Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2.
C[1]
3.
B[1]
4.
D[1]
5.
A[1]
6.
A[1]
7.
D[1]
13.
C[1]
15.
C[1]
16.
(a)
(b)
1
[2]
17.
A
[1]
18.
C
[1]
19.
(a)
(b)
(c)
1
[3]
20.
(a)
(i)
2
1
(ii)
2+
(c)
2NaNO3 2NaNO2 + O2
ALLOW multiples or equation divided by 2 Ignore state symbols even if
incorrect
ALLOW
Extra oxygen molecules on both sides in a balanced equation
No as.
double bond would be shorter (than single bond) / shorter than dative
(covalent) bond.
ALLOW
Structure has double and single bonds (between N and O)
Double and single bonds have different lengths
(i)
2
2
(e)
At T2 more molecules/collisions have energy greater than (or equal to) EA (1)
This can be shown on the diagram by indicating areas to right of vertical line
Energy must be at least EA for successful collision / for reaction (1)
OR So more collisions have sufficient energy to react (1)
Ignore references to the average energy and speed of the molecules
2
[12]
21.
(a)
(i)
Ethanol
Alkenes
(ii)
(b)
(i)
Purple solid
(iii)
(c)
30.
D[1]
31.
C[1]
32.
A[1]
33.
B[1]
35.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(i)
orange
Yellow
Any colour in conjunction with orange
(ii)
(iii)
IGNORE sf
Allow TE from b (ii)
(iv)
2
3
(i)
Barium/Ba/Ba
2+
1
[16]
38.
A[1]
39.
C[1]
40.
D[1]
41.
C[1]
42.
B[1]
43.
B[1]
44.
C[1]
45.
D[1]
46.
A[1]
47.
A[1]
48.
A[1]
49.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
2.3 10 / 0.000023
OR candidates answer to (ii) divided by 2
(iv)
(b)
(i)
2
1
QWC
Redox as chlorine removes/gains electrons from the metal
(and is reduced) (1)
And metal gives/loses electrons to the chlorine (and is oxidised) (1)
(ii)
1
5
(iii)
Ca(ClO)2 (1)1
(iv)
QWC
Cl is oxidised from +4 (in ClO2) to +5 (in HClO3) (1)
and is reduced (from +4) to +1 (in HClO) (1)
(c)
QWC
Any of the five points below as long as they are logically connected
and use correct scientific terminology plus 1 mark for an equation
to a maximum of 6 marks.
CFCs are greenhouse gases
because their dipole moment changes when they vibrate
and so contribute to global warming
depletion of the ozone layer
causes less ozone to absorb UV radiation (from the sun) /
increase in UV reaching the earths surface
causes skin cancer / mutations
CFCs (decompose photolytically to) produce free radical
chlorine atoms/ Cl radicals
Recognition that one Cl radical can cause the destruction
of many thousands of ozone molecules / or mention of
chain reaction
Equations Cl + O3 ClO + O2
ClO + O Cl + O2
Either equation or other relevant equation (1)
6
[17]
51.
(a)
(i)
(pale) green
Crimson
Accept red
Accept scarlet
Accept carmine
Accept depth of red colour e.g.
Dark red
Deep red
Pale red
Light red
Bright red
Reject red with any other colour e.g.
Brick-red
Orange-red
Yellow-red
Magenta
Sri Lankan School
(b)
Ba
81.1
137
= 0.592
1
O
18.9
16
= 1.18
2
(1)
(i)
Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2
Ignore state symbols even if they are wrong
Accept multiples
Reject equations based on BaO
(ii)
Gets warm
Accept heat produced
Effervescence/fizzing/ bubbles/mist
Accept bubbles of hydrogen
Ba sinks/moves up and down /Does not float
Give one mark for observation from each bullet point to max of 2
3 answers given, one wrong scores (1)
3 answers given, two wrong scores zero
Ignore mention of Steam/steamy fumes
Ba gets smaller
Ba disappears
Goes cloudy / precipitate
Gas/hydrogen evolved is not an observation
1
[8]
52.
(a)
(i)
2CsNO3 2CsNO2 + O2
Correct balanced equation
1
7
(i)
Insoluble (1)
(d)
1
2+
53.
(a)
(i)
1
8
(ii)
H2SO4 : +6 / 6 / VI / 6+
HSO4 : +6 / 6/ VI / 6+
SO2 : +4/4/IV / 4+
H2S : 2 / II / 2
All four correct 2 marks
Any 3 correct 1 mark
Reject superscript + e.g S
(iii)
6+
54.
