Coordinates:4356N1228E

SanMarino
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

ThisarticleisaboutthecountryinsouthernEurope.Forotheruses,seeSanMarino(disambiguation).
SanMarino( i /snmrino/Italian:[sammarino]),
officiallytheRepublicofSanMarino[1][2](Italian:
RepubblicadiSanMarino),alsoknownastheMost
SereneRepublicofSanMarino[2](Italian:Serenissima
RepubblicadiSanMarino),isanenclavedmicrostate
surroundedbyItaly,situatedontheItalianPeninsulaon
thenortheasternsideoftheApennineMountains.Itssize
isjustover61km2(24sqmi)andhasanestimated
populationofabout32,000.ItscapitalistheCityofSan
MarinoanditslargestcityisDogana.SanMarinohasthe
smallestpopulationofallthemembersoftheCouncilof
Europe.
SanMarinoclaimstobetheoldestsurvivingsovereign
stateandconstitutionalrepublicintheworld,[8]asthe
continuationofthemonasticcommunityfoundedon3
September301,bystonecutterMarinusofArba.Legend
hasitthatMarinusleftRab,thentheRomancolonyof
Arba,in257whenthefutureemperor,Diocletian,issueda
decreecallingforthereconstructionofthecitywallsof
Rimini,whichhadbeendestroyedbyLiburnianpirates.

RepublicofSanMarino[1][2]
RepubblicadiSanMarino(Italian)

Flag

Motto:"Libertas" (Latin)
"Freedom"

Anthem:InnoNazionaledellaRepubblica
"NationalAnthemoftheRepublic"

SanMarinoisgovernedbytheConstitutionofSanMarino
(LegesStatutaeRepublicaeSanctiMarini),aseriesofsix
bookswritteninLatininthelate16thcentury,thatdictate
thecountryspoliticalsystem,amongothermatters.The
countryisconsideredtohavetheearliestwrittengoverning
documents(constitution)stillineffect.[9]
Thecountry'seconomymainlyreliesonfinance,industry,
servicesandtourism.Despitehavinganextremelysmall
economyforanationstate,itisoneofthewealthiest
countriesintheworldintermsofGDP(percapita),witha
figurecomparabletothemostdevelopedEuropean
regions.SanMarinoisconsideredtohaveahighlystable
economy,withoneofthelowestunemploymentratesin
Europe,nonationaldebtandabudgetsurplus.[1]Itisthe
onlycountrywithmorevehiclesthanpeople.

Locationof SanMarino ( green )

inEurope( darkgrey )[ Legend]

Capital

1History
2Geography
2.1Climate
3Government
3.1Administrativedivisions

CityofSanMarino
4356N1226E

Largestcity

Dogana

Officiallanguages

Italian

Ethnicgroups

Italians

Demonym

Sammarinese

Government

Unitaryparliamentary
constitutionalrepublic
AndreaBelluzzi
RobertoVenturini

CaptainsRegent

Contents

Coatofarms

Legislature

GrandandGeneralCouncil

Independence
fromtheRoman
Empire
Constitution

3September301a

Area
Total

8October1600
61.2km2[1](222th)

3.1.1Municipalities
3.1.2Curacies
3.2Military
3.2.1CrossbowCorps
3.2.2GuardoftheRock
3.2.3GuardoftheCouncilGreatand
General
3.2.4TheCompanyofUniformed
Militia
3.2.5TheMilitaryEnsemble
3.2.6TheGendarmerie
4Economy
4.1Taxation
4.2Tourism
4.3ConventionswithItaly
5Population
5.1Demographics
5.2Religion
6Transport
6.1Publictransport
6.2Railway
7Culture
7.1University
7.2Sport
7.3Cuisine
7.4UNESCO
7.5Music
7.6Publicholidaysandfestivals
8Seealso
9References
10Externallinks

History
Mainarticle:HistoryofSanMarino

24sqmi
Water(%)

Population
2012(31
July)estimate
Density

32,576[3]
520/km2
1,346.8/sqmi

GDP(PPP)
Total

2008estimate

Percapita

$35,928[4][5](24th)

GDP(nominal)
Total

2008estimate

Percapita

US$44,208[4][5](15th)

HDI(2013)

0.875[6]
veryhigh26th

Currency

Euro(EUR)

Timezone
Summer(DST)

CET(UTC+1)
CEST(UTC+2)

Drivesonthe

right

Callingcode

+378(+390549callingvia
Italy)

Patronsaint

SaintAgatha

ISO3166code

SM

InternetTLD

.sm

$1.17billion[4][5](177th)

US$1.44billion[4][5](163rd)

a.

