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VSL ETA 06-0006 English 2011
VSL ETA 06-0006 English 2011
MEMBRE DE L'EOTA
MEMBER OF EOTA
Valid
31/03/2011
31/03/2016
CTT-Stronghold, SA
Ribera del Congost, s/n
SP 08520 Les Franqueses del Valls (Barcelona)
from:
to:
Producteur du procd
Kit manufacturer
- Dcret n92-647 du 8 juillet 1992 concernant l'aptitude l'usage des produits de construction
- Common Procedural Rules for Requesting, Preparing and the Granting of European Technical
5
Approvals set out in the Annex to Commission Decision 94/23/EC ;
- ETAG 013, Edition June 2002, Post-Tensioning Kits for Prestressing of Structures.
2 - SETRA is authorized to check whether the provisions of this European Technical Approval are met.
Checking may take place in the manufacturing plant(s). Nevertheless, the responsibility for the conformity
of the products to the European Technical Approval and for their fitness for the intended use remains with
the holder of the European Technical Approval.
3 - This European Technical Approval is not to be transferred to manufacturers or agents of
manufacturers other than those indicated on page 0, or manufacturing plants other than those indicated
on page 0 of this European Technical Approval.
4 - This European Technical Approval may be withdrawn by SETRA, in particular pursuant to information
1
by the Commission according to Article 5 of Council Directive 89/106/EEC.
5 - Reproduction of this European Technical Approval including transmission by electronic means shall be
in full. However, partial reproduction can be made with the written consent of SETRA. In this case partial
reproduction has to be designated as such. Texts and drawings of advertising brochures shall not
contradict or misuse the European Technical Approval.
6 - The European Technical Approval is issued by the approval body in its official language(s). This
(These) version(s) corresponds (correspond) fully to the version circulated in EOTA. Translations into
other languages have to be designated as such.
1
2
3
4
5
The VSL Post-Tensioning System may also be employed in structures made of other materials than
concrete; this could entail structures made of concrete, masonry, steel, cast iron, wood or combinations
of several materials.
The tendons assembled as part of the VSL Post-Tensioning System may have the following basic use
categories:
- internal bonded tendon for concrete and composite structures,
- internal unbonded tendon for concrete and composite structures,
- external tendon for concrete structures with a tendon path situated outside the cross section of
the structure or member but inside its envelope.
(Cables for ground and rock anchors, external cables with a layout positioned beyond the structural
envelope or the structural component, and stay cables are not covered by the present ETA).
completed with the following optional use categories:
- restressable tendon (internal or external),
- exchangeable tendon (internal or external),
- cryogenic applications,
- internal bonded tendon with plastic duct,
- encapsulated tendon,
- electrically isolated tendon,
- tendon for use in structural steel or composite construction as external tendon,
- tendon for use in structural masonry construction as internal and/or external tendon,
- tendon for use in structural timber as internal and/or external tendon.
The tables presented in Chapters 1.4 and 3.4 of Annexes 1 and 2 establish the categories
possible for each of the approved anchorages.
1.3 Working life
The provisions, test and assessment methods in the ETAG 013 have been written based upon the
assumption that the estimated design working life (nominal design value of the intended life of a
structure) of the PT System is the same as the one specified in the Eurocodes relevant for the structure
in which it is intended to be used provided that the PT System is subject to appropriate use and
maintenance (see Chapter 7 of ETAG 013). Eurocode 1 specifies 100 years design working life for
bridges and other engineering structures. These provisions are based upon the current state of the art
and the available knowledge and experience.
The indication given on the design working life of a product cannot be interpreted as a guarantee given
by the producer (or the Approvals Body) but is regarded only as a means for choosing appropriate
components and materials in relation to the expected economically reasonable design working life of
structures for the works.
The relevant Eurocodes would be the following:
ENV 1990 "Eurocode 0": Basis of structural design
ENV 1991 "Eurocode 1": Actions on structures
ENV 1992 "Eurocode 2": Design of concrete structures
ENV 1993 "Eurocode 3": Design of steel structures
ENV 1994 "Eurocode 4": Design of composite steel and concrete structures
ENV 1995 "Eurocode 5": Design of timber structures
ENV 1996 "Eurocode 6": Design of masonry structures
Approval Body. This set of information is also to be sent, whenever necessary, to the Certification Body
responsible for Attestation of Conformity.
Essential requirements 1 (mechanical resistance and stability) and 3 (hygiene, health and the
environment) from Appendix I of the Construction Products Directive have been fulfilled. For the PT
System, the other requirements need not to be complied with.
Only product characteristics in relation to essential requirements 1 and 3 are to be verified. It should be
pointed out that, depending on their specific nature, some prestressed structures or parts of prestressed
structures may need to satisfy other requirements in respect to fire safety.
2.2 - Verification methods
Assessment of the fitness for use of the PT System with essential requirement 1 related to "mechanical
resistance and stability" was carried out, as stipulated in the European Technical Approval Guide focusing
on post-tensioning kits for prestressing of structures (ETAG 013).
The performances assessed in accordance with ETAG 013 allow to fulfill all relevant essential
requirements. Such performances deal for the most part with: resistance to static loads, effective load
transfer to the structure, and resistance to fatigue.
A set of specific tests were carried out as stated in ETAG 013 for the following optional use categories :
electrical insulation and cryogenic applications.
The methods for verifying, evaluating and assessing suitability and test procedures comply with those
detailed in ETAG 013.
According to the kit manufacturers declaration, the post-tensioning kit does not contain any dangerous
substances.
In addition to the specific clauses relating to dangerous substances contained in this European Technical
Approval, there may be other requirements applicable to the products falling within its scope
(e.g. transposed European legislation and national laws, regulations and administrative provisions). In
order to meet the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive, these requirements need also to
be complied with, when and where they apply.
This statement has been highlighted in Chapter 5 entitled "Injection and sealing" of both Annexes 1 and 2.
This list is to be provided to the Certification Body. Another copy may also be made available to the
Approval Body.
The Kit Manufacturer is responsible for the production and quality of components manufactured or ordered.
At least once a year, each components manufacturer has to be audited by the kit manufacturer. Each audit
report shall be made available to the Certification Body.
These audit reports include:
- Identification of the components manufacturer
- Date of audit of components manufacturer
- Summary of the results and records of the FPC since last audit
- Summary of the complaint records
- Evaluation of the components manufacturer concerning FPC
- Specific remarks as relevant
- Clear and unique statement whether the requirement of the ETA are met
- Name and position of signatory
- Date of signature
- Signature.
At least once a year specimens are taken by the kit manufacturer from at least one job site. One series of
single tensile element tests are performed according to Annex 0 (annex E3 of the ETAG 013) by the kit
manufacturer with these specimens. One series of single tensile element tests are performed with
components from only one site. The results of these test series are made available to the Certification Body.
These reports include:
- Identification of the job site where the components have been taken
- Date of sampling
- Identification of the components (e.g. anchor head, wedges, strand,)
- Place and date of testing
- Summary of the results including a test report according to Annex E.3 of ETAG 013
- Specific remarks as relevant
- Name and position of signatory
- Date of signature
- Signature.
The kit manufacturer makes available for at least 10 years all records of relevant results concerning the
ETA and the audit reports concerning the components manufacturers.
3.2.1.2 - Factory Production Control (FPC)
3.2.1.2.1 - General
The kit manufacturer exercises permanent internal control of the production. All the elements, requirements
and provisions adopted by the kit manufacturer are documented in a systematic manner in the form of
written policies and procedures. This control system ensures that the PT System is in conformity with the
European Technical Approval.
The Factory Production Control is in accordance with the control plan of VSL named QM relating to the
European Technical Approval 06/0006 issued on 31-07-2006 which is part of the technical documentation
of this european technical approval. The control plan is laid down in the context of the factory production
control system operated by the manufacturer and deposited at SETRA.
The basic elements of the control plan comply with ETAG 013 annex E1. The results of the factory
production control shall be recorded and evaluated in accordance with the provisions of the control plan.
FPC and the prescribed test plan are according to Annex 0, which address the following aspects:
- manufacturing
- distribution and delivery to job site.
FPC system complying with EN ISO 9001 : 2000 and which addresses the requirements of the ETA is
recognized as satisfying the FPC requirements of the Directive.
Parts of the FPC may be transferred to an independent test laboratory. Nevertheless, the kit
manufacturer has the full responsibility for all results of the FPC.
Each component manufacturer shall be inspected at least once during the period of validity of the ETA
that is at least once in five years.
The Certification Body shall provide SETRA, upon request, the results of certification and continuous
surveillance.
In cases of serious non conformities, related to important aspects of the performances of the posttensioning system, which can not be corrected within the deadlines, the certification body shall withdraw
the certification of conformity and inform the SETRA without delay.
3.3 CE-Marking
CE-marking is in accordance with the Construction Products Directive and the Guidance
Paper "D" named "CE marking under the construction products directive" (EC/OEAT 04/645 Document).
The delivery note, associated with the components of the PT System, shall contain the CE conformity
marking which consist of the CE-symbol and:
1. The name or identifying mark of the kit manufacturer
2. The last two digits of the year in which the marking was affixed
3. The number of the Certificate of Conformity
4. The ETA number
5 See information on ETA No 06/0006
6. The use category(ies)
7. The number of the Certification Body.
All other information is clearly separated from the CE-marking and the accompanying information.
4-
Assumptions under which the fitness for use of VSL PT System is favorably
assessed
4.1 - Production
This European Technical Approval document has been issued for the VSL PT System on the basis of
Manufacturer Technical Dossier (MTD) submitted and verified by SETRA
Any anticipated changes to the process or in the production of components that may change the MTD
must be notified to SETRA, which would then decide whether change affects the ETA and, consequently,
the validity of the CE-marking and whether an additional assessment with modification of this ETA would
be necessary. Under all circumstances, SETRA consent is required prior to enacting the planned
modifications.
4.2 - Installation
The quality of a post-tensioned structure lies not only in its effective design, but also in the quality of its
execution. As regards post-tensioning, it goes without saying that the appropriate use of the PT System,
component quality and system installation quality serve to influence both suitability for the intended use
and the design working life.
Basic information has been provided in Annexes 1 and 2 of ETA document. Although such information
proves essential for purposes of comprehending PT System application, it alone remains insufficient for
proceeding with the installation step. For this reason, the Post-Tensioning System has been set up for
installation to be performed by a PT Specialist Company.
Even though this field is submitted to the national regulatory conditions of EU Member States, it should be
recalled herein that the qualification of PT Specialist Companies encompasses their aptitude (specialized
equipment resources and certified staff) first to design the prestressed parts of structures and then to
prepare the corresponding set of components and work tasks, install the PT System (including cable
tensioning using appropriate devices) and performing the injection of protective filling material.
These last two tasks are to be carried out with equipment capable of meeting the requirements associated
with attaining precise measurements of certain physical magnitudes.
The tasks of design and installation may be extended, under some circumstances, by means of
monitoring and adjustment (whenever necessary) of the installed PT System.
Version of 28th July 2011
5 - Indications
5.1 - Packaging, transportation and storage
Temporary protections, packaging, along with transportation and storage conditions for components of the
VSL PT System have been designed to ensure availability for worksite installation without any alteration of
their suitability for the particular intended use.
The detailed conditions to be adopted relative to the ducts, reinforcements, anchorages and protective
filling material have been set forth both in Chapter 7 of ETAG 013 and in the VSL Technical
Documentation (associated with the European Technical Approval).
5.2 - Installation
The entire set of equipment used for installing the PT System is submitted to periodic maintenance and
repair operations, whenever necessary.
Tensioning equipment measurement systems (pressure or force, displacement and/or movement) that get
included in the verification of magnitudes for the actions applied to structures undergo calibration in
compliance with: Chapter 7 of ETAG 013, the national provisions, and the set of practices prescribed in
the VSL Technical Documentation (associated with the European Technical Approval).
Annex 0
ETA APPLICATION
2
Item
3
Test / Check
Detailed
5
dimensions
3
Visual inspection
7
Wedges,
Material
Compression Treatment,
fitting
hardness
Detailed
5
dimensions
Material
3
Visual inspection
7
Strand
Material
Diameter
3
Visual inspection
7
Constituents Cement
of filling
Admixtures,
7
material as
additions, ...
per EN 447
7
Monostrand Material
7
full
full
Check
Current zone components
2
Check
"CE"
Check
National
Check
Certification
Test
2
till "CE"
Check
Check
full
Check
bulk
Check
Check
Check
100%
Test
Check
Check
Test
100%
3%
= 2 elements
9
100%
Test
Visual inspection
7
Check
Check
5
Minimum
frequency
Test
Visual inspection
7
Anchor head, Material
Coupler
Detailed
5
dimensions
Duct
4
4
Traceability
National
Certification
2
till "CE"
full
full
5%
2 elements
9
100%
9
100%
9
0.5%
= 2 elements
9
5%
= 2 elements
9
100%
6
Documentation
1,6
"2.2"
Yes
No
2
"3.1"
Yes
No
2
"3.1"
Yes
Yes
No
2
100%
100%
100 %
Each coil
Each coil
100%
100%
"CE"
No
2
"CE"
No
No
2
"CE"
2
"CE"
100%
"CE"
100%
100%
"CE"
8
"CE"
"2.2": Test report type "2.2" according to EN 10 204 (this applies to simple steel
anchor plates only).
