DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB

Prob. 1: Design a simply supported roof slab for a room 8 m x 3.5 m clear in size if the superimposed load is
5 kN/m2. Use M25 and Fe415 grade steel.

𝐿 8
Solution: = = 2.29
𝐵 3.5

Since length of the slab is more than twice the width, it is a one-way slab. Load will be transferred to the
supports along the shorter span. Consider a 1meter wide strip of the slab parallel to its shorter span.

1m

Minimum depth of slab 3.5 m

𝐿
𝑑=
𝛼𝛽𝛾𝛿𝜆
8m
Now, Value of α, for span up to 10 m and for a simply supported slab
α = 20, β = 1
assume γ = 1, δ = 1, and λ = 1
3.5 ×1000
Therefore, 𝑑 = = 175 mm
20 ×1×1×1×1
Let us adopt overall depth ‘D’ = 190 mm
Dead load of slab = 0.19 x 1 x 25 = 4.75 kN/m
Superimposed load = 5 x 1 = 5.00 kN/m
Total load = 9.75 kN/m
Factored load, with load factor 1.5
= 1.5 x 9.75 = 14.63 kN/m
𝑤𝑢 𝑙 2
Maximum Bending Moment at center of shorter span =
8
Assuming steel reinforcement 10 mm dia with clear cover of 15 mm
Assuming support width = 250 mm
Effective depth d = 190 – 15 – 5 = 170 mm
Effective span of slab : lesser of the following
(i) Center to center distance between supports i.e., = 3.5 + 0.25 = 3.75 m
(ii) Clear span + effective depth = 3.5 + 0.17 = 3.67 m
So, effective span will be 3.67 m
3.672
Now, Maximum bending moment = 14.63 ×
8
= 24.63 kNm
Depth of slab is calculated by the expression
B.M. = 0.138 𝜎𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2
 𝐵𝑀 24.63 × 106
𝑑= √ = √ = 85 𝑚𝑚
0.138 𝜎𝑐𝑘 𝑏 0.138 × 25 × 1000

Adopt effective depth ‘d’ = 100 mm

Overall depth ‘D’ = effective depth + effective cover ( effective cover = clear cover + ½ dia of bar )
= 100 + 15 + 5
= 120 mm
Area of tension steel is given by
𝜎𝑦 𝐴𝑡
𝑀 = 0.87𝜎𝑦 𝐴𝑡 ( 𝑑 − )
𝜎𝑐𝑘 𝑏
415𝐴𝑡
24.63 × 106 = 0.87 × 415𝐴𝑡 (100 − )
25 × 1000
By solving this quadratic equation in 𝐴𝑡 , we get
𝐴𝑡 = 783.79 mm2 or 785 mm2
𝐴𝑡 785
Use 10 mm dia bars, No. of bars required = =𝜋 = 10
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 10 𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑟 ×(10)2
4

1 𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 1000 𝑚𝑚

Spacing of bar = = = 100 mm c/c
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 10

Spacing should be lesser of : (a) 100 mm (as per design calculations)

(a) 3d = 3x100 = 300 mm
(b) 300 mm
1000 𝜋
Provide 10 mm bars @ 100 mm c/c, giving total area = × 4 × (10)2 = 785.40 mm2 > 785 mm2 (OK)
100

Bend alternate bars at L/7 from the face of support where moment reduces to less than half of its max m.
value.
Temperature reinforcement 0.12% of the gross concrete area will be provided in the longitudinal direction.
= 0.0012 x 1000 x 120 = 144 mm2
1000 𝑚𝑚 1000
Use 8 mm bars, Spacing = = 144 = 333.33 mm say 300 mm
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 (50.27)

Spacing should be lesser of : (a) 300 mm (as per design calculations)

(b) 450 mm or
(c) 5d i.e., 5 x 100 = 500 mm
1000 𝜋
So, Provide 8 mm bars @ 300 mm c/c, giving area of steel = × ( 4 × 82 ) = 167.6 mm2 > 144 mm2 (OK)
300

Check for Shear : we know that at supports 50% of main reinforcement is available, so calculate
𝜋 1000
100 𝐴𝑡 100 ×(( ×102 )× )
4 200
% tension steel at support = = = 0.39%
𝑏𝑑 1000×100
Now, from table below, find out the shear strength of concrete for 0.39% steel
 Table showing Design shear strength of concrete (N/mm2)

Table Showing Maximum shear stress of concrete

For 0.25% Steel, M25 grade Concrete For 0.5% Steel, M25 grade Concrete
𝜏𝑐 = 0.36 N/mm2 𝜏𝑐 = 0.49 N/mm2
0.49−0.36
So, by interpolation, 𝜏𝑐 for 0.39% steel = 0.36 + × 0.14 = 0.43 N/mm2
0.25
For 120 mm thick solid slab, k = 1.30
𝜏𝑐, = 𝑘𝜏𝑐 = 1.3 x 0.43 = 0.56 N/mm2 Table: Value of k for solid slabs
D mm 300 or more 275 250 225 200 175 150 or less

k 1.00 1.05 1.05 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30

𝑉𝑢
Nominal shear stress 𝜏𝑣 =
𝑏𝑑
𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑐
Where 𝑉𝑢 is maxm Shear force, i.e, at support = = 14.63 x 3.5/2 = 25.60 kN [ 𝑙𝑐 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 ]
2
25.60 ×1000
Now, 𝜏𝑣 = = 0.26 N/mm2 < 𝜏𝑐, (OK)
1000 ×100