Bytradition.

b.

ListofcountriesbyHumanDevelopmentIndex#UN
memberstates(latestUNDPdata).

Sources:[1][7]

SaintMarinuslefttheislandofArbainpresentdayCroatiawithhis
lifelongfriendLeo,andwenttothecityofRiminiasastonemason.
AftertheDiocletianicPersecutionfollowinghisChristiansermons,he
escapedtothenearbyMonteTitano,wherehebuiltasmallchurch
andthusfoundedwhatisnowthecityandstateofSanMarino.The
officialdateofthefoundingofwhatisnowknownastheRepublicis
3September301.
In1631,itsindependencewasrecognizedbythePapacy.
IllustrationofSaintMarinus,the
founderoftheRepublicofSan
Marino,andprominentcultural
figure

TheadvanceofNapoleon'sarmyin1797presentedabriefthreatto
theindependenceofSanMarino,butthecountrywassavedfrom
losingitslibertythankstooneofitsRegents,AntonioOnofri,who
managedtogaintherespectandfriendshipofNapoleon.Thanksto
hisintervention,Napoleon,inaletterdeliveredtoGaspardMonge,
scientistandcommissaryoftheFrenchGovernmentforScienceandArt,promisedtoguaranteeandprotect
theindependenceoftheRepublic,evenofferingtoextenditsterritoryaccordingtoitsneeds.Theofferwas
declinedbySanMarino,fearingfutureretaliationfromotherstates(revanchism).[10]

DuringthelaterphaseoftheItalianunificationprocessinthe19th
century,SanMarinoservedasarefugeformanypeoplepersecuted
becauseoftheirsupportforunification.Inrecognitionofthissupport,
GiuseppeGaribaldiacceptedthewishofSanMarinonottobe
incorporatedintothenewItalianstate.
ThegovernmentofSanMarinomadeUnitedStatesPresidentAbraham
Lincolnanhonorarycitizen.Hewroteinreply,sayingthattherepublic
provedthat"governmentfoundedonrepublicanprinciplesiscapableof
beingsoadministeredastobesecureandenduring."[11][12]
DuringWorldWarI,whenItalydeclaredwaronAustriaHungaryon23
May1915,SanMarinoremainedneutralandItalyadoptedahostileview
ofSammarineseneutrality,suspectingthatSanMarinocouldharbor
Austrianspieswhocouldbegivenaccesstoitsnewradiotelegraph
station.ItalytriedtoforciblyestablishadetachmentofCarabinieriinthe
republicandthencuttherepublic'stelephonelineswhenitdidnot
TheSanMarinoconstitutionof
comply.TwogroupsoftenvolunteersjoinedItalianforcesinthefighting
1600
ontheItalianfront,thefirstascombatantsandthesecondasamedical
corpsoperatingaRedCrossfieldhospital.Theexistenceofthishospital
latercausedAustriaHungarytosuspenddiplomaticrelationswithSanMarino.[13]
From1923to1943,SanMarinowasundertheruleoftheSammarineseFascistParty(PFS).
DuringWorldWarII,SanMarinoremainedneutral,althoughitwas
wronglyreportedinanarticlefromTheNewYorkTimesthatithad
declaredwarontheUnitedKingdomon17September1940.[14]The
SammarinesegovernmentlatertransmittedamessagetotheBritish
governmentstatingthattheydidnotdeclarewarontheUnited
Kingdom.[15]
ThreedaysafterthefallofBenitoMussoliniinItaly,PFSrule
collapsedandthenewgovernmentdeclaredneutralityintheconflict.
TheFascistsregainedpoweron1April1944butkeptneutrality
intact.Despitethat,on26June1944SanMarinowasbombedbythe
ThefrontpassesMountTitanoin
RoyalAirForce,inthebeliefthatSanMarinohadbeenoverrunby
September1944.
Germanforcesandwasbeingusedtoamassstoresandammunition.
TheSammarinesegovernmentdeclaredonthesamedaythatno
militaryinstallationsorequipmentwerelocatedonitsterritory,andthatnobelligerentforceshadbeen
allowedtoenter.[16]SanMarinoacceptedthousandsofcivilianrefugeeswhenAlliedforceswentoverthe
GothicLine.[17]InSeptember1944,itwasbrieflyoccupiedbyGermanforces,whoweredefeatedbyAllied
forcesintheBattleofSanMarino.
SanMarinohadtheworld'sfirstdemocraticallyelectedcommunistgovernment,whichheldofficebetween
1945and1957.[18][19]
SanMarinoistheworld'ssmallestrepublic,althoughwhenNaurugainedindependencein1968itchallenged
thatclaim,Nauru'slandmassbeingonly21km2(8.1sqmi).HoweverNauru'sjurisdictionoverits
surroundingwaterscovers431,000km2(166,000sqmi),anareathousandsoftimesgreaterthantheterritory
ofSanMarino.[20]
SanMarinobecameamemberoftheCouncilofEuropein1988andoftheUnitedNationsin1992.Itisnota
memberoftheEuropeanUnion,noroftheEurozonealthoughitusestheeuroasitscurrency.

