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Il nest pas facile de citer toutes les personnes qui, par leur soutien tant professionnel que
personnel, ont contribu llaboration de ce travail. Je voudrais nanmoins exprimer toute ma
reconnaissance celles et ceux qui mont permis, dune faon ou dune autre, darriver au bout
de laventure Thse .
Ma gratitude va tout dabord Jean-Marie Hombert, directeur de thse qui ma accueillie
dans le cadre du Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage il y a dj plusieurs annes, et ma offert,
ds le premier jour, des conditions de travail hors du commun. Sa rencontre a marqu le dbut
dune recherche passionnante sur la machiavlique variabilit des formes dialectales. Lapproche
pluridisciplinaire quil privilgie dans son quipe a par ailleurs t la source de dcouvertes
multiples, plus enrichissantes les unes que les autres. Son esprit douverture et sa grande rigueur
mont accompagne jour aprs jour tant dans les priodes denthousiasme que dans les moments
de doutes.
Je remercie galement tous les membres du laboratoire : Christian Fressard et Stephane
Janczarski pour mavoir oriente vers les solutions les plus appropries face aux problmes
dinformatique auxquels jai t plus dune fois confronte. Colette Grinevald, Sophie Kern,
Anne Vigui, Graldine Hilaire et Frdrique Gayraud qui mont soutenue en choeur dans les
moments difficiles. Trois mercis tous particuliers Sophie Gonnand qui a bien voulu se prter,
avec une efficacit superbe, au jeu du tlphone , Sumikazu Nishio pour mavoir appris
jongler avec certaines variables statistiques et Nama Louali pour ses conseils
mthodologiques, ses relectures et son aide efficace lors du choix des protocoles exprimentaux.
Jexprime mes sincres remerciements Catherine Taine-Cheikh qui a bien voulu mouvrir
les portes de son incroyable bibliothque et ma initie, avec la passion des rudits, la
dialectologie arabe. Sans elle, une grosse partie de ce travail naurait pu tre ralise.
Je me sens extrmement honore par la prsence dans mon jury de spcialistes aussi rputs
que comptents dans les disciplines qui ont t abordes dans ce travail :
Didier Demolin, grce qui jai pu observer, au niveau crbral, la manifestation et le
traitement de la variabilit linguistique. Quil soit ici particulirement remerci pour son accueil
chaleureux au Laboratoire de Phonologie de lUniversit Libre de Bruxelles.
Salem Ghazali, qui a mis en vidence la position centrale quoccupe lexprimentation dans
le domaine de la linguistique arabe.
Ian Maddieson qui, de par sa passion pour ltude des langues du monde a, sans nul doute,
t la source dune grande motivation dans ma recherche.
Franois Pellegrino pour sa patience, sa gentillesse, son aide constante, ses encouragements,
ses relectures soignes, ses remarques constructives... Je crains de ne pouvoir trouver les mots
pour le remercier, comme il se devrait, de tout ce que je lui dois. Quil trouve ici le tmoignage
de ma profonde gratitude et lexpression de mon ternelle amiti.
Mes dernire penses vont mes proches. mes parents, mes tantes Anny et Mimi et ma
chre Mamou qui mont appris limportance dune ducation bien faite et transmis le got du
savoir tout en me prodiguant, jours aprs jours, les meilleurs conseils et la plus tendre affection.
Mon frre Samy, ami et confident de toujours, qui a inlassablement t prsent dans les
moments de doutes.
M$6+=5 * -(4*M 2 N $( (O * (O

Je pense galement Fred, sa patience, son soutien de tous les instants, ses relectures
plus-que-parfaites et la force tranquille quil a su continment dgager dans ce quil convient
dappeler la dernire ligne droite.
Que tous soient ici chaleureusement remercis.
Enfin, il y a Papou et Azo disparus avant que je ne fasse mes preuves, mais dont le souvenir
maccompagne chaque instant et qui je suis trs heureuse de ddier ce travail.
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The colloquial is one of the diseases from which the people are suffering and of
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The reality of contemporary Arabic is such that every utterance embodies an
incommensurable amount of variation and shifts alternating between one variety
and another. The elements from different varieties are so densely intertwined that
no part -of an utterance- can actually be characterized as either literary or
colloquial Wilmsen (1996 : 76, nous souligons).
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A relatively stable language situation in which, in addition to the primary

dialects of the language (which may include a standard or regional standards),
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superposed variety, the vehicle of a large and respected body of written literature,
either of an earlier period or in another speech community, which is learned
largely by a formal education. and is used by any sector of the community for
ordinary conversation. (Ferguson, 1959:336).

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La dualit sociologique du Monde Arabe a naturellement son reflet dans la
langue : il y a des parlers de sdentaires et des parlers de nomades. Une des
questions capitale qui se pose pour le dialectologue est dtablir une
discrimination entre ces deux types de parlers et de dfinir les faits de
phontique, de morphologie, de syntaxe et de vocabulaire qui les opposent
(Cantineau, 1938:80).
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