Table 7.

3N : Maximum Bar Spacing for Crack Control

Steel Stress Max Bar Spacing No. of No. of
(N/mm2) w = 0.3 w = 0.4 beam beam/row
160 300 300 2 1
180 275 300 3 2
200 250 300 4 1
220 225 275 5 2
240 200 250 6 2
260 175 225
280 150 200
300 125 175
320 100 150
340 75 125
360 50 100

Ref. Section 3: MS EN 1992-1-1:2010)

(MPa)
fck 12 16 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
fck(cube) 15 20 25 30 37 45 50 55 60
fcm 20 24 28 33 38 43 48 53 58

fctm 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.1

Ecm (Gpa) 27.0 29.0 30.0 31.0 33.0 34.0 35.0 36.0 37.0

(MPa)
fck fck(cube) fcm fctm Ecm (Gpa)fctk,.05
12 15 20 1.6 27 1.1
16 20 24 1.9 29 1.3
20 25 28 2.2 30 1.5
25 30 33 2.6 31 1.8
30 37 38 2.9 33 2
35 45 43 3.2 34 2.2
40 50 48 3.5 35 2.5
45 55 53 3.8 36 2.7
50 60 58 4.1 37 2.9
55 67 63 4.2 38 3
60 75 68 4.4 39 3.1
70 85 78 4.6 41 3.2
80 95 88 4.8 42 3.4
90 105 98 5.0 44 3.5

BS EN 1992-3:2006, Table 7.105 - Classification of tightness

Tightness Class Requirements for leakage
0 Some degree of leakage acceptable, or leakage of liquids irrelevant
1 Leakage to be limited toa small amount. Some surface staining or damp patches acceptable
2 Leakage to be minimal. Appearance to be impaired by staining.
3 No leakage permitted

wk1 values
hD/b wk1
5 0.2 -0.025
10 0.175
15 0.15
20 0.125
25 0.1
30 0.075
35 0.05
 55 60 70 80 90
67 75 85 95 105
63 68 78 88 98 fcm = fck + 8
C ≤ C50/60 = fctm = 0.30*(fck^(2/3))
4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0
C > C50/60 = fctm = 2.12 ln(1+(fm/10))
38.0 39.0 41.0 42.0 44.0 Ecm = 22(fcm/10)^(0.3)

wk
0.30
ches acceptable 0.18
0.00
0.00
 WATER RETAINING STRUCTURE DESIGN (BASED ON MS EN 1992-1-1:2010)
JOB NO. : DATE:
PROJECT : DESIGNED BY :
WATER RETAINING STRUCTURE NO. : CHECKED BY:

DESIGN PARAMETER
Moment at wall, M = 30.78 kNm Moment at slab, M =
Shear at wall, V = 48.913 kN Shear at slab, V =
Depth of water, hD = 1200 mm Water tight class =
*at least 40 mm Concrete cover = 40 mm hwall = (wall thickness)
fck = 32 N/mm2 hslab = (slab thickness)
fyk = 500 N/mm2 fbar = 12 mm
EN 1992-1-1,Table 3.1 fctm = 3.0 N/mm2 dwall =
EN 1992-1-1,Table 3.1 Ecm = 33 N/mm2 dslab =
fctk,0.05 = 2.1 N/mm2 wk1,wall =
wk1,slab =

REF CALCULATIONS
WALL
Clause 6.1 FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT DESIGN

Ultimate Moment, MEd = 36.936 kNm

2
Clause 3.1.6 & 5.5 (4) Determine K’ where K’ = 0.5996 δ – 0.182 δ – 0.2107 , ≤ 0.168 (Recommended max value)
δ= 0.85 *0.7-1.0 K' = 0.167

Calculate K = = 0.053

K= 0.053 < K' = 0.167

z= = 0.95 d ≤ 0.95d
x= 0.125 d
Calculate tension force:
Table 2.1N: As,req =

Sec 9.6.2 (1) As,min = 0.002Ac

As,max = 0.04Ac

Provide at each face 10 H 200 c/c

to give an area of steel of 785 mm²/m > 604 mm2/m

Clause 6.2.2 VERTICAL SHEAR CHECK

Design Shear Force, VEd = 59 kN/m
 Determine design shear stress,
VRd = 0.12k(100r1fck)1/3bd = 91.30 kN/m
Vmin = 0.035k3/2fck1/2bd = 82.88 kN/m
k=1+ ≤ 2.0 = 2.00

r1 = ≤ 0.02 = 0.0053

vRd = 2
0.62 N/mm /m > vEd = 2
0.40 N/mm /m

Clause 7.3.4 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE

1 Direct tension in immature concrete

k= 1
Clause 7.3.2 (Exp 7.1) A s,min
= k c
kA f /f
c cd yk
, kc = 1.0 for pure tension = 564.44 mm2/m
Provide at each face 12 H 100 c/c
to give an area of steel of 2261.9 mm²/m > 603.9 mm2/m
Sr,max = Min{3t, 400} = 400 mm/m > 100 mm/m

2 Flexural tension in mature concrete

= 0.15 mm
< wk1
kt = 0.4 for long term load
(Exp 7.11) sr,max = 3.4c + 0.17f/rp > 5(c+f/2) = 245 mm
(Exp 7.5,7.10, Cl. 7.3.2 (3))rp = As/Min{2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3, h/2} = 0.0187
ss = M/((d-x/3)As) = 191.9 N/mm2
ae = Es/Ec = 6.00

3 Thermal and Early Age Shrinkage Cracking

EN 1992-3 Table L.1 Early temperature change, T1 = 10 °C Restraint factor = 0.5
Clause 3.1.3 (5) Coefficient of thermal expansion, aT,c
= 10 x10^-6 K -1