Geography
Mainarticle:GeographyofSanMarino
SanMarinoisanenclaveinItaly,ontheborderbetweentheregioni
ofEmiliaRomagnaandMarcheandabout10km(6.21mi)fromthe
AdriaticcoastatRimini.ItstopographyisdominatedbytheApennine
mountainrange,andithasaruggedterrain.Thehighestpointinthe
country,thesummitofMonteTitano,issituatedat749m(2,457ft)
abovesealevel.Therearenobodiesofwaterofanysignificantsize.
SanMarinoisthethirdsmallestcountryinEurope,withonlyVatican
CityandMonacobeingsmaller.SanMarinohasnoflatgrounditis
entirelycomposedofhillyterrain.

MountTitano

Climate
TheclimateisMediterraneanwithcontinentalinfluences,havingwarmsummersandcoolwintersthatis
typicalofinlandareasofthecentralItalianpeninsula.
ClimatedataforSanMarino
Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year

Average
highC(F)

7
(45)

9
(48)

14
(57)

17
(63)

23
(73)

28
(82)

30
(86)

30
(86)

25
(77)

20
(68)

13
(55)

8
(46)

18.7
(65.5)

Dailymean
C(F)

4
(39)

5.5
(41.9)

10
(50)

13
(55)

18.5
(65.3)

23
(73)

25
(77)

25
(77)

20.5
(68.9)

16
(61)

10
(50)

5.5
(41.9)

14.67
(58.33)

Averagelow
C(F)

1
(34)

2
(36)

6
(43)

9
(48)

14
(57)

18
(64)

20
(68)

20
(68)

16
(61)

12
(54)

7
(45)

3
(37)

10.7
(51.3)

Average
34.0 37.6 34.2
51.5
41.6
36.0
34.5
49.2 85.6 69.8
59.2
75.4
608.6
precipitation
(1.339) (1.48) (1.346) (2.028) (1.638) (1.417) (1.358) (1.937) (3.37) (2.748) (2.331) (2.969) (23.961)
mm(inches)
Source:WorldWeatherOnline[21]

Government
Mainarticle:PoliticsofSanMarino
Seealso:ForeignrelationsofSanMarino,ConstitutionofSanMarino,CapitalpunishmentinSan
Marino,SanMarinopassport,LawenforcementinSanMarinoandElectionsinSanMarino
SanMarinohasthepoliticalframeworkofaparliamentaryrepresentativedemocraticrepublic:theCaptains
Regentarebothheadsofstateandheadsofgovernment,andthereisapluriformmultipartysystem.
Executivepowerisexercisedbythegovernment.Legislativepowerisvestedinboththegovernmentandthe
GrandandGeneralCouncil.Thejudiciaryisindependentoftheexecutiveandthelegislature.
SanMarinowasoriginallyledbytheArengo,initiallyformedfromtheheadsofeachfamily.Inthe13th
century,powerwasgiventotheGreatandGeneralCouncil.In1243,thefirsttwoCaptainsRegentwere
nominatedbytheCouncil.Asof2010,thismethodofnominationisstillinuse.
ThelegislatureoftherepublicistheGrandandGeneralCouncil(Consigliograndeegenerale).TheCouncil
isaunicamerallegislaturewith60members.Thereareelectionseveryfiveyearsbyproportional
representationinallnineadministrativedistricts.Thesedistricts(townships)correspondtotheoldparishesof
therepublic.

