BAB 2

HASIL PERCOBAAN

1. Kalibrasi thermometer

m c

Digital 1.0204 x -1.836

Alkohol 1.0309 x 0
Raksa 1.0638 x -1.0638

2. Pengosongan tangki

Tangki 1
Penghampiran Grafik
h awal (cm) n1 k1 n1 k1
20 0.2014 19.9628 0.1505 22.6095
30 0.7765 4.3369 0.5984 8.6943
40 0.4160 12.7875 0.2467 21.6579
rata-rata 0.4890 12.1499 0.3745 15.6519

Tangki 2
Penghampiran Grafik
h awal (cm) n2 k2 n2 k2
20 -0.1171 53.0353 -0.0032 40.7909
30 0.1010 32.0840 0.2287 22.4089
40 0.4160 12.5480 0.2410 22.1438
rata-rata 0.1333 32.5558 0.1555 28.4479
 3. Pulse up dan step up

Step Up 20%

Penghampiran Grafik

p1 518.3103 p2 2239.201 p1 765.2445398 p2 2003.396

Kp1 0.901949 Kp2 4.3168 Kp1 1.331657308 Kp2 2.653537

Pulse Up 20%
Penghampiran Grafik
p1 509.3069 p2 2215.136 p1 749.0051899 p2 1983.932
Kp1 0.839453 Kp2 4.349314 Kp1 1.303398042 Kp2 2.699328

4. Non-termowell

Suhu Penghampiran Grafik

(oC) Alkohol Raksa Alkohol Raksa
s 30 48.30918 8.019246191 41.66667 24.62448
s 40 7.48503 5.073566717 20.4499 21.23142
s 50 38.02281 26.24671916 21.23142 30.4878

5. Termowell

Sabun 1/3 Sabun 1/2 Minyak 1/3 Minyak 1/2

w 41.6075 21.9769 0.0067 0.058

30 100.1585 38.9461 1.055 2.6468
Suhu (oC)

s 1.2097 3.11 0.3832 6.8029

w 0.467 3.6977 0.0196 1.7898
40 0.8447 3.9394 2.5255 3.2991
s 1.5995 0.1796 6.2303 6.2346
w 81.5676 77.8544 1.7934 7.6439
50 154.2188 19.1075 2.0513 6.9826
s 0.0091 0.0093 1.9213 0.0321
 Lampiran A

DATA LITERATUR
 Lampiran C

GRAFIK

1. Pengosongan tangki

Pengosongan Tangki 1, h=20 cm

25

20

15
h (cm)

10

05
y = 2E-05x2 - 0.0622x + 19.901
R = 0.9996
00
0 50 100 150 200 250
t (s)

Pengosongan Tangki 1,h=20 cm

(Penghampiran)
-1.5
-1.7 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1

-1.9
y = 0.2014x - 3.3599
-2.1
R = 0.1777
ln(-dh/dt)

-2.3
-2.5
-2.7
-2.9
-3.1
-3.3
ln h
 Pengosongan Tangki 1,h=20 cm
(Grafik)
-2.75
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
-2.8 y = 0.1505x - 3.2354
R = 0.9893
ln(-dh/dt)

-2.85

-2.9

-2.95
ln h

Pengosongan Tangki 2,h=20 cm

(Penghampiran)
-1.5
1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1
-2 y = -0.1171x - 2.3639
R = 0.0354
ln(-dh/dt)

-2.5

-3

-3.5
ln h
 Pengosongan Tangki 2, h=20 cm
25

20 y = 9E-06x2 - 0.072x + 19.911

R = 0.9987

15
h (cm)

10

05

00
0 50 100 150 200
t (s)

Pengosongan Tangki 2,h=20 cm

(Grafik)
-2.632
1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1
-2.633
ln(-dh/dt)

-2.634

-2.635 y = -0.0032x - 2.6264

R = 0.9793
-2.636

-2.637
ln h
 Pengosongan Tangki 1, h=30 cm
35

30

25 y = 0.0001x2 - 0.1127x + 30.425

R = 0.9987
20
h (cm)

15

10

05

00
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
t (s)

Pengosongan Tangki 1,h= 30 cm

(Grafik)
-1.5
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
-2
y = 0.5984x - 4.1911
ln(-dh/dt)

R = 0.9902
-2.5

-3

-3.5
ln h
 Pengosongan Tangki 1,h=30 cm
(Penghampiran)
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
-1 y = 0.7765x - 4.8866
R = 0.5573
ln(-dh/dt)

-2

-3

-4

-5
ln h

Pengosongan Tangki 2, h=30 cm

35

30

25

20
h (cm)

15

10
y = 4E-05x2 - 0.088x + 29.963
05
R = 0.9998
00
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
t (s)
 Pengosongan Tangki 2,h=30 cm
(Penghampiran)
-000,002
-000,002 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
-000,002
y = 0.101x - 2.8665
ln(-dh/dt)