Tensile strength at early age, eimp = RT1aT,c = 50 microstrain

Ultimate tensile strength of concrete, eult = fctd/Ec = 42 microstrain
< eimp
Tranversely,
Provide at each face 12 H 250 c/c
to give an area of steel of 904.8 mm²/m > 603.9 mm2/m
sr,max = 3.4c + 0.34f/rp > 5(c+f/2) = 1038 mm
rp = As/Ac,eff = 0.0045
wk = sr,maxRT1aT,c = 0.05 mm
< wk1

EN 1992-3 Table L.1 Seasonal temperature change, T2 = 0 °C Restraint factor =

sr,max = 3.4c + 0.34f/rp > 5(c+f/2) = 1038 mm
rp = As/Ac,eff = 0.0045
 wk = sr,maxR(ecd + (T1+T2)aT,c) = 0.13 mm
drying shrinkage strain, ecd = 150 microstrain < wk1
Provide at each face 12 H 250 c/c
to give an area of steel of 904.8 mm²/m > 603.9 mm2/m

SLAB
Clause 6.1 FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT DESIGN

Ultimate Moment, MEd = 43 kNm *M include weight of water+slab+wall

Calculate K =

K= 0.019 < K' = 0.168 (based on 15% redistribution)

z= = 0.95 d ≤ 0.95d
x= 0.125 d
Calculate tension force:
Table 2.1N: As,req =

Clause 9.2.1.1 (1) As,min = 0.002Ac

Provide at each face 10 H 250 c/c

to give an area of steel of 628.3 mm²/m > 420 mm2/m
Sr,max = less than thickness = 300 mm/m > 250 mm/m

Clause 6.2.2 VERTICAL SHEAR CHECK

Design Shear Force, VEd = 54 kN/m
Determine design shear stress,
VRd = 0.12k(100r1fck)1/3bd = 88.69 kN/m
Vmin = 0.035k3/2fck1/2bd = 128.40 kN/m
k=1+ ≤ 2.0 = 1.90

r1 = ≤ 0.02 = 0.0012

vRd = 2
0.87 N/mm /m > vEd = 2
0.36 N/mm /m

Clause 7.3.4 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE

1 Thermal and Shrinkage Cracking

EN 1992-3 Table L.1 Early temperature change, T1 = 10 °C Restraint factor = 0.3
Clause 3.1.3 (5) Coefficient of thermal expansion, aT,c = 10 x10^-6 K-1
Tensile strength, e imp = RT1aT,c = 30 microstrain
Ultimate tensile strength of concrete, eult = fctd/Ec = 42 microstrain
 > eimp
Tranversely,
Provide at each face 12 H 125 c/c
to give an area of steel of 1809.6 mm²/m > 226.2 mm2/m
sr,max = 3.4c + 0.34f/rp > 5(c+f/2) = 1489 mm
rp = As/Ac,eff = 0.0030
wk = sr,maxRT1aT,c = 0.04 mm
< wk1

EN 1992-3 Table L.1 Seasonal temperature change, T2 = 0 °C Restraint factor =

sr,max = 3.4c + 0.34f/rp > 5(c+f/2) = 812 mm
rp = As/Ac,eff = 0.0060
wk = sr,maxR(ecd + (T1+T2)aT,c) = 0.06 mm
drying shrinkage strain, ecd = 150 microstrain < wk1
Provide at each face 12 H 125 c/c
to give an area of steel of 1809.6 mm²/m > 226.2 mm2/m

2 Flexural tension in mature concrete

= 0.12 mm
< wk1
kt = 0.4 for long term load
sr,max = 3.4c + 0.17f/rp > 5(c+f/2) = 338 mm
rp = As/Min{2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3, h/2} = 0.0101
ss = M/((d-x/3)As) = 200.0 N/mm2
ae = Es/Ec = 6.00

3 Direct tension in mature concrete

Direct force due to water pressure = 11.772 kN/m
Additional tensile stress, ss,add = 6.505 N/mm2
= 0.13 mm
< wk1
kt = 0.4 for long term load
sr,max = 3.4c + 0.17f/rp > 5(c+f/2) = 338 mm
rp = As/Min{2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3, h/2} = 0.0101
ss = M/((d-x/3)As) + ss,add = 206.5 N/mm2
ae = Es/Ec = 6.00
S EN 1992-1-1:2010)

kNm
kN
1 (EN 1992-3, Table 7.105)
1000 200 mm
1000 300 mm
fbar = 12 mm
148 mm
248 mm
10 0.18 mm
5 0.20 mm

OUTPUT

mended max value)

Compression reinf. is not required

OK !
z= 0.95 d
= 141 mm

604 mm2/m

400 mm2/m
8000 mm2/m

157.08
OK !
 OK !

226.19
OK !
OK !

OK !

note that As = reinf.area at one side

microstrain
microstrain
cracking will occur, check early
age crack
226.19
OK !

note that As = reinf.area at one side

OK !

0.5

note that As = reinf.area at one side

 OK !
226.19
OK !

water+slab+wall

Compression reinf. is not required

OK !
z= 0.95 d
= 236 mm

420 mm2/m

400 mm2/m

157.08
OK !
OK !

OK !

microstrain
microstrain
 no cracking occur, ignore early age
crack
226.19
OK !

note that As = reinf.area at one side

OK !

0.3

note that As = reinf.area at one side

OK !
226.19
OK !

OK !

note that As = reinf.area at one side

OK !

note that As = reinf.area at one side