M1204 Continuity and Differentiability Hints

HINTS/SOLUTIONS for M1204
(Continuity & Differentiability)

Classroom Discussion Exercise
1.
(b)
cosx in continuous for all x R tanx is continuous
for all x R 2n 1
2
14. (c)
x0
is continuous
15. (a)
x0
(c)
f is continuous at all points.
3.
(b)
f(
tan x
1
cot x
) = lim
= lim
=
2x
x 0 2 x
2
2
x
tan
dy
dx
(c)
f(1) = lim (1-x) tan

x 1
= lim
y
=k (a constant)
x
y
dy
=k =
.
dx
x
16. (c)
x = .
y 0
5.
6.
(b)
(c)
( x 3 8)
= 12k = f(2)
x 2
x2
1
12k = 3 k =
4
lim k
The function discontinuous at -1 and 1.

k = lim f(x) = 0 = lim f(x).
8.
(b)
f(0)= lim
9.
(a)
f is discontinuous at 0
12. (c)
x 0
x 0
y = ex 1
f(x) =
1
2 x
1
2 (1 x ) x
1
sin 2x2; derivative is
2
2x cos 2x2 = 2x (cos2x2 sin2x2).
The function is
sin2 y
dy
sin x
y
cos x. log x
dx
x
19. (b)
1 1
1
x y
y=
x
x 1
dy
1
dx x 12
1 x2
- cos-1
2 tan 1 x
2
1 x2 2
2
f ' (x) =
1 x2
20. (c)
f(x) =
21. (c)
2 tan x

2
y tan 1 3
= tan 1 tan tan 1 x
3
1 2 . tan x

dx
1
dy
= ex
ex
dx
dy
y 1
sin( y ) cos y cos( y ) sin y
sin2 ( y )
. sin
dy
dy
2 sin t
t
dt
tan .
dx
dx
2(1 cos t )
2
dt
f1(0) does not exist.
3
dy
sin x
2 3
dx 1 cos x 1 1
2
13. (c)
sin y
sin( y )
18. (d)
x 0
ex 1
log(1 x )
= 1.
lim
x 0
x
x
y = kx
y = xsinx
logy = sinx.logx
1 dy sin x
.
log x. cos x
y dx
x
(b)
11. (d)
17. (c)
7.
10. (d)
dx
dy
y
x
= lim y cot
y 0
2
2
x
2
=
y
tan
2
2
(1 x )2
3 x 2y
=7
3 x 2y
4.
3 x 2y
tan 1 (7)
3 x 2y
|x|
1
x
x > 0 f(x) = 1
f(x) = 1 x R is also continuous.
x < 0 f(x) =
2.
2
1 x
= 1 +
1 x
1 x
2y
sin x
lim
1 and f(0) = 1
x 0 x
sin x
f(x) = x
1
y2 =
dy
2
1
y = tan1 x
dx
3
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22. (b)
sin-1x =
cos-1 x the derivative is derivative

2
25. (a)
of t with respect to t = 1.
2
Let u = sec x and v = tanx

u = 1 + v2
du
2v 2 tan x
dv
24. (a)
y=
d2 y
dx 2
x2 1 x
x2 1
y1 =
ey
x2 1
1 x2
2
x 2 y1
1
1
1 x2
again differentiate with respect to x
(1 + x2) . 2y1y2 + (y1)2 . 2x = 0
Divided by 2y1 (1 + x2) y2 + xy1 = 0
x
1
= -1 +
1 x
1 x
dy
1
dx
(1 x )2
ey . y1 = 1
23. (b)
y = log x 1 x 2 e y x 1 x 2
2
(1 x ) 3
Regular Homework Exercise

1.
2.
3.
(b)
(b)
(b)
lim f(x) = 2 = f(0) = lim f(x) , in (b).
x 0
6 x 1 2x 1
x
f(o) = lim xx
x 0 6 1 3 x 1
x
x
log 3
=
= log23
log 2
log 6 log 2
log 6 log 3
12. (b)
4.
(a)
5.
(b)
6.
(b)
x2 1
13. (c) log
x 0
3
2x 5 y
2x 5 y
e3
ee k
2x 5 y
2x 5 y
y
=k (a constant)
x
dy
y
k
dx
x
The function is discontinuous at 0
lim f(x) = 2 = lim f(x) = f(0)
3
dx
x 2 1

dy
x 2
f(x) = x |x|
2x , x 0
f(x) =
is continuous for all x.
0 , x0
dy
1
2
dx
x 1 x2 1
2
x 1
x 0
x2
x2 1
lim f ( x ) lim f ( x )
x 2
x2 y2 = x2y2 y2 =
y=
f(x) is not continuous at x = 1 and 2

