Government Engineering College Jagdalpur

(Bastar), C.G.
Department Of Mining Engineering
A

VOCATIONAL TRAINING REPORT

on
NATIONAL MINERAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, BACHELI
submitted to:Mr. S.K. PRAJAPATI
BY
KULSHRESTH SINGH
SEMESTER-5TH
BRANCH:
MINING ENGINEERING
ROLL NO.- 3083913028
SESSION: 2015-16

Vocational Training Report

on National Mineral Development Corporation,
BIOM (Bailadila Iron Ore Mines), Bacheli Complex

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are thankful to our Principal, Mr. G.P.Khare & Mr. S.K.Prajapati, Head
of Department of Mining Engineering, GEC Jagdalpur, for their support and
guidance without which the successful completion of the training would have
not been possible.
We would also like to convey our sincere gratitude and indebtness to the faculty
and staff members of Department of Mining Engineering, GEC Jagdalpur, for
their help at different times and for his constant supervision, guidance,
motivation and support at every stage of this project work.
We would also like to extend our sincere thanks to:Sri M.Chandrakantha, Training Officer/Sr. Manager (Min.)T&S;
Sri SSN Murthy, HOD/DGM(Min.);
Sri G. Venkatesvarlu, Sr. Manager (Min.), Survey;
Sri Dharmraj, Sr. Manager (Min.), Drilling & Blasting;
Sri Sanjeev Kr. Sinha, Sr. Manager (Min.), Planning Cell
For their help in providing the necessary information for the dissertation work.
Last but not the least, our sincere thanks to all our friends who have extended all
sorts of help for completion of this work.

PRESENTED BY :-

Mr. S.K.PRAJAPATI

KULSHRESTH SINGH

H.O.D.
MINING ENGG.

CONTENTS
Chapter 1: NMDC : INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2:

BACHELI COMPLEX: PIT No. 5

AT A GLANCE

Chapter 3:

LOCATION & GEOLOGY

Chapter 4:

MINE SURVEY

Chapter 5:

MINING MACHINARY DEPLOYED

Chapter 6:

DRILLING

Chapter 7:

BLASTING

Chapter 8:

EXCAVATING

Chapter 9:

EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENTS USED

IN NMDC MINES

Chapter 10:

MAINTENANCE CARRIED OUT AT

SERVICE CENTER, NMDC

Chapter 1:

INTRODUCTION
MISSION OF NMDC
The
mission
of
NATIONAL MINERAL DEVELOPMENT
CORPORATION is to produce and market the Planned Quantity of IRON ORE
efficiently & economically with due regard to Safety, Conservation,
Environment & Quality.

Production Projects of NMDC

Iron Ore Deposits of Bailadila Range

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF BAILADILA

IRON ORE MINES
We
are
committed
to,
continual
improvement
in
our
environmental performance with emphasis on compliance of environmental
legislations, prevention of pollution at all levels, participation of interested
parties and reuse of generated wastes.

INTRODUCTION
India produces about 150 Million tons of iron ore and ranks fourth in the
world of iron ore production. In India NMDC is the single largest producer and
exporter of iron ore. The major mines of NMDC are located in the Bailadila Iron
Ore complex of Chhattisgarh. Bailadila Iron Ore is located in the South Bastar
District of Dantewara. NMDC is producing about 18 Million Tonnes of Iron
from the Bailadila sector.
The iron ore is distributed in the form of thin lenticular deposits in the eastern
and western ridges of the Bailadila Iron Ore Series. Deposit No 1-5 are located
in the western ridge whereas Deposit No. 6-13 are located in the Eastern ridge.
Deposit-5 is located in the southernmost part of the western ridge. Deposit-5
possesses one of the worlds best grades of hard lump ore having +68% iron
content, low silica, low alumina and low phosphorous typically free from
sulphur and otherdeleterious material. Sometimes the iron content of the ore is
found to be as high as 69.5%.

