MACHINE DESIGN

An Integrated Approach, 2ed

by Robert L. Norton,

3.0

2.6

1.30

P
d

D
1.20

2.2

1.15

1.05

Kt 2.0

1.10
1.8

1.02

1.6

1.01

1.07

1.05

1.4
1.2
1.0
0
FIGURE E-1

0.05

0.10

where :

1.50

2.4

r
Kt A
d

D / d = 2.0

2.8

Prentice-Hall 2000

0.15

0.20

0.25

r/d

Geometric Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for a Shaft with a Shoulder Fillet in Axial tension

0.30

D/d

2.00
1.50
1.30
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.07
1.05
1.02
1.01

1.014 70
0.999 57
0.996 82
0.962 72
0.980 84
0.984 50
0.984 98
1.004 80
1.012 20
0.984 13

0.300 35
0.282 21
0.257 51
0.255 27
0.224 85
0.208 18
0.195 48
0.170 76
0.124 74
0.104 74

MACHINE DESIGN

An Integrated Approach, 2ed

by Robert L. Norton,

3.0

r
Kt A
d

2.8

Prentice-Hall 2000

where :
2.6

D / d = 6.0

2.4

3.0
M
2.0
1.50
1.20

2.2
Kt 2.0

1.10
1.05

1.8

1.03
1.02

1.6

1.01

1.4
1.2
1.0
0
FIGURE E-2

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

r/d

Geometric Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for a Shaft with a Shoulder Fillet in Bending

0.30

D/d

6.00
3.00
2.00
1.50
1.20
1.10
1.07
1.05
1.03
1.02
1.01

0.878 68
0.893 34
0.908 79
0.938 36
0.970 98
0.951 20
0.975 27
0.981 37
0.980 61
0.960 48
0.919 38

0.332 43
0.308 60
0.285 98
0.257 59
0.217 96
0.237 57
0.209 58
0.196 53
0.183 81
0.177 11
0.170 32

MACHINE DESIGN

An Integrated Approach, 2ed

by Robert L. Norton,

Prentice-Hall 2000

3.0

r
Kt A
d

2.8
2.6

where :

2.4

D
2.2
D / d = 2.0

Kt 2.0

1.33

1.8
1.6

1.20

1.09

1.4
1.2
1.0
0
FIGURE E-3

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

r/d

Geometric Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for a Shaft with a Shoulder Fillet in Torsion

0.30

D/d

2.00
1.33
1.20
1.09

0.863 31
0.848 97
0.834 25
0.903 37

0.238 65
0.231 61
0.216 49
0.126 92

MACHINE DESIGN

An Integrated Approach, 2ed

by Robert L. Norton,

3.0
D / d = 1.07
2.8

1.05

2.6

1.03

2.4

1.02

r
Kt A
d

1.10

where :

1.20

P
d
1.30

1.01

1.50

2.0

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0
FIGURE E-4

1.15

2.2
Kt 2.0

Prentice-Hall 2000

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

r/d

Geometric Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for a Grooved Shaft in Axial Tension

0.25

0.30

D/d

2.00
1.50
1.30
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.07
1.05
1.03
1.02
1.01

0.993 72
0.993 83
0.998 08
1.004 90
1.010 70
1.026 30
1.027 20
1.023 80
1.027 20
1.036 70
1.037 90
1.000 30

0.393 52
0.382 31
0.369 55
0.355 45
0.337 65
0.316 73
0.294 84
0.276 18
0.252 56
0.216 03
0.187 55
0.156 09

MACHINE DESIGN

An Integrated Approach, 2ed

by Robert L. Norton,

3.0
r

2.8

D / d = 1.05
2.6

1.10

2.4
1.02

2.2

1.15
1.30

1.01

Kt 2.0

2.0

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0
FIGURE E-5

0.05

0.10

r
Kt A
d

0.15

0.20

r/d

Geometric Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for a Grooved Shaft in Bending

