Professional Documents
Culture Documents
In a small
project, little organization structure is needed. There might be a primary sponsor, project
manager and a project team. However, for large projects, there are more and more people
involved, and it is important that people understand what they are expected to do, and what role
people are expected to fill.
1.0 Client
Being responsible for the execution of the project from the initial idea to implementation
Choosing the players involved in all stages from design through construction to long
term management
Ensuring that the needs of building users/customers are met
Ensuring that the relevant permissions are secured (planning etc) in partnership with the
professionals appointed to the project
May also be financier and maybe an owner.
It is worth mentioning that in many asset transfer projects the role of client may also be split.
Projects can have different stakeholders and funders each of whom will have different
requirements for being involved in the process of development and construction. It may be
helpful to specifically consider the implications for the project of who take on the roles of 'Client'
and 'Employer' at the construction stage.
The client has an important role in the process since they will appoint advisors, authorize work
to take place, agree costs and timetable and appoint professionals to the project. Some projects
will have a community organization or group as the client but may have difficulties with the role
of Employer due to its liabilities.
At contract stage this client role is mostly known as the Employer and comes with specific
liabilities. When the contract is ready for signing, the Employer for the contract is responsible for
payments to the contractor and other professionals and may also take handover of the land or
buildings when complete.
2.0 Consultant
Consultants are professionals, typically, appointed to by the client to perform expert tasks on a
project. This might include:
Providing advice on setting up and defining the project.
Developing and co-coordinating the design.
Preparing production information and tender documentation.
Contract administration.
Inspecting the work of contractors.
The client may wish to allocate the roles of lead designer and lead consultant to one or more
of these consultants to co-ordinate the work of the rest of the team. It might also be appropriate
to appoint a design co-coordinator for the co-ordination and integration of design prepared by
specialist, and an information manager for building information modeling. During the early
stages of a project, the client might appoint independent client advisers to give them
independent professional advice. They might also appoint a project manager to represent
the client and take responsibility for the day-to-day management of the project. The members
of the consultant team that are likely to be required on most projects are:
Architect.
Landscape Architect
Land Surveyor
Building Surveyor
Quantity Surveyor
Site Engineer.
Seeking and taking into account the views of local residents, potential users, and parties
with a vested interest in the project.
Accurately preparing and presenting detailed plans and working drawings, including
applications, construction details and specifications for the project.
Presenting proposals to clients, dealing with enquiries and negotiating any amendments
to the final design.
Matching the client's wishes with your knowledge of what will work best.
Putting work out to tender, selecting a contractor and manager (mainly for larger
projects), and leading cross-functional teams.
Monitoring and checking work on-site (on large projects, landscape managers may do
this type of supervisory work).
2.2 Architect
Architects work in the construction industry and are involved with designing new buildings,
extensions or alterations to existing buildings, or advising on the restoration and conservation of
old properties. They usually control a project from start to finish and work with a number of
construction professionals, including surveyors and engineers, producing drawings and
specifications that the construction team works to.
Role and Responsibilities
Preparing and presenting feasibility reports and design proposals to the client;
Advising the client on the practicality of their project.
Using IT in design and project management, specifically using computer-aided design
software.
Producing detailed workings, drawings and specifications.
Preparing applications for planning and building control departments.
Drawing up tender documents for contracts.
Project managing and helping to coordinate the work of contractors.
Preparing tender and contract documents, including bills of quantities with the architect
and/or the client.
Undertaking cost analysis for repair and maintenance project work.
Assisting in establishing a client's requirements and undertaking feasibility studies.
Performing risk, value management and cost control.
Advising on procurement strategy.
Identifying, analyzing and developing responses to commercial risks.
Preparing and analyzing costing for tenders.
Allocating work to subcontractors.
Providing advice on contractual claims.
Analyzing outcomes and writing detailed progress reports.
Valuing completed work and arranging payments.
Maintaining awareness of the different building contracts in current use.
Understanding the implications of health and safety regulations.
3.0 Contractor
Contractor is the person that involved with the project from beginning to the end of the project
phase. The general responsibilities of a building contractor entail the individual planning and
carrying through any and all pertinent activities relating to the construction of a dwelling, building
or other structure. There are many duties which a building contractor must complete on a daily
basis in order to ensure that the construction project is completed in a timely and correct
manner.
Role and Responsibilities
Responsible for hiring, supervising and, at times, firing employees who work on the
specific project with the contractor.
Take care of payroll with regard to the workers and engage in payroll functions or hire
someone to do so for the contractor.
Responsibility for obtaining materials for the project. It is up to the contractor to acquire
goods to build the structures. This involves various forms of correspondence with
necessary material suppliers.
Acquire all necessary licenses and permits from relevant entities so that the building
project can begin.
Establish a budget for the construction project and follow that budget as closely as
possible. This will allow the building contractor to obtain supplies, hire workers and finish
the construction in a cost-efficient manner.
Deals with all emergencies and surprises which relate to the project and occur on-site
and sometimes off-site as well.
4.0 Local Authorities
Local authority will contributes ensuring the project follows accordingly to what local standards
should be.
Role and Responsibilities
Make sure that the project is in accordance with the rules set.
Ensure that the project is safe either during the project is in progress and for users to
stay.
Approving the application for the erection of buildings.
Approving the building or the projects plan.
Issued the Certificate of Completion and Compliant (CCC).
Usually the local authorities that related to the construction to issue the Certificate of Completion
and Compliant (CCC) are:
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
5.0 References
1.
Construction - Clients Construction Design and Management legal duties. (n.d.).
Retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/cdm/clients.htm
2.
What does an Architect do? (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.sokanu.com/careers/architect/
3.
Landscape architect: Job description | Prospects.ac.uk. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.prospects.ac.uk/landscape_architect_job_description.htm
4.
What is a Quantity Surveyor in the construction industry? | Project Resource. (n.d.).
Retrieved from http://www.project-resource.co.uk/blog/article/what-is-a-quantity-surveyor-in-theconstruction-industry
5.
Land surveying and its importance - Construction Review Online. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://constructionreviewonline.com/2015/01/land-surveying-importance/
6.
Town Planner: Duties, Responsiblities and Job Information. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://study.com/articles/Town_Planner_Duties_Responsiblities_and_Job_Information.html
7.
Civil Engineer | Job Guide. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.jobguide.thegoodguides.com.au/occupation/Civil-Engineer
8.
pihak yang terlibat dalam projek pembinaan. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.slideshare.net/FiQahhAmiNn/pihak-yang-terlibat-dalam-projek-pemi