Visual inspections means e.g.: main dimensions, gauge testing, correct marking or
labelling, appropriate performance acceptability, surface fins, kinks, smoothness, corrosion, coating,
etc., as given in the prescribed test plan.
Detailed dimensions mean measuring of all dimensions and angles according to the
specifications as given in the prescribed test plan.
Only if the force transfer unit is a "simple plate". Otherwise appropriate procedures
have to be introduced.
Material checks are included for information only as these are not part of the
prescribed test plan.
If the basis of "CE"-marking is not available, the prescribed test plan has to include
appropriate measures. The certificate shall be based on specific testing on the fabrication lot from which
the supply has been produced, to confirm specified properties, and shall be prepared by a department
of the supplier which is independent of the production department.
Note: Generally speaking, all tests, inspections, etc. are aimed at verifying that the information
contained in manufacturing drawings as well as in the ultimate set of associated specifications has
actually been applied to the components.
During surveillance inspections, the Certification Body has to take samples of components of the PT
System or the relative individual components for which the ETA has been granted for independent
testing. For the most important components, the table given below summarises the minimum
procedures which are performed by the Certification Body.
"Audit testing"
1
Component
2
Item
Wedges,
Compression fitting
Single tensile
element test
Inclined Tube test
Detailed dimensions
10
Visual inspection
Material according to specification
Treatment
Detailed dimensions
Main dimensions, surface hardness
10
Visual inspection
Single tensile element test
according to Annex E.3
Inclined Tube test as per Clause
11
C.4.3.3.2.1
3
Test / Check
Check, test
Test
Check
Check, test
Test
Test
Test
Check
Test
Test
4
Sampling Number of
components per visit
1
2
2
1
5
5
1 series
1 test
10
Visual inspections means e.g. : main dimensions, gauge testing, correct marking or labelling,
appropriate performance, surface, fins, kinks, smoothness, corrosion, coating, etc.
11
Applied to special grout specified within the ETAG 013 in C.4.3 and this ETA.
Annex 1
TECHNICAL DATA
OF THE
VSL MULTISTRAND SYSTEM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Page
4
5
6
7
9
9
11
13
13
13
15
16
16
18
19
22
22
22
24
24
25
25
26
27
CHAPTER 1
15.2 - T15.2 or 6
STRAND
15.7 - T15.7 or 6S
2
Ap
Ap.fpk
0.8
Ap.fpk
Ap.fp0.1k
0.9
Ap.fp0.1k
Ap
Ap.fpk
0.8
Ap.fpk
Ap.fp0.1k
0.9
Ap.fp0.1k
mm
140
280
420
560
700
840
980
1 120
1 260
1 400
1 540
1 680
1 820
1 960
2 100
2 240
2 380
2 520
2 660
2 800
2 940
3 080
3 220
3 360
3 500
3 640
3 780
3 920
4 060
4 200
4 340
4 480
4 620
4 760
4 900
5 040
5 180
5 320
5 460
5 600
5 740
5 880
6 020
6 160
6 300
6 440
6 580
6 720
6 860
7 000
7 140
7 280
7 420
7 560
7 700
kN
260.0
520.0
780.0
1 040.0
1 300.0
1 560.0
1 820.0
2 080.0
2 340.0
2 600.0
2 860.0
3 120.0
3 380.0
3 640.0
3 900.0
4 160.0
4 420.0
4 680.0
4 940.0
5 200.0
5 460.0
5 720.0
5 980.0
6 240.0
6 500.0
6 760.0
7 020.0
7 280.0
7 540.0
7 800.0
8 060.0
8 320.0
8 580.0
8 840.0
9 100.0
9 360.0
9 620.0
9 880.0
10 140.0
10 400.0
10 660.0
10 920.0
11 180.0
11 440.0
11 700.0
11 960.0
12 220.0
12 480.0
12 740.0
13 000.0
13 260.0
13 520.0
13 780.0
14 040.0
14 300.0
kN
208.0
416.0
624.0
832.0
1 040.0
1 248.0
1 456.0
1 664.0
1 872.0
2 080.0
2 288.0
2 496.0
2 704.0
2 912.0
3 120.0
3 328.0
3 536.0
3 744.0
3 952.0
4 160.0
4 368.0
4 576.0
4 784.0
4 992.0
5 200.0
5 408.0
5 616.0
5 824.0
6 032.0
6 240.0
6 448.0
6 656.0
6 864.0
7 072.0
7 280.0
7 488.0
7 696.0
7 904.0
8 112.0
8 320.0
8 528.0
8 736.0
8 944.0
9 152.0
9 360.0
9 568.0
9 776.0
9 984.0
10 192.0
10 400.0
10 608.0
10 816.0
11 024.0
11 232.0
11 440.0
kN
229.0
458.0
687.0
916.0
1 145.0
1 374.0
1 603.0
1 832.0
2 061.0
2 290.0
2 519.0
2 748.0
2 977.0
3 206.0
3 435.0
3 664.0
3 893.0
4 122.0
4 351.0
4 580.0
4 809.0
5 038.0
5 267.0
5 496.0
5 725.0
5 954.0
6 183.0
6 412.0
6 641.0
6 870.0
7 099.0
7 328.0
7 557.0
7 786.0
8 015.0
8 244.0
8 473.0
8 702.0
8 931.0
9 160.0
9 389.0
9 618.0
9 847.0
10 076.0
10 305.0
10 534.0
10 763.0
10 992.0
11 221.0
11 450.0
11 679.0
11 908.0
12 137.0
12 366.0
12 595.0
kN
206.1
412.2
618.3
824.4
1 030.5
1 236.6
1 442.7
1 648.8
1 854.9
2 061.0
2 267.1
2 473.2
2 679.3
2 885.4
3 091.5
3 297.6
3 503.7
3 709.8
3 915.9
4 122.0
4 328.1
4 534.2
4 740.3
4 946.4
5 152.5
5 358.6
5 564.7
5 770.8
5 976.9
6 183.0
6 389.1
6 595.2
6 801.3
7 007.4
7 213.5
7 419.6
7 625.7
7 831.8
8 037.9
8 244.0
8 450.1
8 656.2
8 862.3
9 068.4
9 274.5
9 480.6
9 686.7
9 892.8
10 098.9
10 305.0
10 511.1
10 717.2
10 923.3
11 129.4
11 335.5
mm
150
300
450
600
750
900
1 050
1 200
1 350
1 500
1 650
1 800
1 950
2 100
2 250
2 400
2 550
2 700
2 850
3 000
3 150
3 300
3 450
3 600
3 750
3 900
4 050
4 200
4 350
4 500
4 650
4 800
4 950
5 100
5 250
5 400
5 550
5 700
5 850
6 000
6 150
6 300
6 450
6 600
6 750
6 900
7 050
7 200
7 350
7 500
7 650
7 800
7 950
8 100
8 250
kN
279.0
558.0
837.0
1 116.0
1 395.0
1 674.0
1 953.0
2 232.0
2 511.0
2 790.0
3 069.0
3 348.0
3 627.0
3 906.0
4 185.0
4 464.0
4 743.0
5 022.0
5 301.0
5 580.0
5 859.0
6 138.0
6 417.0
6 696.0
6 975.0
7 254.0
7 533.0
7 812.0
8 091.0
8 370.0
8 649.0
8 928.0
9 207.0
9 486.0
9 765.0
10 044.0
10 323.0
10 602.0
10 881.0
11 160.0
11 439.0
11 718.0
11 997.0
12 276.0
12 555.0
12 834.0
13 113.0
13 392.0
13 671.0
13 950.0
14 229.0
14 508.0
14 787.0
15 066.0
15 345.0
kN
223.2
446.4
669.6
892.8
1 116.0
1 339.2
1 562.4
1 785.6
2 008.8
2 232.0
2 455.2
2 678.4
2 901.6
3 124.8
3 348.0
3 571.2
3 794.4
4 017.6
4 240.8
4 464.0
4 687.2
4 910.4
5 133.6
5 356.8
5 580.0
5 803.2
6 026.4
6 249.6
6 472.8
6 696.0
6 919.2
7 142.4
7 365.6
7 588.8
7 812.0
8 035.2
8 258.4
8 481.6
8 704.8
8 928.0
9 151.2
9 374.4
9 597.6
9 820.8
10 044.0
10 267.2
10 490.4
10 713.6
10 936.8
11 160.0
11 383.2
11 606.4
11 829.6
12 052.8
12 276.0
kN
246.0
492.0
738.0
984.0
1 230.0
1 476.0
1 722.0
1 968.0
2 214.0
2 460.0
2 706.0
2 952.0
3 198.0
3 444.0
3 690.0
3 936.0
4 182.0
4 428.0
4 674.0
4 920.0
5 166.0
5 412.0
5 658.0
5 904.0
6 150.0
6 396.0
6 642.0
6 888.0
7 134.0
7 380.0
7 626.0
7 872.0
8 118.0
8 364.0
8 610.0
8 856.0
9 102.0
9 348.0
9 594.0
9 840.0
10 086.0
10 332.0
10 578.0
10 824.0
11 070.0
11 316.0
11 562.0
11 808.0
12 054.0
12 300.0
12 546.0
12 792.0
13 038.0
13 284.0
13 530.0
kN
221.4
442.8
664.2
885.6
1 107.0
1 328.4
1 549.8
1 771.2
1 992.6
2 214.0
2 435.4
2 656.8
2 878.2
3 099.6
3 321.0
3 542.4
3 763.8
3 985.2
4 206.6
4 428.0
4 649.4
4 870.8
5 092.2
5 313.6
5 535.0
5 756.4
5 977.8
6 199.2
6 420.6
6 642.0
6 863.4
7 084.8
7 306.2
7 527.6
7 749.0
7 970.4
8 191.8
8 413.2
8 634.6
8 856.0
9 077.4
9 298.8
9 520.2
9 741.6
9 963.0
10 184.4
10 405.8
10 627.2
10 848.6
11 070.0
11 291.4
11 512.8
11 734.2
11 955.6
12 177.0
Note : prestressing force applied to structure must be in accordance with national regulations.
Temporary overstressing is permitted in accordance with the requirements of EN 1992-1-1 to a maximum force
of k3.Ap.fp0.1k, with k3 = 0.95.
The system can obviously be used with strands displaying a specific characteristic tensile strength of less than
2
that proposed in the table as strands with fpk = 1 770 N/mm . The provisions for tendons with strands with a
2
2
characteristic tensile strength fpk = 1 860 N/mm also apply to tendons with strands with fpk < 1 860 N/mm .
The draft Standard pr EN 10138-3 sets the following criteria for the other useful characteristics of prestressing
strands composing the VSL units:
- Elongation at maximal force:
3.5%
2.5%
- Relaxation at 0.70 fpk after 1,000 hours:
- Relaxation at 0.80 fpk after 1,000 hours:
4.5%
2
6
2x10 cycles
- Fatigue behavior (0.70 fpk; 190 N/mm ):
- Maximum D value of deflected tensile test:
28%
2
195 000 N/mm
- Modulus of elasticity Ep:
Even though the modulus of elasticity of both the tendon or bundle of strands and the (single) strand are
somewhat different, VSL still recommends adopting, for the cable calculations, the measured strand value that
had been transmitted upon delivery of the supply of strands.
Individually greased and sheathed monostrands have the same mechanical properties as listed above for bare
strands.
1.3 ANCHORAGES
1.3.1 PRESENTATION OF THE ANCHORAGES
The VSL Multistrand System anchorages may, depending on their function and commercial labeling, be
classified as one of the following:
Type "E", "CS", "GC", "NC" and "NC-U" active end anchorages
These active anchorages are designed to anchor the tendons at the end through which stressing of the entire
set of bundled strands will be carried out.
They are composed of an anchor head (cylindrical for the "E" anchor head or a cylindrical / hexagonal-base
prism for the "CS" anchor head) drilled with the same number of conically-shaped holes as strands to be
anchored; the anchoring step is performed at each strand using wedges inside the conical holes to provide a
strong grip.
The anchor head is supported by the concrete via an "E", "CS", "GC", "NC" or "NC-U" type anchor plate
connected to an "E", "CS", "GC" type trumpet housing deviating the strands to the current duct.
The "NC" and "NC-U" anchor plate comprises its own deviating trumpet (ditto for smallest "GC" anchor plates).
Type "E", "CS", "GC", "NC" and "NC-U" passive end anchorages
These passive anchorages serve to block the tendons at the end on which no stressing force is to be exerted.
The "E", "CS", "GC", "NC" and "NC-U" category only includes those anchorages that remain accessible at the
time of stressing. These anchorages, which feature pre-clamped wedges and which may be controlled during
stressing, are used for this purpose.