Citizens18yearsorolderareeligibletovote.Besidegeneral
legislation,theGrandandGeneralCouncilapprovesthebudgetand
electstheCaptainsRegent,theStateCongress(composedoften
Secretarieswithexecutivepower),theCouncilofTwelve(which
formsthejudicialbranchduringtheperiodoflegislatureofthe
Council),theAdvisingCommissions,andtheGovernmentUnions.
Thecouncilalsohasthepowertoratifytreatieswithothercountries.
ThecouncilisdividedintofivedifferentAdvisingCommissions
consistingoffifteencouncillorswhoexamine,propose,anddiscuss
theimplementationofnewlawsthatareontheirwaytobeing
presentedonthefloorofthecouncil.
Everysixmonths,thecouncilelectstwoCaptainsRegenttobethe
FourformerCaptainsRegent:from
headsofstate.TheRegentsarechosenfromopposingpartiessothat
lefttoright,MirkoTomassoni,
thereisabalanceofpower.Theyserveasixmonthterm.The
AlessandroRossi,Alessandro
investitureoftheCaptainsRegenttakesplaceon1Apriland1
Mancini,andAlbertoSelva.
Octoberineveryyear.Oncethistermisover,citizenshavethreedays
inwhichtofilecomplaintsabouttheCaptains'activities.Ifthey
warrantit,judicialproceedingsagainsttheexhead(s)ofstatecanbeinitiated.
Thepracticeofhavingmultipleheadsofstate,choseninfrequentelections,isderiveddirectlyfromthe
customsoftheRomanRepublic.TheCouncilisequivalenttotheRomanSenatetheCaptainsRegent,tothe
consulsofancientRome.
SanMarinoisamultipartydemocraticrepublic.Anewelectionlawin2008raisedthethresholdforsmall
partiesenteringParliament,causingpoliticalpartiestoorganisethemselvesintotwoalliances:therightwing
PactforSanMarino,ledbytheSanMarineseChristianDemocraticPartyandtheleftwingReformsand
Freedom,ledbythePartyofSocialistsandDemocrats,amergeroftheSocialistPartyofSanMarinoandthe
formercommunistPartyofDemocrats).The2008generalelectionwaswonbythePactforSanMarinowith
35seatsintheGrandandGeneralCouncilagainstReformsandFreedom's25.
On1October2007,MirkoTomassoniwaselectedasoneoftheheadsofstate,makinghimthefirstdisabled
personevertohavebeenelectedascaptainregent.[22]
SanMarinohashadmorefemaleheadsofstatethananyothercountry:15asofOctober2014,including
threewhoservedtwice.

Administrativedivisions
Municipalities
SanMarinoisdividedintothefollowingninemunicipalities,knownlocallyascastelli(meaning"castles").
SanMarino(CityofSanMarino,officiallyCittdiSanMarino)isthecapital.
Therearealsoeightminormunicipalities:
Acquaviva
BorgoMaggiore
Chiesanuova
Domagnano
Faetano
Fiorentino
Montegiardino
Serravalle

ThelargestsettlementoftheRepublicisDogana,whichisnotanautonomouscastello,butratherbelongsto
theCastelloofSerravalle.
InasimilarwaytoanItaliancomune,eachcastelloincludesamainsettlement,calledcapoluogo,whichis
theseatofthecastello,andsomeevensmallerlocalitiesknownasfrazioni.
Curacies
Therepublicismadeupof43parishes[23]namedcuracies(It:curazie):
CBerlone,CChiavello,CGiannino,CMelone,CRagni,CRigo,Cailungo,Caladino,Calligaria,
Canepa,Capanne,Casole,Castellaro,Cerbaiola,CinqueVie,Confine,Corianino,Crociale,Dogana,
Falciano,Fiorina,Galavotto,Gualdicciolo,LaSerra,Lesignano,Molarini,Montalbo,MontePulito,
Murata,Pianacci,Piandivello,PoggioCasalino,Poggio
Chiesanuova,PonteMellini,Rovereta,SanGiovannisottolePenne,
SantaMustiola,SpaccioGiannoni,Teglio,Torraccia,Valdragone,
ValgiurataandVentoso.