-000,002
R = 0.0566
-000,002
-000,003
-000,003
-000,003
-000,003
ln h

Pengosongan Tangki 2,h=30 cm

(Grafik)
-1.5
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
-1.7
-1.9
ln(-dh/dt)

-2.1
y = 0.2287x - 3.2254
-2.3 R = 0.9879
-2.5
-2.7
-2.9
ln h
 Pengosongan Tangki 1, h=40 cm
45
40
35
30
25
h (cm)

20
15
10
y = 4E-05x2 - 0.0958x + 39.836
05
R = 0.9997
00
0 100 200 300 400 500
t (s)

Pengosongan Tangki 1,h=40 cm

(Penghampiran)
-1.5
-1.7 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
y = 0.2987x - 3.4236
-1.9
R = 0.4781
ln(-dh/dt)

-2.1
-2.3
-2.5
-2.7
-2.9
-3.1
ln h

Pengosongan Tangki 1,h=40 cm

(Grafik)
-1.5
-1.7 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

-1.9
ln(-dh/dt)

-2.1 y = 0.2467x - 3.2784

-2.3 R = 0.9869

-2.5
-2.7
-2.9
ln h
 Pengosongan Tangki 1, h=40 cm
45
40
35
30
25
h (cm)

20
15
10
y = 4E-05x2 - 0.0958x + 39.836
05
R = 0.9997
00
0 100 200 300 400 500
t (s)

Pengosongan Tangki 1,h=40 cm

(Penghampiran)
-1.5
-1.7 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
y = 0.2987x - 3.4236
-1.9
R = 0.4781
ln(-dh/dt)

-2.1
-2.3
-2.5
-2.7
-2.9
-3.1
ln h

Pengosongan Tangki 1,h=40 cm

(Grafik)
-1.5
-1.7 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

-1.9
ln(-dh/dt)

-2.1 y = 0.2467x - 3.2784

-2.3 R = 0.9869

-2.5
-2.7
-2.9
ln h
 Pengosongan Tangki 2, h=40 cm
45
40
35
30
h (cm)

25
20
15
10
y = 4E-05x2 - 0.0977x + 39.923
05 R = 0.9998
00
0 100 200 300 400 500
t (s)

Pengosongan Tangki 2,h=40 cm

(Penghampiran)
-1.5
-2 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

-2.5
ln(-dh/dt)

-3
-3.5
y = 0.416x - 3.8053
-4 R = 0.3094
-4.5
-5
ln h

Pengosongan Tangki 2,h=40 cm

(Grafik)
-1.5
-1.7 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

-1.9
ln(-dh/dt)

-2.1 y = 0.241x - 3.2373

R = 0.9852
-2.3
-2.5
-2.7
-2.9
ln h
 Kurva Pengosongan Tangki 1
45
40
35
30
h1 (cm)

25
h=20 cm
20
h=30 cm
15
h=40 cm
10
05
00
0 100 200 300 400 500
t (s)

Kurva Pengosongan Tangki 2

45
40
35
30
h1 (cm)

25
h=20 cm
20
h=30 cm
15
10 h=40 cm

05
00
0 100 200 300 400 500
t (s)
2. Run step pulse

Kurva Pulse up 20%

35
30
25
h (cm)

20
15 h1
10 h2
5
0
0 100 200 300 400 500
t (s)

Kurva Step up
45

40

35
h (cm)

30
h1
25
h2
20

15
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
t (s)
 3. Sistem non-termowell

Sistem Non Thermowell (Alkohol)

40o C
45
40
35
30
25
T'(0C)

y = -0.0119x2 + 0.6453x + 32.182

20 R = 0.94
15
10
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
t (s)

Non Thermowell, Alkohol

(Penghampiran) 40o C
1.5
y = 0.1336x + 0.0145
R = 0.9451
1.0
dT'/dt

0.5

0.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0
-0.5
(Tw-Tt')
 Non Thermowell, Alkohol (Grafik) 40o
C
0.80
0.70 y = 0.0489x + 0.2404
0.60 R = 0.8665
0.50
dT'/dt

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00
(Tw-Tt')

Sistem Non Thermowell (Raksa)

40o C
45
44
43
42
41
T'(0C)

40 y = -0.0115x2 + 0.5091x + 38.598

39 R = 0.8633
38
37
36
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
t (s)
 Non Thermowell, Raksa (Grafik) 40o C
0.60

0.50

0.40
dT'/dt

0.30 y = 0.0471x + 0.3958

R = 0.8098
0.20

0.10

0.00
-4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00
(Tw-Tt')

Non Thermowell, Raksa

(Penghampiran) 40o C
1.5
y = 0.1971x + 0.6953
R = 0.9332 1.0
dT'/dt

0.5

0.0
-4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
-0.5
(Tw-Tt')

Sistem Non Thermowell (Alkohol)

50o C
60

50

40
T'(0C)

30 y = -0.0079x2 + 0.7776x + 29.259

R = 0.9808
20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
t (s)
 Non Thermowell, Alkohol (Grafik) 50o
C
1.00