The slab is safe in shear

Check for development length
Moment of resistance offered by 10 mm bars @ 200 mm c/c
𝜎𝑦 𝐴𝑡
𝑀1 = 0.87 𝜎𝑦 𝐴𝑡 [𝑑 − ]
𝜎𝑐𝑘 𝑏
 1000 415×78.5×5
= 0.87 × 415 × 78.5 × [100 − ]
200 25×1000

= 13.25 × 106 𝑁𝑚𝑚

V = 25600 N
Let us assume anchorage length, L0 = 0 (where L0 is the sum of the anchorage beyond the centre of support
and equivalent value of any hook or mechanical anchorage at a simple support)
𝑀1
So, 𝐿𝑑 ≤ 1.3
𝑉
𝐿𝑑 is the development length and it value for M25 concrete and Fe415 steel in tension bars = 40∅
1.3 × 13.25 × 106
40∅ ≤
25600
∅ < 16.82 𝑚𝑚 (OK)
The code requires that steel reinforcing bars must be carried in to supports by atleast 𝐿𝑑 /3
= 40x10/3 = 133.33 mm or 135 mm (say)
Check for deflection
% of tension reinforcement at mid span
100 𝐴𝑡
𝑝𝑡 =
𝑏𝑑
1000
100 ×78.5× 100
= = 0.79%
1000×100
Refer to table showing the values of γ, for pt = 0.79% at a service stress of 240 Mpa in Fe415 grade steel
By interpolation, value of γ = 1.06
So, we know
𝐿
≤ 𝛼𝛽𝛾𝛿𝜆
𝑑
Here α = 20, for simply supported slab up to 10 m span
So β = 1, γ = 1.06 (as calculated above), δ = 1 (for no compression reinf.) and λ = 1
𝐿
So, allowable = 20 × 1 × 1.06 × 1 × 1 = 21.2
𝑑
𝐿 3670
Actual = = 36.7 > 21.2 (NG)
𝑑 100
The Slab fails in deflection. There is a need to increase the depth of slab. Let us increase the effective depth
of slab to 140 mm and overall depth to 160 mm.
Calculate Area of tension steel, when d = 140 mm
𝜎𝑦 𝐴𝑡
𝑀 = 0.87𝜎𝑦 𝐴𝑡 ( 𝑑 − )
𝜎𝑐𝑘 𝑏
415𝐴𝑡
24.63 × 106 = 0.87 × 415𝐴𝑡 (140 − )
25 × 1000
𝐴𝑡 = 518.97 mm2
Same as before, Calculate the spacing of 10 mm bars
Provide 10 mm bars @ 140 mm c/c, giving area of steel = 561 mm2 > 518.97 mm2 (OK)
Temperature reinforcement = 0.12% of gross concrete area
= 0.0012 x 1000 x 160 = 192 mm2
Provide 8 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c, giving total area = 201.08 mm2 >192 mm2 (OK)
Check for Shear
𝜋 1000
100 𝐴𝑡 100 ×(( ×102 )× )
4 280
% tension steel at support = = = 0.20%
𝑏𝑑 1000×140
For 0.15% Steel, M25 grade Concrete For 0.25% Steel, M25 grade Concrete
𝜏𝑐 = 0.29 N/mm2 𝜏𝑐 = 0.36 N/mm2
0.36−0.29
So, by interpolation, 𝜏𝑐 for 0.20% steel = 0.29 + × 0.05 = 0.33 N/mm2
0.10
For 160 mm thick solid slab, k = 1.28 (by interpolation)
𝜏𝑐, = 𝑘𝜏𝑐 = 1.28 x 0.33 = 0.42 N/mm2
25.60 ×1000
Now, 𝜏𝑣 = = 0.18 N/mm2 < 𝜏𝑐, (OK)
1000 ×140

The slab is safe in shear

Check for development length
Moment of resistance offered by 10 mm bars @ 280 mm c/c
𝜎𝑦 𝐴𝑡
𝑀1 = 0.87 𝜎𝑦 𝐴𝑡 [𝑑 − ]
𝜎𝑐𝑘 𝑏
1000 415×78.5×1000/280
= 0.87 × 415 × 78.5 × [140 − ]
280 25×1000

= 13.70 × 106 𝑁𝑚𝑚

V = 25600 N
Let us assume anchorage length, L0 = 0 (where L0 is the sum of the anchorage beyond the centre of support
and equivalent value of any hook or mechanical anchorage at a simple support)
𝑀1
So, 𝐿𝑑 ≤ 1.3
𝑉
𝐿𝑑 is the development length and it value for M25 concrete and Fe415 steel in tension bars = 40∅
1.3 × 13.70 × 106
40∅ ≤
25600
∅ < 17.40 𝑚𝑚 (OK)
The code requires that steel reinforcing bars must be carried in to supports by atleast 𝐿𝑑 /3
= 40x10/3 = 133.33 mm or 135 mm (say)
Check for deflection
% of tension reinforcement at mid span
100 𝐴𝑡
𝑝𝑡 =
𝑏𝑑
 1000
100 ×78.5× 140
= = 0.40%
1000×140
Refer to table showing the values of γ, for pt = 0.40% at a service stress of 240 Mpa in Fe415 grade steel
γ = 1.33
So, we know
𝐿
≤ 𝛼𝛽𝛾𝛿𝜆
𝑑
Here α = 20, for simply supported slab up to 10 m span
So, β = 1, γ = 1.33, δ = 1 (for no compression reinf.) and λ = 1
𝐿
So, allowable = 20 × 1 × 1.33 × 1 × 1 = 26.6
𝑑
𝐿 3670
Actual = = 26.2 < 26.6 (OK)
𝑑 140
The slab is safe in deflection.
The details of reinforcement are shown in Fig.

8 φ – 250 c/c

Fig. Reinforcement in One-Way Slab