropriate codes of practice drawn up by other bodies (e.g.
governing bodies of sport). Adventure activities providers are then required to comply
with such a code of practice. AASA is empowered to draw up a scheme for the
regulation of adventure activities in the State and to set up an inspectorate. The
inspectorate will be provided with warrants which enable them to enter registered or
unregistered providers’ premises to establish whether activities are being provided or
whether codes of practice are being applied. Inspectors’ powers are considerable and
include being accompanied by a police officer (Garda Sίochána), where serious
obstruction is envisaged.

Switzerland:
Switzerland introduced (stricter) regulations on adventure sports after a 1999

canyoning accident in the Bernese Oberland killed 21 people. The ‘Safety in Adventures’
measures were brought in and backed by the cantons, the Federal Sport Office, the
Swiss Outdoor Association and the Swiss Council for Accident Prevention. The Safety in
Adventures Foundation (an oversight partnership that includes tourism offices,
government agencies, insurers and industry associations) aims to improve safety among
air and adventure services and awards the Safety in Adventures label
(myswitzerland.com).Certified businesses must show evidence of their respect for
nature and care for the protection of clients. The label (a blue letter’s’ with the
Switzerland Tourism edelweiss insignia) confirms that firms have introduced their own
safety objectives. It shows clients that a company has met high safety standards and
sets a common standard by which tourism organisations, insurance suppliers and the
authorities can judge companies. Holders are seen to have exemplary standards, even
in other areas such as environmental protection.Companies are evaluated by an
independent organisation which specialises in audits and consults experts.
 Employees must be trained, experienced and possess appropriate personal
aptitudes.
 Equipment must guarantee the maximum safety to users.
 All activities should be planned out, and action plans identified for emergency
situations.
 Self-testing and regular evaluation of the conditions for safety are required.
 Third parties involved in any activity should meet the same requirements.
 All checks and assessments must be recorded (Swiss Association for Quality and
Management Systems 2006).
United Kingdom:
A statutory Adventure Activities Licensing Scheme was introduced in England, Wales

and Scotland in 1996 (following the Adventure Centres (Young Persons) Safety Act,
1995, the Adventure Activities Licensing Regulations, 1996, and an Order designating
Tourism Quality Services Ltd (TQS) as the independent Adventure Activities Licensing
Authority (AALA)).The Act and Regulations require a provider of facilities for adventure
activities to hold a licence if they provide facilities for adventure activities for people
under 18 years of age in return for payment, or, under certain circumstances, if the
provider is a local authority.A licence is not required by -
 Voluntary associations offering activities to their own members (e.g. Scout
groups, local canoe clubs, etc)
 Schools and colleges offering activities only to their own pupils or students

 Activities where youngsters are each accompanied by their parent or legally
appointed guardian (not including a teacher, or youth leader).
United States of America:
The Federal Government does not regulate travel and tourism as a distinct industry.
However, some sectors such as transportation are regulated at the federal level. States
and local areas of government may regulate the conduct of travel and tourism business
within their jurisdiction (OECD 2009).
XII.3 Assessment of Indian Guidelines as per International Standards
 The required quality of Helmets in terms of Glass, padding, smell and odour
Design. The hemets available in India lack in these aspect , hence the bikers
prefer European standard helmets.
 Same is with jackets/ Shoes:They are mainly sourced from China, Scotlandas
they have shoulder protection, elbow protection, back protector, knee guard
etc.The fabric for the jacket is of 600 Danier. The various other guards such as
ankle protection, sheen guard, anti slip, toe guard etc in the shoes which are of
EVA foam are not available in India. They are sourced from Taiwan, Vietnam,
Singapore.
 The various equipments for rock climbing like rope, seat harners, caraviner are
either of UIAA or EN standards. In India the breaking strength is upto 22 KN,
whereas the imported equipments are from 28KN.
 In case of Hot Air ballooning unlike other countries such as Switzerland,USA, UK,
the problem is of getting the required licence from DGCA in Inida. The flying
restriction to book air space for this activity. Besides this it is not allowed in
metros. It is necessary that the AAI supports this activity.
 In case of Bungee Jumping there are no instructors in India. Secondly the
components such as elastic rope, gears are procured from local vendors without
any certification, the activity is quite safebut if not performed correctly in the
sense without proper certified equipments then it becomes dangerous.
Beside the above mentioned point the main issue as per the discussion had with various
equipment suppliers as well as institutes which are providing necessary training are the
following
 The tourists who are going for activites such as Mountaineering, Rock Climbing,
Camping, Biking, Cycling, Trekking, Paragliding, Parasaling Bungee Jumping, Hot
air ballooning( very limited) do not take the risk of purchasing Indian
guards/gears.
 They are aware of the suppliers who import the respective products for which
activity and they approach the supplier directly even if they are travelling in a

group or alone. Besides this if they are going through a tour operator then the
tour operator hand over the list of equipments required as well as in some cases
the name of the outlets where one can go and purchase.
 There is a lack of confidence, reliability on the India - ISI products; they are ready
to spend more, except the travellers of North India who behave in a different
manner. They go in for ISI products