(i)
(ii)
EITHER
HSOLN = (HLE + HHYD) (1)
Expression quoted or correctly used in at least one of
the calculations below
Accept answer only with no working (1)
HSOLN MgSO4 = (2874) + (1920)
1
4
[6]
55.
(a)
(i)
Br2(aq) + H2O(l)
2H (aq) + Br (aq) + BrO (aq)
formulae (1)
balancing (ignore state symbols) (1)
+
Accept
H (aq) + Br (aq) + HBrO(aq)/ BrOH
+
(iv)
Accept Br2(l)
Sri Lankan School
10
Accept multiples
Reject Cl2(aq)
Reject Br2 (g) Br(aq)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Accept multiples
[10]
56.
(a)
(i)
Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2
IGNORE state symbols
Accept multiples
Reject Ba + H2O BaO + H2
(ii)
Accept multiples
Reject HNaSO4
(b)
(i)
Accept yellow-green
Reject any mention of blue e.g. blue green OR any other colour
(ii)
Red
1
Accept deep/dark red / carmine/crimson /scarlet
Reject lilac
Reject any mention of lilac e.g. lilac-red OR any other colour
(c)
11
12
(d)
(1)
(1)
e.g.
Percentage of oxygen = 45.1 (1)
K
54.9
39
1.41
O
45.1
16
2.82
(1)
KO2 (1)
3
Accept use of atomic numbers 2 max
Accept use of O2 Mr ~ 32 but only if give formula KO2 (for 3
marks)
Reject mole calculation then inverted, no consequential
marking on formula
[10]
57.
(a)
Either version
State symbols (Ignore these)
Multiples
H2SO4 + NaCl NaSO4 + H2 Cl (0)
Correct formulae (1) Balanced (1)
Second mark depends on first being correct
4 correct formulae with an additional existing molecule
eg H2, SO2 Max 1
(b)
(i)
(i)
13
58.
(i)
Red/brick-red/orange-red (1)
NOT Orange on its own
Yellow (1)
2
ALLOW orange
(ii)
3
[5]
62.
(a)
Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
formula Ca(OH)2 (1)
correct equation (1)
ignore state symbols
incorrect symbol for calcium, penalise once
Any one from each line (max 2)
Gets warm (1)
Effervescence / fizzing/bubbles / mist/steam / bobs up & down (1)
white ppt / white solid / cloudy / milky / white suspension (1)
Ca disappears / gets smaller / dissolves (1)
If more than two answers given and one or more wrong max 1
(b)
Increases
(c)
(i)
24.4 / 40 = 0.61
17.1 / 14 = 1.22
if rounded to 1dp, must be correct
58.5 / 16 = 3.66
(0.61 / 0.61) = 1
(1.22 / 0.61) = 2
(Therefore it is CaN2O6)
penalise use of atomic number once
(3.66 / 0.61) = 6
14
40 100
40 28 96
Ca %
28 100
164
96 100
164
N%
O %
4000
24.4%
164
(1)
17.1%
58.5 %
(1)
2
(ii)
3
[10]
63.
(a)
(b)
(ii)
(c)
Fluorine / F2
ACCEPT Flourine / Flurine / Florine
NOT F or Fl2
(d)
+1 / 1+ / +I / I+ / I
+5 / 5+/ +V / V+ / V
+ can be sub or superscript
(e)
15
(f)
(i)
(ii)
Cl(g) + e Cl (g)
species (1)
state symbols (1) only for correct equation and
2
[14]
65.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
2
3
no. moles S 2 O 3 used = 12.5 0. 1 / 1000 = 1. 25 10 (1)
(1)
(iii)
(c)
QWC
(d)
(1)
3
2
[14]
16
67.
O + H2O 2OH
IGNORE state symbols
2+
ALLOW if Mg shown on both sides
1
[1]
68.
(a)
(b)
Gas / g
green/pale green/yellow (1)
Liquid / l brown/red-brown / orange / red-orange
Solid / s (dark) grey ALLOW black
IGNORE shiny / silver
Any combination of allowed colours
(i)
(ii)
[8]
69.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
-0.5 / / -.5
KNO3 because K / potassium ion has larger radius / is larger - ion essential (1)
+
3
17
[4]
18
72.
4
[4]
73.
(a)
H + I OR all dots/crosses
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
HI + H2O H3O + I
IGNORE state symbols
+
1
[10]
74.
Magnesium or beryllium
1
[1]
75.
10
(a)
2p 3s 3p 3d 4s (1) 4p 5s (1)
(b)
(i)
Sr(g) Sr (g) + e
Formulae (1)
(ii)
(c)
(d)
(i)
Sr
2+
(ii)
Sr(OH)2
(i)
(e)
1
[14]
76.
