INTRODUCTION TO SERVER A server is a system (software and suitable computer hardware) that

responds to requests across a computer network to provide, or help to provide, a network service.
Servers can be run on a dedicated computer, which is also often referred to as "the server", but many
networked computers are capable of hosting servers. In many cases, a computer can provide several
services and have several servers running.
Types of server hardware
In some situations, the type of server hardware you use is the least of your concerns, but if you are
setting up your own data center, you will need to decide which type of server you prefer. The three main
types of servers are: towers, racks, and blades.
Towers You probably recognize towers, as they look very similar to desktop PCs. If space is not a
concern, you can usually get more drives and more hardware into a single tower. If you need scalability,
however, space can become a real concern.
Rack Servers Racks are designed to hold multiple servers, and rack servers are specially constructed
to fit in these small spaces. They are essentially stacked right on top of each other, which does make
cooling more difficult, while scaling is much easier.
Blade Servers Although they are very similar to rack servers in design, some components have been
removed from blade servers and are instead shared among multiple ones. This makes blade servers
even thinner, but also more expensive.
Ultimately, the type of server you choose depends on your needs. If space is your main concern, you may
opt for racks. If cooling will be a problem but not space, you may choose towers. If money is not a
problem and you need space and consolidation, blades are the way to go
There are three main choices when it comes to buying a new server: tower, rack, or blade. Here are some
of the pros and cons about each kind of server, as well as some of my experiences with each one.
Tower servers
Tower servers seem dated and look more like desktops than servers, but these servers can pack a punch.
In general, if you have a lot of servers, you're probably not using a bunch of tower servers, because they
can take up a lot of space and are tough to physically manage since you can't easily stack them on one
another. In some cases as organizations grow and move to rack servers, conversion kits can be
purchased to turn a tower server into a rack-mount server.
As implied, tower servers are probably found more often in smaller environments than anywhere else,
although you might find them in point solutions in larger places.
Tower servers are generally on the lower end price-wise, although they can expand pretty decently and
become really expensive.
Tower servers take up a lot of space and require individual monitors, keyboards, and mice or a keyboard,
video, mouse (KVM) switch that allows them to be managed with a single set of equipment. In addition,
cabling can be no fun, especially if you have a lot of network adapters and other I/O needs. You'll have
cables everywhere.
I don't buy a lot of tower servers these days, but they still have a place. My most recent tower server
purchase was to serve as my backup system running Microsoft Data Protection Manager 2010.
Rack servers
If you run a data center of any reasonable size, you've probably used a lot of industry standard 19" wide
rack servers. Sized in Us (which is a single 1.75" rack unit), rack servers can range from 1U "pizza boxes"
to 5U, 8U, and more. In general, the bigger the server, the more expansion opportunities are available.

