PDMIET

The PDM Group of Institutions (popularly known

as PDM) is a group of educational institutions established
by the Prabhu Dayal Memorial Religious & Educational
Association. They are located in the city of Bahadurgarh, in
the State of Haryana, India.
P.D.M Institute of Engineering & Technology, Karsindhu is
a self financing institute made its modest beginning in
2005. Since then it is rapidly gaining recognition &
popularity among the discerning academic circles. The
institute is fully devoted to the development of
professional engineers to face the challenges of the
rapidly changing industrial world. The institute is
recognized by State Board of Technical Education, Haryana &
All India council for Technical Education.

HYDRAULIC PRESS WORK ON

PASCALS LAW
An incompressible liquid can be used to transmit an increase in
pressure. Similarly, a small force, acting on a small surface area
and through a large distance, can produce a large force that acts
on a larger surface and through a smaller distanc
hydraulics : Hydrodynamics (Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11
and up))The principle of continuity in hydrodynamics is based on
the assumption that liquid flowing steadily through a contracting
pipe has a constant volume flow rate at any cross section. The
volume flow rate at each interval is equal to the velocity of the
liquid times the cross-sectional area. Since ...

INTRODUCTION OF HYDRAULIC
PRESS

Hydraulics is a topic in applied science and engineering dealing with the mechanical
properties of liquids or fluids. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid version
of pneumatics. Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics,
which focuses on the engineering uses of fluid properties. In fluid power, hydraulics are
used for the generation, control, and transmission of power by the use
ofpressurized liquids. Hydraulic topics range through some part of science and most of
engineering modules, and cover concepts such as pipe flow, dam design, fluidics and
fluid control circuitry, pumps,turbines, hydropower, computational fluid dynamics, flow
measurement,river channel behavior and erosion.
Free surface hydraulics is the branch of hydraulics dealing with free surface flow, such
as occurring in rivers, canals, lakes, estuaries andseas. Its sub-field open channel
flow studies the flow in open channels.
The word "hydraulics" originates from the Greek word (hydraulikos) which
in turn originates from (hydor, Greek forwater) and (aulos, meaning pipe).

MAIN COMPONENTS OF HYDRAULIC

PRESS

PISTON CYLINDER
DISTRIBUTOR
OIL TANK
HOSE PIPES
NOZZLE
FRAME
HYDRAULIC PUMP
ELECTRIC MOTOR
GEAR OIL
BELT AND PULLEY

PISTON CYLINDER

A double-acting cylinder is a cylinder in which the working fluid acts

alternately on both sides of the piston. In order to connect the piston in a
double-acting cylinder to an external mechanism, such as a crank shaft, a
hole must be provided in one end of the cylinder for the piston rod and this
is fitted with a gland or 'stuffing box' to prevent escape of the working fluid.
Double-acting cylinders are common in steam engines but unusual in
other engine types. Many hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders use them
where it is needed to produce a force in both directions.

DISTRIBUTOR

Hydraulic
engineering is
the application
of fluid
mechanics
principles to
problems dealing with the collection, storage, control, transport,
regulation, measurement, and use of water.[1] Before beginning a
hydraulic engineering project, one must figure out how much water is
involved. The hydraulic engineeris concerned with the transport of
sediment by the river, the interaction of the water with its alluvial
boundary, and the occurrence of scour and deposition.[1]"The
hydraulic engineer actually develops conceptual designs for the
various features which interact with water such as spillways and
outlet works for dams, culverts for highways, canals and related
structures for irrigation projects, and cooling-water facilities for
thermal power plants."