Type "H" bonded anchorages
These dead end anchorages rely, at least in part, on bond in order to maintain the tendon extremity fastened
with respect to the concrete.
In type "H" anchorages, the clean strands exhibit wires, over a given bond length, folded at their extremities to
form an onion.
Type "K" fixed couplers
These anchorages ensure the continuity of two tendons placed in tension one after the other when two distinct
phases of the construction job overlap and the first phase cable is stressed before stressing the second phase
cable.
Within "K" type fixed couplers, the first-phase cable is anchored on the coupler side with a type "E", "CS" or
"GC" anchor (transfer) plate whose head labeled "K" contains the housing units for the coupling elements
around its periphery.
The second phase cable, on the coupler side, is anchored by means of compression fittings on the strands
placed into the aforementioned housings. The two coupled tendons must be units of the same number of
strands and the force in the second phase cable shall not be larger than the force in the first phase cable.
Version of 28th July 2011
Function
CABLE
Unit
1T15.2 / 1T15.7
Label
6-1/6S-1
12
12
15
15
19
19
22
22
27
27
31
31
37
37
43
43
55
55
Active end
E
CS
GC
Passive end
NC
NC-U
CS
GC
NC
Bond
NC-U
Coupler
K
The stressing of tendons at PT system anchorages is only conducted by VSL stressing jacks, which are
presented in Chapter 4.
Anchorages
CS
GC
NC
NC-U
CS
GC
NC
NC-U
exchangeable tendon
cryogenic applications
encapsulated tendon (leak tight)
electrically isolated tendon
(*) of concrete
As noted before,
- absence of bonding with the structure for exchangeable cable means soft injection or double pipe at
anchorage and deviator in case of rigid injection. The clearance between outside diameter of tendon
duct and inside diameter of formwork pipe in structure has to be 10 mm minimum.
- the VSL Multistrand System may be introduced without grouting, which for example is the case when
tendons are left without protection due to their provisional use, or their location within a neutral
environment.
It goes without saying that all these potential uses and options presume the availability of adequate choices and
combinations of all cable components as indicated in this ETA:
- for strands see Chapter 2.1 "Strands used",
- for ducts see Chapter 2.2 "Ducting",
- for anchorages see Chapter 3.4 "Anchorage arrangements",
- for injection see Chapter 5.2 "Injection products".
1.4.2 POSSIBILITIES OF THE VSL MULTISTRAND SYSTEM
The VSL Multistrand System is able to take advantage of the following unique set of possibilities:
- Partial stressing or stressing in stages:
When prestressing needs to be applied gradually, the stressing may be performed in stages. As the first
partial stressing step gets carried out, at the beginning of the second stage, the wedges are unclamped by
action of the jack on the cable. Once the targeted force has been reached, pressure in the jack is relaxed
and the wedges are once again clamped inside the anchor head. This procedure consists of the same
steps as for tensioning of a long cable whose elongation necessitates several successive jack strokes.
- Overstressing with shimming:
Upon loading of the anchorage during releasing the jack pressure, due to wedges draw in, a simultaneous
setting of the strands takes place causing a reduction of elongation and a drop in tension at the cable end.
It is still possible however to adjust tension to the desired value by use of a jack chair ring that enables
pressing the jack no longer upon the anchor head but rather via jack chair upon the bearing plate. In this
case, since the stressing had been conducted under typical conditions and the wedges locked definitively,
tensioning is resumed by bringing the head back to the target displacement (the wedge draw in or other
value), and then shimming between the anchor head and the anchor plate with split shim (see chapter
2.6.3).
- Destressing procedure:
The destressing of an anchored cable by a type "E" or "CS" anchor head is possible using a special tooling
assembly mounted on the tensioning jack provided that (1) the required strand overlengths have been
conserved, (2) that the tendon remains unbonded to the structure. The required strand overlength exceeds
the values provided in Chapter 6.
From the aforementioned, two zones would appear to stand out, the free length and the anchorage zone; they
will be presented in greater detail within the following chapters entitled "Strands and ducts" and "Anchorages".
CHAPTER 2
2.2 DUCTING
The VSL Multistrand System can use several types of duct as provided in this section. Duct type selection
depends on the specific project, the final use designed for the structure and the options selected for the posttensioning units.
2.2.1 TYPES AND DIMENSIONS OF THE USABLE DUCTS
Depending on the specific application, various types of ducts may be employed. From a general standpoint, the
ducts used must be mechanically resistant, display continuity in shape, ensure continuity of the seal and,
ultimately, continuity in electrical insulation over their entire length, as well as comply with the project's bond
requirements while not causing any chemical attack to the prestressing steel.
Without claiming to be exhaustive, the following table of frequently-used ducts can be cited as having
demonstrated their capacities in the uses and applications associated with the given options:
Metal Ducts
Ducts
Applications
Internal with
Cable,
bonded
in the
injection
concrete
with
unbonded
injection
External
Cable,
out of
the
concrete
(or other
material)
with
bonded
injection
with
unbonded
injection
standard
cryogenic
encapsulated
electricallyisolated
standard +
encapsulated
electricallyisolated
restressable
and/or
replaceable
standard +
encapsulated
electricallyisolated
standard +
encapsulated
electricallyisolated
restressable
and/or
replaceable
Corrugated metal
duct
Plastic Ducts
Smooth plastic duct
VSL PT-PLUS
polyethylene,
Duct
polypropylene
NA
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NA
NA
NR
NA
NA
NR
NA
NA
NR
NR
NA
NR
NA
NA
NR
NA
NR
NA
NA
NR
NR
NR
For the other materials such as masonry, wood, etc., refer to conditions relative to concrete and take into account the
installation constraints, which may be of various types.
Notes: ) This set-up features a fully-bonded cable. ) Smooth ducts in polyethylene or polypropylene are the most
common. ) Strands defined in chap. 2.1, i.e. bare strands with total unbonded injection of duct or (individually greased
and sheathed) monostrands in rigid filling of duct. ) Using monostrands.
: Advised
~: Possible
10
The VSL Multistrand System's post-tensioning tendon ducts, for the most part with a circular cross-section, must
display an internal diameter large enough to provide for easy strands installation and adequate filling during
injection of the protective filling product.
With this objective, VSL recommends an internal duct diameter int 1.8
p , where Ap is the nominal crosssection of the strands composing the unit. This relation is suitable for the case of threading the tendons by
means of pushing through strand by strand into the ducts installed prior to concreting. In the case of
prefabricated cables, it is authorized to adopt a duct with a smaller diameter. Moreover, during the calculations,
it is necessary to consider the distance (called eccentricity) existing between the center of the duct and the
center of gravity of the strand bundle cross-section.
The recommended duct dimensions, along with the corresponding eccentricity values, are given in Chapter 6.
The ducts, depending on their type and capacities, may be provided on coil or in straight segments.
2.2.2 METAL DUCTS
The tendons are most often (as per the "STANDARD" solution) isolated from the concrete by means of
corrugated steel strip sheaths. According to Standard EN 523, they are either normal (Category 1), i.e. "normal
sheaths", or (Category 2), i.e. "rigid sheaths" but bendable by hand, with their characteristics being stipulated in
the standard.
Connections between coils or straight segments are performed by means of screwing a connector (coupler)
onto the two extremities to be connected. The sealing at the joints is done by either an adhesive ribbon or
thermo-retractable sleeves.
In certain applications (e.g. nuclear, offshore), the tendons are encased in smooth steel ducts. The most
frequently-employed tubes, whether welded or not, are thin (in compliance with the EN standards) and machinebendable. The connections between segments are commonly performed by flaring one end and clamping the
other; the seal is generated by welding, thermo-retractable sleeves or adhesive ribbon.
2.2.3 PLASTIC DUCTS
S In the case of stringent requirements as regards both corrosion protection and fatigue resistance of cables, it
is recommended to use the corrugated plastic duct VSL PT-PLUS . This duct may only be used inside the
concrete with a grouting and generates perfect bond between the tendons and the structure. It is recommended
for applications submitted to a particularly-aggressive environment or strong fatigue loads. The VSL PT-PLUS
duct complies with ETAG 013. The fitting between duct segments is introduced by means of mirror welding or
by connectors that provide for both the waterproofing seal and electrical isolation. This duct can be used with all
anchorage types E, CS, GC, NC, NC-U, H, K and V. When used with CS-type anchorages, it allows to provide
fully-encapsulated units labeled CS "PLUS" as well as electrically isolated units labeled CS "SUPER". Such
applications necessitate the presence of rigid half-shells between the duct and its supports at all of the high
points along cable path in order to avoid any risk of perforation during stressing of the tendon.
Regarding the selection of connection options for VSL PT-PLUS duct, the prescripts in the following table have
to be strictly applied.
Duct Sizes (1)
int / ext
23/25 to 100/106
3 Fpk W R (3)
115/121 to 150/157
Mirror Welding
115/121 to 150/157
>
11
With an appropriate set of fittings, they may be used for applications involving encapsulated / waterproof and
electrically-isolated tendons.
2.2.4 ACCESSORIES FOR INLETS, BLEED VENTS AND OUTLETS
In internal (concrete) post-tensioning applications for structures composed of prefabricated elements, duct
continuity, regardless of duct type, is performed in alignment with the joints by means of a coupler fitting that
encompasses a set of rings inserted at the contact element duct end. These plastic accessories serve to
complete the seal.
Providing permanent protection by means of grout injection presupposes the possibility of intervening anywhere
along the cable path in order to adjust the filling and bleed any air, water, etc. that may be within the ducts. In
this aim, accessories for re-circulation, venting and bleeding are installed on the ducts. These basically
comprise shells or collars fastened onto holes in the ducts and connected to pipes with plugs opening onto an
accessible face of the structure. The following options are available:
Duct
Corrugated steel strip sheath
Smooth steel tube
VSL PT-PLUS duct
Plastic duct
Distributions of inlet, venting, bleeding and outlet points along the cable profile are selected based on a functionspecific study of both the injection pattern and procedure.
2.2.5 CONNECTION WITH TRUMPETS
The strands, located within the ducts, must slightly dilate in the vicinity of the anchorages in order to pass
through the corresponding holes in the anchor head. This conical deviation is done in a transition zone called a
trumpet and is considered part of the anchorage element.
The trumpets of a specific anchor plate are of adequate diameters, with enough length and opening at the end
that allows for connection and alignment to the duct of the free length.
The seal between the duct and trumpet is carried out using an adhesive strip, a thermo-retractable sleeve or a
connector designed as a duct accessory (e.g. a VSL PT-PLUS coupler).
Lmin = 0.8 m
Lmin = 1.0 m
Lmin = 1.5 m
12
For internal (concrete) post-tensioning, in the cases of common deviations, VSL recommends verifying that:
R Z 100 int, where R is the radius of curvature and int = internal diameter of the duct.
This rule is appropriate for corrugated steel strip sheaths of Category 2 (see Section 2.2.2).
When using corrugated steel strip sheaths of Category 1 (Section 2.2.2), the VSL PT-PLUS duct (Section 2.2.3)
and smooth steel tube, R Z 3 Fpk , where R is expressed in meters and Fpk expressed in MN.
In more unique cases involving the use of smooth steel tubes, the radius of curvature may be significantly
reduced: R Z 20 int. Under such specific conditions, local concrete strength as well as stresses in strands must
be verified.
If existing, national provisions may supersede previous recommendations.
Tendon sections curved in a U-shape at a tight radius to form an inaccessible end of the tendon named loop
anchorage (not considered to be an anchorage in the intent of ETAG 013) respect the following details:
- duct in loop is either smooth or corrugated, diameter one size larger than in free length for ease
of connection (one fitting into other),
-
radius of curvature in loop R Z max { 0.6 Fpk ; 0.6 m }, where R is expressed in meters and
Fpk expressed in MN,
For external (concrete) post-tensioning, in cases where a high-quality polyethylene tube and thickness adequate
for external cable use as defined in Appendix C.2 of the ETAG 013, the following values should be respected.
Tendon Unit
[-]
6-7
6-12
6-19
6-27
6-37
6-43
6-55
While corrugated metal strip sheath can be bent by hand to almost any shape in space, machine-bent smooth
steel pipe can only be bent to a constant radius in one plane. The designer should take this into account when
specifying the tendon profile.
2.3.3 SPACING OF THE SUPPORTS AND TOLERANCES
The support heights underneath the duct are listed on the cable diagrams approximately every meter for a large
radius of curvature and every fifty centimeters for a small radius of curvature, in order to allow for duct
placement with the required level of precision.
Depending on the type of duct and its dimensions, the fastening fittings are sufficiently robust and close enough
such that the ducts and tendons will not exhibit displacements or deformations in excess of the allowed
tolerances. Recommended spacing of tendon supports is 10 to 12 time duct diameter.
The tolerances on cable positions in the concrete elements must respect the prescriptions stipulated in the draft
standard "pr ENV 13670-1".
Moreover, under all circumstances and in every direction, whenever a cable displays or potentially displays
deviation in the vicinity of an edge of concrete which could lead to spalling of concrete cover, an offset with
respect to the cable diagram in this direction is only tolerated provided that equilibrium reinforcing bars have
been provided over this zone.