XIII. State Wise List of Adventure Tourism Institutes
The state wise list of adventure Tourism Institutes are as follows.
Table 18State Wise List of Adventure Tourism Institutes
State Adventure Tourism institutes

Arunachal Pradesh National Institute of Mountaineering and Allied Sports, Dirang.
The Ballooning Club Of India
Delhi Indian Mountaineering Foundation
National Adventure Foundation
National Institute of Water Sports
Professional Association of Diving Instructors
Goa Institute of Paragliding & Para motoring
Special Rescue Training Academy
International Rescue Instructors Authority
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Mountaineering and Allied
Himachal Pradesh
Sports,Manali (ABVIMAS)
The Jawahar Institute of Mountaineering and Winter Sports (JIM
& WS)
Jammu & Kashmir Indian Institute of Skiing & Mountaineering
High Altitude Warfare School, Gulmarg ( only for armed forces)
Jharkhand The Jharkhand Adventure Tourism Institute (JATI)
The Academy for mountaineering and Adventure Sports (AMAS)
Kerala Kerala Institute of Tourism and Travel Studies (KITTS)
Adventure Sports & Sustainable Tourism Academy,
Agni Aerosports Adventure Academy
Karnataka
General Thimayya National Academy of Adventure (GETHNAA)
Rajasthan The Mountaineering & Adventure institute of Rajasthan
Sikkim SonamGyatso Mountaineering Institute, Gangtok.
Pandit Nain Singh Surveyor Mountaineering Training Institute
Uttarakhand (PNSMTI)/ Nehru Institute Mountaineering , Uttarkashi
Himalayan Adventure Institute, Mussoorie
West Bengal Himalayan Mountaineering Institute, Darjeeling.
The Local Associations that were contacted are listed in the following table.
Table 19List of Adventure Tourism Associations (Local)
LOCAL ASSOCIATIONS
ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS ASSOCIATION All Ladakh Tour Operators Association
OF INDIA Raku complex, Fort road, Leh-194101
304, Shivalik House –II, Opp Milan Cinema, Ph-88039322789, 9419980435,
Karampura Commercial Complex, Karampua, E-mail:altoaoffice@gmail.com,
New Delhi -110015, President- RinchenNamgyal

LOCAL ASSOCIATIONS
Website:- www.atoai.org
WINGS AND FLIGHTS

Institute of Paragliding & Para motoring
Manipur Mountaineering and Trekking
Tupe Nagar, OppSuzlon Head Office,
Association (MMTA)
Malwadi, Hadapsar, Pune- 411028, INDIA.
MMTA Road, KhumanLampak Sports Complex,
JENNIFER MENEZES
Imphal, Manipur
Flying Coordinator/ Administrator
Mobile: +91 9850061929, 9822023790
Kerala State Youth Welfare Board (KSYWB)
Paragliding Association of India Youth Bhavan,NearDooradarsanKendram
PAI Secretariat Kudappanakunnu-695043
3/7, Artists Village Phone No:0471-
Sector No. 8, C.B.D. 2733602,2733139,2733777
Navi Mumbai - 400614 Fax:0471-2733402
E-mail: ksywb@kerala.gov.in
Bangalore Mountaineering Club Paragliding institute
3/2, 1st Floor, Nirvana Adventures
12th Cross, C.M.H. Road, 2-A, Takshashila Apartments
1st Stage, Indiranagar, Tagore Road, Santacruz (West)
Bangalore - 560 038 Mumbai 400 054
The Karnataka Mountaineering
Temple Pilot (Paragliding training)
Association (KMA)
Call Shriya: +91-9970053359
Room No. 205, I Floor
For Mumbai Enquiries Call Arshi: +91-
Karnataka Olympic Association Building
9920120243
Kanteerva Stadium Premises
Email: fly@templepilots.com ,
Kasturba Road
avi@templepilots.com or
Bangalore – 560 001
anita@templepilots.com
Phone: +91 80 22 11 33 33
Kerala Adventure Tourism Promotion Society
Bangalore Hiker
T.C.26/849(1), University Women's Hostel
Address: BTM Layout, 2nd Stage,
Junction, Vazhuthacaud,
Bangalore, Karnataka - 560076
Thiruvananthapuram - 695014
E-Mail: admin@bangalorehikers.com
Ph: +91 471 2320777
Contact No: +91 8884979314 (Santosh)
Mob: +91 9446074020
Arunachal Mountaineering & Adventure
Indian Association of Professional Rafting
Sports Association
Outfitters
ABC Bldg. Main Market, Bomdila - 790001,
Om Plaza, G.F, Kailash gate, muni kireti,
Arunachal Pradesh (India)
Rishikesh
Tel: +91-3782 222017, 222216,222818
Uttarakhand
Mob: +91-9436045063, 9436222905,
Ph no-9837889969
9436291868