NMDC, Bacheli Complex

Bailadila Iron Ore Mine (BIOM),
Bacheli Complex, Pit No. 5

Chapter 2:
BIOM, Bacheli Complex, PitNo.5: At a Glance
Commissioned
Mining lease area

January, 1977

:540.05 Hect. (upto Sept. 2015)

Type of Ore

Maximum grade
Average grade

Hematite
+69% Fe

+66% Fe

Reserve and Resources

375.55 MT as on 01.04.2015

Recent Exploratory Drilling

4104 m (from 2012)

Product

Lump (-150 mm +10 mm)

Callibrated Lump Ore(-40mm +10mm)

Fines (-10 mm)
Annual Target

8.2 MT of ROM and

Port of Export

Vishakhapatnam

Rail link to Vizag

471 km

Nearest Airport

Raipur

1.5 MT of WASTE

Present Highest Bench RL

1188 m

Present lowest Bench RL

1020 m

Average Rainfall

315 cm

Certification

ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004,

ISO 18001:2007
No. of Employees

1777 as on 01.12.2013

Conveyor SystemTunnel length

Conveyor length

2.14 km
:

4.82 km

Chapter 3:

LOCATION & GEOLOGY

LOCATION
The major mines

of NMDC are located in the Bailadila Iron Ore

Compplex in the South Bastar District of Dantewada, C.G. Based on the

detailed mapping, vertical section measurements, petrographic and geochemical
analysis, the Bailadila group has been classified into three subgroups viz.,
Bhansi metapelites, Bacheli metasilicickastic, East Ridge shale/slates, Loa
conglomerates and shale and Kailash Nagar Iron formation in the ascending
order. The deposit of this area is lump ore and consists of Type-1 and Type-2 ore
which are steel grey hematite and blue grey hematite respectively. Iron ore of
this area is distributed in the form of lenticular deposits in the Eastern and
Western ridges of the Bailadila Iron Ore Series.

GEOLOGY
Deposit-5 is the Southern most deposit in the Western ridge of the
Bailadila Iron Ore Range. The deposit has a strike length of 3500 m and has the
width varying between 100 m to 400 m. The western side of the mine is marked
by a cliff, which goes almost vertically down for about 300 m. The ore body
strikes N37E and has a deep varying within the range of 45-60 towards east.
The south block has a strike length of 1 km, the central and north-west blocks 1
km and the north block occupying the rest of the area.

Bulk Density

S.No.

Ore Type

Fe%

1.

Steel Grey Hematite

69

4.5

2.

Blue Grey Hematite

68

4.2

3.

Laminated Hematite

66

3.5

4.

Lateritic/Limonitic Ore

60

3.2

5.

Flaky Ore/Blue dust

66

3.0

(T/M3)

Petrographic studies of each ore type have been carried out the ore types
encountered in the area have following grade and bulk density.

In Addition to above the waste encountered has following grade and bulk
density.

Bulk Density

S.no.

Ore Type

Fe%

1.

Shale

35

2.6

2.

Banded Hematite
Quartzite (BHQ)

40

3.2

( T/M3 )

Chapter 4:

MINE SURVEY
In NMDC (Bacheli Complex), two major survey equipment
used to survey the mine field:1. TOTAL STATION
2. DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System)

1. TOTAL STATION

A total station or TST (total station theodolite) is an electronic/optical

instrument used in modern surveying and building construction. The total station
is an electronic theodolite (transit) integrated with an electronic distance meter
(EDM) to read slope distances from the instrument to a particular point.
Angle Measurement:
Most modern total station instruments measure angles by means of electrooptical scanning of extremely precise digital bar-codes etched on rotating glass
cylinders or discs within the instrument. The best quality total stations are
capable of measuring angles to 0.5 arc-second. Inexpensive "construction grade"
total stations can generally measure angles to 5 or 10 arc-seconds.
Distance Measurement:
Measurement of distance is accomplished with a modulated infrared
carrier signal, generated by a small solid-state emitter within the instrument's
optical path, and reflected by a prism reflector or the object under survey. The
modulation pattern in the returning signal is read and interpreted by the
computer in the total station. The distance is determined by emitting and
receiving multiple frequencies, and determining the integer number of
wavelengths to the target for each frequency. Most total stations use purposebuilt glass corner cube prism reflectors for the EDM signal. A typical total