13
Since the anchorage has been fastened with respect to the structure undergoing post-tensioning, its space
consumption is limited to its specific volume. Strand length is strictly the length of the prestressed element
between the anchorages increased by the over length crossing the stressing jack(s).
These over length have been defined in the drawing for block out dimensions and clearance requirements in
Chapter 6.
(rad-1) (1)
0.17 - 0.19
0.16 - 0.24
0.12 - 0.14
0.16 - 0.24
k (rad/m) (2)
0.005 - 0.010
0.005 - 0.010
0.005 - 0.010
0
14
0.12 - 0.14
0.05
0.05
0
0.008
0.008
The interval limit values encompass both lubricated and non-lubricated strands.
The values of k are zero for cables outside the concrete.
2.6.2 BASIS FOR EVALUATING ELONGATIONS
(1)
(2)
The calculation of elongations for stressing purposes presumes that the tension curve within the strands along
the cable just before locking of the anchorage is known, i.e. fpo (x).
The measurable elongation upon stressing at the back of the jack for the live end anchorage under
consideration, where x = 0, may be written as follows:
Elongation of
tendon in the
stressing jack
Elongation of
tendon in the
prestressed
element
Concrete
Eventual
shortening of the displacement of
prestressed
the dead end of
element
the tendon
On the worksite during stressing, elongation due to tendon slack should be eliminated from the reported value
with appropriate procedures (e.g. taking into account elongations only once the tendon has been stiffened inside
its duct).
Note: ka : friction losses in the anchorages are expressed in Section 4.2.1
2.6.3 SETTING OF ANCHORAGE WEDGES
A 6-mm draw-in of the wedges is considered; this value remains constant for all units and is applicable to all
anchorages and all types of wedges.
When an adjustment must be conducted, the insertion of a suitable split shim between the anchor head and its
anchor plate makes it possible to compensate for the wedge draw-in up to the shim thickness.
In this case, the re-tensioning force must not exceed Pmax, which is the maximum force authorized during unit
stressing. If upon initial tensioning Po,o < Pmax, compensation for the wedge draw-in may thus be complete. If
however upon initial tensioning Po,o = Pmax, an uncompensated wedge draw-in of 1 to 2 mm must be
incorporated.
The split shim is made of same material as anchor plate E and that diameter of hole is the same as specified in
E or CS plate (depending of which anchor is used).
Note: compression fittings are without significant setting.
Version of 28th July 2011
15
CHAPTER 3
ANCHORAGES
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF ANCHORAGE COMPONENTS
VSL Multistrand System anchorages make use of a set of standard elements, to be categorized as follows:
3.1.1 LIVE END / DEAD END ANCHORAGES
Live end (active) and dead end (passive) anchorages comprise:
- Anchor plates and trumpets:
Common anchorage plates and duct-transition trumpets exist in accordance with several models:
- the "E" model composed of a simple plate made of steel according to Standard EN 10025. The E
trumpet is made of steel sheet;
- the "CS" model composed of a spheroidal graphite cast iron matrix according to Standard EN 1563,
made composite with a very high-strength mortar. The CS trumpet is made of plastic and can be ended
by an appropriate ancillary attachment for connection to the VSL PT-PLUS duct. The CS trumpet can
also be associated with E anchor plate model.
- the "GC" model composed of a lamellar graphite cast iron plate according to Standard EN 1561. For
small units (3 to 12) the trumpet is comprised in the casting. For greater units, trumpet is made of
plastic.
- the NC model composed of a spheroidal graphite cast iron body - plate plus trumpet - according to
Standard EN 1563. The NC-U (1) used with monostrands includes a slightly increased diameter
of the transition cone compared to the one of NC used for bare strands. (1) u for unbonded.
- Anchor heads:
The basic anchor heads may be found in two models:
- the "E" model, associated with plate E, GC, NC or NC-U, formed from a steel rod according to Standard
EN 10083-2.
- the "CS" model, associated with plate CS, formed from a steel rod, with quenching and tempering
according to Standard EN 10083-1 and then machined or forged to achieve variable thickness.
The conical holes are machined on transfer equipment and exhaustively controlled.
- Wedges:
The wedges are trimmed in alloyed steel for cementation according to Standard EN 10084, then cleaved into
parts and finally treated. These elements are available as:
the "W6N" or "W6S" model, with two independent parts.
The wedges are specified according to two types, adapted to strand diameters, along with the 6N wedges for
the 0.6" or T15.2 strands and the 6S wedges for the 0.6"S or T15.7 strands. The S (or super) wedges are
differentiated from the N (normal) wedges by the presence on the plane face, which remains apparent, of a
grooved trim. These wedges are all submitted to rigorous controls.
Both the VSL Multistrand System and VSL Slab System (see Annex 2) wedges are identical.
- Protective caps:
In order to enable injecting permanent protection and ultimately contributing to protecting the anchorage, three
cap models to be used with the plate are available:
- the provisional cap designed to contain the injection product for the permanent protection of the zone.
Following the curing period, this cap is recycled for reuse; the injection product must be a rigid grout and
then the anchorage block-out must be filled with concrete;
- the permanent steel cap, containing the anchor head and the protection product, which is left in place
after injection;
- the permanent plastic cap, containing the anchor head and protection product, which is also to be left in
place after injection. This cap has been designed in particular for sealed and electrically isolated cables.
Permanent caps are obviously required in all cases calling for the injection of a flexible protection product.
Version of 28th July 2011
16
Provided a few precautions have been taken against corrosion of the metallic parts, the permanent caps may be
left apparent; moreover, permanent caps can also be used as temporary caps.
3.1.2 COUPLERS
The couplers rely, for the second phase cable (fixed coupler) or both cable (movable coupler), upon reliable
anchorage components that are supported on the installed anchor head including connection grooves.
This setup consists of compression fittings, composed of a hard steel wire coil wound in a spiral and a fitting
sleeve. The coil is assembled on the strand, and then the fitting sleeve is swaged on the assembled unit.
3.1.3 PRESENTATION AND PACKING OF ANCHORAGES
Given that strand placement only takes place in a rather generalized manner following concreting, the delivery
of anchorages on the worksite entails:
(only the most common case of internal (concrete) post-tensioning of a new structure will be highlighted herein)
1. Delivery of the anchor plates along with the ducts for placement within the passive reinforcement, and
fastening of the plates to the formwork. These anchorage parts are delivered tagged for identification
either on pallets or in bulk.
Following concreting and curing:
2. Delivery of the anchor heads and wedges along with the strands to be threaded, installation of the
anchor heads, stressing and grouting of the permanent cable protection. These anchorage components
are delivered tagged for identification, packaged and protected (the same applies for the strands).
17
The arrangement of injection holes vary according to the anchorage models and structures and can either open
onto the front face or may use pipes in order to open onto other faces of the structure.
The anchor heads and wedges are positioned immediately before stressing, a step which serves to avoid
polluting the parts.
Anchorages used with monostrands (individually greased and sheathed) include sealing between anchor head
and monostrands to seal the free grouted tendon length at the anchor plate surface and to confine greased
protection in the anchorage zone (e.g. with neoprene disk or plastic sleeve).
Initially the monostrands are slightly tensioned to remove slack. Then the free length is filled using cementitions
grout to fill the interstices between individual strands and between strands and duct. To achieve this, the duct is
sealed on both ends at the anchor plates using temporary formworks which maintain the correct strand pattern
2
20/25 N/mm ), the
and provide a leak tight seal. Once the grout has attained sufficient strength (f cm(t)
monostrands are stressed to final force.
Anchorages used with both isolating plates (to be inserted between the head and plate) and isolating plastic
caps, enable constituting electrically isolated tendons, such as the CS "SUPER" type units. The "E" anchorages
can also be used for electrically isolated tendons when using the CS plastic trumpet and isolating plate.
As for force losses in the anchorages during stressing, see Section 4.2.1: "Force Measurements".
3.3.2 TYPE "E", "CS", "GC", "NC" AND "NC-U" PASSIVE END ANCHORAGES
The placement of these anchorages is performed as indicated in Section 3.3.1. Once the anchor head has been
installed, before stressing at the other end, the wedges are pre-locked using a wedge tool. The anchorage then
remains accessible throughout the stressing phase for observation. These anchorages also enable generating
electrically isolated tendons.
3.3.3 TYPE "H" BOND ANCHORAGE
The load transfer to the structure is based primarily on the bond of dilated strands within the concrete over a
straight segment length and the anchorage by an onion (curvature of wires) at the strand end.
Upon exiting the duct, the strands are gradually deviated towards two positioning and maintenance grids. The
duct end is reinforced with a ring.
The entire anchorage assembly is solidly fastened to the passive reinforcement.
Following assembly of the injection tube, the sealing between duct end and strands is ensured by means of
resin packing at the level of the ring.
The proper working of the anchorage necessitates degreasing the strands on the bond length, along with careful
concreting over this length using a concrete whose aggregate diameter does not exceed 30 mm.
3.3.4 TYPE "K" FIXED COUPLER
When a structure must be built in several phases, especially when setting up the scaffolding and formwork over
the entire length of the structure proves impossible, it may be wise to stress and anchor certain cables over a
fraction of their length and then extend them through the use of a coupler.
Once the structure has been completed, the coupler may or may not be inside the concrete.
Installation of the coupler proceeds for the active part as defined in Section 3.3.1 for the "E", "CS" or "GC" type
of live end anchorage, with the installed anchor head being the "K" head fitted with grooves for peripheral
coupling.
For the passive part of the coupling, the installation takes place prior to concreting of the zone; the strands
exiting the duct are deviated through a ring towards the "K" head; they are fitted with compression fittings and
placed into the designated grooves. A strapping serves to maintain them in position and a trumpet/sleeve (made
of either sheet metal or plastic) isolates the coupler from the concrete, thereby making it possible to transmit the
prestressing force through the joint.
A vent at the apex of the trumpet/sleeve allows for accurate filling during grouting.
For the use in electrically isolated tendon, in addition to specific arrangements of Section 3.3.1, the K coupler
requires a load distribution plate to be installed between coupling head and isolating plate.
18
When a cable must be composed of several lengths, the "K" head defined in Section 3.3.5 is used as movable
coupler (of two lengths) in the sleeve. The size of the sleeve is defined to allow free movement of the coupler
head during stressing.
A vent at the apex of the sleeve allows for accurate filling during grouting.
internal bonded
cable with plastic
duct
internal
unbonded
external bonded
cable
external
unbonded cable
tendon for
various material
(ext. cable)
restressable
tendon
exchangeable
tendon
encapsulated
tendon (leak
tight)
electrically
isolated tendon
Plate
Head
CS
Trumpet
CS(1)
T(2)
T(2)
PM(3)
PM(3)
PM(3)
PM(3)
PM(4)
PM(4)
PM(3)
PP
Cap
CS
GC
NC
Cryogenic
applications
internal bonded
cable with metal
duct
Components
Anchorages
Uses
Plate
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
Head
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
Trumpet
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS(1)
PP
Cap
T(2)
T(2)
PP(3)
PP(3)
PP(3)
PP(4)
PP(4)
PP
Plate
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
Head
Trumpet
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
GC
Cap
T(2)
T(2)
PM(3)
PM(3)
PM(3)
PM(4)
PM(4)
PM(4)
PM(3)
Plate
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
Head
Cap
T(2)
T(2)
PM(3)
PM(3)
PM(3)
PM(4)
PM(4)
PM(3)
tendon for
various
material (ext.
cable)
encapsulated
tendon (leak
tight)
electrically
isolated
tendon
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
Coupler Head
Trumpet
Trumpet sleeve
V
Coupler Head
Trumpet sleeve
Notes:
exchangeable
tendon
external
unbonded
cable
restressable
tendon
external
bonded cable
H
Plate
internal
bonded cable
with metal
duct
internal
bonded cable
with plastic
duct
internal
unbonded
Components
Anchorages
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
M(6)
M(6)
M(6)
M(6)
M(6)
M(6)
M(6)
P(7)
M(6)
M(6)
M(6)
M(6)
M(6)
M(6)
M(6)
19
b0
b0
b0 and b0 are the distances between the anchorage axis and the edge of the block tested.
The local anchorage zone reinforcement required to prevent bursting and spalling in anchorage zones is
determined in relation to a rectangular prism of concrete, known as the primary regularisation prism, located
behind each anchorage. The cross section of the prism associated with each anchorage is known as the impact
rectangle.
The impact rectangle has the same centre and the same axes of symmetry as the anchor plate (which should
have two axes of symmetry).
The impact rectangle with dimensions X x X has the same area as the block tested A = 4 x b0 b0 and the
same aspect ratio.
Xmin,rect = 0.85 x 2 b0 ;
X min,rect = 0.85 x 2 b0
Xmin and Xmin taking into account dimensions of local anchorage zone reinforcement are given in the tables in
Chapter 6, then
)
or
X Xmin
[1]
X
Xmin
)
and
X x X = A = 4 x b0 b0 [2]
It should be noted that application of Xmin may require adaptation of the local anchorage zone reinforcement in
accordance with the applicable Eurocodes and national regulations, see Chapter 3.6.