LOCAL ASSOCIATIONS
Mountaineers’ Association of Krishnanagar
Nagaland Adventure & Motor sports
Church Road,P.O. Krishnanagar,
NH-36, Duncan basti, Dimapur,
Nadia,WestBengal,Pin - 741101,
Nagaland-797113.
Phone: (M)9433465868, 9903998596,
Ph-09862572374
9474597148
TASMACH
(Trekking Adventure Sports
Nagaland Adventure club(NAC)
Mountaineering Association Of
Near New Sceretariat office, Kohima-797001
Chhattisgarh)
Ph-8575039221
G-6, Sector -1, AwantiVihar, Telibandha,
Raipur – 492001.Tel – 09300327380
Adventure Tour Operators Association of
Paragliding Association of India.
Kashmir
Chougan (Bir), P.O. Bir, Distt. Kangra
AuquafBuiling, Opp. SBI, Dalgate, Srinagar-
Himachal Pradesh (INDIA) -176077, Mr
190001
Praveen-980524500
Ph-0194-2501491
Great Hyderabad Adventure Club
Hyderabad Bicycling
8-2-350/B/B, A.K Enclave, Road No 3, Lane
Opp.PVPunya Bhumi & Tennis court, Neckless
next to Meena Bazar, Banjara Hills,
road,
Hyderabad, Telangana 500034
Begumpet, Hyderabad
Phone:040- 6888 8197
Eastern Himalaya Travel & Tour operator
Adventure tour operator of Maharashtra.
Association
Mumbai
Mainak tourist lodge, Hill cart road,
Mr. Andre Morris
Siliguri-734001, Darjeeling
OUTWARD BOUND INDIA Youth Hostels Association of India
Jeevan Tara Building 5, Nyaya Marg,Chanakyapuri,
Parliament Street, New Delhi - 110001 New Delhi - 110021
Phones: 011 - 43565425 / 23340033 Telephone: 7827999000
Mobile: +91 - 81301 18221 Website: www.yhaindia.org
National Outdoor Leadership school (NOLS
India)
National Outdoor Leader Registration Scheme
Vania Heritage cottage, Mall road,
nolrs@outdoorcouncil.asn.au
Raniket-263645,
0566-221428
National Adventure Foundation (NAF) National Adventure Club (India)
323, Chilla Village, Ist Floor Rakesh Panwar (Joint Secretary)
Opposite Upkar Apartments Room No.17 (FF), Sector-11,
MayurVihar Phase I Extension KarunaSadan, Chandigarh-160011.
Delhi – 110091 94177-85874
011-22716917 E-mail: nacindia@yahoo.com

XIV. List of Adventure Tourism Instructors
The list of adventure tourism instructors are as follows:
Table 20List of Adventure Tourism Instructors
Name of Contact
State Address Email
Instructer Details
Lake Paradise Old Mumbai-Pune
Avi Malik Highway Opp. CRPF HQ's, Talegaon,
Dabhade, Pune
Address: Vadivali Lake, Govitri 2114286212 fly@paragli
TanajiTakve Village, Kamshet, Pune, India., , dingmantra.
410405 Pune 9923154444 in
Debu 980520805 debu@hi-
friends network, 176077 bir
Choudhury 2 fly.in
Sanjay 3/3, Bawala Build, D L Marg, fly@indusp
7798111000
Pendurkar Chinchpokli, 400012 mumbai aragliding.in
Temple Pilots Paragliding School,
GanpatNewale
Pune
Golden Glades , Vadivali Lake Village 2226493110
Uksan, Post Karanjgaon , Taluka , info@flynir
Sanjay M Rao
Maval, 410405 Kamshet , District 9821430279 vana.com
Pune 8
250
1st Floor, Ish-Krupa, Gajbhat, Agashi,
Maharashtra Samson Dsilva Virar west, 401301 Virar, Thane
2586764,
9822499281
Tupe Nagar, OppSuzlon Head 9850061929
MangeshDighe Office, Malwadi, Hadapsar, Pune- ,
411028 9822023790
Ajay Kumar
Sharma
fly@temple
Sachin Jadhav Highway Opp. CRPF HQ's, Talegaon, 9970053359
pilots.com
Dabhade, Pune
fly@temple
Ankush Takve Highway Opp. CRPF HQ's, Talegaon, 9970053359
pilots.com
Dabhade, Pune
fly@temple
Sunny Kolekar Highway Opp. CRPF HQ's, Talegaon, 9970053359
pilots.com
Dabhade, Pune
Jitendrachindali fly@temple
Highway Opp. CRPF HQ's, Talegaon, 9970053359
ya pilots.com
Dabhade, Pune

