GREYWATER POLLUTION AND ITS TREATMENT IN MALAYSIA

Nowadays, there are many problem about environmental issue in Malaysia like water
pollution, air pollution, land pollution and more. In that regard, there are many studies done
to treat and rehabilitate environmental conditions. Among the study treatment was made on
the wastewater. Wastewater is divided into two types of greywater and blackwater. Greywater
is househole water from bath, hand basin, shower that does not include toilet discharge.
While for blackwater is from toilet. Wastewater from our kitchen sink also can be treated as a
blackwater because it can be highly contaminated with food particle, cooking oil and grease.
But for this article, it discuss about greywater pollution and its treatment in Malaysia.
Firstly, the treatment that can be used on greywater is using Granular Activated
Carbon (GAC) Biofilm Reactor and Sand Filter System. A system including a granular
actuated carbon (GAC) biofilm up-stream extended put (UEB) reactor and a moderate to bed
stream stuffed sand channel was created for treating mosque greywater. The fecal coliforms
(F.C), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate (NO3), and
ammonia as nitrogen (NH4-N) were investigated under continuous flow operation utilizing a
hydraulic retention time (HRT) going from 1 until 6 hour. The system was organized so that
the GAC reactor is the first phase of treatment and the sand filter is the second stage. Influent
and effluent example from the system were broke down week by week. The system exhibited
attractive evacuation of fecal coliforms with removal efficiencies of 63% to 80% and the
efficiencies of COD and TSS evacuation were 70% and 72% separately. The system indicated
low removal efficiencies of nitrate which was 0 to 13%. No ammonia removal was removal
was recorded in that scope of maintenance time while the system demonstrated more or less
50% removal proficiency by large for 12 hour of hydraulic retention time.
Secondly, the other treatment for greywater is performance of a pilot-scale biofilters
and constructed wetland with ornamental plants in greywater treatment. The pollution was
happen at Sarawak River that because from the partially treated greywater and blackwater
from households and septic tanks in Kuching City. A pilot scale natural sanitation was
actualized where blackwater was held in septic tanks and greywater was directed to an oil
trap, biofilters and a developed wetland before release. The destination of this study were to
assess the pro efficiency of the biofilters and the built wetland with two types of physical
elaborate plants in greywater treatment. For the joined system, result showed that the influent
dissolved oxygen (DO) of below 1 mg/L enhanced to 3.4 to4.6 mg/L. Removal of
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand 5 (COD) were the most
elevated ( 99% and 95%). Influent fecal coliform (FC) of 4.0 x 105 CFU/ 100mL dropped to
6.3 x 102 CFU/ 100mL at the effluent. More than 80% of ammonia-nitrogen (NH4-N) total
nitrogen (TN) and total suspended solids (TSS) were eliminated. Reactive phosphours (RP)
and total phosphorous (TP) removing were 64% and 61% separately. The biofilters
contributed the greater part of the total removing of BOD5, COD, FC and NH4-N. Then, the
wetland and biofillters were just as productive in TSS eliminate. The removal productivity of
the wetland in decrease order was NO3N > FC > TSS > BOD5 > TN > COD > NH4-N > RP
> TP and all removal exceeded 55% except for P (38% to 39%). Both types of plants
becomes on the wetland contained essentially higher weight and P content than control.
Tissue P substance of F.microcarpa was essentially higher than S.campanulatum could be
possibly actualized in urban lodging ranges to diminish waterway contamination.

In conclusion, for the treatment used on greywater is using Granular Activated Carbon
(GAC) Biofilm Reactor and Sand Filter System, its indicated by the rules and principle of a
portion of the nations said over the recovery level of this system is worthy. It has shown an
acceptable level of effectives in the treatment of the physical pollutant TSS, the organic
chemical pollutant COD and the microbial contamination F.C. At the point when the reuse
motivation behind water is watering system, supplement evacuation is not basic in light of the
fact these supplements are viral for plant development. So, this system is suitable for nations
that face a water deficiency issue.
In addition, for pilot-scale biofilters and constructed wetland with ornamental plants
in greywater treatment, it can conclude that the combination system significantly enhance the
water quality. Although of the fact that the biofilters were intended for pre-treatment purpose,
was assumed a vital part in the treatment process. Since the eliminate of fecal coliform,
natural ,atter and NH4-N were completely accomplished by the biofilters. The watland was
not used to its ability. Regardless of that, the wetland effectiveness demonstrated that it
contributed extraordinary to the evacuation of NO3-N that was shaped in the biofilters. Other
than that, in the wetland, all parameters removal surpassed 55% except for P which was 38%
to 39%. Ornamental plants on the wetland were discovered to be higher in weight and in P
content when contrasted with those not become on the developed wetland demonstrating that
the decorative plants could be potential stockpiling of supplements from wastewater.
F.microcarpa was discovered to be a superior species varieties because of its higher limit for
P collection in the tissue. Therefore, it is prescribed that such system be actualized at the
recreational parks of the urban local locations to treat dim water so waterway water
contamination can be diminished.

REFERENCE

1. World Applied Sciences Journal 6 (11): 1555-1562, 2009 ISSN 1818-4952, Performance
of a Pilot-Scale Biofilters and Constructed Wetland with Ornamental Plants in
Greywater Treatment
2. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(3): 283-292, 2012 ISSN 1991-8178,
Greywater Treatment Using GAC Biofilm Reactor and Sand Filter System