Version of 28th July 2011
20
Note: 10 mm is the concrete cover in the tested block (except for H anchorage block using 25 mm).
For anchorage spacing, refer to equations [1] and [2]
Following table gives an overview of the different anchorages and minimum concrete strengths at time of
stressing for which anchorage spacing and local anchorage zone reinforcement is detailed in this ETA, Chapter
6.
2
Type
E
CS
GC
NC / NC-U
H
23/28
25/30
28/35
28/35
28/35
32/40
36/45
43/53
32/40
36/45
40/50
53/64
28/35
Anchorage spacing and local anchorage zone reinforcement are given in Chapter 6 (data sheets)
fcm(t) given in above table is the minimum concrete strength required at the time of stressing the tendon to the
maximum possible stressing force 0.8 x Ap x fpk. On site, the mean strength of concrete prisms / cubes tested
shall be equal or more than the specified fcm(t) at the time when stressing is performed.
It remains possible however to partially stress the tendon. In the case of tensioning to 50% of the maximum
value at the anchorage for example, the strength of concrete f cm(t) may be reduced to approximately 2/3 of the
values indicated above for total stressing.
From a general standpoint for unique cases (e.g. when using materials other than concrete), the project
designer will apply the pertinent Eurocodes with Pdesign 1.1 Fpk to design anchorage and deviation zones
(contact may be made with the VSL organization, which will provide the proper advice as regards experimental
work and developments).
21
In all cases, the local anchorage zone reinforcement must be complemented by a reinforcement in the general
anchorage zone for equilibrium designed by the project designer in accordance with typical design rules.
Similarly, in all cases, the contractor responsible for concreting must ensure that the density and layout of
reinforcement within the anchorage zone allow for adequate and homogeneous concreting of the entire zone.
Similar to every other type of anchorage, VSL type H anchorage requires a local anchorage zone reinforcement
split between a spiral and orthogonal reinforcement (stirrups). This reinforcement is defined on the drawing in
Chapter 6.
22
CHAPTER 4
STRESSING
4.1 STRESSING EQUIPMENT
The VSL equipment used for cable stressing is composed primarily of stressing jacks, hydraulic power packs
(commonly called pumps) and the associated set of measurement instruments or acquisition system.
4.1.1 STRESSING JACKS
Tendons are stressed by means of VSL stressing jacks.
This equipment consists of double acting jacks with a central hole that enables stressing the cable in one or
several stages and then, if need be, to de-stress the cable. Their primary characteristics will be defined below.
In sequence starting from the anchorage, these jacks are composed of:
- 1 nose (chair ring) at the front resting upon the anchor head,
- 1 body or cylinder, including a piston with a central hole, resting upon the chair ring,
- 1 battery composed of metallic tubes fastened to the inside of the hole that guide strands behind the jack,
and
- 1 pulling anchor head behind the piston, with a gripper plate for facilitating the procedure of stressing by
stages. The ungripping of the jack anchorage is performed automatically.
The drawing in Chapter 6 lists the VSL jacks and indicates the clearances to be introduced around the
anchorages and at the ends of the post-tensioned structures in order to facilitate installation.
For the purpose of implementing all the particularities and options, the VSL stressing equipment comprises a
series of modular and compatible accessories; as such, a broad range of tools for these jacks is available by
VSL.
Included herein would be the jack chair ring, the over-stress chair ring, the de-stress chair ring, etc.
4.1.2 HYDRAULIC PUMPS
The VSL pumps comprise the assembly of hydraulic components including: pumps, distributors, nozzles and
safety valves. The pumps are typically driven by electric motors.
The pumps themselves have been dimensioned for normal stressing speeds and contain safety measurement
devices that depend on the specific application.
4.1.3 MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS
The VSL force and elongation measurement instruments or systems serve to control with precision the stressing
operation and display the set of results obtained.
4.2
Before proceeding with cable stressing, a certain number of preconditions must be met, in particular:
- all pertinent safety rules and recommendations must be fully known;
- the force targets along with the corresponding values of elongation; moreover, tolerances must be known
by the PT Supervisor, who will have applied any eventual necessary adjustments to these values in order to
account for parameters specific to the equipment and anchorages;
- the procedure to be adopted in the event of a value beyond the tolerance threshold or any other
unanticipated incident must be known;
- the order in which the post-tensioning cables are to be stressed must be specified;
Version of 28th July 2011
23
- the stressing equipment (including measurement instruments) must comply with guidelines furnished in the
present ETA;
- the required strength of concrete (or other component material) of both the structure and anchorage zone
undergoing stressing must be verified;
- the loading and support states of the structure associated with the stressing phase must also be verified;
- the over lengths of the strands for stressing must remain perfectly clean.
The point should be recalled that during the stressing process, it is strictly forbidden to be positioned behind the
jack or within its immediate vicinity. The same precautions must be taken for the area in the back of the deadend external anchorages.
One of the VSL system's key characteristics lies in its wedge-locking process. Given that the wedges remain in
constant contact with the strands during stressing, the locking operation does not require any accessory device.
4.2.1 FORCE MEASUREMENTS
The measurement of force in the cable, as transformed into pressure measurement in the jack, is generally the
assigned objective herein.
The pressure existing in the jack chamber is indicated by the manometer installed on the pump, with the
eventual possibility of exercising controls on the jack. The manometers used (Accuracy 1%), regularly
recalibrated using a scale, feature a guaranteed precision of 1% of their maximum pressure, which tends to lie
at 600 bars; these instruments thereby provide a precision of 6 bars over the entire manometer scale.
In order to obtain the effective force onto the structure, the force resulting from the manometer reading is
corrected for losses inside the jack as well as for losses due to friction of the strands in the anchorage.
Losses inside the jacks are identified from intrinsic hardware data. Although they contain an independent
pressure term and another closely-proportional term, submitted to the maximum pressure reached upon
completion of the stressing operation, the losses inside jacks are solely expressed in proportional terms and
vary from 1% to 3%.
The losses in active anchorages E, CS, NC, NC-U or K, named ka, are due to friction of the strands deviated on
the components and, depending on the specific anchorage, vary between 1% and 2%.
For the active anchorages type GC they vary from 2 to 3%.
4.2.2 ELONGATION MEASUREMENTS
The measurement of cable elongation is generally a control measurement that provides information on cable
behavior during stressing.
As for elongation measurements, an index is installed on the tendons. During stressing, elongations are then
deduced from measurements of the displacement of this index. Since the onset of displacements combines the
seating of tendons in their ducts with their actual elongation, the elongation during initial displacements is
obtained by means of extrapolating the pure elongations occurring subsequently.
The various pressure-elongation relations noted during the cable stressing phases are recorded on the
stressing data sheets, which are to remain available.
Section 2.6.2 provides a recap of the elongation evaluation basis used during the stressing operation.
24
CHAPTER 5
25
0.20
The various phases and parameters associated with cable injection are to be recorded on the injection data
sheets, which are to remain available.
5.5 SEALING
The continuity of protection against all types of aggressions must be ensured all along the cable up to and
including the anchorages.
The protection measures introduced for this unique zone, which is often located at the extremity of the structure
and submitted to external aggressions determined during the design phase, must be effective.
Refer to the section entitled "Protective Caps" in Section 3.1.1 "Active end / Passive end anchorages" and to the
corresponding drawings in Chapter 6.
The concreting of block-out in the anchorage zone with surface treatment and eventual reinforcing bars
represents the most widespread solution. Moreover, it may be advantageously complemented by a waterproof
lining that prevents against all risks of infiltration of fluids that may runoff on the face of the block-out.
The permanent metallic caps (if protected by means of galvanization, paint, etc.) or plastic caps may be left
apparent.
26
CHAPTER 6
SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS
(dimensions expressed in mm)
Title
Page
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
DUCTING
59
Wedge W6S
COMPRESSION FITTINGS
Fitting
Insert CF6
Insert CF6N
Assembly
th
27
28
Hole spacing
E 6-1
E 6-2
E 6-27
E 6-3
E 6-4
E 6-7
E 6-31
E 6-12
E 6-15
E 6-37
Cross section
E 6-1 to E 6-55
th
E 6-19
E 6-43
E 6-22
E 6-55
29
Hole spacing
6-7
6-12
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-7 to 6-37
STANDARD, PLUS & EXTERNAL
SUPER
th
6-37
30
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
6-43
6-55
106
111
118
134
145
155
162
173
183
200
210
225
Unit
6-7
6-12
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
112
113
114
115
140
150
160
th
ANCHORAGES TYPE E
CATEGORIES OF USE ARRANGEMENTS
Anchorage cast in concrete structure
th
31
32
(1)
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
6-43
6-55
65
95
120
130
160
210
240
270
290
320
340
375
410
450
18
50
56
65
84
118
143
150
172
185
192
215
248
255
53
90
95
110
135
170
190
200
220
240
260
280
300
340
50
50
50
55
60
75
85
95
100
110
120
135
145
160
150
200
205
210
315
495
580
635
740
685
750
895
1020
1030
10
10
15
20
25
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
80
25
50
55
60
72
92
97
107
122
132
142
155
165
185
21/25
21/25
21/25
21/25
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
78
115
135
150
190
240
275
280
300
330
360
435
490
540
5
5
M12
M12
M12
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M20
M20
Unit
th
33
(1)
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
6-43
6-55
70
100
125
145
175
230
265
290
320
350
370
410
450
500
18
50
56
65
84
118
143
150
172
185
192
215
248
255
53
90
95
110
135
170
190
200
220
240
260
280
300
340
50
50
50
55
60
75
85
95
100
110
120
135
145
160
150
200
205
210
315
495
580
635
740
685
750
900
1025
1040
10
10
15
20
25
35
40
45
50
55
60
70
75
90
25
50
55
60
72
92
97
107
122
132
142
155
165
185
21/25
21/25
21/25
21/25
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
79
122
135
150
210
265
275
280
300
330
360
435
490
540
5
5
M12
M12
M12
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M20
M20
Unit
th
34
(1)
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
6-43
6-55
75
110
135
160
205
270
305
340
370
410
435
480
520
580
18
50
56
65
84
118
143
150
172
185
192
215
248
255
53
90
95
110
135
170
190
200
220
240
260
280
300
340
50
50
50
55
60
75
85
95
100
110
120
135
145
160
150
200
205
210
320
500
585
640
745
690
755
905
1030
1045
10
10
15
20
30
40
45
50
55
60
65
75
80
95
25
50
55
60
72
92
97
107
122
132
142
155
165
185
21/25
21/25
21/25
21/25
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
28/32
86
136
135
150
210
265
275
280
300
330
360
435
490
540
5
5
M12
M12
M12
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M20
M20
Unit
th
35
Reinforcement for concrete with fcm(t) < 43/53 N/mm at time of stressing
SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT
Unit
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
6-43
6-55
10
12
14
16
16
16
16
20
20
20
20
20
25
25
(1)
5
5
5
5
6
7
7
7
8
8
9
10
9
10
ORTHOGONAL REINF.
(2)
50
50
65
70
55
50
50
60
60
60
60
55
65
65
70
110
135
160
220
260
280
320
350
390
430
480
510
590
150
150
195
210
220
250
250
300
360
360
420
440
455
520
12
16
16
16
20
20
20
20
20
7
7
6
9
8
8
9
10
11
50
50
75
50
65
65
60
60
60
295
330
370
400
445
480
530
560
640
n Number of turns incl. first and last turn required for anchorage of spiral
r Number of reinforcement layers
th
X
95
130
155
180
240
315
350
390
420
465
500
550
585
660
36
Reinforcement for concrete with fcm(t) < 36/45 N/mm at time of stressing
SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT
Unit
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
6-43
6-55
10
12
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
20
20
20
(1)
5
5
5
6
6
7
8
8
10
11
11
11
12
13
ORTHOGONAL REINF.
(2)
65
55
50
45
65
50
50
50
45
45
45
50
50
50
75
115
145
170
195
270
300
345
375
425
460
505
545
625
195
165
150
180
260
250
300
300
360
405
405
450
500
550
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
20
20
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
10
10
12
80
70
70
60
55
50
45
60
65
60
230
305
345
390
420
470
505
550
595
675
n Number of turns incl. first and last turn required for anchorage of spiral
r Number of reinforcement layers
th
X
95
135
165
190
250
325
365
410
440
490
525
570
615
695
37
Reinforcement for concrete with fcm(t) < 32/40 N/mm at time of stressing
SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT
Unit
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
6-43
6-55
10
12
12
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
20
20
20
(1)
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
10
11
12
11
13
14
ORTHOGONAL REINF.