Name of Contact
State Address Email
Instructer Details
fly@temple
Ganesh gaikwad Highway Opp. CRPF HQ's, Talegaon, 9970053359
pilots.com
Dabhade, Pune
fly@temple
VikasShelar Highway Opp. CRPF HQ's, Talegaon, 9970053359
pilots.com
Dabhade, Pune
fly@temple
SachinPathare Highway Opp. CRPF HQ's, Talegaon, 9970053359
pilots.com
Dabhade, Pune
pankajgugale
HNO, 123 Golden Glades Pvt, Ltd, parshu@pa
ParshuramTakv
GovitriTheshil - Mavel, Dist- pune 9823595858 raglidingma
e
Post-Karanjgaon, 410405 Pune ntra.in
250
1st Floor, Ish-Krupa, Gajbhat, Agashi,
SiddarthDsilva 2586764,
Virar west, 401301 Virar, Thane
9822499281
M-161/1, First Floor, G.L.House,
Gulmohar Enclave Commercial 011-
AvilashBisht 41076073
Complex, Behind Indian Oil Building,
New Delhi – 110049

Nitesh Sati 41076073

Delhi Dhruv Joshi 41076073

TsewangNamgy Gulmohar Enclave Commercial 011-
al Complex, Behind Indian Oil Building, 41076073

TashiAngchuk 41076073
Shri Ranveer Nehru Institute of Mountaineering,
Singh Negi, Uttrakhand
Shri Digambar Nehru Institute of Mountaineering,
Uttarakhand
Singh Panwar Uttrakhand
Shri Jagmohan Nehru Institute of Mountaineering,
Singh Rawat Uttrakhand

Name of Contact
State Address Email
Instructer Details
Shri Soban Nehru Institute of Mountaineering,
Singh Bhandari Uttrakhand
Shri Kushal Nehru Institute of Mountaineering,
Singh Rana Uttrakhand
Shri Dashrath Nehru Institute of Mountaineering,
Singh Rawat Uttrakhand
Shri
Nehru Institute of Mountaineering,
GireeshRanakot
Uttrakhand
i
Shri Rakesh Nehru Institute of Mountaineering,
Singh Rana Uttrakhand
Shri Deep Nehru Institute of Mountaineering,
Bahadur Sahi Uttrakhand
Shri Vinod Nehru Institute of Mountaineering,
Gusain Uttrakhand
Sub. Gurcharan Nehru Institute of Mountaineering,
Singh Uttrakhand
Sub.
PrabhudayalBis
Uttrakhand
ht
Sub. Tejpal Nehru Institute of Mountaineering,
Singh Negi Uttrakhand
KeshavThapa
Uttrakhand
Vinod Kumar
Uttrakhand
229, DLF Galleria, Phase IV, Gurgaon -
YangduGoba
122009
Haryana
4, Bougainvillea Marg, DLF Phase II,
Kushal Soni
Gurgaon - 122002

XV. List of Adventure Tourism Equipment Manufacturers
The list of adventure tourism equipment manufacturers in India has been collated
from secondary research and is presented in Annexure 2 of this report.
XVI. Survey Findings of The Study of Tour Operators and Other

Service Providers
The adventure tourism market is facilitated my private market intermediaries such

as tour operators, travel agents, free lancing guides and support staff. An important
link in the industry istour operators who not only bring in tourists but also publicize
adventure destinations in the country and abroad. The adventure tour market is
governed by operators who operate locally and also liaise with national and
international operators to publicize the destinations. Every state has a number of
tour operators conducting cultural & environmental tours. However, only a few of
them undertake soft or hard adventure activities. Most operators undertake soft
adventure activities such as camping, rafting, safaris, sailing, etc. Operators
conducting trekking, mountaineering, climbing, caving kind of hard activities have
their own staff, equipment’s to organise small, medium scale or expeditions for
different groups of tourists.

Land Based Adventure
Mountaineering/Hiking 51
Trekking 88
Zip Wires and High rope 6
Rock Climbing 36
Artificial Wall Climbing 12
Snow Boarding 4
Motor Bike Tours 27
Abseiling 13
Rappelling 31
All Terrain Vehicle 8
Total Percentage
Elephant, Camel, Horse &… 18
Jeep Safaries 47
Skiing 15
Cyclling 36
Paint Ball 2
Self Drive Tours 8
Wildlife 42
Caving 7
Camping 43
Bujgee Jumping 5
Helli Skiing 4
Mountain Biking 31
In the land based activities amongst the total number of tour operators organising
tours in the different states, all operators interviewed conduct some form of land
based adventure activity. It is observed that about 97% of operators organise
trekking tours of various scale. This is followed by mountaineering, jeep & wildlife
safaris and camping tours. Paint ball, heli-skiing, bungee jumping; snowboarding, etc.
are some being operated by least number of tour operators.
In all the three forms of adventure activities – land, water and air based activities; air
based activities has the least number of operators. Among air based activities
paragliding and parasailing are being operated by maximum number of operators
interviewed. Sky diving and hand gliding are less operated activities in this category.