Military
Mainarticle:MilitaryofSanMarino
SanMarinohasoneofthesmallestmilitaryforcesintheworld.
Nationaldefenceis,byarrangement,theresponsibilityofItaly's
armedforces.Differentbrancheshavevariedfunctions,including:
performingceremonialdutiespatrollingbordersmountingguardat
governmentbuildingsandassistingpoliceinmajorcriminalcases.
ThepolicearenotincludedintheMilitaryofSanMarino.
CrossbowCorps

AdministrativedivisionsofSan
Marino

OnceattheheartofSanMarino'sarmy,theCrossbowCorpsisnowa
ceremonialforceofapproximatelyeightyvolunteers.Since1295,the
CrossbowCorpshasprovideddemonstrationsofcrossbowshootingat
festivals.Itsuniformismedievalindesign.Whilestillastatutory
militaryunit,theCrossbowCorpshasnomilitaryfunctiontoday.
GuardoftheRock
TheGuardoftheRockisafrontlinemilitaryunitintheSanMarino
armedforces,astateborderpatrol,withresponsibilityforpatrolling
bordersanddefendingthem.IntheirroleasFortressGuardstheyare
responsibleforguardingthePalazzoPubblicoinSanMarinoCity,the
seatofnationalGovernment.

TheGuardoftheRockindress
uniformduringtheinvestitureofthe
newCaptainsRegentinthePiazza
dellaLibert

Inthisroletheyaretheforcesmostvisibletotourists,andareknownfortheircolourfulceremonyof
ChangingtheGuard.Underthe1987statutetheGuardoftheRockareallenrolledas'CriminalPolice
Officers'(inadditiontotheirmilitaryrole)andassistthepoliceininvestigatingmajorcrime.Theuniformof
theGuardoftheRockisadistinctiveredandgreen.
GuardoftheCouncilGreatandGeneral

TheGuardoftheCouncilGreatandGeneralcommonlyknownas
TheGuardoftheCouncilorlocallyasthe'GuardofNobles',formed
in1740,isavolunteerunitwithceremonialduties.Duetoitsstriking
blue,white,andgolduniform,itisperhapsthebestknownpartofthe
Sammarinesemilitary,andappearsoncountlesspostcardviewsofthe
republic.ThefunctionsoftheGuardoftheCouncilaretoprotectthe
CaptainsRegent,andtodefendtheGreatandGeneralCouncilduring
itsformalsessions.Theyalsoprovideaceremonialbodyguardto
governmentofficialsonfestivalsofbothstateandchurch.
TheCompanyofUniformedMilitia

ThreemembersoftheGuardofthe
Rock

Informertimes,allfamilieswithtwoormoreadultmalemembers
wererequiredtoenrollhalfofthemintheCompanyofUniformedMilitia.Thisunitremainsthebasic
fightingforceofthearmedforcesofSanMarino,butislargelyceremonial.Itisamatterofcivicpridefor
manySammarinesetobelongtotheforce,andallcitizenswithatleastsixyearsresidenceintherepublicare
entitledtoenroll.
Theuniformisdarkblue,withakepibearingablueandwhiteplume.Theceremonialformoftheuniform
includesawhitecrossstrap,andwhiteandbluesash,whiteepaulets,andwhitedecoratedcuffs.
TheMilitaryEnsemble
FormallythisispartoftheArmyMilitia,andistheceremonialmilitarybandofSanMarino.Itconsistsof
approximatelyfiftymusicians.TheuniformissimilartothatoftheArmyMilitia.MilitaryEnsemblemusic
accompaniesmoststateoccasionsintherepublic.
TheGendarmerie
Establishedin1842,theGendarmerieofSanMarinoisamilitarisedlawenforcementagency.Itsmembers
arefulltimeandhaveresponsibilityfortheprotectionofcitizensandproperty,andthepreservationoflaw
andorder.
TheentiremilitarycorpsofSanMarinodependsuponthecooperationoffulltimeforcesandtheirretained
(volunteer)colleagues,knownastheCorpiMilitariVolontari,orVoluntaryMilitaryForce.