0.25

where :
D/d

1.07

1.03

Prentice-Hall 2000

M
2.00
1.50
1.30
1.20
1.15
1.12
1.10
1.07
1.05
1.03
1.02
0.30
1.01

0.948 01
0.936 19
0.938 94
0.942 99
0.946 81
0.953 11
0.955 73
0.954 54
0.967 74
0.987 55
0.990 33
0.977 53
0.993 93

0.333 02
0.330 66
0.323 80
0.315 04
0.305 82
0.297 39
0.288 86
0.282 68
0.264 52
0.241 34
0.215 17
0.197 93
0.152 38

MACHINE DESIGN

An Integrated Approach, 2ed

by Robert L. Norton,

Prentice-Hall 2000

3.0
D

2.8
D / d = 1.10

2.6

r
Kt A
d
T

where :

1.20

2.4

1.30

2.2

2.0
Kt 2.0

1.05

1.8
1.02
1.01

1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0

FIGURE E-6

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

r/d

Geometric Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for a Grooved Shaft in Torsion

0.25

0.30

D/d

2.00
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.05
1.02
1.01

0.881 26
0.890 35
0.894 60
0.901 82
0.923 11
0.938 53
0.968 77
0.972 45

0.252 04
0.240 75
0.232 67
0.223 34
0.197 40
0.169 41
0.126 05
0.101 62

MACHINE DESIGN

An Integrated Approach, 2ed

by Robert L. Norton,

Prentice-Hall 2000

3.0
2.9

2.8
D

2.7
2.6
2.5
Kt

1.50

d
2.0

2.4
2.3
2.2
on s

Kt 1.589 90

urfac

2.1

e of

2.0

shaf

d
0.635 50 log
D

t at h

ole

1.9
0
FIGURE E-7

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

d/D

Geometric Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for a Shaft with a Transverse Hole in Bending

0.30

MACHINE DESIGN

An Integrated Approach, 2ed

by Robert L. Norton,

4.0

Prentice-Hall 2000

Kt B 3.9702 9.292

3.9
T

3.8

d 2
d 3
+27.159 + 30.231
D
D

3.7
D

3.6

d 4
d 5
393.19 + 650.39
D
D

3.5
3.4
B

Kt 3.3

d
D

d 6
+15.451
D

3.2
below

3.1
A

3.0

shaft

surfa

ce in

2.9

on surfa

2.8

Kt A 3.921 50 24.435
hole

d 2
d 3
+234.06 1 200.5
D
D

ce of sha

2.7

ft at hole

2.6
0
FIGURE E-8

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

d/D

Geometric Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for a with a Transverse Hole in Torsion

d
D

0.30

d 4
d 5
+3 059.5 3042.4
D
D

MACHINE DESIGN

An Integrated Approach, 2ed

by Robert L. Norton,

3.0
D / d = 2.0

2.8
1.15

r
Kt A
d

1.50

2.6
2.4

1.20

1.07
2.2

1.05
Kt 2.0

3.0

1.8

1.02

1.6

1.01

1.4
1.2
1.0
0
FIGURE E-9

0.05

0.10

where :
P

1.30

1.10

Prentice-Hall 2000

0.15

0.20

0.25

r/d

Geometric Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for a Filleted Flat Bar in Axial tension

0.30

D/d

2.00
1.50
1.30
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.07
1.05
1.02
1.01

1.099 60
1.076 90
1.054 40
1.035 10
1.014 20
1.013 00
1.014 50
0.987 97
1.025 90
0.976 62

0.320 77
0.295 58
0.270 21
0.250 84
0.239 35
0.215 35
0.193 66
0.138 48
0.169 78
0.106 56

MACHINE DESIGN

An Integrated Approach, 2ed

by Robert L. Norton,

3.0

r
Kt A
d

D / d = 6.0

2.8

Prentice-Hall 2000

where :
3.0

2.6

D
2.4

2.0
1.30

2.2

1.20

Kt 2.0

1.10

1.8

1.07

1.6
1.4

1.01
1.02

1.2

1.03

1.05

1.0
0
FIGURE E-10

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

r/d

Geometric Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for a Filleted Flat Bar in Bending