(2)
65
60
50
45
45
55
55
55
45
45
45
55
50
50
85
125
155
180
210
290
320
370
400
450
490
540
585
670
195
180
200
180
225
275
330
330
360
405
450
495
550
600
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
5
6
7
8
8
10
12
11
14
18
65
60
60
60
60
50
45
55
45
40
245
325
365
415
445
495
535
585
630
715
n Number of turns incl. first and last turn required for anchorage of spiral
r Number of reinforcement layers
th
X
105
145
175
200
265
345
385
435
465
515
555
605
650
735
38
Reinforcement for concrete with fcm(t) < 28/35 N/mm at time of stressing
SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT
Unit
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
6-43
6-55
10
12
12
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
20
20
20
(1)
5
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
10
11
11
11
12
14
ORTHOGONAL REINF.
(2)
65
60
55
50
50
65
65
60
50
50
50
60
55
55
90
135
165
195
225
315
345
395
430
485
525
580
630
720
195
180
165
200
200
325
325
360
400
450
450
540
550
660
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
5
6
6
7
7
9
10
9
11
14
75
75
75
75
75
65
60
75
65
55
260
350
390
440
475
530
570
625
675
765
n Number of turns incl. first and last turn required for anchorage of spiral
r Number of reinforcement layers
th
X
110
155
185
215
280
370
410
460
495
550
590
645
695
785
39
Reinforcement for concrete with fcm(t) < 23/28 N/mm at time of stressing
SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT
Unit
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
6-43
6-55
10
12
12
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
20
20
20
(1)
5
5
5
6
6
7
7
9
10
11
12
11
13
14
ORTHOGONAL REINF.
(2)
60
60
55
50
60
65
75
60
60
55
55
65
60
60
100
150
185
220
260
345
390
450
490
545
585
645
705
805
180
180
165
200
240
325
375
420
480
495
550
585
660
720
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
4
7
6
6
7
8
10
9
10
15
75
70
75
90
75
70
60
75
70
55
295
390
435
495
535
595
635
695
750
855
n Number of turns incl. first and last turn required for anchorage of spiral
r Number of reinforcement layers
th
X
120
170
205
240
315
410
455
515
555
615
655
715
770
875
ANCHORAGES TYPE CS
CATEGORIES OF USE ARRANGEMENTS
Anchorage cast in concrete structure
- STANDARD Unit
- External tendon
th
40
41
ANCHORAGES TYPE CS
SIZES
(1)
Unit
F1
6-7
6-12
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
222
258
300
320
360
390
420
136
149
170
180
203
217
236
85
117
148
165
181
188
211
143
178
210
228
256
274
300
50
60
70
70
69
69
82
225
392
540
570
660
620
805
F2
(2)
360
530
660
740
810
740
925
G
60
80
90
100
110
122
130
for STANDARD
for PLUS or SUPER
(3)
J spacing of holes for fixation to formwork
(2)
th
H1
(1)
80
95
110
125
139
149
149
H2
(2)
63
81
106
106
121
136
136
(3)
188
220
260
274
310
330
357
K
M12
M12
M12
M12
M16
M16
M16
42
Reinforcement for concrete with fcm(t) < 28/35 N/mm when stressing
SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT
(1)
Unit
6-7
6-12
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
12
16
16
16
16
16
20
6
7
9
10
11
12
11
ORTHOGONAL REINF.
(2)
60
65
60
60
55
55
65
260
345
450
490
545
585
645
240
325
420
480
495
550
585
10
12
16
16
16
16
16
7
9
11
11
11
12
13
50
60
65
75
50
45
50
295
390
495
535
595
635
695
n Number of turns incl. first and last turn required for anchorage of spiral
r Number of reinforcement layers
th
X
315
410
515
555
615
655
715
ANCHORAGES TYPE GC
CATEGORIES OF USE ARRANGEMENTS
Anchorage cast in concrete structure
- STANDARD Unit
- PLUS Unit
- External Tendon
th
43
44
ANCHORAGES TYPE GC
SIZES
Unit
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
(1)
(2)
A
130
140
180
230
260
290
320
350
375
410
B
120
120
135
220
240
150
150
170
170
170
C
50
60
76
92
113
131
153
164
173
196
95
110
135
170
190
200
220
240
260
280
50
55
60
75
85
95
100
110
120
135
F
120
(2)
120
(2)
135
(2)
220
(2)
240
450
640
620
580
770
th
(2)
(1)
50
60
76
92
113
112
112
127
143
142
140
154
210
264
316
354
400
430
470
524
K
M12
M12
M12
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
45
Reinforcement for concrete with fcm(t) < 40/50 N/mm at time of stressing
SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT
Unit
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
12
12
16
16
20
16
20
20
20
20
(1)
5
6
6
7
7
8
7
8
9
9
ORTHOGONAL REINF.
50
40
60
50
60
50
60
60
60
60
135
160
220
295
330
335
370
400
435
480
150
160
240
250
300
300
300
360
420
420
12
12
16
16
20
(2)
8
7
6
7
7
50
65
85
75
80
370
400
445
480
530
n Number of turns incl. first and last turn required for anchorage of spiral
r Number of reinforcement layers
th
X
155
180
240
315
350
390
420
465
500
550
46
Reinforcement for concrete with fcm(t) < 36/45 N/mm at time of stressing
SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT
(1)
Unit
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
12
12
16
16
16
16
20
16
16
20
5
6
6
8
8
9
8
11
11
10
ORTHOGONAL REINF.
(2)
55
45
65
50
50
45
60
45
45
55
145
170
230
305
315
355
385
425
460
510
165
180
260
300
300
315
360
405
405
440
10
12
12
16
16
16
6
7
6
8
10
10
65
65
79
60
50
60
345
390
420
465
500
550
n Number of turns incl. first and last turn required for anchorage of spiral
r Number of reinforcement layers
th
X
165
190
250
325
365
410
440
485
520
570
47
Reinforcement for concrete with fcm(t) < 32/40 N/mm at time of stressing
SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT
(1)
Unit
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
12
12
12
16
16
16
20
16
16
20
5
6
6
7
8
10
8
11
12
12
ORTHOGONAL REINF.
(2)
55
45
50
55
50
45
60
45
45
50
155
180
215
295
335
375
410
455
490
540
165
180
200
275
300
360
360
405
450
500
10
10
10
12
12
16
16
16
6
5
7
7
6
8
10
8
50
90
65
65
85
65
55
85
245
325
365
410
445
495
530
580
n Number of turns incl. first and last turn required for anchorage of spiral
r Number of reinforcement layers
th
X
175
200
265
345
385
430
465
515
550
600
48
Reinforcement for concrete with fcm(t) < 28/35 N/mm at time of stressing
SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT
(1)
Unit
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
10
12
12
16
16
16
20
16
16
20
5
5
6
7
9
9
9
11
13
12
ORTHOGONAL REINF.
(2)
50
60
50
60
50
50
60
50
45
55
140
170
230
320
365
410
445
490
530
585
150
180
200
300
350
350
420
450
495
550
8
8
10
10
8
12
10
16
16
16
4
5
6
6
9
9
7
9
10
9
55
50
50
75
50
55
80
60
60
80
165
195
260
350
390
440
475
530
570
625
n Number of turns incl. first and last turn required for anchorage of spiral
r Number of reinforcement layers
th
X
185
215
280
370
410
460
495
550
590
645
49
Reinforcement for concrete with fcm(t) < 25/30 N/mm at time of stressing
SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT
(1)
Unit
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
10
12
12
16
16
16
20
16
16
20
5
5
7
7
9
10
9
12
13
11
ORTHOGONAL REINF.
(2)
50
60
50
60
50
50
60
50
50
60
150
180
250
345
395
445
480
530
570
630
150
180
250
300
350
400
420
500
550
540
8
8
10
10
8
12
10
16
16
16
4
5
6
5
7
7
6
9
11
10
60
50
55
85
70
70
100
65
60
70
180
210
280
380
425
480
515
570
615
670
n Number of turns incl. first and last turn required for anchorage of spiral
r Number of reinforcement layers
th
X
200
230
305
400
440
495
535
590
635
690
th
50
51
Unit
NC
NC-U
6-55
6-55
420
420
510
510
520
520
340
340
160
160
183
223
452
452
(1)
Type
th
K
M16
M16
52
Reinforcement for concrete with fcm(t) < 53/64 N/mm at time of stressing
SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT
(1)
Unit
6-55
20
11
ORTHOGONAL REINF.
(2)
55
580
495
18
11
80
620
n Number of turns incl. first and last turn required for anchorage of spiral
r Number of reinforcement layers
th
X
650
53
Reinforcement for concrete with f cm(t) < 28/35 N/mm when stressing
Unit
6-1
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
(1)
Arrangement 1
90
290
390
450
430
450
570
690
690
810
1050
-
90
90
90
90
230
230
230
230
260
260
370
-
1
3
4
4
8
9
10
12
17
14
18
-
(1)
D1
155
1300
1300
1300
1300
1600
1400
1650
1600
1900
1700
2550
2000
950
950
950
1150
200
16
64
70
83
16/20
21/25
28/32
28/32
1150
230
16
114
28/32
1150
1150
1450
1250
1500
1450
1750
1550
2400
1850
300
300
16
16
130
140
28/32
28/32
350
16
146
28/32
350
16
171
28/32
400
20
171
28/32
400
20
178
28/32
Arrangement 2
210
230
390
370
470
490
530
570
690
190
210
330
370
390
470
510
510
510
4
5
12
9
16
20
20
20
24
155
155
155
155
155
165
175
ANCHORAGES TYPE H
ARRANGEMENT AND MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OF CONCRETE SECTIONS
th
54
COUPLERS TYPE K
CATEGORIES OF USE ARRANGEMENTS
Coupler type K with anchorage type E
th
55
56
COUPLERS TYPE K
SIZES
Unit
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
76
83
95
121
133
146
159
168
178
203
150
160
190
240
270
280
310
350
360
400
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
180
180
200
430
440
560
660
770
770
910
980
970
1200
200
210
310
400
510
510
610
655
625
830
62
67
77
97
102
112
122
132
142
155
118
118
128
128
128
128
128
150
150
168
th
57
COUPLERS TYPE V
CATEGORIES OF USE ARRANGEMENTS
SIZES
Unit
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
76
83
95
121
133
146
159
168
178
203
150
160
190
240
270
280
310
350
360
400
F1
F2
G1
G2
210
220
220
220
220
220
220
240
240
260
210
220
320
420
530
530
630
690
660
870
200
210
310
410
520
520
620
670
640
850
60
60
80
80
80
80
120
110
130
130
70
70
90
90
90
90
130
130
150
150
60
65
75
95
100
110
120
130
140
153
th
E
118
118
128
128
128
128
128
150
150
168
58
Unit
Jack ZPE
Weight kg
6-1
ZPE-23FJ
ZPE-30
135
200
140
40
300
600
90
100
116
140
1200
1350
23
28
6-2
6-3
ZPE-60
ZPE-60
170
195
140
140
60
70
650
650
140
140
180
180
1100
1100
74
74
6-4
ZPE-7A
ZPE-12St2
ZPE-200
ZPE-185
220
145
80
305
150
90
650
670
950
620
200
200
210
180
280
310
315
300
1400
1300
2000
1220
115
151
308
280
6-12
ZPE-19
370
155
125
700
250
390
1500
294
6-15
ZPE-460/31
ZPE-500
460
175
150
570
1050
300
330
485
550
1500
2100
435
1064
570
1050
300
330
485
550
1500
2100
435
1064
1150
1050
860
330
330
280
510
550
500
2000
2100
1620
450
435
650
1150
1350
365
365
520
520
2600
2600
1100
1100
1200
1200
1250
950
450
450
375
360
790
790
620
650
2400
2400
2550
1760
2290
2290
1730
1170
1200
450
790
2400
2290
6-7
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
6-43
Notes:
ZPE-460/31
ZPE-500
ZPE-500K
ZPE-500
ZPE-580
ZPE-750
ZPE-750
ZPE-1000
ZPE-1000
ZPE-1250
ZPE-980
ZPE-1000
ZPE-1250
ZPE-1000
ZPE-1250
ZPE-1450
460
185
160
530
190
175
595
200
195
595
210
200
640
225
225
680
235
250
1250
375 620 2700
1730
1200
450 790 2400
2290
6-55
760
250 260
1250
375 620 2700
1730
1010
420 770 1850
1690
6-55
1000
3500
3500
ZPE-1350
760
250 260
470 840
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1) If a deeper recess > B is required, minimum lateral clearance E applies instead of
block out dimension A
(2) Dimensions D, G and the weight of stressing jack type ZPE 1350 depend on jack
configuration.