Rack servers are extremely common and make their home inside these racks along with other critical
data center equipment such as backup batteries, switches, and storage arrays. Rack servers make it
easy to keep things neat and orderly since most racks include cable management of some kind. However,
rack servers don't really simplify the cabling morass since you still need a lot of cabling to make
everything work it's just neater. I once worked in a data center in which I had to deploy 42 2U Dell
servers into three racks. Each server had to have dual power cables, keyboard, video, and mouse cables
and six (yes, six) network cables (six colors with each color denoting a specific network). It was a tough
task to keep the cabling under control, to put it mildly. Because everything was racked, there was built-in
cable management that made this easier.
Like tower servers, rack servers often need KVM capability in order to be managed, although some
organizations simply push a monitor cart around and connect to video and USB ports on the front of the
server so that they don't need to worry about KVM.
Rack servers are very expandable; some include 12 or more disks right in the chassis and support for
four or more processors, each with multiple cores. In addition, many rack servers support large amounts
of RAM, so these devices can be computing powerhouses.
Blade servers
There was a day when buying individual blade servers meant trading expansion possibilities for
compactness. Although this is still true to some extent, today's blade servers pack quite a wallop. I
recently purchased a half-height Dell M610 blade server with 96 GB of RAM and two six-core processors.
There is still some truth to the fact that blade servers have expansion challenges when compared to the
tower and rack-based options. For example, most tower servers have pretty significant expansion options
when it comes to PCI/PCI Express slots and more disk drives. Many blade servers are limited to two to
four internal hard drives, although organizations that use blade servers are likely to have shared storage
of some kind backing the blade system.
Further, when it comes to I/O expansion options, blade servers are a bit limited by their lack of expansion
slots. Some blade servers boast PCI or PCI Express expansion slots, but for most blade servers,
expansion is achieved through the use of specially designed expansion cards. In my case, the Dell M600
and M610 blades have three mezzanines. The first mezzanine consists of dual Gigabit Ethernet adapters.
The remaining mezzanines are populated based on organizational need. In my case, our blades have a
second set of Gigabit Ethernet adapters housed in the second mezzanine and Fibre Channel adapters in
the third. If necessary, I could also choose to use mezzanine cards with four ports in some configurations.
So, although the blade server doesn't have quite the I/O selection of other server form factors, it's no
slouch, either.
When raw computing power and server density is the key drive, blade servers meet the need. For
example, in my environment, I have a 10U Dell M1000e blade chassis that can support up to 16 servers.
So, each server uses the equivalent of 0.625U of rack space. On top of that, the blade chassis holds four
gigabit Ethernet switches and two Fibre Channel switches, so there is additional rack space savings since
I don't need to rack mount these devices to support different connectivity options. In addition, the blade
chassis has a built-in KVM switch so I don't need to buy a third party and cable it up.
Speaking of cabling, a blade environment generally has much less of it than tower or rack environments
since a lot of the connectivity is handled internally. You'll end up with a neater server room as a result.
Another point is adding a new server consists of simply sliding it into an available slot in the chassis.
There is no need to rack a new server and deal with a bunch of new cabling. This small size makes heat
dissipation a challenge. Blade chassis can put out a lot of heat.
From a cost perspective, blade servers require some initial infrastructure, such as the chassis, so the
upfront cost is often higher than for servers of other types.
Bottom line
If you need one or two servers, a tower solution probably makes sense. If you need three to 24 servers or
massive scalability, then rack servers are for you. When you go need more than 24 servers, I advise you
to consider a blade solution to meet your data center needs.

PRIMERGY Feature Story - Blade Server benefits

Blade Server Benefits:

PRIMERGY Blade Servers can improve your business
efficiency.
" Cables reduction by 87%", " CO2 emissions reduced by
23%" and " Space requirements reduced by 50%"
Cables reduction by 87%

Blade servers can reduce the number of cables required to one-eighth of those previously
required. This eliminates cable complexity and cabling problems. Maintainability is also
significantly improved due to the decrease in cable connections.
Based on a comparison between the number of cables required for 10 PRIMERGY RX200 S3
rack-mount servers and that of 10 PRIMERGY BX620 S4 blade servers.

CO2 emissions reduced by 23%

With their improved power efficiency, blade servers help you reduce your energy use and
consequential CO2 emissions. Fujitsu blade servers are specifically designed to reduce
environmental load of our products.

Based on a comparison of CO2 emissions from 10 PRIMERGY RX200 S3 rack-mount

servers and 10 PRIMERGY BX620 S4 blade servers. Comparison includes Fujitsus
LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), which covers the entire product lifecycle. (Materials,
manufacturing, transportation, use
[24 hours x 5 years x 365days] and recycling)

Space requirements reduced by 50%

50% less space is required for blade server deployment. Deploying the same
number of servers in a smaller space means you can fully optimize your data center
space.
Based on a comparison of the space needed for 10 PRIMERGY RX200 S3 rack-mount
servers
and
10
PRIMERGY
BX620
S4
blade
servers.