2+
Ca Ca
(ii)
2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH
(iii)
Ca + 2H2O Ca + H2 + 2OH
Or
Ca(OH)2 + H2
NOT consequential on (i) and (ii)
(iv)
+ 2e / Ca 2e Ca
2+
(i)
2+
(b)
Increases
(c)
2
[8]
77.
(a)
(b)
Bromine/Br2
(i)
(ii)
(c)
(d)
+1 , +5 / 1+, 5+ / I, V (2)
1, 5
(1)
1, 5
(0)
+
5+
Superscript pluses penalised once eg Cl , C1 (1)
+
3+
BUT Cl , Cl (0) ie two errors
2
[10]
83.
(a)
(b)
(i)
+7/7+ /VII
(ii)
+7/7+ /VII
(i)
Sn
2+
+ 2e
()
I2 + 2e
Sri Lankan School
4+
Sn
()
21 (1)
OR Sn
2+
2e
()
4+
Sn (1)
2
20
21
(ii)
2+
4+
Sn + I2 Sn + 2I
IGNORE state symbols
1
[5]
88.
(a)
Cl
28.98/35.5
O
39.18/16
0.8163
2.448
Divide by Ar (1)
Divide by smallest
1
1
3
M u s t b e 2 o r m o r e s ig n if ic a n t f ig u r e s
Alternative multiply by Ar + SUM (1)
(b)
Calc % (1)
3
[6]
89.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
3
[7]
90.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
Sri Lankan School
Lower IE / loses outer electrons more easily (therefore faster reaction) (1) 2
(iii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
5
[14]
93.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(c)
(d)
(e)
The solution goes (from colourless to) dark brown / black solid
produced (1)
(i)
(ii)
Fe
(iii)
Br2 + 2Fe
or this
(i)
(ii)
Disproportionation (1)
(i)
(ii)
2+
Fe
3+
2+
+ e (1)
2Br + 2Fe
1
1
3+
(1)
2
[15]
96.
(a)
(b)
23
97.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
3
[7]
100. (a)
(b)
(i)
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(d)
NaCl
or
2NaCl
H2SO4 NaHSO4
HCl (1)
H2SO4 Na2SO4
2HCl (1)
2
[12]
102. (a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
24
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
2+
2+
3
[14]
103. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
B (1)
Substance on wire in flame (1) not burn or heat (in test tube)
(Pale) green flame for barium (1)
No colour for magnesium (1)
or
add dilute sulphuric acid (1)
barium hydroxide does not dissolve (1)
magnesium hydroxide dissolves / forms colourless solution (1)
or
Valid chemical test
4
[10]
105. (a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
2
[11]
106. (a)
(i)
Loss of electrons
(ii)
(iii)
25
(b)
(c)
(ii)
Disproportionation
(i)
SO2: +4
(i)
SO4 : +6
(ii)
(iii)
2
[12]
108. (a)
formal charge
OR
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(d)
max 1
white precipitate (1) soluble in ammonia. (1) chloride cream ppte (1)
slightly soluble in ammonia (1) bromide yellow ppte (1)
insoluble in ammonia (1) iodide
109. (a)
110. (a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
less (1)
26
(iv)
(Cat)ion size increases down the Group / charge density decreases (1)
(not atom size)
The polarizing power of the cation decreases down the Group (1).
The less polarized the anion is by the cation the more difficult the nitrate is to
decompose (1).
Polarisation mark could come from the less the electron cloud is distorted
or
trend in cation size (1)
comparison of the lattice energies of the nitrate and the oxide (1)
balance in favour of oxide at top of group
and the nitrate at the bottom (1)
3
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Kp = p(NO2)
p(N2O4)
3
[16]
6.
(a)
(i)
First mark:
Activation energy for the reaction is too high / (if cooled) molecules
would not have enough energy to react / few(er) molecules have the
required Ea/more molecules have energy Ea at higher temperatures
OR
not (technologically) feasible to cool the gases before they enter the
converter/costly to cool the gases (1)
27
Second mark:
(cooling the gases would make) the rate (too) slow /rate is faster if the
temperature is high (so the gases are not cooled) (1) 2
Cooling the gases decreases the yield (of products) /an
incorrect Le Chatelier argument
(iii)
(i)
NO3 + 4H + 3e NO + 2H2O
ACCEPT multiples
(iii)
Ag Ag + e
()
2
()
/ Ag e
Ag
ACCEPT multiples
IGNORE state symbols, even if incorrect
Ag + e
(iv)
3Ag + NO3 + 4H
Ag+
+
16.
C
[1]
28
17.
(a)
(b)
1
[2]
20.
