1.

Calculation of maximum fault current at 220kV bus at Likhu-1 S/S.

0.463768
1/ 0

0.0012437558

Garma S/S
0.463768

Assuming,
Base MVA =
Base Voltage =

0.463768
100 MVA
132 kV
132kV

Base current =
Base impedence =

437.386567568 A
174.24

Inductance per phase per km in single ckt with verticle configuration =

Impedance in single ckt with verticle configuration =
Impedance of Tx line in single ckt with verticle configuration in p.u. =
Standard Rating of Generator:
Standard Rating of Transformer:
Reactance of Generator at 100 MVA Base:
Reactance of Transformer at 100 MVA Base:

16.85 MVA, X"=

17.25 MVA, X =
1.0089021
0.4637681

(The fault current is fed from the system through transmission line and the two generator-transfo
Using Thevenin's Equivalent Circuit:
Step 1:
The transmission line is replaced by an equivalent reactance with a voltage source of 1
Step 2:
The generator-transformer sets are replaced by an equivalent reactance with a voltage
Step 3:
The reactance obtained from step 1 & 2 is converted to an equivalent reactance and a
Reactance from generators to bus =
Total reactance upto fault =
Fault current at the bus =
Absolute value of bus fault current =
Fault level in MVA =

0.4908900644 pu
0.0012406125 pu
806.05348503 pu
352.56 kA

80,605.35 MVA

Base current at 11kV side =

5,248.64 A
Current supplied by a generator at 11kV side =

3,564.03

0.463768

1.008902

0.463768

1.008902

1/ 0

1/ 0

0.463768

1.008902
1/ 0

0.0012626715 H/phase/km
0.216712
0.0012437558 pu
0.216664
17%
8%
pu
pu
two generator-transformer set)

h a voltage source of 1/0 p.u.

actance with a voltage source of 1/0 p.u.
valent reactance and a voltage source of 1/0 p.u.
2.0371159911
804.01636904
0.6790386637

891.01 A
351.67 kA
297.00 A

1.

Calculation of maximum fault current at 220kV bus at Likhu-1 S/S.

1/ 0

0.666667

1.395673

0.666667

1.395673

0.0045533

Garma S/S

132 kV Bus
Assuming,
Base MVA =
Base Voltage =
Base current =
Base impedence =

100 MVA
132 kV
437.3865676 A
174.24

Inductance per phase per km in single ckt with verticle configuration =

Impedance in single ckt with verticle configuration =
Impedance of Tx line in single ckt with verticle configuration in p.u. =
Standard Rating of Generator:
Standard Rating of Transformer:
Reactance of Generator at 100 MVA Base:
Reactance of Transformer at 100 MVA Base:

0.001263
0.79336
0.004553

14.33 MVA, X"=

15 MVA, X =
1.39567341 pu
0.6666667 pu

20%
10%

(The fault current is fed from the system through transmission line and the two generator-transform
Using Thevenin's Equivalent Circuit:
Step 1:
The transmission line is replaced by an equivalent reactance with a voltage source of 1/0
Step 2:
The generator-transformer sets are replaced by an equivalent reactance with a voltage so
Step 3:
The reactance obtained from step 1 & 2 is converted to an equivalent reactance and a vo
Reactance from generators to bus =
Total reactance upto fault =
Fault current at the bus =
Absolute value of bus fault current =
Fault level in MVA =

1.03117004 pu
0.00453324 pu
220.592665 pu
96,484.27 A

22,059.27 MVA

Base current at 11kV side =

5,248.64 A
Current supplied by a generator at 11kV side =

2,544.99 A

1.395673

1/ 0

1.395673
1/ 0

45.88235
H/phase/km
pu

nd the two generator-transformer set)

nce with a voltage source of 1/0 p.u.

lent reactance with a voltage source of 1/0 p.u.
n equivalent reactance and a voltage source of 1/0 p.u.

3.

Calculation of maximum fault current of line breaker at Likhu-1 S/S

If

1/ 0

0.666667

1.395673

0.666667

1.395673

0.004561
C
B

IB

Assuming,
Base MVA =
Base Voltage =
Base current =
Base impedence =

100 MVA
132 kV
437.3866 A
174.24

Impedance of Tx line in single ckt with verticle configuration in p.u. =

Standard Rating of Generator:
14.33 MVA, X"=
Standard Rating of Transformer:
15 MVA, X =
Reactance of Generator at 100 MVA Base: 1.395673 pu
Reactance of Transformer at 100 MVA Base:
0.666667 pu

0.004561
20%
10%

CASE 1:
Three phase fault at line beyond line current breaker.
The fault current through the breaker is fed from only the generator -transformer sets only.