Air Based Activities (in %)
71
Hang Gliding
Hot Air Bollooning
18 Paragliding
35 Parasailing
9
6 Sky Diving
In case of water based activities, about 69% of total operatorsinterviewed conduct

water based activities. Of this water rafting has the maximum number of operators.
Rest activities like kayaking, scuba diving, snorkelling are being conducted by very
few tour operators.
Water Based Activities (in %)
Boat Safaris
4 15
7 Canoeing
11 House Boat Stays
Kayaking
89 29 Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
Surfing
15
Water Rafting
4 10
Water Skiing
Of all the tour operators interviewed in this survey, all the adventure tour operators
are registered with the state tourism departments as legalised entities. Operators
are also registered with the local tour operator unions and in some cases as in
Kashmir also registered with the local adventure operators association. Some of the
adventure operators are also members of national bodies such as Adventure Tour
Operators of India (ATOAI), Indian Association of Tour Operators (IATO) and Ministry
of Tourism’s Adventure Cell.
Tour operators have been operating in the country prior to 1950. But maximum
number of operators have been established in between the period 1991-2000 as
demonstrated in the below table.

Years of Operation
35
30
25
20
15
10 No. of Tour Operators
5
0
All the operators interviewed during the survey were servicing foreign and domestic
tourists. Operators were mainly dealing with inbound traffic. On an average 60% of
operators interviewed service less than 50% of foreign tourists undertaking
adventure activities. There are very few or no operators completely or only servicing
foreign tourists. Keeping in view the volatile tourism market and economic standoff
in the last few years, most operators service domestic clients as well. As in Ladakh
there has been a three times growth in terms of domestic tourist arrivals now in
comparison to arrivals in the last 7-8 years. Thus, operators are now focussing more
and more with domestic clients. Technology plays an important role with the
introduction of travel portals offering affordable deals which were earlier
unavailable to domestic tourists. Operators thus, realign their focus keeping in view
the trends and developments in the market.
100
90 60
80
70
60
50 12 Operators Servicing
20 FTAs (%)
40
Operators Servicing
30 Domestic Tourists(%)
31 29 28
20 8
10
11
0
less than 50 - 75% More than No
50% 75% Response

It has been observed that about 90% of operators interviewed mainly deal with
groups followed by individuals. The reason cited by most operators for this trend is
the ease in operation and servicing of tourists. Groups make it easier for operators
to run their expeditions which are more cost effective.
It is observed that about 76% of the respondents are engaged in soft adventure
activities in comparison to only 64% of respondents who conduct hard adventure
activities. Of the total operators organising soft adventure about 22% of operators
have said their revenue comes only from conducting soft adventure activities.
About40% of operators have said they earn 10-30% of their revenue conducting hard
adventure activities while 30% of operators have said they earn 51-80% of their
revenue conducting soft adventure activities.
The response with respect to revenue generation is given below:
40
40
35
29 30
30
25 22
19 18
20 16 Soft Adventure
14
15 Hard Adventure
10 6 7
5
0
10-30% 31-50% 51-80% 81-99% 100%
Tour operators mainly employ male staff for office work. Operators have an average
number of five employees in their office. An average of two male staff is employed
by operators for marketing purposes. Male guides are predominantly hired for trips
by operators. Trained instructors are also employed by big tour operators mainly for
hard adventure activities such as trekking, mountaineering, rock climbing,
snowboarding, rafting, paragliding, parasailing, etc.
Tour operators (75%) have said licenses are procured by trained guides to conduct
adventure tourism activities. Trained and licensed guides are generally procured for
activities like trekking, mountaineering, rock climbing, rafting, kayaking, paragliding,
parasailing, rappelling, etc.
However, only 54% operators have said licenses are procured by operators to
conduct adventure tourism activities in the state. In states likes Jammu & Kashmir
adventure tour operators are bound to register with the state tourism department

as an adventure tour operator. However, no such mandatory or obligatory rules
apply in the other states.
80
75
70
54
60
50 Trained guides
40
25 22
30
Licensed AT
20
operator
10
0 14 10
Yes No No Response
Operators across states and regions were very cautious and sceptical in reporting
their estimated revenue generated from adventure tourism activities. About 45% of
operators report revenue between Rs. 20-50 lakhs. Operator in the more than Rs. 4
Cr category is very few.
Percentage of Operators Reporting

Rs. 20 - 50 Lacs
4
32 8 3 Rs. 50 Lacs - < Rs. 1

7 Cr
Rs. 1 - 1.5 Cr
45
Rs. 2 - 3 Cr
Rs. 3 - 4 Cr

XVII. Conclusion
India is country with immense diversity in geographical conditions and nature and
hence there are immense opportunities for tourists of domestic and foreign origin to
practise various kinds of adventure activity in India. Some of the key points that
emerged from this study on adventure tourism are put forth as follows:
 In total 28 states and union territories of India adventure tourism is prevalent