0.80 y = 0.0328x + 0.0849

R = 0.9481
0.60
dT'/dt

0.40

0.20

0.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
(Tw-Tt')

Non Thermowell, Alkohol

(Penghampiran) 50o C
1.5 y = 0.0263x + 0.1218
R = 0.1406
1.0

0.5
dT'/dt

0.0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
-0.5

-1.0
(Tw-Tt')
 Sistem Non Thermowell (Raksa)
50o C
60

50

40
T'(0C)

30 y = -0.009x2 + 0.8199x + 29.794

R = 0.9899
20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
t (s)

Non Thermowell, Raksa

(Penghampiran) 50o C
1.5

1.0 y = 0.0381x + 0.0367

R = 0.3707
dT'/dt

0.5

0.0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
-0.5
(Tw-Tt')

Non Thermowell, Raksa (Grafik) 50o C

1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
dT'/dt

y = 0.0268x + 0.1704
0.60 R = 0.2869

0.40
0.20
0.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
(Tw-Tt')
 Sistem Non Thermowell (Alkohol)
30o C
35
30
y = -0.0029x2 + 0.2844x + 25.215
25 R = 0.9885
20
T'(0C)

15
10
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
t (s)

Non Thermowell, Alkohol

(Penghampiran) 30o C
y = 0.0312x + 0.0732
0.6
R = 0.1456
0.4

0.2
dT'/dt

0.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0
-0.2

-0.4
(Tw-Tt')

Non Thermowell, Alkohol (Grafik) 30o

C
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
dT'/dt

0.04
y = 0,024x + 0,0499
0.03
R = 0,9524
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00
(Tw-Tt')
 Sistem Non Thermowell (Raksa) 30o
C
35
30
25
20
T'(0C)

15
y = -0.0048x2 + 0.3212x + 26.86
10
R = 0.9553
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
t (s)

Non Thermowell, Raksa

(Penghampiran) 30o C
1.0
y = 0,1247x + 0,1894
0.8 R = 0,855

0.6
dT'/dt

0.4
0.2
0.0
-2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
-0.2
(Tw-Tt')

Non Thermowell, Raksa (Grafik) 30o C

1.00

0.50

0.00
-2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
-0.50
dT'/dt

-1.00

-1.50 y = 0,04061x - 1,2161

R = 0,8727
-2.00

-2.50
(Tw-Tt')
4. Sistem termowell
 Matlab

File thermowell.m

function dTdt=thermowell(t,T,tw,gamma,ts)
Tw=T(1);
Tt=T(2);
dTdt=[1/tw*(51-Tw)-gamma/tw*(Tw-Tt)
1/ts*(Tw-Tt)];

File alkohol.m

function f=alkohol(p)
tw=p(1);
gamma=p(2);
ts=p(3);
Twdata=[29.896 29.896 30.927 30.927 31.958 31.958 32.989 34.020 35.051
36.082 36.082 37.112 38.143 39.174 40.205 41.236 42.267 42.267 43.298
43.298 44.329 45.360 46.391 47.421 47.421 47.421 47.421 47.421 47.421
47.421 47.421];
Ttdata=[30.850 31.914 31.914 32.978 32.978 34.042 34.042 34.042 35.105
35.105 36.169 36.169 37.233 38.297 39.361 40.424 40.424 41.488 41.488
42.552 43.616 44.680 45.743 46.807 47.871 47.871 48.935 48.935 48.935
48.935 48.935];
[t T]=ode45(@thermowell,0:3:90,[29.896 30.850],[],tw,gamma,ts);
Twmod=T(:,1);
Ttmod=T(:,2);
f=sum(((Twdata'-Twmod).^2)+((Ttdata'-Ttmod).^2));

File run1.m

clc
clear
[p e]=fminsearch(@alkohol,[100 100 1])
tw=p(1);
gamma=p(2);
ts=p(3);
Twdata=[29.896 29.896 30.927 30.927 31.958 31.958 32.989 34.020 35.051
36.082 36.082 37.112 38.143 39.174 40.205 41.236 42.267 42.267 43.298
43.298 44.329 45.360 46.391 47.421 47.421 47.421 47.421 47.421 47.421
47.421 47.421];
Ttdata=[30.850 31.914 31.914 32.978 32.978 34.042 34.042 34.042 35.105
35.105 36.169 36.169 37.233 38.297 39.361 40.424 40.424 41.488 41.488
42.552 43.616 44.680 45.743 46.807 47.871 47.871 48.935 48.935 48.935
48.935 48.935];
[t T]=ode45(@thermowell,0:3:90,[29.896 30.850],[],tw,gamma,ts);
Twmod=T(:,1);
Ttmod=T(:,2);
plot(t,Twdata,'or',t,Ttdata,'ob',t,Twmod,'-r',t,Ttmod,'-b');
xlabel('t(s)');
ylabel('T (C)');
legend('Twdata','Ttdata','Twmod','Ttmod');
title('Sistem Thermowell Fluida Sabun 50C hfluida 1/3')