Using Thevenin's Equivalent Circuit:

Step 1:
Two generator-turbine sets are replaced by an equivalent reactance and a voltage sourc
Total equivalent reactance upto the fault, =
Fault current in 220kV transmission line in pu =
Absolute value of fault current =
Fault level in MVA =

1.03117 pu
0.969772 pu
424.1653 A
96.97722 MVA

Base current at 11kV side =

5248.639
Fault current supplied by each generator at 11kV side =

2544.992 A

CASE 2:
If
1/ 0

0.666667

1.395673

0.666667

1.395673

0.004561
CB

IB

Three phase fault at line before line circuit breaker.

The fault current through the breaker is fed from the faulty transmission line only.

Using Thevenin's Equivalent Circuit:

Step 1:
The faulty transmission line is replaced by an equivalent reactance and a voltage sourc
Equivalent reactance from other S/S upto Garma S/S =
Reactance from Garma to Upper Solu S/S =
Total equivalent reactance upto the fault, =
Fault current in 132kV transmission line in pu =
Absolute value of fault current =
Fault level in MVA =

0.095071 pu
0.004561 pu
0.099633 pu
10.03687 pu
4389.992 A
1003.687 MVA

1.395673

1/ 0
G1

1.395673

G2
1/ 0

pu

mer sets only.

e and a voltage source of 1/0

1.395673

1/ 0
G1

1.395673

e and a voltage source of 1/0

G2
1/ 0

2.

Calculation of maximum fault current at 11kV bus at Likhu-1 S/S.

1/ 0

0.666667

1.395673

0.666667

1.395673

0.022766

IB

Assuming,
Base MVA =
Base Voltage =
Base current =
Base impedence =

100 MVA
132 kV
437.3866 A
174.24

Inductance per phase per km in single ckt with verticle configuration =

0.001263
Impedance in single ckt with verticle configuration =
3.9668
Impedance of Tx line in single ckt with verticle configuration in p.u. =
0.022766
Standard Rating of Generator:
14.33 MVA, X"=
Standard Rating of Transformer:
15 MVA, X =
Reactance of Generator at 100 MVA Base: 1.395673 pu
Reactance of Transformer at 100 MVA Base:
0.666667 pu

Reactance common for Garma S/S upto 132kV busbar at Upper Solu =
Reactance from 132kV bus upto the fault point =
Total equivalent reactance upto fault point =
Fault current at 11kV bus in pu =
Fault current at 11kV bus in Absolute Value =
Fault level in MVA =

3.74265 pu
1636.985 A
374.265 MVA

Fault current supplied by the faulty generator =

313.3875 A

20%
10%

0.099633
0.432966
0.26719

1.395673

1/ 0
G1

1.395673

G2
1/ 0

H/phase/km
pu

pu
pu
pu

5.

Calculation of maximum short circuit breaking current of transformer circuit breaker at Lik
0.666667
1/ 0

0.022766
If

IB

Assuming,
Base MVA =
Base Voltage =
Base current =
Base impedence =

CB

0.666667

100 MVA
132 kV
437.3866 A
174.24

Inductance per phase per km in single ckt with verticle configuration =

Impedance in single ckt with verticle configuration =
Impedance of Tx line in single ckt with verticle configuration in p.u. =
Standard Rating of Generator:
Standard Rating of Transformer:
Reactance of Generator at 100 MVA Base:
Reactance of Transformer at 100 MVA Base:

14.33 MVA, X"=

15 MVA, X =
1.395673 pu
0.666667 pu

0.001263
3.9668
0.022766
20%
10%

CASE 1:
Assuming that the fault is beyond Transformer Circuit Breaker
The fault current through the breaker is fed from the faulty transformer-generator set only.

Using Thevenin' Equivalent Circuit:

Step 1:
The faulty transformer-generator set is replaced by an equivalent reactance and a volta
Total equivalent reactance upto the fault, =
Fault current in 220kV transmission line in pu =
Absolute value of fault current =
Fault level in MVA =

2.06234 pu
0.484886 pu
212.0827 A
48.48861 MVA

Base current at 11kV side =

5248.639
Fault current supplied by each generator at 11kV side =

2544.992 A

CASE 2:
0.666667
1/ 0

0.022766

If
IB

C
B

0.666667

Assuming the fault is before the Trasformer Circuit Breaker,

Here, all but the faulty generator and transformer set provide the fault current.