OIL TANK

A tank is a large type of armoured fighting vehicle with tracks, designed for frontline combat. Modern tanks are strong mobile land weapons platforms, mounting a largecalibre cannon in a rotating gun turret. They combine this with heavy vehicle
armour providing protection for the crew of the weapon and operational mobility, which
allows them to position on the battlefield in advantageous locations. These features enable
the tank to have enormous capability to perform well in a tacticalsituation: the combination of
strong weapons fire from their tank gunand their ability to resist enemy fire means the tank
can take hold of and control an area of the battle and prevent other enemy vehicles from
advancing, for example. In both offensive and defensive roles, they are powerful units able
to perform all primary tasks[which?] required of armoured troops on the battlefield.[1] The modern
tank was the result of a century of development from primitive armoured vehicles, due to
improvements in technology such as the internal combustion engine, which allowed the
rapid movement of heavy equipment required to construct armoured vehicles. As a result of
these advances, tanks underwent tremendous shifts in capability during the World Wars of
the 20th century.

HOSE PIPES

A hose is a flexible hollow tube designed to carry fluids from one location
to another. Hoses are also sometimes called pipes (the word pipe usually
refers to a rigid tube, whereas a hose is usually a flexible one), or more
generallytubing. The shape of a hose is usually cylindrical (having
a circular cross section).
Hose design is based on a combination of application and performance.
Common factors are Size, Pressure Rating, Weight, Length, Straight hose
or Coilhose and Chemical Compatibility.
Hoses are made from one or a combination of many different materials.
Applications mostly use nylon, polyurethane, polyethylene, PVC, or
synthetic or natural rubbers, based on the environment and pressure rating
needed. In recent years, hoses can also be manufactured from special
grades of polyethylene (LDPEand especially LLDPE). Other hose materials
include PTFE (Teflon), stainless steeland other metals.

NOZZLE

A propelling nozzle converts a gas turbine or gas generator into a jet engine. Energy
available in the gas turbine exhaust is converted into a high speed propelling jet by the
nozzle. Turbofan engines may have an additional and separate propelling nozzle which
produces a high speed propelling jet from the energy in the air that has passed through
the fan. In addition, the nozzle helps to determine how the gas generator and fan
operate as it acts as a downstream restrictor.[1]
Propelling nozzles accelerate the available gas to subsonic, transonic, or supersonic
velocities depending on the power setting of the engine, their internal shape and the
pressures at entry to, and exit from, the nozzle. The internal shape may be convergent
or convergent-divergent (C-D). C-D nozzles can accelerate the jet to supersonic
velocities within the divergent section, whereas a convergent nozzle cannot accelerate
the jet beyond sonic speed.[2]

FRAME

This concept was a guiding factor in Einstein's development of

the general theory of relativity. Einstein realized that the overall
distribution of matter would determine the metric tensor, which
tells you which frame is rotationally stationary. Frame
dragging and conservation of gravitational angular
momentum makes this into a true statement in the general theory
in certain solutions. But because the principle is so vague, many
distinct statements can be (and have been) made which would
qualify as a Mach principle, and some of these are false.
The Gdel rotating universe is a solution of the field equations
which is designed to disobey Mach's principle in the worst
possible way. In this example, the distant stars seem to be
revolving faster and faster as one moves further away. This
example doesn't completely settle the question, because it
has closed timelike curves.

HYDRAULIC PUMP

Hydraulic pumps are used in hydraulic drive systems and can be

hydrostatic or hydrodynamic. A hydraulic pump is a mechanical
source of power that converts mechanical power into hydraulic
energy (hydrostatic energy i.e. flow, pressure). It generates flow
with enough power to overcome pressure induced by the load at
the pump outlet. When a hydraulic pump operates, it creates a
vacuum at the pump inlet, which forces liquid from the reservoir
into the inlet line to the pump and by mechanical action delivers
this liquid to the pump outlet and forces it into the hydraulic
system.

ELECTRIC MOTOR

An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical

energy into mechanical energy. The reverse of this would be the
conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy and is
done by an electric generator.
In normal motoring mode, most electric motors operate through
the interaction between an electric motor's magnetic
field and winding currents to generate force within the motor. In
certain applications, such as in the transportation industry
withtraction motors, electric motors can operate in both motoring
and generating or braking modes to also produce electrical
energy from mechanical energy.