Economy
Mainarticles:EconomyofSanMarino,SammarineseeurocoinsandListofbanksinSanMarino
AlthoughSanMarinoisnotaEuropeanUnionmember,itisallowedtousetheeuroasitscurrencyby
arrangementwiththeCounciloftheEuropeanUnionitisalsograntedtherighttouseitsowndesignsonthe
nationalsideoftheeurocoins.Beforetheeuro,theSammarineselirawaspeggedto,andexchangeablewith,
theItalianlira.ThesmallnumberofSammarineseeurocoins,aswasthecasewiththelirabeforeit,are
primarilyofinteresttocoincollectors.
Keyindustriesincludebanking,electronics,andceramics.Themainagriculturalproductsarewineand
cheese.
SanMarino'spostagestamps,whicharevalidformailpostedinthecountry,aremostlysoldtophilatelists
andareasourceofincome.SanMarinoisamemberoftheSmallEuropeanPostalAdministration
Cooperation.

ThepercapitalevelofUS$55,449andstandardoflivingarecomparabletothatofDenmark.SanMarino
importsgoodssuchasfoodfromItaly.

Taxation
ThecorporateprofitstaxrateinSanMarinois19percent.
Capitalgainsaresubjecttoafivepercenttaxinterestissubject
toa13percentwithholdingtax.
In1972,avalueaddedtaxation(VAT)systemwasintroducedin
Italy,andwasappliedinSanMarino,inaccordancewiththe
1939friendshiptreaty.Inaddition,ataxonimportedgoods,tobe
leviedbySanMarino,wasestablished.Suchtaxes,however,
werenot,andarenot,appliedtonationalproducts.Until1996,
goodsmanufacturedandsoldinSanMarinowerenotsubjectto
indirecttaxation.

BorgoMaggiore,oneofSanMarino's
touristattractions.

UndertheEuropeanUnioncustomsagreement,SanMarino
continuestolevytaxes,theequivalentofanimportduty,on
importedgoods.Also,ageneralVATwasintroduced,inreplacementoftheItalianVAT.

Tourism
Mainarticle:TourisminSanMarino
Thetouristsectorcontributesover2.2%ofSanMarino'sGDP,withapproximately2milliontouristsvisiting
in2009.[24][25]

ConventionswithItaly
SanMarinoandItalyhaveengagedinconventionssince1862,[26]dictatingsomeeconomicactivitiesinSan
Marino'sterritory.CultivationoftobaccoandproductionofgoodswhicharesubjecttoItaly'sgovernment
monopolyareforbiddeninSanMarino.Directimportisforbidden:allgoodscomingfromathirdpartyhave
totravelthroughItalybeforereachingthecountry.Althoughitisallowedtoprintitsownpostalstamps,San
MarinoisnotallowedtocoinitsowncurrencyandisobligedtouseItaly'smint.Gamblingestablishments
suchascasinosareoutlawed.[27]
InexchangeItalyprovidesSanMarinowithanannualstipend,andatcost,seasalt(notmorethan250tons
peryear),tobacco(40tons),cigarettes(20tons)andmatches(unlimitedamount).[27]
AtthebordertherearenoborderformalitieswithItaly.However,atthetouristofficevisitorscanpurchase
souvenirstampsthatareofficiallycanceledinsidetheirpassports.

Population
Demographics
Mainarticle:DemographicsofSanMarino
SanMarinohasapopulationofapproximately33,000,with4,800foreignresidents,mostofwhomareItalian
citizens.Another12,000Sammarineseliveabroad(5,700inItaly,3,000intheUSA,1,900inFranceand
1,600inArgentina).[28]

Thefirstcensussince1976washeldin2010.Resultswereexpectedbytheendof2011.However,13per
centoffamiliesdidnotreturntheirforms.
TheprimarylanguagespokenisItalianRomagnoliswidelyspokentoo.
CitizensofSanMarinoenjoyoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld.[1]

Religion
Mainarticle:ReligioninSanMarino
SanMarinoisapredominantlyCatholicstate[1]over97%ofthe
populationprofesstheRomanCatholicfaith,butitisnotthe
establishedreligion.Approximatelyhalfofthosewhoprofesstobe
Catholicpracticethefaith.[29]ThereisnoepiscopalseeinSan
Marino,althoughitsnameispartofthepresentdiocesantitle.
Historically,thevariousparishesinSanMarinoweredividedbetween
twoItaliandioceses,mostlyintheDioceseofMontefeltro,andpartly
intheDioceseofRimini.In1977,theborderbetweenMontefeltro
andRiminiwasreadjustedsothatallofSanMarinofellwithinthe
dioceseofMontefeltro.ThebishopofMontefeltroSanMarino
residesinPennabilli,inItaly'sprovinceofPesaroeUrbino.