th
59
DUCTING
Strand
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Unit
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-7
6-12
6-15
6-19
6-22
6-27
6-31
6-37
6-43
6-55
Corrugated Steel
Strip Sheath
(1)
int / ext
e
25/30
5
40/45
9
40/45
6
45/50
7
8
50/57
55/62
9
55/62
7
65/72
11
65/72
9
11
70/77
9
70/77
75/82
11
80/87
13
80/87
11
80/87
10
12
85/92
85/92
11
90/97
13
90/97
12
100/107
17
100/107
16
100/107
15
100/107
14
100/107
13
110/117
18
110/117
17
110/117
16
110/117
15
120/127
21
120/127
20
120/127
19
120/127
18
120/127
17
120/127
16
130/137
22
130/137
21
130/137
20
140/147
25
140/147
24
140/147
23
140/147
23
140/147
22
140/147
21
150/157
27
150/157
27
150/157
26
150/157
25
150/157
24
150/157
23
160/167
29
160/167
28
160/167
27
160/167
27
160/167
27
160/167
26
Duct
VSL PT-PLUS
(2)
int / ext
e
22/25
4
58/63
58/63
58/63
76/81
76/81
76/81
76/81
76/81
100/106
100/106
100/106
100/106
100/106
100/106
100/106
100/106
100/106
100/106
115/121
115/121
115/121
115/121
115/121
130/136
130/136
130/136
130/136
130/136
130/136
130/136
130/136
130/136
130/136
150/157
150/157
150/157
150/157
150/157
150/157
150/157
150/157
150/157
150/157
150/157
150/157
150/157
150/157
150/157
150/157
150/157
150/157
13
11
9
18
16
15
13
12
25
24
23
22
20
19
18
17
16
15
22
22
21
21
20
27
27
26
25
24
23
22
22
21
20
31
30
9
29
28
27
27
27
26
25
24
23
24
23
22
22
22
21
Smooth Steel
Duct
(3)
ext x t
25.0 x 2.0
42.4x2.0/2.5/3.0
42.4x2.0/2.5/3.0
48.3x2.0/2.5/3.0
76.1 x2.0/2.5/3.0
75 x 5.6
90 x 5.4
80.0x2.0/2.5
90 x 5.4
110 x 5.3
101.6x3.0/4.0/5.0
110 x 5.3
125 x 6.0
101.6
x3.0/4.0/5.0
110 x 5.3
50 x 3.7
75 x 5.6
140 x 6.7
114.3
x3.0/4.0/5.0
125 x 6.0
114.3
x3.0/4.0/5.0
125 x 6.0
160 x 7.7
127.0
x3.0/4.0/5.0
140 x 6.7
160 x 7.7
139.7 x3.0/4.0
140 x 6.7
180 x 8.6
152.4
x3.0/4.0/5.0
160 x 7.7
200 x 9.6
168.3 x3.0/4.0
180 x 8.6
225 x 10.8
Exterior of corrugations. Use next larger duct for strong deviation and long cables. The corrugated steel strip
sheaths of diameters larger than 130mm follow the design of EN 523 with the same thickness.
Exterior of duct.
According to standard EN 10255, EN 10216-1, EN 10217-1, EN 10219-2 and EN 10305-3.
Recommended values. Dimensions might vary depending on project requirements.
According to standard EN 12201, material PE 80. Recommended values. Dimensions might vary depending
on project requirements.
th
Annex 2
TECHNICAL DATA
OF THE
VSL SLAB SYSTEM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Page
4
5
5
6
8
8
8
10
11
11
12
13
14
14
15
15
17
18
19
20
21
6. SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS
22
1.
CHAPTER 1
SYSTEM DEFINITION
STRAND
15.2 - T15.2 or 6
2
15.7 - T15.7 or 6S
2
Number of
strands in the
prestressing
unit
Ap
Ap.fpk
0.8
Ap.fpk
Ap.fp0.1k
0.9
Ap.fp0.1k
Ap
Ap.fpk
0.8
Ap.fpk
Ap.fp0.1k
0.9
Ap.fp0.1k
1
2
3
4
mm
140
280
420
560
kN
260.0
520.0
780.0
1 040.0
kN
208.0
416.0
624.0
832.0
kN
229.0
458.0
687.0
916.0
kN
206.1
412.2
618.3
824.4
mm
150
300
450
600
kN
279.0
558.0
837.0
1 116.0
kN
223.2
446.4
669.6
892.8
kN
246.0
492.0
738.0
984.0
kN
221.4
442.8
664.2
885.6
Note : prestressing force applied to structure must be in accordance with national regulations
The system can obviously be used with strands displaying a specific characteristic tensile strength of less than
2
that proposed in the table as strands with fpk = 1 770 N/mm . The provisions for tendons with strands with a
2
2
characteristic tensile strength fpk = 1 860 N/mm also apply to tendons with strands with fpk < 1 860 N/mm .
The draft Standard pr EN 10138-3 sets the following criteria for the other useful characteristics of prestressing
strands composing the VSL units:
- Elongation at maximal force:
3.5%
2.5%
- Relaxation at 0.70 fpk after 1,000 hours:
4.5%
- Relaxation at 0.80 fpk after 1,000 hours:
2
6
2x10 cycles
- Fatigue behaviour (0.70 fpk; 190 N/mm ):
- Maximum D value of deflected tensile test:
28%
2
195 000 N/mm
- Modulus of elasticity Ep:
The strands are stressed individually, the modulus of elasticity of the strand measured and communicated at the
time of its supply is to be taken into account for the cable elongation calculations.
Individually greased and sheathed monostrands have the same mechanical properties as listed above for bare
strands.
1.3 ANCHORAGES
1.3.1 PRESENTATION OF THE ANCHORAGES
The VSL Slab System anchorages are all (with the exception of the type "H" bonded anchorages) available for
the two systems of unbonded or bonded tendons. Depending on their function and commercial labeling, the
anchorages may be classified as follows:
Type "S 6-1", "S 6-1 PLUS" and "S 6-4" active end anchorages
These active anchorages have been designed to anchor tendons at the end at which the stressing will be
performed strand by strand.
They are composed of a single-block anchorage casing drilled with conically-shaped holes (1 or 4) in which the
strands are anchored by means of locking through the use of wedges. These anchorages exist in both the
unbonded and bonded systems.
The continuity of protection and the waterproof sealing between the duct and the anchorage casing are provided
by means of a plastic sleeve. In the case of S 6-1 PLUS, a plastic coat covers the external faces of the
anchorage casing in continuity of the plastic sleeve.
In the unbonded case, a cap is required to close the housing of the wedges after filling with a protective product
(identical or compatible with that of the greased and sheathed single strands) by injection.
The "S 6-1" and the "S 6-1 PLUS" anchorages can be used as an intermediate anchorage at a construction joint
with the strand being continuous through the anchorage and over the entire tendon length to the end
anchorage. The tendon is first stressed at the intermediate anchorage at the construction joint. When the entire
slab is built, the tendon is stressed at the end anchorage and the intermediate anchorage becomes obsolete but
remains in place. The remaining wedge bites on the free length are acceptable. Overlapping wedge bites on the
strand and angular deviation of the strand before or behind the intermediate anchorage shall however be
avoided.
Type "S 6-1", "S 6-1 PLUS" and "S 6-4" passive end anchorages
These passive anchorages ensure the locking of tendons at the end on which no stressing force is being
exerted by means of the jack. These anchorages apply to both the unbonded and bonded systems.
This category only includes those anchorages that remain accessible at the time of stressing.
The type "S 6-1" or "S 6-1 PLUS" anchorages, whose wedges have been pre-locked and which may be
controlled during stressing are used for the given function.
The protection of these dead end anchorages is identical to that of the live end anchorages.
Type "SF 6-1" and "SF 6-1 PLUS" embedded dead end anchorages
These fixed anchorages are incorporated into the concrete of the structure. Only considered as embedded
anchorages are those that make use of a direct transfer on the concrete in order to lock the tendon ends.
In both the unbonded and bonded systems, the type SF 6-1 or SF 6-1 PLUS anchorages, which have been
assembled onto the tendons prior to their installation, are used for the given function. Their wedges are locked
into the anchorage bodies S 6-1 or S 6-1 PLUS and maintained using a series of washers and springs
supported on the caps screwed at the end, a set-up that provides mechanical protection against any slipping
movement. The SF 6-1 and SF 6-1 PLUS anchorages receive the same protection as the live end anchorages.
Type "H 6- (1 through 4)" bonded anchorages
These fixed anchorages rely, at least in part, on bonding in order to maintain the tendon end fastened with
respect to the concrete. They are strictly the same as those of the VSL Multistrand System, which has been
detailed in Annex 1.
These anchorages may only be used for the bonded system.
1.3.2 LIST OF APPROVED ANCHORAGES
The set of approved anchorages that allow creating all of the intermediate prestressing units have been
categorized in the following table:
System
unbonded
bonded
ANCHORAGE
CABLE
Function
Unit
label
1T15.2 / 1T15.7
6-1 / 6S-1
4T15.2 / 4T15.7
6-4 / 6S-4
Unit
label
1T15.2 / 1T15.7
6-1 / 6S-1
4T15.2 / 4T15.7
6-4 / 6S-4
Active end
Passive end
S PLUS
S PLUS
S PLUS
Si
Si PLUS
Si
Si PLUS
Si
Si PLUS
Bonded
The stressing of tendons anchorages is only conducted by VSL stressing jacks, which are presented in Chap. 4.
Si 6-4
S 6-4
SFi 6-1
Si 6-1 PLUS
Si 6-1
SF 6-1 PLUS
SF 6-1
S 6-1 PLUS
Anchorages
Uses
S 6-1
concrete
From the aforementioned, two zones appear to stand out, the free length and the anchorage zone; they will be
presented in greater detail in the following chapters entitled "Strands and ducts" and "Anchorages".
CHAPTER 2
STRANDS
DUCTS
2. TENDONSAND
AND DUCTS
2.1 STRANDS USED
The high-strength prestressing steel (strands) composing the tendons are labeled "Y1860S7 No. 1.1366" and
are defined in the draft Standard "pr EN 10138-3: Prestressing steels Part 3: Strand". On an occasional basis,
the strands labeled "Y1770S7 No. 1.1365" may also be employed.
The primary characteristics have been recalled in Section 1.2.
As regards monostrands (individually greased and sheathed) that are used in the unbonded system, they are
compliant with Annex C.1 of the ETAG 013, which specifies the requirements, verification methods and
acceptance criteria of both the grease and the sheathing.
with
bonded
injection
Metal duct
Corrugated steel strip flat sheath
Plastic duct
VSL PT-PLUS
standard
encapsulated
electrically
isolated
Note: ) This set-up features a fully-bonded cable.
: Advised
~ : Possible
NA: not allowed
NA
NA
The VSL Slab System's prestressing tendon ducts, with either a cylindrical cross-section or oblong, must display
internal dimensions large enough to provide for easy tendon installation and adequate filling during grouting of
the protective product.
The small internal dimension of the oblong section is considerably less than two strand diameters in order to
ensure that they remain juxtaposed side by side, in the same position all along the tendon.
The most common duct sizes are listed on drawing "Ducting" of Chapter 6.
2.3.2 METAL DUCTS
Tendons are most often isolated from the concrete by means of corrugated steel strip cylindrical or flat sheaths.
Although not covered in Standard EN 523, these flat sheaths due to their shapes and dimensions may be
qualified as normal (Category 1). Their characteristics are nearly the same as those of the cylindrical sleeve
stipulated in the standard.
Connections between coils or straight segments are performed by means of a coupler on the two extremities to
be connected. The waterproof sealing at the joints is provided by either an adhesive ribbon or thermoretractable sleeves.
2.3.3 PLASTIC DUCTS
In the case of stringent requirements as regards to both corrosion protection and fatigue resistance of cables, it
is recommended to use the corrugated plastic VSL PT-PLUS flat or cylindrical duct; this material generates
perfect bonding between the tendons and the structure (6-1 round / 6-4 flat see chapter 6). It is the preferred
choice for tendons submitted to a particularly-aggressive environment or strong fatigue loads. The fittings
between ducts segments are introduced by means of connectors that serve to generate a waterproof sealing.
The VSL PT-PLUS duct complies with ETAG 013.
The VSL PT-PLUS duct with its set of appropriate fittings is also employed in the case of fully-encapsulated
(waterproof) and or electrically isolated cables. This application necessitates the presence of rigid half-shells
between the duct and its supports at all the high points along the cable path in order to avoid any risk of
perforation during stressing of the tendon.
For design considerations in accordance with EN-1992 where the relative bond properties between reinforcing
steel and post-tensioning tendons are relevant it may be assumed that tendons in PT-PLUS plastic ducts have a
50% longer bond length than tendons in corrugated metal ducts.
2.3.4 ACCESSORIES FOR INLETS, BLEED VENTS AND OUTLET
Providing permanent protection by means of grout injection presupposes the possibility of intervening anywhere
along the cable path in order to adjust the filling and bleed any air, water, etc. that may be within the ducts. In
this aim, accessories for inlets, venting and outlets are installed on the ducts. These basically comprise shells or
collars fastened onto holes in the ducts and then connected to pipes with plugs opening onto the slab surface or
subsurface.
Duct
Plastic pipe
Plastic pipe
The distributions of inlet, venting, bleeding and outlet points along the cable profile are selected based on a
function-specific study of the cable path.
2.3.5 CONNECTION WITH SLEEVES
The strands, placed within their ducts, must slightly dilate in the vicinity of the "S 6-4" anchorages in order to
pass through the corresponding holes in the anchorage body. This "variable oblong"-shaped duct expansion is
called a trumpet and is considered part of the anchorage element.