Since lim f ( x ) lim f ( x )
x 1
dx
1
dy
y
x 0
y = kx
(d)
x 0
x 1
8.
(b)
9.
(c)
15. (d)
f(0) = 1 = lim f(x) = a;

f(1) = 0 = lim f ( x ) a b
f(x) =
( x 1)2 (2x 3)
( x 1)2
The derivative is
11. (b)
y = e-x
y=
y2 + y = sinx
dy
cos x
(2y + 1)
dx
dy
cos x
dx 2y 1
-5 as x (1)
cos(log x )
x
tan x 2
sin x y y 2 sin x y
b = 1.
5
2, 3 and f(x) = [x 1] = 1
2
f ' ( x ) 0 x (2, 3)
10. (c)
2 tan x
It is continuous at x = 0.
7.
14. (d) The derivative is 2x . sec2x2
16. (a)
17. (c)
dy a(cos cos sin )

= tan
dx a( sin sin cos )
y = tan-1
dy
= e-x = y
dx
18. (a)
2x
1 x2
+ cot-1
2x
1 x2
dy
= 0.
dx
derivative of x with respect to ex
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19. (a)
derivative of e x w.r.t. x
ex
ex
y1
20. (a)
2 sin1 x
1 x
(1 x2)y12 = 4(sin1x)2 = 4y
(1 x2) 2y1y2 + y12.(2x) = 2y1
Divided by 2y1 (1 x2)y2 xy1 = 2
cos(log x ) sin(log x )
y =
x
x
xy' = cos(logx) sin(logx)
sinlog x coslog x
xy + y . 1 =
x
x
2
x y + xy = y
Assignment Exercise
1.
(b)
lim sin
x 0
1
lim sin
x
x 0
1
lim sin does not exist
x 0
x
2.
(b)
sin2 x
sin x
= lim
x 0 x 2 x 1
x 0 x
= f(0)
it is continuous at x = 0
lim
sin2 x
lim
x 1 x2
x 1
x 1
= 1
10. (c)
(b)
4.
(a)
5.
(c)
log(1 2x ) log(1 2x )
f(0) = lim
x 0
x
x
= 2 + (2) = 0.
12. (a)
lim
x 0
6.
(d)
7.
8.
(d)
(c)
lim
x 0
x2 (1 + y) = y2 (1 + x)
(x y)(x + y + xy) = 0
( x y)
1 x 1 x
x
2
1 x 1 x
13. (b)
1.
f1(0) does not
y2 = xy represent two straight lines y = x and y = 0

dy
= 1 or 0
dx
dy
a
2
dx a
1 tan
y = tan1 1 tan
y = tan1 x
4
dy
1
dx 1 x 2
14. (c)
dy
1
dx (1 x )2
1
0
x
exists (=0).
f1(0) = 1; f1 (0+) = 1
exist.
x2 + y2 = r2
x + yy = 0 y =
y =
9.
(a)
|x| > 1 ( 1) (1, ) In (, 1)

y=
log | x |
log x
x
1 x
The domain is R {0}. And the function is

discontinuous at all integral points; so Z{0}.
x 2 sin
dy
1
, in |x| > 1
dx 2x
11. (d)
x 0
x + y + xy = 0 y =
The only discontinuity is at x = -1.
k = f(0) = lim
dy
1
dx 2x
does not exist
it is not continuous at x = 1
3.
x
y
y1 x.y'
y2
y2y = y + x.
x
y
y3y = (x2 + y2) = r2
y = log(x)
2
2y.
dy
1
1
.1
dx x
x
dy
1
dx 2x
15. (c) The function defined by

0 (1, 1).
applicable.
is not differentiable at
Hence Rolles Theorem is not
In (1, ), y2 = logx
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Additional Practice Exercise

1.
(d)
2.
(b)
3.
4.
lim f(x), lim f(x) do not exist for any a.
x a
x a
f is continuous at all points in R {0};

1
Now lim x2 sin
= 0 f is discontinuous
x 0
x
at 0. f(0) = 1
(d)
|x|.
(d)
log1 5 x log1 3 x
lim
x 0
x
log1 5 x
log1 3 x
3 lim
5x 0
3x 0
5x
3x
= 5 1 3 1 = 8
= 5 lim
5.
(b)
a. 0 + b.0 + 3 = -a + b b a = 3
2a (-1) b(1) = -2a. 0 + b.0
2a + b = 0
a = 1, b = 2.
6.
(c)
f is continuous at all points, except at 0.
7.
(c)
4 x 1 3 x 1 sin 2x
k = f(0) = lim
x 0
x
x
x
log 4 log 3
1
4
= log
2
2
3
2
= log
3
15. (a)
16. (d)
d
10x = 10x log 10.
dx
17. (b)
loge x x x
18. (a)
y x = x log x
19. (b)
It is the derivative of
(b)
(d)
10. (d)
11. (a)
f(1) = f(1) =
log x10
log e10
1
x
dy
= 1 + 1+ log x
dx
It is the derivative of
21. (c)
y = sin1
-2 tan-1x with respect to

2
x2 1
1
cos-12x
2
1
2
= .
.
2 1 4x 2
cos 1
x 1
dy
0 .
dx
2
x2 1
x2 1
22. (a)
tan2x = sec2x-1 the

derivative of y 1 with respect to y is 1
23. (d)
log tanx = log cot x
derivative of ( log y) with respect to y =
1
y
24. (a)
f(x) = derivative of 3 tan-1x with respect to x.