BasilicadiSanMarino

However,thereisaprovisionundertheincometaxrulesthatthetaxpayershavetherighttorequestfor
allocationof0.3%oftheirincometaxtotheCatholicChurchorto"other"charities.Thechurchesincludethe
tworeligiousgroupsoftheWaldensianChurchandJehovah'sWitnesses.
TheRomanCatholicDioceseofSanMarinoMontefeltrowasuntil1977thehistoricdioceseofMontefeltro.
ItisasuffraganofthearchdioceseofRavennaCervia.[30]ThecurrentdioceseincludesalltheparishesofSan
Marino.TheearliestmentionofMontefeltro,asMonaFeretri,isinthediplomasbywhichCharlemagne
confirmedthedonationofPepin.ThefirstknownbishopofMontefeltrowasAgatho(826),whoseresidence
wasatSanLeo.UnderBishopFlaminiosDondi(1724)theseewasagaintransferredtoSanLeo,butlaterit
returnedtoPennabilli.ThehistoricdiocesewasasuffraganofthearchdioceseofUrbino.[31]Since1988,
thereisformallyaapostolicnunciaturetotherepublic,butit'svestedinthenunciotoItaly.
TherehasbeenaJewishpresenceinSanMarinoforatleast600years.[32]ThefirstmentionofJewsinSan
Marinodatestothelate14thcentury,inofficialdocumentsrecordingthebusinesstransactionsofJews.
Therearemanydocumentsthroughoutthe15thto17thcenturiesdescribingJewishdealingsandverifyingthe
presenceofaJewishcommunityinSanMarino.[33]Jewswerepermittedofficialprotectionbythe
government.
DuringWorldWarII,SanMarinoprovidedahavenformorethan100,000Italians(approximatelytentimes
theSammarinesepopulationatthetime)andJewsfromNazipersecution.Today,onlyafewJewsremain.[34]

ReligionsinSan
Marino(2011)[1]
Religion
%
RomanCatholic 97.2%
Protestant

1.1%

OtherChristian 0.7%
Jewish

0.1%

Other

0.1%

Notreligious

0.7%

Noanswer

0.1%

Transport
Mainarticle:TransportinSanMarino
Thereare220km(140mi)ofroadsinthecountry,themainroadbeingtheSanMarinoSuperhighway.
AuthoritieslicenseprivatevehicleswithdistinctiveSammarineselicenseplates,whicharewhitewithblue
figuresandthecoatofarms,usuallyaletterfollowedbyuptofournumbers.Manyvehiclesalsocarrythe
internationalvehicleidentificationcode(inblackonawhiteovalsticker),whichis"RSM".
TherearenopublicairportsinSanMarino,butthereisasmallprivateairstriplocatedinTorracciaandan
internationalheliportlocatedinBorgoMaggiore.MosttouristswhoarrivebyairlandatFedericoFellini
InternationalAirportclosetothecityofRimini,thenmakethetransferbybus.
TworiversflowthroughSanMarino,butthereisnomajorwatertransport,andnoportorharbour.

Publictransport
SanMarinohaslimitedpublictransportfacilities.ThereisaregularbusservicebetweenRiminiandthecity
ofSanMarino,popularwithbothtouristsandtouristindustryworkerscommutingtoSanMarinofromItaly.
ThisservicestopsatapproximatelytwentylocationsinRiminiandwithinSanMarino,withitstwoterminus
stopsatRiminirailwaystationandSanMarinocoachstation.
Alimitedlicensedtaxiserviceoperatesnationwide.Therearesevenlicensedtaxicompaniesoperatinginthe
republic,[35]andItaliantaxisregularlyoperatewithinSanMarinowhencarryingpassengerspickedupin
Italianterritory.
Thereisa1.5km(0.93mi)aerialtramwayconnectingtheCityofSan
MarinoontopofMonteTitanowithBorgoMaggiore,amajortown
intherepublic,withthesecondlargestpopulationofany
Sammarinesesettlement.Fromhereafurtherconnectionisavailable
tothenation'slargestsettlement,Dogana,viathelocalbusservice.
Twoaerialtramwaycars(gondolas)operate,withserviceprovidedat
roughlyfifteenminuteintervalsthroughouttheday.Athirdvehicleis
availableonthesystem,aservicecarfortheuseofengineers
maintainingthetramway.