station can measure distances with an accuracy of about 1.5 millimeters

(0.0049 ft) + 2 parts per million over a distance of up to 1,500 meters
(4,900 ft)Reflectorless total stations can measure distances to any object that is
reasonably light in color, up to a few hundred meters.
Coordinate Measurement:
The coordinates of an unknown point relative to a known coordinate can
be determined using the total station as long as a direct line of sight can be
established between the two points. Angles and distances are measured from the
total station to points under survey, and the coordinates (X, Y, and Z or easting,
northing and elevation) of surveyed points relative to the total station position
are calculated using trigonometry and triangulation.
Data Processing:
Some models include internal electronic data storage to record distance,
horizontal angle, and vertical angle measured, while other models are equipped
to write these measurements to an external data collector, such as a hand-held
computer.When data is downloaded from a total station onto a computer,
application software can be used to compute results and generate a map of the
surveyed area. The newest generation of total stations can also show the map on
the touch-screen of the instrument immediately after measuring the points.
Applications:
Total stations are mainly used by land surveyors and civil engineers, either
to record features as in topographic surveying or to set out features (such as
roads, houses or boundaries).
In Mining:
Total stations are the primary survey instrument used in mining surveying.
A total station is used to record the absolute location of the tunnel walls (stopes),
ceilings (backs), and floors as the drifts of an underground mine are driven. The
recorded data are then downloaded into a CAD program, and compared to the
designed layout of the tunnel.
The survey party installs control stations at regular intervals. These are small
steel plugs installed in pairs in holes drilled into walls or the back.

For wall stations, two plugs are installed in opposite walls, forming a line
perpendicular to the drift. For back stations, two plugs are installed in the back,
forming a line parallel to the drift.
A set of plugs can be used to locate the total station set up in a drift or tunnel by
processing measurements to the plugs by intersection and resection.
Mechanical and Electrical Construction:
Total stations are the primary survey instrument used in mining surveying.
A total station is used to record the absolute location of the tunnel walls (stopes),
ceilings (backs), and floors as the drifts of an underground mine are driven. The
recorded data are then downloaded into a CAD program, and compared to the
designed layout of the tunnel.
The survey party installs control stations at regular intervals. These are small
steel plugs installed in pairs in holes drilled into walls or the back. For wall
stations, two plugs are installed in opposite walls, forming a line perpendicular
to the drift. For back stations, two plugs are installed in the back, forming a line
parallel to the drift.
A set of plugs can be used to locate the total station set up in a drift or tunnel by
processing measurements to the plugs by intersection and resection.

2. DGPS

Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is an enhancement to Global

Positioning System that provides improved location accuracy, from the 15-meter
nominal GPS accuracy to about 10 cm in case of the best implementations.
DGPS uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations to
broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the GPS (satellite)
systems and the known fixed positions. These stations broadcast the difference
between the measured satellite pseudo ranges and actual (internally computed)
pseudo ranges, and receiver stations may correct their pseudo ranges by the
same amount. The digital correction signal is typically broadcast locally over
ground-based transmitters of shorter range.
Operation:
A reference station calculates differential corrections for its own location
and time. Users may be up to 200 nautical miles (370 km) from the station,
however, and some of the compensated errors vary with space: specifically,
satellite ephemeris errors and those introduced by ionospheric and tropospheric
distortions. For this reason, the accuracy of DGPS decreases with distance from
the reference station. The problem can be aggravated if the user and the station
lack "inter visibility"when they are unable to see the same satellites.

Variations:
1. European DGPS Network
2. United States NDGPS
3. Canadian DGPS
4. Australia
Post-processing:
Post-processing is used in Differential GPS to obtain precise positions of
unknown points by relating them to known points such as survey markers.
The GPS measurements are usually stored in computer memory in the
GPS receivers, and are subsequently transferred to a computer running the GPS
post-processing software. The software computes baselines using simultaneous
measurement data from two or more GPS receivers.
The baselines represent a three-dimensional line drawn between the two
points occupied by each pair of GPS antennas. The post-processed
measurements allow more precise positioning, because most GPS errors affect
each receiver nearly equally, and therefore can be cancelled out in the
calculations.
Differential GPS measurements can also be computed in real-time by some
GPS receivers if they receive a correction signal using a separate radio receiver,
for example in Real Time Kinematic (RTK) surveying or navigation.
The

improvement

of

GPS

positioning

doesn't

require

simultaneous

measurements of two or more receivers in any case, but can also be done by
special use of a single device. In the 1990s when even handheld receivers were

quite expensive, some methods of quasi-differential GPS were developed,

using the receiver by quick turns of positions or loops of 3-10 survey points.
Devices include in DGPS:
1. Base
2. Rover
3. Controller
Base: In India, there is IGS (International Geodatis Station) situated in
Bangalore which works 24 hrs. and collect data from satellites. Base works with
reference to IGS data. Base levelled and locate at fixed point in mine field
station and leave it for 10-12 hrs. During this period, it receives and records the
data which comes from IGS and also it collects data from satellites. The reason
for this type of connection in Base is to correct the received data which comes
from satellite.
Rover: Rover is the type of Antenna which connects with satellite and Base. It
is connected with Base by Radio waves. Rover receives raw data from satellite
and send it to Base where it is corrected by the recorded data from IGS. After
correction has been done, Base send back this data to Rover.
Controller: Controller is the digital device which has display unit. Controller
displays the data which comes from Rover. It calculate the received data and
gives the exact location of point marked on the field.
In India, DGPS works with GNSS (Global Navigation System Satellite).
America has 26 GPS satellite and Russia has 20 GNSS satellite.