and most of the adventure tourism activities are practised in India. Adventure
activities like Trekking, Mountaineering, Camping, Paragliding, Cycling,
Parasailing, Bungee jumping, Water Rafting, Rappling, Hot air balloon, Scuba-
diving, Bike tour, Rock climbing, Go Karting, Snorkeling, jeep safari, house
boat stays, Sky driving, Hang Gliding, etc. are the practised forms of
adventure activity in India
 The study found more than 980 adventure tour operators providing
adventure tourism activities to tourists
 This study on adventure tourism in India, revealed that majority of tourists
who are taking part in adventure activities in India have done their booking
through tour oprators. This was observed for touriststhat were surveyed in all
the 28 states and union territories of India.
 In the calendar year of 2015, the adventure tour operators in India had
provided their services and conducted adventure tourism activity bookings
for around 27.47 lakhs adventure tourists. The estimated total number of
adventure tourist visits in India was around 31 lakhs in the calendar year of
2015.
 Trekking, camping and wildlife safaris was the most practiced land based
adventure activity in the north zone states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Rajasthan. Trekking and wildlife
tours were the most practiced land based adventure activity in the south
zone west zone and East & North-East zone states.
 Paragliding was the most popular air based adventure activity in in the north
zone states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir,
Uttarakhand and Rajasthan. Ultra-light flying, paragliding and parasailing
were the most practiced air based adventure activity in the south zone states.
Paragliding and parasailing were the most practiced air based adventure
activity in the west zone states. Paragliding was the most practiced air based
adventure activity in the East & North-East zone states.
 White water rafting was the most practiced water based adventure activity in
in the north zone states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu &
Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Rajasthan. Boat safaris and kayaking was the most
practiced water based adventure activity in the south zone states. Boat
safaris and river cruising was the most practiced water based adventure
activity in the west zone states. Boat safaris, white water rafting and river
cruising was the most practiced water based adventure activity in the East &
North-East zone states.
 Majority of domestic adventure tourists in north and east & North-east zone
states spent around INR 20,000 to INR 30,000 per head per trip for adventure
packages. Majority of domestic adventure tourists in south zone and west
zone states spent around INR 10,000 to INR 20,000 per head per trip for
adventure packages.
 Majority of foreign adventure tourists in north, south, west zone states spent
around less than US$ 4000 per head per trip for adventure packages.
 Websites/ internet and friends & relatives are the major source of
information about adventure tourism activities and destinations. In the north
zone states, previous visit was also one of the most important sources of
information on adventure tourism activities and adventure tour operators.
 Majority of adventure tourists that were surveyed in the 28 states and union
territories of India were domestic tourists.
 Majority of adventure tourists were satisfied with their adventure trip and
adventure tour operator.
 Majority of adventure tourists are overnights tourists between 21- 30 years
of age (in north and east & north-east zone states) and males. In the south
zone and west zone states, majority of adventure tourists were of 31-40
years of age. Majority are in private service and business activities and
financially comfortable backgrounds.

XVIII. Popular Adventure Activities in India vis-à-vis World
India:
Adventure tourism in India mainly consists of soft adventure tours and hardcore
adventure tourism in India is still at a nascent stage. Soft adventure activities like
wildlife/ jeep safaris in the many national parks is the top land based adventure
activities of adventure travellers in India. Trekking followed by camping are the other
most popular land based adventure activity in India. India’s mountainous fast rivers
are apt for adventure activities like rafting and a lot of travellers are taking rafting
holidays. Hence water rafting in India is the top water based adventure activity in
India. Boat safaris followed by houseboat stays are the other popular water based
adventure activity in India. Parasailing and paragliding are the top two air based
adventure activities in India. The top adventure activities in India in terms of
estimated adventure tourist visits in calender year 2015 are presented in the pie
diagram below.
Top 15 Estimated Adventure Tourist Visits in India

Elephant/Camel/
Horse/Yak
House Boat
Safaris, 73343
stays, 57030
Parasailing, 15490
Cycling, 60975 Motor Bike
1 tours, 34844
Boat
safaris, 232252
Camping, 341436 Paragliding, 9777
0 Kayaking, 30790
Rock
Climbing, 28757
Trekking, 547413 Artificial Wall
Climbing, 22561
Water
Wildlife/ Jeep Rafting, 997040
Safaris, 675521
Bungee
Jumping, 18374
Please note that these top 15 adventure activities shown in the pie diagram above
are contribution 97% of the total estimated adventure tourism visits in India in the
calender year of 2015.

India – Top 3 Land Based Adventure Tourism Activity Domestic & Foreign Tourist
Visit Distribution
The top 3 land based adventure tourism activity in India is presented in the figure
below.
1. Wildlife/
Jeep Safaris
2. Trekking
3. Camping
The distribution of domestic and foreign tourist visits for wildlife/ jeep safaris,
trekking and camping is presented in the following figures.
Wildlife/ Jeep Safaris
201756
Domestic Tourist
473765 Visits
Foreign Tourist
Visits
Trekking
41928
Domestic Tourist
Visits
505485 Foreign Tourist
Visits

Camping
28496
Domestic Tourist
Visits
Visits
India – Top 3 Water Based Adventure Tourism Activity Domestic & Foreign Tourist
Visit Distribution
The top 3 Water based adventure tourism activity in India is presented in the figure
below.
1. Water
Rafting
2. Boat Safaris
3. Houseboat
Stays
The distribution of domestic and foreign tourist visits for water rafting, boat safaris
and houseboat stays is presented in the following figures.
20148 Water Rafting
Domestic Tourist
Visits
Visits