(a)
Starch (solution)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
1
3
= 2.37 10 g (1)
(= 237.2 / 237 / 240 g) units required
( within limit)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
2
[13]
34.
(a)
(i)
metallic
Reject metal
(ii)
29
(b)
(i)
x
Cl
x
(1 )
o
X
o
o
o o
o o
o
Cl
o
o o
o o
o
o
o
o
(1 )
(iii)
strontium / calcium
Accept rubidium
[8]
35.
(a)
Lithium
carmine/ red/ magenta/ crimson
Any combination of these or prefaced by deep or dark
Accept scarlet
Reject brick-red
Potassium: lilac
Accept mauve or purple
Sodium: yellow
Accept orange or yellow-orange
All three correct 2 marks
Two correct 1 mark
(b)
Electrons (absorb heat energy and) are promoted (to higher level) (1)
Accept excited
Accept any phrase that implies movement to higher level
If answer based on absorption spectra scores zero
They drop back and emit light/radiation (of characteristic colour) (1)
(i)
Accept multiples
Accept 2LiCl +H2SO4 Li2SO4 +2HCl
(iii)
Accept multiples
+
Accept Ag + I AgI
[6]
38.
(a)
10
10
3d 4s and 3d
1
1
10
Accept 4s 3d
(b)
(i)
QWC*
the (3)d subshell is full (1)
Accept orbitals (it must be plural) for sub-shell
Reject comments on partially filled sub-shell
so no d-d transitions are possible
OR no transitions in the right energy range are possible (1)
(and no light is absorbed)
nd
Any mention of light emission loses 2 mark
(ii)
2+
+ Cu (1)
and show that E for this is (+) 0.37 (V) (and as it is positive it is
feasible) (1)
conditional on correct reaction
(i)
CuSO4.Cu(OH)2 (2)
If formula wrong but sulphate/ SO4 is present scores 1 (out of 2)
Accept Cu2SO4(OH)2
Accept Cu2(OH)2SO4
Accept (CuOH)2SO4
Reject HSO4 instead of SO4
Sri Lankan School
31
(iii)
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]
2+
Accept [Cu(NH3)4]
Reject [Cu(NH3)6]
(d)
2+
2+
(iv)
(i)
QWC
(v)
39.
(a)
(i)
Blue
1
Accept purple
Reject green, green-blue
(ii)
OH / HO / OH / HO
1
[3]
40.
(a)
32
1
[2]
43.
(a)
Ca + O2CaO
+
+
+
C
+
+
+
+
+
a
+
+
2+
+ O
+
++
++
(1)
(c)
(1)
(i)
Calcium hydroxide
NOT limewater
(ii)
10 14
1
[5]
33
44.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
3 +2 = +6
(i)
(ii)
pipette
ALLOW burette
NOT measuring cylinder
(iii)
24.0
2.4(0) 10 4
1000
OR 0.00024 (mol)
2.40 10 4
4
2
1.2(0) 10 (mol) OR 0.00012 (mol)
1
3
1
[12]
48.
(a)
(i)
(1s ) 2s 2p 3s 3p
(ii)
rd
th
34
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
3+
Al Al + 3e
OR 3e on LHS
ALLOW multiples
IGNORE state symbols
O2 + 4e 2O (NOT O + 2e O ) (NOT O2 2O
ALLOW multiples
IGNORE state symbols
4e )
1
1
[6]
51.
O + H2O 2OH
IGNORE state symbols
2+
ALLOW if Mg shown on both sides
1
[1]
52.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
iodine in I2 : 0
iodine in I : 1 (1)
sulphur in SO2 : +4
sulphur in SO4 : +6
(1)
2H2O
2I(aq)
+ SO4 (aq) +
4H+(aq)
1
the red colour would interfere with the colour change at the
end-point
OR so that the colour of the indicator/the end-point can be
seen/determined
35
(iii)
(12.2)
0.001 1.22 10 5 / 0.0000122
1000
moles of iodine =
(1)
moles of sulphur dioxide
5
= 1.22 10 (1)
ALLOW answer equal to or a single digit multiple of answer above
concentration of SO2
5
(iv)
(1)
1
[14]
53.
(a)
(i)
(1)
cycle with state symbols or as energy level diagram. (1)
labels (in symbols, words or numbers) (1)
2+
(b)
(i)
(ii)
) (1)
) OR formulae (1)
) (1)
4
[18]
54.
(a)
Any two
(Misty) steam / water droplets / condensation (on upper part of the test
tube) (1)
NOT water vapour
NOT white gas
Brown gas / fumes / vapour evolved (1)
NOT NO2 evolved
NOT fizzing
Crystals dissolve (in their own water of crystallisation) /melt /liquefy/
form a solution (1)
NOT crystals decompose/ get smaller/disappear
Forms a white solid (1)
(b)
Name (1)
Test (1) is dependent on correct material
e.g.