DGPS Survey in Mine Field

BASE
CONTROLLER

Chapter 5:

MINING MACHINARY DEPLOYED

S.No.

Equipment

Make/Model

Capacity

Total
fleet
7

SHOVELS

BEML/TATA HITACHI

4.6, 8 &
8.8
cu.m.

DUMPERS

BEML/CATERPILLAR

85 &
100 Te

13

WATER
SPRINKLERS

BEML

28 & 30
KL

DOZERS

BEML/CATERPILLAR

FRONT END
LOADER

CATERPILLAR

MOTOR
GRADERS

BEML

BLAST
HOLE
DRILLS

INGERSOLLRAND/ATLAS
250 mm
COPCO

CRAWLER
DRILLS

INGERSOLLRAND/ATLAS
102 mm
COPCO/SANDVICK

Chapter 6:
DRILLING

7
8 cu.m.

There are two forms of rock breakage viz., rock penetration and rock
fragmentation. The former includes drilling, cutting, boring etc., while the latter
includes blasting etc. The term rock penetration is preferred for all methods of
forming a directional hole in the rock. There are many types of rock penetration
depending on the form of energy application, viz. mechanical, thermal, fluid,
sonic, chemical etc. The mechanical energy, of course, encompasses the
majority (about 98%) of rock penetration applications today. The application of
mechanical energy to rock can be performed basically in only one of the two
ways: by percussive or rotary action. Combining the two results in hybrid
methods termed roller-bit rotary and rotary-percussion drilling.
In surface mining, roller bit rotaries and large percussion drills are the
machines in widest current use, with rotary drills being heavily favoured.
Drilling is performed in order to blast the overburden, ore deposit, coal seams
etc., so that the power requirement for excavators to extract the materials
becomes less. This also reduces the wear and tear of the excavators, increases
their life, reduces clearing time of materials, and decreases operation cost.
Drilling holes are usually made in a zig-zag pattern .The spacing between the
rows and column is of equal length.
Classification of Drilling Systems:
Drilling machines used in surface mining projects, construction work, etc., can
be classified in the following ways :
i)
ii)
iii)

Percussive Drilling
Rotary Drilling
Rotary-percussive Drilling

In the IDM 30 D this is diesel operated machine. It has 900 liter diesel tank
capacity and drill bit are 6 & 6.5 inch. By the air pressure cutting material is
come out.

General Description of IDM 30 E :IDM 30E is a crawler mounted rotary drill, basically a hydraulic drill.
Air is used only for flushing, in the case of rotary drill. In the case of DTH
drilling, air is used for hammer also.
All other operation are powered through hydraulic system. This enables more air
to be available for effective drilling.
SUB SYSTEM :1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Power Pack
Hudraulic System
Pneumatic System
Propulsion
Feed
Rotary head system

The basic unit comprises of an undercarriage section, which carries the main
frame.
A hydraulic motor and planetary gearbox drives the track.
The power pack and all the auxiliaries, like oil cooler, jacks, cabin, dust
collector etc. are mounted on the main frame.
The tower is pivoted on two pillar of the main frame along with a hydraulic
cylinder when drilling the machine is supported on 4 jacks.
The rotary head & feed system are mounted on the tower.
The hydraulic jacks are provided with lock check valves to prevent jacks from
creeping when on load.

Chapter 7:

BLASTING

Blasting is the process in which the blast holes exploded by the use of
explosives and detonator.
Process of Blasting :1.
2.
3.
4.

