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LEVELED READER S
GEMS
Treasures from
the Earth
Y
S V
Written by Molly Chen
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GEMS
Treasures from
the Earth
Photo Credits:
Front cover, back cover, title page, pages 4 (top right), 5 (center, bottom), 8, 11
(bottom left), 20 (top), 21, 22, 22 (inset): Learningpage, Inc.; page 4 (left):
ClipArt.com; page 5 (top): Donald Meyer/Gem & Mineral Collection, Los
Angeles County Museum of Natural History; page 9 (bottom): Colin Keates/
Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images; pages 10, 20 (bottom), 23: ArtToday; pages
11 (top right), 14, 18 (right, center, left): Anthony R. Kampf/Gem & Mineral
Collection, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History; page 16: Steve
Cole/Photodisc/Getty Images; page 17 (top): Smithsonian Institution/Corbis;
page 19 (bottom): Siede Preis/Photodisc/Getty Images; pages 4 (bottom
right), 11 (bottom right), 17 (bottom), 19 (top): Photos.com; page 15: Joseph
Kriehuber/Public Domain
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Correlation
LEVEL S
Fountas & Pinnell
Reading Recovery
DRA
O
34
34
Introduction
Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
CUBIC
TETRAGONAL
HEXAGONAL
TRIGONAL
MONOCLINIC
OF
RS S
E
Y
LA RTH T
EA RUS
C
VOLCANO
T
MAGMA
ry
i
Th
PR
ES
FR SUR
GR OM E
AV
ITY
TLE
MAN
HE
AT
HE
AT
DIAMONDS
Do You Know?
10
STEP
11
BRILLIANT
CARVING
ROSE
CABOCHON
Cutting styles (top and side views) show gems best features.
Do You Know?
13
14
Africa
North America
South America
Europe
Asia
Australia
South Pacific
Turquoise
Sapphire
Ruby
Quartz
Pearl
Opal
Jade
Emerald
Diamond
Friedrich Mohs
The Mohs scale
measures the
hardness of
various gems. For
comparison, a
fingernail has a
hardness of 2.5,
and a penknife
measures 5.5.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
Talc
Gypsum
Calcite
Fluorite
Apatite
Orthoclase
Quartz
Topaz
Emerald
Diamond
6
4 5
3
2
1
9
Diamonds are
extremely
popular for
engagement
rings.
15
16
One of the
most famous
diamonds, the
Hope diamond,
is not the largest,
but it is an
unusual sky-blue
color. The largest
diamond ever
found is the
The Hope diamond is one of the
Cullinan
most famous diamonds in the
diamond, which
world.
was discovered in
South Africa. It weighed over 3,100 carats and
was as large as a pineapple.
Do You Know?
17
Do You Know?
Garnet
Amethyst
July
August
Ruby
Peridot
March
April
May
June
Aquamarine
Diamond
Emerald
Pearl
September
October
November
December
Sapphire
Opal
Topaz
Turquoise
18
19
20
Natural pearls (inset) are rare and oddly shaped; cultured pearls
from pearl farms are round.
22
Glossary
Conclusion
atoms (n.)
crystals (n.)
facets (n.)
at surfaces of a cut
gemstone (p. 11)
grain (n.)
opaque (adj.)
24