3
=
1 x2
25. (c)
f(x) = derivative of
f(-x) = f(x) f(x) = f(-x)
y = loge10 x10
dy
=
dx
= tan x
a differentiable function is necessarily

continuous.
14. (d)
x log x
= log e x
x log e
20. (d)
Obviously, choice is (d).
y=
13. (d)
tan x
1 1
. 1
1 2
2
12. (d)
x2
x
.
x3 tan x 1 cos x log(1 2x )
x 0
= 1.
9.
ex
k = f(0) = lim
dy
1
dx 2x
2 tan-1x is the required derivative is 1

2
8.
1
2
x = log x
y = log e
1
2
2 tan1 x
2
2
1 x2
26. (d)
10 log x
10 log e
log x
= logex
log e
dy 1
dx x
obviously, the result is not valid

where g1(x) = 0.
y = loge 1 x 1 = loge x
dy 1
.
dx x
If 0 < x < 1,
putting x = tan, we get y = 2tan1x
1
1
For x > 1, putting
= tan, we get y = 2tan1
x
x
2 tan 1 x, 0 x 1
Hence y =
1 1
x 1
2 tan x ,
Although y is continuous at x = 1, it is not differentiable
there
27. (a)
x
x
1 2 sin cos
2
2
f(x) = tan1
x
x
1 2 sin cos
2
2
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= tan 1
x
x
cos sin
2
2
2
x
x
cos
sin
2
2
cos
2
= tan 1
x
cos
2
x
since sin
> cos
2
1
f(x) = tan
f(x) =
28. (d)
2,
x
sin
2
x
in
<x<
2
2
sin
x
tan
4 2
4
2
1
2
dy
dx
dx
1
1
8 sin t
sec 2 t
2
t
dt
2
tan
2
1 8 cos 2 t
= 8 sin t
sin t
sin t
dy
= 8cos t
dt
dy
dy
dt = tan t
dx
dx
dt
d2 y
dx 2
d dy
d
tan t
dx dx dx
= sec2t .
at t =
dt
dx
sin t
= sec2t
sin
d2 y
6
,
=
2
6 dx
8 cos 4
8 cos t
sin t
8 cos 4 t
1
1 1
16

=
8 2
9
9
29. (b) Since f(x) is differentiable at x = 1, it is continuous

m + a + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2 m + a = 1 (1)
f(1) = f(1+)
m = 2 (2)
From (1) and (2), m = 2, a = 1
30. (d)
x 5 d x 5
dy
f '
dx
3 x 1 dx 3 x 1
x 5
14
= f '
3
x
3
x
12
at x = 1,
=
dy
7
f ' (2).
dx
2
2
7 4
.e sin ce f ' ( x ) e x
2
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M1204 Continuity and Differentiability Hints

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M1204 Continuity and Differentiability Hints

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HINTS/SOLUTIONS for M1204

(Continuity & Differentiability)

cosx in continuous for all x R tanx is continuous

f is continuous at all points.

f(1) = lim (1-x) tan

The function discontinuous at -1 and 1.

sin( y ) cos y cos( y ) sin y

f1(0) does not exist.

cos-1 x the derivative is derivative

Let u = sec x and v = tanx

Regular Homework Exercise

lim f(x) = 2 = f(0) = lim f(x) , in (b).

13. (c) log

The function is discontinuous at 0

lim f(x) = 2 = lim f(x) = f(0)

f(x) is not continuous at x = 1 and 2

f(0) = 1 = lim f(x) = a;

14. (d) The derivative is 2x . sec2x2

dy a(cos cos sin )

dx a( sin sin cos )

derivative of x with respect to ex

f1(0) does not

y2 = xy represent two straight lines y = x and y = 0

|x| > 1 ( 1) (1, ) In (, 1)

The domain is R {0}. And the function is

The only discontinuity is at x = -1.

does not exist

y3y = (x2 + y2) = r2

15. (c) The function defined by

Hence Rolles Theorem is not

Additional Practice Exercise

lim f(x), lim f(x) do not exist for any a.

f is continuous at all points in R {0};

f is continuous at all points, except at 0.

-2 tan-1x with respect to

tan2x = sec2x-1 the

log tanx = log cot x

derivative of ( log y) with respect to y =

f(x) = derivative of 3 tan-1x with respect to x.

f(-x) = f(x) f(x) = f(-x)

a differentiable function is necessarily

Obviously, choice is (d).

2 tan-1x is the required derivative is 1

obviously, the result is not valid

29. (b) Since f(x) is differentiable at x = 1, it is continuous

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