Boat Safaris
19368
Domestic Tourist
Visits
Visits
4265
Houseboat Stays
Domestic Tourist
Visits
Visits
India – Top 3 Air Based Adventure Tourism Activity Domestic & Foreign Tourist Visit
Distribution
The top 3 air based adventure tourism activity in India is presented in the figure
below.
1. Parasailing
2. Paragliding
3. Hot Air
Ballooning
The distribution of domestic and foreign tourist visits for parasailing, paragliding and
hot air ballooning is presented in the following figures.

Parasailing
2919
Domestic Tourist
Visits
Visits
Paragliding
12775
Domestic Tourist
Visits
Visits
Hot Air Ballooning
925
Domestic Tourist
Visits
Visits
World:
When it comes to popular adventure activities in the world, there are many and
there are also terrain based specific adventure activities that attract adventure
travellers from all over the world. Some of the popular adventure activities that are
undertaken internationally are wildlife safaris, skydiving, rafting, bungee jumping,
ziplining, rappelling, mountain climbing, skiing, boating, scuba diving, desert safaris
etcetera.

Wildlife Safaris:
Wildlife safaris is a popular land based soft adventure sport in the world. Some of
the most popular safari experiences are Masai Mara and Nairobi National park
safaris in Kenya, Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, Kruger National Park and
Madikwe Game Reserve in South Africa, Bandhavgarh National Park, Periyar Tiger
Reserve and Kanha National Park in India, orangutan sanctuary in Borneo, Everglades
National Park in Florida (USA), Manaus Amazon Trek, Pacific Rim National Park in
Canada, Punta Tombo Wildlife Reserves and Peninsula .
Skydiving:
Skydiving is a popular air based adventure sport in the world. Some of the most
popular skydiving or parachuting experiences are skydiving over the Swiss Alps and
lakes in Interlaken in Switzerland, skydiving in Hawaii, Key West, Miami, Grand
Canyon in USA, Dubai in UAE, Mount Everest in Nepal, Queenstown in New Zealand,
Cairns in Australia, Empuriabrava in Spain and Cape Town in South Africa.
Rafting:
Whether hurtling downstream or navigating treacherous rapids that threaten to
overturn your dingy, river rafting is an exhilarating way to get your pulse racing and
your clothes soaking. Some of the world’s best rafting experiences are Tully River
Full-Day White Water Rafting from Cairns boasting an incredible 45 rapids, rafting on
Zambezi river in Zambia, Whitewater Rafting on the Pacuare River in Costa Rica,
Colorado River/Grand Canyon Rafting Trip from Las Vegas, rafting on Ottawa river
and Magpie river in Canada, Futaleufu river in Chile, Salmon river’s Middlee fork in
Idaho (USA). Black Water Rafting at Waitomo Caves near Auckland is another
popular rafting experience.
Ziplining:
Ziplining has emerged as one of the popular adventure activity and the most popular
Ziplining experiences in the world are Flightlinez in Las Vegas, Rainforest canopy and
Ziplining in Alaska, KipuZipline Safari in Hawaii, longest zipline circuit in North
America on a Cancun Extreme Zipline Canopy Tour, Zipline Canopy Eco-Adventure
from San Juan in Puerto Ricco and Dominican Republic's first zipline on a Punta Cana
Zipline Canopy Adventure.
Bungee jumping:
Bungee jumping due to its resemblance to an ultimate death-defying plunge has
become one of the most popular adventure sports in the world. The most popular
places for bungee jumping are the Original Kawarau Bridge and Nevis Highwire
Bungee Jump in Queenstown in New Zealand, Royal Gorge bridge in Colorado (USA),
Macau Tower in Macau (China), Verzasca Dam and Niouc Bridge in Switzerland,

Bloukrans Bridge in South Africa, Innsbruck and Carinthia in Austria, The last resort in
nepal, Victoria Falls bungee in Zambia and Volcano bungee in Chile.
Boating:
With so many of the world’s towns and cities founded near a water source, it’s no
wonder that touring a destination by boat gives visitors a unique perspective on the
history and daily life of a given place. Some of the most popular boating and river
cruising experiences in the world are Fjords boating in Norway, Boating in Halong
bay in Vietnam, Boating down Amazon river in South America, Boating on Franklin
river in Australia, Boating in the backwaters of Kerala in India, Geneva City Tour and
Boat Cruise, South Lake Tahoe Boating, Bayou Airboat Ride in New Orleans.
Catamaran cruise on Na Pali Coast Kauai Snorkel and Sail excursion and Venice Grand
Canal Boat Tour.
Rappelling:
Even more thrilling than climbing up a mountain, is rappelling, or abseiling, down
one. Brazil's mammoth Iguassu Falls, Rio de Janeiro's iconic Sugar Loaf Mountain,
underground cave rappelling in the Yucatan, Victoria Falls in Zambia, Kondhana
Caves in Karjat (Maharashtra, India), Table Mountain in Cape Town and
Johannesburg in South Africa and churchman’s Brook in Perth (Australia).
Surfing:
Surfing is considered as one of the extreme water sports and is popular in the world.
The most popular surfing destinations are Bondi Beach in Sydney (Australia), Ulu
Watu in Bali (Indonesia), Playa Grande in Costa Rica, Jeffreys Bay in South Africa,
Huntington Beach and Sam Clemente in California (USA), Hawaii in USA, Porto in
Portugal.
Skiing:
Skiing is one of the most popular adventure tourism activities in the world and
especially in summer. The countries where skiing is most popular and practiced also
has some of the finest ski resorts and ski trails in the world. The top 10 countries for
skiing are France, Canada, Bulgaria, USA, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Finland, Scotland
and New Zealand.

