Column footing design – with
RCC column design pdf
Every RCC structure cab be divided into two parts:
1. The portion above the ground, called superstructure.
2. The portion which is below the ground level called sub-
structure or foundation.
Why Column footing design is
necessary?
1. To safely transmit the loads and moments from the
superstructure to the soil, so that the pressure on the
soil does not exceed bearing capacity at any point.
2. To ensure safety with respect to permissible settlement,
tilting in one direction, overturning, uplift pressure,
etc.
Classification of foundations
Depending upon the type of structure, distribution of loads,
type and capacity of sub-soil, presence, and level of the
water table, etc, different types of foundations are provided.
Following are some common type of foundations:
1. Isolated footing
2. Square footing
3. Rectangular footing
4. Circular footing
5. Combined footing
6. Rectangular
7. Trapezoidal
8. Continuous or wall footing or strip footing
9. Strap footings
10. Raft or mat footing
11. Pile footing
12. Well foundation
Isolated footing
The footings which are provided under single columns are
called isolated footings. They are usually square or
rectangular and rarely circular.
Even for columns of hexagonal, octagonal, circular, or any
other shape, it is preferable to provide rectangular or square
foundations. Isolated footings are provided when loads are
small and the soil is not very poor, i.e. its load-bearing
capacity is very sufficient.
Steps of isolated Column footing
design
Given:
Load on column, safe bearing capacity of soil, grade of
concrete and steel.
Calculate the area of footing.
Load (P) = Service load + self weight of footing
(Note: If the depth of foundation is not given, the self-
weight of the foundation is taken equal to 10% of service
load. If the depth of the foundation is given. The self-weight
of footing is taken tentatively equal to the weight of
backfill soil.)
Calculate the size of footing
Calculate the soil pressure due to
factored column load only, as follows:
Alternatively, if the ratio of width to length of column and
footing is assumed to be similar (say a/b), then bending
moment is the same in both directions.
Where, wc = column
load
X = shorter dimension of footing
Y = Longer dimension of footing
Depth of footing is calculated by the
following three criteria and height value
so calculated is adopted in the design:
By one way shear criterion :
the critical section for one way shear is taken at a distance
d (effective depth) from the column’s face.
Column footing design
If percentage of reinforcement to be provided is not yet
known.
i.e. 0.2%. for M20, this value may be taken as 0.32N/mm2.
By two-way shear criterion:
The critical section for two-way shear or punching hear as it
is commonly called, is at a distance d/2 from the face of the
column.
Depth of footing can be calculated by equating the two
expressions, (3) and (4).
Determine the area of reinforcement
required by following equation;
The calculated reinforcement area should not be less than the
minimum reinforcement and distribute as per IS code provision.
Column footing design example
Q) Design a square footing of uniform thickness for an axially
loaded column of 450 mm x 450 mm size. The load on column is
850 KN. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
Solution:
Step-1 Load calculation
wc = 850 KN
Self weight of footing, wf = 10% of wc = 85 KN
Step-2 Area of footing
Step-3 Depth of footing by one-way shear
criterion
From clause 34.2.4.1(a) of IS code 456:200, critical section
for one way shear lies at a distance d from the face of column
as shown in figure below;
Shear force due to factored soil pressure
at critical section
Depth of footing by two way shear
Critical section of two way shear lies at a distance d/2 from
each face of column as shown in figure below:
Perimeter of critical section = 40(0.45 +d) = 1.80 + 4d
Step-4 Shear force at critical section
= 251.85 x (2.25 x 2.25 –
(0.45 + d)2)
= 1274.99 – 251.85
(0.2025 + d 2 + 0.9d) …. (3)
Shear force raised by the critical section
Maximum allowable shear stress
Step-5 Depth of footing by bending moment
criterion
Mulim = Ru x bd2
= 2.76 x 2250 x d2 =
6210d 2 …….(6)
Equating (5) and (6), we get
229.498 x 106 = 6210 d2
d = 192.24
mm
= 0.192
m …………..(C)
From equations (A) , (B) and (C), the highest value of d
obtained is 0.396 m.
Let us adopt d = 400 mm
Overall depth = 400 + 4 + 50
= 458 say 460 mm (taking
clear cover = 50 mm and 16 mm dia. Bars)
Step-6 Area of reinforcement – Footing
reinforcement details
From ANNEX ‘G’ of code IS 456:2000;
Step-7 Check for development length
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Numerical
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I hope this article remains helpful for you.
Happy Learning – Civil Concept
Contributed by,
Civil Engineer – Pradip Thakur
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