The trumpets are fastened to the formwork of appropriate dimensions, with enough length and opening at the
end to allow for connection and alignment of the duct of the current zone.
10
The sealing between the ends of duct and trumpet is carried out using an adhesive strip, a thermo-retractable
sleeve, or a connector designed as a duct accessory (e.g. a VSL PT-PLUS coupler).
11
- Tendons placed with the method of Freie Spanngliedlage need only a limited number of tendon supports, in
general at the low and high points of the tendon profile, however, with limitations on the spacing as stated
below.
- The maximum spacing of tendon supports is:
- 1.5 m between the tendon fixation to the top layers of reinforcement and an adjacent anchorage,
- 3.0 m between the tendon fixation to the bottom layers of reinforcement and an adjacent anchorage or
the tendon fixation to the top layer of reinforcement.
- At the low points and high points of the tendon profile, the tendons have to be fixed to the top and bottom
layers of reinforcement, respectively, on least two locations which have a distance of between 0.3 to 1.0 m. The
fixation shall ensure a tight fit without damaging the tendon sheathing. The reinforcement layers have to be fixed
in accordance with the relevant standards.
2.4.4 STRAND CUT LENGTH
Since the anchorage has been fastened with respect to the part undergoing post-tensioning, its space
consumption is limited to its specific volume. Strand length is strictly the length of the prestressed element
between the anchorages increased by the over length crossing the stressing jack(s).
These over length have been defined in the drawing "Clearance requirements" of Chapter 6.
12
(rad-1) (1)
0.05
0.17 - 0.19
0.12 - 0.14
k (rad/m)
0.008
0.005 - 0.010
0.005 - 0.010
The interval limit values encompass both lubricated and non-lubricated strands.
13
CHAPTER 3
ANCHORAGES
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF ANCHORAGE COMPONENTS
VSL Slab System anchorages make use of a set of standard elements that can be categorized as follows:
3.1.1 LIVE END / DEAD END ANCHORAGES
For these active/passive anchorages, the anchor head and plate are combined to form a single part, commonly
called the anchorage body.
The wedges used for both the VSL Slab System and VSL Multistrand System are identical (see Annex 1).
These anchorages comprise:
- S 6-1 anchorage
The anchorage body is molded and cast in spheroidal graphite cast iron in accordance with Standard EN 1563.
The conically-shaped hole is subject of a rigorous control.
The plastic sleeve is screwed onto the anchorage body.
In the unbonded case, the end cap is made of plastic or metal material.
In the bonded case, a temporary or permanent cap provides for the waterproof seal of the envelope at the
anchorage end in order to perform the grouting.
- S 6-1 PLUS anchorage
The anchorage body is molded and cast in spheroidal graphite cast iron in accordance with Standard EN 1563.
The conically-shaped hole is subject of a rigorous control.
The external plastic coating to isolate metallic anchorage body from concrete is made of polyethylene.
The plastic sleeve is securely fastened to the exit of the anchorage body.
In the unbonded case, the end cap is made of plastic material.
In the bonded case, a temporary or permanent cap provides for the waterproof seal of the envelope at the
anchorage end in order to perform the grouting.
- S 6-4 anchorage
The anchorage body is molded and cast in spheroidal graphite cast iron in accordance with Standard EN 1563;
the four conically-shaped holes are rigorously controlled individually.
The plastic sleeve of this anchorage is inserted into the concrete and accommodates in an appropriate form the
simply-supported anchorage body.
In the unbonded case, a permanent cap filled with grease protects the end anchorage.
In the bonded case, a provisional or permanent cap provides a waterproof sealing of the envelope at the
anchorage end in order to perform the grouting.
3.1.2 PRESENTATION AND PACKING OF ANCHORAGES
The unbonded system:
Since the installation of the monostrands and anchorage body for the S 6-1 anchorage or the trumpet for the
S 6-4 anchorage is done prior to concreting, the delivery of anchorages to the worksite entails:
1. Delivery of the S 6-1, S 6-1 PLUS anchorages or the S 6-4 trumpets, along with the monostrand coils
and the installation accessories for both cable manufacturing and placement in the passive
reinforcement. These anchorage components are fixed to the formwork. The anchorage components
are delivered already tagged, packaged and protected.
After concreting and cure of the concrete,
2. Delivery of the wedges, eventually along with installation of the S 6-4 anchorage units, the stressing
operation, cutting of the strand over lengths and permanent protection of the anchorages. These
anchorage components are delivered identified, packaged and protected.
The bonded system:
Given that strand placement takes place before concreting, the delivery of anchorages on the worksite entails:
14
(only the most common case of internal (concrete) post-tensioning of a new structure will be highlighted herein)
1. Delivery of the S 6-1, S 6-1 PLUS anchorages or the S 6-4 trumpets, the ducts, the accessories for
placement within the passive reinforcement, along with the strands to be threaded. These anchorage
parts are fastened to the formwork. The anchorage units come delivered tagged, packaged and
protected.
Following concreting and curing of the concrete,
2. Delivery of the wedges (eventually the S 6-4 anchorage body), the stressing operation, cutting of the
excess lengths and grouting for the permanent protection of both cables and anchorages. These
anchorage components are delivered identified, packaged and protected.
15
These fixed anchorages reserved for the bonded system are strictly identical to those of the multistrand system
described in Annex 1.
Component
internal
bonded cable
with metal duct
internal
bonded cable
with plastic
duct
internal
unbonded
exchangeable
tendon
encapsulated
tendon (leak
tight)
S & Si 6-1
S & Si 6-1 PLUS
SF & SFi 6-1
SF & SFi 6-1 PLUS
S & Si 6-4
Body
Body
S PLUS
S PLUS
S PLUS
S PLUS
S PLUS
Body
Body
S PLUS
S PLUS
S PLUS
S PLUS
S PLUS
electrically
isolated
tendon
Anchorage
Use
Body
Sleeve
Si
Si
Cap
S
S
S (1)
Si
Si
SP (2)
16
As stated above and in considering a maximum prestressing force P(t,x) at the time of stressing (t = 0)(0) at the
anchorage (x = 0), thus called P(0,0) Pmax, for the normal anchor plates and P(0,0) max = Pmax, the following are
defined:
(0) Force in the cable, at the anchorage on the concrete side, before load transfer to anchorage.
b0
b0
b0 and b0 are the distances between the anchorage axis and the edge of the block tested. These values are
given in the tables here after.
The local anchorage zone reinforcement required to prevent bursting and spalling in anchorage zones is
determined in relation to a rectangular prism of concrete, known as the primary regularisation prism, located
behind each anchorage. The cross section of the prism associated with each anchorage is known as the impact
rectangle.
The impact rectangle has the same centre and the same axes of symmetry as the anchor plate (which should
have two axes of symmetry).
The impact rectangle with dimensions X x X has the same area as the block tested A = 4 x b0 b0 and the same
aspect ratio.
Xmin,rect = 0.85 x 2 b0 ;
X min,rect = 0.85 x 2 b0
Xmin and Xmin taking into account dimensions of bursting reinforcement are given in the tables here after, then
or
X
Xmin
X
Xmin
and
X x X = A = 4 x b0 b0
[1]
[2]
It should be noted that application of Xmin may require adaptation of the local anchorage zone reinforcement in
accordance with the applicable Eurocodes and national regulations, see Chapter 3.6.
Rules for center distance and edge distances of anchorages:
Impact rectangles associated with anchorages located in the same cross section should not overlap.
In addition, they should remain inside the concrete. Taking into account the concrete cover, we obtain the
distance to edge in the two directions :
X
+ cover-10 mm
2
and
X'
+cover 10 mm
2
16/20 N/mm
S 6-1
105
75
180
120
155
100
16/20 N/mm
S 6-1 PLUS
122
94
180
140
155
120
16/20 N/mm
S 6-4
280
115
400
220
340
185
During cable stressing, the concrete in front of the anchorages must have reached an adequate strength level,
2
i.e. a 100% stressing of P(o,o) max = Pmax is not permitted if fcm(t) < 16/20 N/mm , regardless of the anchorage
layout within the concrete element.
It remains possible however to partially tension the tendon.
Version of 28th July 2011
17
(0) Force in the cable, at the anchorage on the concrete side, before load transfer to anchorage.
In the case of stressing to 50% of the maximum value at the anchorage for example, the characteristic
strengths fcm(t) may be reduced to approximately 2/3 of the values indicated above for total stressing.
It is to be recalled that for those anchorages relying upon bonding alone, i.e. for type "H" anchorages, concrete
2
strength within the anchorage zone during stressing must be: fcm(t) 28/35 N/mm .
18
CHAPTER 4
STRESSING
4.1 STRESSING EQUIPMENT
The VSL equipment used for stressing is primarily composed of stressing jacks, hydraulic power packs
(commonly called pumps) and the associated set of measurement instruments or systems.
4.1.1 STRESSING JACKS
The strands are individually stressed by means of VSL stressing jacks, which are available according to two
types:
- a double acting front-gripping hollow piston jack,
- a twin ram double acting jack, with solid pistons laid out on both sides of the strand. This configuration allows
for stressing the intermediate anchorages.
This equipment enables stressing the strand in one or several stages and then, if need be, to de-stress the
strand. Their primary characteristics will be defined below.
In sequence starting from the anchorage, these jacks are composed of:
- 1 nose (chair ring) at the front resting upon the anchorage body, ultimately associated with a seating ram;
- 1 body or cylinder, composed of one or two jacks and resting upon the chair ring,
- 1 auxiliary anchorage driven by the piston(s) and laid out as close as possible to the anchorage installed in
place in order to limit the over length of the strands. The ungripping of the jack anchorage is performed
automatically.
List of VSL jacks:
Designation
Type
Cross section
Length
Weight
Stroke
Ram area
Maximum pressure
Maximum force
Presence of seating ram?
mm
mm
kg
mm
mm
bar
kN
DKP 6
ZPE 23 FJ
2 // pistons
240 x 165
615
30
200
4 926
467
230
No
1 hollow piston
116
790
23
200
4 710
488
230
Yes
The drawing in Chapter 6 indicates the clearances to be introduced around the anchorages at the ends of the
post-tensioned structures in order to facilitate installation.
4.1.2 HYDRAULIC PUMPS
The VSL pumps comprise the assembly of hydraulic components including: pumps, distributors, nozzles and
safety valves. The pumps are typically driven by electric motors.
The stations themselves have been dimensioned for normal stressing speeds and contain safety measurement
devices that depend on the specific application.
4.1.3 INSTRUMENTS AND MEASURING SYSTEMS
The VSL force and elongation measurement instruments or systems serve to control with precision the stressing
operation and display the results obtained.
19
20
CHAPTER 5
5.1 INJECTION
21
- The waterproof sealing of the tendon and anchorage envelopes (ducts, fittings, pipes and caps) must be
verified,
- The climatic conditions and temperature of the structure must satisfy the use conditions of the injection
product.
The primary controls conducted during injection consist of verifying the adequate filling of the duct by means of
inlets, bleed vents and outlets laid out all along the cable path and verifying that the product discharged by the
vents or outlets displays the required properties.
Grouting procedures and grouting surveillance shall be carried out according to EN 446.
As an initial approach, the injection product quantities per unit cable length will be derived from:
[(internal duct section area - tendon section area) (unit length)] (1 + ), where is such that: 0.05
in order to incorporate worksite losses, the shape of the duct and eventual corrugations.
0.10
The various phases and parameters associated with cable injection are to be recorded on the injection data
sheets, which are to remain available.
5.2 SEALING
The continuity of protection against all types of aggressions must be ensured all along the cable up to and
including the anchorages.
The protection measures introduced for this unique zone, which is located at the end of the slab and frequently
protected from external aggressions is most often limited in this case to the filling of the block-out with mortar or
concrete. In the case of end zones exposed to aggressive environment additional protection measures may be
necessary (permanent cap or waterproof lining).
22
CHAPTER 6
SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS
(dimensions expressed in mm)
Title
Page
see Annex 1
ANCHORAGES
Type S 6-1 and Si 6-1 anchorages
Principles of both the "unbonded" and "bonded" systems
Sizes
23
24
25
26
27
28
see Annex 1
29
30
CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS
31
DUCTING
32
23
24
Note: anchorage S 6-1 can be used as intermediate, dead end or embedded anchorage (SF 6-1)
Placing devices
Note: the same anchorage body is used for SFi 6-1 PLUS
Version of 28th July 2011
25
Note: anchorage S 6-1 PLUS can be used as intermediate, dead end or embedded anchorage
(SF 6-1 PLUS)
Placing devices
26
27
Placing devices
28
29
500 N/mm
ANCHORAGE S 6-4
Example of additional reinforcement to combine with main one
30
CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS
Stressing jack DKP-6
31
32
DUCTING
Bonded
Bonded
Corrugated
steel strip
sheath
VSL PT-PLUS
Duct
a int.
72
72
a int.
22
a ext.
76
a ext.
25
75
86
31
b int.
18
21
b ext.
25
21
35
Unbonded
VSL PT-PLUS
Duct
ext. duct
Min / Max
0.6
18 / 20