PRIMING PROCESS
CHARGING PROCESS
STEMMING PROCESS
FIRING PROCESS

Blasting Pattern Followed in Opencast MinesThere are mainly two types of blasting pattern followed in opencast mines a) Single Row blasting pattern
b) Multi-row blasting pattern

1. PRIMING PROCESS :In Priming Process, we connect the cast booster with detonating
Accessories
fuse and shock
tube and: then dip into the blast hole

1. Cast Booster
2. Shock Tube
3. Detonating Fuse
Cast BoosterCast Booster deliver the driving force required for generating maximum
initiating energy and blasting efficiency.
Chemical Content : PETN+TNT
Weight : 100 & 250 gm.
Diameter : 50mm
Shock TubeInstead of electric wires, a hollow plastic shock tube delivers the firing impulse
to the detonator, making it immune to most of the hazards associated with stray
electrical current. NONEL shock tube is a small diameter, three-layer plastic
tube coated on the innermost wall with a reactive explosive compound, which,
when initiated, propagates a low energy signal, similar to a dust explosion, at
approximately 6,500 ft/sec (2,000 m/sec) along the length of the tubing with
minimal disturbance outside of the tube.
Chemical Content : PETN (10 mg/m)
Reel length : 15 m

Detonating FuseFor shallow depth (<3m), and for small number of holes, a detonator is inserted
in the cartridge itself and detonated and detonated by ignition of safety fuse or
incase of electric detonator, by an exploder. It contains core of PETN enclosed

in a tap wrapped with cloth. It looks like a plastic cord. Its diameter is 5 mm
external and weight about 20 g/m length.
It has a VOD of 6500 m/s. A large number of shots connected with detonating
fuse can be blasted by a single detonator.
Chemical Content : PETN (10 gm./m)
Reel Length : 375 m

2. CHARGING PROCESS :In Charging process, we put SME (Site Mix Emulsion) in the Blast Hole.
Chemical Composition : Ammonium Nitrate + little amount of fuel+ water
+ Gasing agent (Sodium Nitrite,0.2%)
Total SME in the container of BMD-Pump Truck : 3745 kg
Explosive Estimation1. Volume of Bore Hole= Spacing x Burden x Bore Hole depth
2. After volume find out, then it is multiplied by final cup density of SME called
Charging Factor
Example :
Spacing(s)= 6m, Burden(b)= 5m, Bore Hole depth(h)= 12m

Volume of Bore Hole = s x b x h

= 6 x 5 x 12
= 360 m3
Charging Factor = Vol. of Bore Hole x final cup density of SME= 360 x 1.1
= 396 kg/m3
Gasing in SME1. Due to present of gasing agent in SME, in bore hole after explosive filled,
it undergoes to gasing process.
2. The time taking approx. 25-30 min. for gasing.
Cup density of SMEFill the cup with the amount of SME and weight
The initial weight of SME = 1.32 kg
Now, leave this for 30 min.
After gasing, its final weight is 1.15 kg

3. STEMMING PROCESS :-

In stemming process, fill the upper left portion of bore hole by overburden and
drop the left detonating fuse wire in the bore hole.

4. FIRING PROCESS :In the Firing process, we make Trunk Line connection in Drill Block.
This is the connection in which blast holes connected to each other by shock
tube and clamped. After this, we make one blast hole as a firing point where
safety fuse wire attached to the Ordinary Detonator with the crimp.
Chemical content of OD PETL + ASA
Rate of burning of Safety fuse wire = 120 sec./m

Chapter 9:
EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENTS USED IN NMDC MINES
SHOVELS :

It is used to excavate the materials and loading it to the Dumpers.

Its bucket capacity is 24 Te.
Power- 600 750 KW

DUMPERS :

It is used to shift material from quarry to crushing plant.

Its capacity is 50 tons.
Material is loaded in it by shovel.

WATER SPRINKLERS :

It is used to sprinkle water on haul roads of mines.

Water sprinkling is necessary to suppress the dust particle and keeping the
environment of mines dust free.

DOZERS :

It is used to shift material like boulders and loose iron ore from one
place to other.
It pushes the material by its blade mounted on front side when it
crawls.

FRONT END LOADER :

It is used to fill final product of crushing plant in the wagons.

The bucket mounted in its front side.

MOTOR GRADERS :

It used to maintain haul roads in good condition.

Its main function is done by its blade which is in middle of the equipment.
Blade can be adjusted by lifting, tilting, and swirling.

Chapter- 10

MAINTENANCE CARRIED OUT AT SERVICE CENTER,

NMDC
Following is the process of maintenance :
1.
2.
3.
4.

Equipment is thoroughly washed in washing day.

Equipment is shifted inside maintenance bay.
Equipment is thoroughly inspected and all the defects are listed.
A defect list mentioned in the service book by operator of equipment is

also checked for his complains.

5. Work is planned and deadlines are made.
6. Spare parts are arranged in advance for uninterrupted flow of maintenance
work.
7. Work is started and progress in monitored on shift basis.
8. Whatever work is carried out in a shift is mentioned in a shift log book
which is reference for the next shift people.