GEAR OIL

Gear oil is a lubricant made specifically for transmissions, transfer cases,

and differentials in automobiles, trucks, and other machinery. It is of a higher viscosity to

better protect the gears and usually is associated with a strong sulfur smell. The high
viscosity ensures transfer of lubricant throughout the gear train. This is necessary since
the devices needing this heavy oil do not have pumps for transferring the oil with only a
portion of the lowermost gears bathed in an oil sump. This heavy oil can create viscous
drag leading to inefficiencies in vehicle operation. Some modern
automatic transaxles (integrated transmission and differential) do not use a heavy oil at

all but lubricate with the lower viscosity hydraulic fluid, which is available at pressure
within the automatic transmission.

BELT AND PULLEY

Belt Pulley was a U.S.-based magazine dedicated to antique
farm tractors of all brands and makes. It published successfully for over 2
decades and was one of the best known titles in the category. It was a
family business run first by the Aumann family and then by the Elmore
family. In 2009 it was sold, and the new owner eventually changed the
name of the publication to Vintage Tractor Digest. This ended its
publication under the Belt Pulley title.
Belt Pulley magazine was founded in 1986 by Kurt Aumann of Nokomis,
Illinois. Aumann was only 16 years of age when he first started publishing
the magazine. As early as 1987, Jane Waterman of Palmer, Illinois, came
to work for the Belt Pulleymagazine in the position of Assistant Editor. In
1989, Kurt and Jane were married, and they continued to work together
editing and publishing the Belt Pulley. In 1998, Jane took over primary
responsibility for the editing of the magazine as Kurt sought to build
his auctioneering business called Aumann Auctions

ADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULC PRESS

A press brake, also known as a brake press, is a machine tool for bending sheet and plate
material, most commonly sheet metal.[1] It forms predetermined bends by clamping the
workpiece between a matching punch and die.[2]

A HACO hydraulic press brake

Bending process

Typically, two C-frames form the sides of the press brake, connected to a table at the
bottom and on a moveable beam at the top. The bottom tool is mounted on the table with
the top tool mounted on the upper beam

MAIN ADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULIC

PRESS ARE FOLLOWINGS

V-diesthe most common type of die. The bottom dies can be made with
different-sized die openings to handle a variety of materials and bend angles.

Rotary bending diesa cylindrical shape with an 88-degree V-notch cut along its
axis is seated in the "saddle" of the punch. The die is an anvil over which the rocker
bends the sheet.

90 degree dieslargely used for bottoming operations. The die opening

dimension depends on material thickness.

Acute angle (air-bending) diesused in air bending, these can actually be used
to produce acute, 90 degree, and obtuse angles by varying how deeply the punch
enters the die by adjusting the ram.

Gooseneck (return-flanging) diesThe punch is designed to allow for clearance

of already formed flanges

Offset diesa combination punch and die set that bends two angles in one
stroke to produce a Z shape.

Hemming diestwo-stage dies combining an acute angle die with a flattening

tool.

Seaming diesThere are a number of ways to build dies to produce seams in

sheets and tubes.

Radius diesA radiused bend can be produced by a rounded punch. The bottom
die may be a V-die or may include a spring pad or rubber pad to form the bottom of
the die.

Beading diesA bead or a "stopped rib" may be a feature that stiffens the
resulting part. The punch has a rounded head with flat shoulders on each side of the
bead. The bottom die is the inverse of the punch.

Curling diesThe die forms a curled or coiled edge on the sheet.

APPLICATION OF HYDRAULIC PRESS

Application

Hydraulic presses are commonly used for forging, clinching,

moulding, blanking, punching, deep drawing, and metal forming
operations

In popular culture
A hydraulic press is the cause of death for the Terminator in the film of
the same name, as well as Andre Delambre in The Fly. The room featured
in Fermat's Roomhas a design similar to that of a hydraulic press. Boris
Artzybasheff also created a drawing of a hydraulic press, in which the press
was created out of the shape of arobot.