Using Thevenin' Equivalent Circuit:

Step 1:
The transmission line is replaced by an equivalent reactance with a voltage source of 1/
Step 2:
The non- faulty tranformer-generator set is replaced by their equivalent reactances with
Step 3:
The reactance obtained from step 1 & 2 is converted to an equivalent reactance and a v
Total equivalent reactance upto the fault, =
Fault current in 220kV transmission line in pu =
Absolute value of fault current =
Fault level in MVA =

0.022518 pu
44.40946 pu
19424.1 A
4440.946 MVA

r circuit breaker at Likhu-1 S/S

1.395673

1/ 0
G1

1.395673

G2
1/ 0

H/phase/km

pu

ator set only.

eactance and a voltage source of 1/0 p.u.

1.395673

1/ 0
G1

1.395673

G2
1/ 0

a voltage source of 1/0p.u.

alent reactances with a voltage source of 1/0p.u.
ent reactance and a voltage source of 1/0 p.u.

7.

Calculation of maximum short circuit current of generator circuit breaker at Likhu-1 S/S
0.666667
1/ 0

0.009069

IB

C
B

0.666667

Base MVA =
Base Voltage =

100 MVA
132 kV

Base current =
437.3866 A
Base impedence =
174.24
Inductance per phase per km in single ckt with verticle configuration =
Impedance in single ckt with verticle configuration =
Impedance of Tx line in single ckt with verticle configuration in p.u. =
Standard Rating of Generator:
Standard Rating of Transformer:
Reactance of Generator at 100 MVA Base:
Reactance of Transformer at 100 MVA Base:

14.33 MVA, X"=

15 MVA, X =
1.395673 pu
0.666667 pu

0.001263
3.9668
0.009069
20%
10%

CASE 1:
Assuming that the three phase fault is at generator line beyond generator circuit breaker,
The fault current through the breaker is fed from generator set only.

Using Thevenin's Equivalent Circuit:

Step 1:
The equivalent reactance is that of the faulty generator reactance with a voltage source
Total equivalent reactance upto the fault, =
Fault current in 220kV transmission line in pu =
Absolute value of fault current =
Fault level in MVA =

1.395673 pu
0.7165 pu
313.3875 A
71.65 MVA

CASE 2:
0.666667
1/ 0

0.009069

IB
0.666667

C
B

Assuming that the three phase fault at generarator line before Generator Circuit Breaker,

Here, all but the faulty generator set provides the fault current.

Using Thevenin's Equivalent Circuit:

Step 1:
The transmission line is replaced by an equivalent reactance with a voltage source of 1/
Step 2:
The non-faulty generator-transformer set is replaced by an equivalent reactance with a
Step 3:
The reactance obtained from step 1 & 2 is converted to an equivalent reactance and a v
Step 4:
The reactance obtained from step 3 is in series with that of the transformer connected t
Total equivalent reactance upto the fault, =
Fault current in 220kV transmission line in pu =
Absolute value of fault current =
Fault level in MVA =

0.675696 pu
1.479955 pu
647.3124 A
147.9955 MVA

Base current at 11kV side =

5248.639
Fault current provided by the unfaulty generator at 11kV side =

1923.278

ker at Likhu-1 S/S

1.395673

1/ 0
G1

If
1.395673

G2
1/ 0

H/phase/km

pu

rcuit breaker,

with a voltage source of 1/0 p.u.

1.395673

1/ 0
G1

If

uit Breaker,

1.395673

G2
1/ 0

a voltage source of 1/0 p.u.

lent reactance with a voltage source of 1/0 p.u.
ent reactance and a voltage source of 1/0 p.u.
nsformer connected to the faulty generator.

132kV S/C, Zebra

D
B
1

2
C
4

5
7

Location
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

424 A
4,390 A
96,484 A
212 A
19,424 A
1,637 A
313 A
647 A

Fault current
(132kV) through CB A
(132kV) through CB A
(132kV) through HV Bus
(132kV) through CB B
(132kV) through CB B
(11kV) through MV Bus
(11kV) through CB C
(11kV) through CB C