XIX. Way Forward
There is an immense potential for development of adventure tourism in India since

India has all the requirements for developing all kinds of adventure tourism activities
possible. Some of the key points that emerged from this study are put forth as
follows:
 In India, in case of the high safety requirement adventure activities that are
performed, like parasailing, paragliding, sky diving, etc., the safety standards
is that of as prescribed by the central Governemnt. There are no rules and
regulations that are prescribed by the state governments and there is an
absence of a regulatory body that will conduct time to time inspections of
safety and security mechanisms in place. In the wake of the emerging
popularity of adventure tourism, it is highly required that a regulatory body
be present to conduct standard checks regularly on the safety and security
arrangements of adventure tourism activities in all the states and union
territories.
 There is a fine line in between vigorous development and practice of
adventure tourism activities and destroying the ecology and nature in the
adventure tourism acticity destinations. In some cases the lines get blurred
and some rules and act of law prohibit the growth and sustenance of
adventure tourism activities. An example of the above is cited below.

 Hence it is suggested that a committee or a regulatory body be created under
the guidance of Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, which will look
after all the prospects of adventure tourism in India.

GUNJAN ROHATGI
Nielsen (India) Pvt. Ltd.
7thFloor, 404-405,
ILAB INFO TECHNOLOGY CENTRE,
Near Country Inns & Suites,
UdyogVihar Phase III,
Gurgaon Haryana
Mobile: +91-9818206254
Phone: +91-0124-6629766
Fax No. +91-124-6629099

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ADVENTURE TOURISM MARKET

Adventure Tourism Market Study in India Page 1

We are thankful to the Ministry of Tourism, Government of

We are also grateful to Dr. R.K. Bhatnagar Additional Director

We would also like to thank Shri S.K. Mohanta, DPA

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 2

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 3

Table 1 Sample Size Calcualtion .............................................................................................................. 8

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 4

To date no definition of adventure tourism exists in UNWTO literature; however, the

Adventure tourism is resilient, supports local economies, attracts high value

The Terms of Reference (TOR) of the Study is as follows:

 Total no. of overnight tourists and expenditure incurred by them

 Why focus on Adventure Tourism?

Adventure tourism is a vibrant, dynamic and fast-changing sector. Adventure

II. Approach& Methodology

III. Sample Size

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 7

Table 1 Sample Size Calcualtion

State Destinations Activities Months of Activity Sample Size

IV. Estimation Methodology For Preparation of Estimates of

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 8

 Hence, in state A, let ZA be the estimated number of adventure tourists.

ZA= {(XA*YA)/ (1-YA)} + XA

 In state B, Let ZBbe the estimated number of adventure tourists. Therefore,

ZB= {(XB*YB)/ (1-YB)} + XB

 Therefore the estimated number of adventure tourists for India is

The destinations were identified in the course of secondary research conducted by

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 9

Table 2State-Wise List of Adevtnure Destinations and Adventure Activities

Zone State Tour Destination Visited Activity

WEST Maharashtra Mumbai, Chandrapur, Alibag Trekking, Hiking, Camping, Paragliding,

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 10

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 11

EAST Arunachal Itanagar,Bhal Nam-da-pa, Bomdila,- Mountaineering, Wildlife Safaris,

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 12

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 13

VII. Monthly and Annual Estimates of Adventure Travellers in India

As per the methodology for estimation of adventure tourists, the estimation of

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 14

State Month Wise Tourists Sent by Tour Operators

Adventure Tourism Market Study in India Page 15

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 16

State Annual Ratio

Adventure Tourism Market Study in India Page 17

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 18

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 19

Table 7Annual Estimates of Adventure Tourist Visits

States Annual Estimated Adventure Tourist Visits

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 20

State Land Based

Adventure Tourism Market Study in India Page 21

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 22

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 23

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 24

Rajasthan 1137 0 0 0 958 0

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 25

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 26

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 27

Adventure Tourist Visits

Adventure Tourism Market Study in India Page 28

Overnight Adventure Tourist

Adventure Tourism Study in India Page 29