Water / Steam / H2O (1)
(Anhydrous) CuSO4(s) (white) to blue
OR
CoCl2(paper) (blue) to pink/purple (1)
NOT damp CoCl2(paper)
OR
Nitrogen dioxide / Nitrogen(IV) oxide / NO2 (1)
(moist) litmus/pH paper turns to red/orange/pink (1)
NOT pH meter
IF nitric acid, allow test with pH paper for 1(out of 2)
OR
Oxygen / O2 (1)
glowing splint (re)kindles (1)
2
[4]
55.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
OH / OH / HO / HO
IGNORE brackets
37
RQP
OR R Q P
OR R < Q <P
ACCEPT upper or lower case letters or mixture of both
1
[3]
59.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
ALLOW HK2PO4
ALLOW H2KPO4
ALLOW multiples
If overall formula of salt is correct ignore charges, even if
incorrect
(iii)
Reagent
(+)
()
silver nitrate (solution) / Ag NO3 (1)
If formula given must be correct
+
NOT Ag
Observation
Yellow / pale yellow precipitate/solid/crystals (1)
OR
Add chlorine/bromine with a hydrocarbon solvent to give
purple/pink/violet colour
nd
nd
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
Elements
Starch (1)
Blue-black /(dark) blue/black to colourless (1)
ALLOW no indicator/self-indicating/iodine and yellow to
colourless 1 (out of 2)
If indicator left blank (0)
nd
st
2 mark is dependent on 1
4
(iii)
(iv)
2
1
2
[17]
61.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
H + I OR all dots/crosses
shared pair (1)
st
correct outer shell (1) consequential on 1 mark
HI + H2O H3O + I
IGNORE state symbols
+
(c)
(i)
(ii)
1
[10]
66.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Cl in HCl: 1 / 1
O in H2O2: 1 / 1
Cl in Cl2: 0 (1)
O in H2O: 2 / 2 (1)
1
[4]
67.
1
[10]
68.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(iii)
Sodium/Na
(i)
460/0.05
1
1
+9200 J mol /+9.2 kJ mol (1)
sign and units (1)
1 for incorrect SF.
ALLOW TE from b(i) and/or b(ii)
Hr = H1 H2
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
(i)
40
(ii)
+9.2 85.2
1
= +94 kJ mol (1)
sign and units (1)
2
[15]
70.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Brown/yellow/red
OR any combination of the three eg red-brown.
NOT orange on its own or as a combination of the above
1/1
+5/5+
)
)
+4/4+
+6/6+
)
)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
1
[11]
71.
(a)
(b)
(i)
Hydrogen/H bonds
(ii)
[4]
74.
(a)
(b)
77.
(a)
Diagram showing
Electrons 2,8 (1)
Charge 2+ (1)
Energy/light/radiation
is emitted outside the visible spectrum/ in UV region
or frequency/wavelength/emission outside visible region.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
1
homolytic
B and C
1
1
41
(c)
(d)
(e)
(i)
C12 + CH4
CH3Cl
+ HCl
(ii)
(i)
-242 kJ mol
(ii)
2
1
1
2
[11]
78.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
White fumes
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
[11]
83.
(a)
(b)
(i)
White / colourless
(ii)
Yellow / orange
(iii)
(iv)
(i)
Sulphur / S
Bromine / Br
)
)
(1)
2 +3 = +6, 6 1 = 6
OR total change in ON of S = +6, total change in ON of Br = 6
OR Up 6, down 6
OR 6 electrons lost, 6 electrons gained
(ii)
(iii)
(ii)
(c)
(i)
[14]
Sri Lankan School
42
91.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Br2 + 2I I2 + 2Br
(iv)
blue-black colour
(b)
(c)
(i)
(1)
3+
(ii)
Cr2O7 + 14 H + 6I 2Cr
(i)
(ii)
) Any one
)
)
)
1
+ 3I2 + 7H2O
1
1
[11]
92.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
3
[7]
93.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(ii)
(iii)
Mg
or
2+
2+
2+
3
[14]
94.
(a)
B (1)
(b)
Substance on wire in flame (1) not burn or heat (in test tube)
(Pale) green flame for barium (1)
No colour for magnesium (1)
or
add dilute sulphuric acid (1)
barium hydroxide does not dissolve (1)
magnesium hydroxide dissolves / forms colourless solution (1)
or
Valid chemical test
(c)
(d)
[10]
96.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
2
[11]
44