0.25

0.30

D/d

6.00
3.00
2.00
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.07
1.05
1.03
1.02
1.01

0.895 79
0.907 20
0.932 32
0.958 80
0.995 90
1.016 50
1.019 90
1.022 60
1.016 60
0.995 28
0.966 89

0.358 47
0.333 33
0.303 04
0.272 69
0.238 29
0.215 48
0.203 33
0.191 56
0.178 02
0.170 13
0.154 17

MACHINE DESIGN

An Integrated Approach, 2ed

D / d = 2.0
3.0

by Robert L. Norton,

r
Kt A
d

1.50

2.8

1.10

Kt 2.2

1.07

1.15

1.05

2.0

1.20

2.4

1.03
1.8

1.02

1.6
1.01
1.4
1.2
0.02

0.05

FIGURE E-11

0.10

where :

1.30

2.6

Prentice-Hall 2000

0.15

0.20

0.25

r/d

Geometric Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for a Notched Flat Bar in Axial tension

0.30

D/d

3.00
2.00
1.50
1.30
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.07
1.05
1.03
1.02
1.01

1.109 50
1.113 90
1.133 90
1.132 60
1.158 60
1.147 50
1.095 20
1.085 10
1.091 20
1.090 60
1.051 80
1.054 00
1.042 60

0.417 12
0.409 23
0.385 86
0.365 92
0.332 60
0.315 07
0.325 17
0.299 97
0.268 57
0.241 63
0.222 16
0.188 79
0.141 45

MACHINE DESIGN

An Integrated Approach, 2ed

by Robert L. Norton,

r
Kt A
d

3.0
2.8
2.6

1.07

D / d = 1.10

1.05

1.15

1.03

2.2

1.02

1.30
M

Kt 2.0

r
1.50

1.01

1.8

2.0

1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0
FIGURE E-12

0.05

0.10

where :

1.20

2.4

Prentice-Hall 2000

0.15

0.20

r/d

Geometric Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for a Notched Flat Bar in Bending

0.25

D/d

3.00
M
2.00
1.50
1.30

1.20
1.15
1.10
1.07
1.05
1.03
0.30 1.02
1.01

0.970 79
0.971 94
0.968 01
0.983 15
0.982 88
0.990 55
0.993 04
1.007 10
1.014 70
1.025 00
1.029 40
1.037 40
1.060 50

0.356 72
0.350 47
0.349 15
0.333 95
0.326 06
0.313 19
0.302 63
0.283 79
0.261 45
0.240 08
0.211 61
0.184 28
0.133 69

MACHINE DESIGN

An Integrated Approach, 2ed

by Robert L. Norton,

Prentice-Hall 2000

3.0
2.9

W
P

2.8

for
P

d
0.65 :
W

Kt 3.003 9 3.753

2.7
2.6

d 2
+7.973 5
W

2.5

d 3
9.265 9
W

2.4

d 4
+1.814 5
W

Kt

2.3

d
+2.968 4
W

2.2
2.1
0
FIGURE E-13

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

d/W

Geometric Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for a Flat Bar with Transverse Hole in Axial tension

d
W

MACHINE DESIGN

An Integrated Approach, 2ed

by Robert L. Norton,

3.0

Prentice-Hall 2000

d
d
0 and
0.65 :
h
W
d
Kt 2.994 7 3.483 3
W

for

2.8

2.6

2.4
2.2

d
0.25 : Kt Ae[ b( d
h
where :

0.25
Kt 2.0

for

0.50

1.8

1.0
1.5
2.0

1.6
1.4

d/h

1.2
1.0
0
FIGURE E-14

0.10

0.20

0.30

d 2
d 3
+5.826 8 4.198 6
W
W

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

d/W

Geometric Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for a Flat Bar with Transverse Hole in Bending

W)

d/h

0.25
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00

2.687 50
2.466 20
2.240 00
2.024 30
2.105 60
1.808 20

0.751 28
0.772 15
0.787 39
0.808 21
0.798 78
0.667 02