Railway

AerialtramwaytoMonteTitano

Today,thereisnorailwayinSanMarino,butforashortperiodbeforeWorldWarII,ithadasinglenarrow
gaugeline,connectingthecountrywiththeItalianrailnetworkatRimini.Becauseofthedifficultiesin
accessingthecapital,CityofSanMarino,withitsmountaintoplocation,theterminusstationwasplannedto
belocatedinthevillageofValdragone,butwasextendedtoreachthecapitalthroughasteepandwinding
trackcomprisingmanytunnels.Therailwaywasopenedon12June1932.[36]Anadvancedsystemforits
time,itwasanelectricrailway,poweredfromoverheadcables.Itwaswellbuiltandhadahighfrequencyof
passengers,butwasalmostcompletelydestroyedduringWorldWarII.Manyfacilitiessuchasbridges,
tunnels,andstationsremainvisibletoday,andsomehavebeenconvertedtoparks,publicfootpaths,ortraffic
routes.

Culture
TheThreeTowersofSanMarinoarelocatedonthethreepeaks
ofMonteTitanointhecapital.Theyaredepictedonboththe
FlagofSanMarinoanditscoatofarms.Thethreetowersare:
Guaita,theoldestofthethree(itwasconstructedinthe11th
century)thethirteenthcenturyCesta,locatedonthehighestof
MonteTitano'ssummitsandthefourteenthcenturyMontale,on
thesmallestofMonteTitano'ssummits,stillprivatelyowned.

University

PhotoofGuaita

TheUniversitdegliStudidellaRepubblicadiSanMarino
(UniversityoftheRepublicofSanMarino)[37]isthemainuniversity,
whichincludestheScuolaSuperiorediStudiStoricidiSanMarino
(AdvancedSchoolofHistoricalStudies),adistinguishedresearchand
advancedinternationalstudycentergovernedbyaninternational
ScientificCommitteecoordinatedbyprofessorLucianoCanfora.Other
importantinstitutesaretheIstitutoMusicaleSammarinese(Sammarinese
MusicalInstitute)[38]andtheAkademioInternaciadelaSciencojSan
MarinoorAccademiaInternazionaledelleScienzeSanMarino
(InternationalAcademyofSciencesSanMarino).[39]Thelatterisknown
foradoptingEsperantoasthelanguageforteachingandforscientific
publicationsfurther,itmakeswideuseofelectroniceducational
technology(alsocalledelearning).
ItalianauthorUmbertoEcohasattemptedtocreatea"universitywithout
physicalstructures"inSanMarino.[40]

ApaintingintheMuseodiStato
diSanMarinobyPompeoBatoni.

Sport
Mainarticle:SportinSanMarino
Seealso:SanMarinoattheOlympicsandFootballinSanMarino
InSanMarino,asinItaly,footballisthemostpopularsport.Basketballandvolleyballarealsopopular.The
threesportshavetheirownfederations,theSanMarinoFootballFederation,theSanMarinoBasketball
FederationandtheSanMarinoVolleyballFederation.
TheSanMarinoChampionship,foundedundertheauspicesoftheFSGC(SanMarinoFootballFederation),
isthepremierfootballingcompetitioninSanMarino.Thefifteenteamsthattakepartinthecompetitionare
splitintotwogroupsofeightandseventeams.Thetopthreefromeachsectionattheendoftheregular
seasonprogressintoasemiknockoutstyleChampionshipPlayoff.Priorto2007,theplayoffchampion

earnedaspotinthepreliminaryroundsoftheUEFACup.In2007,UEFAgrantedSanMarinoaspotinthe
1stQualifyingRoundoftheChampionsLeague.ThedomesticcupwinneralsogetsaspotintheEuropa
Leaguequalifyingstages.2007leaguechampionsS.S.MuratawasthefirstteamtorepresentSanMarinoin
theChampionsLeaguewhentheyparticipatedinthe200708competition,losingtoFinnishteamTampere
United.SanMarinoalsohasarepresentativeintheItaliansystem,withSanMarinoCalcioplayinginthe
thirdtierofItalianfootball,SerieC1.SanMarinoplaytheirhomematchesintheSammarineseattheStadio
OlimpicoofSerravalle.
TheSanMarinonationalfootballteamplayeditsfirstunofficial
internationalmatchin1986,inwhichitsuffereda01defeatto
theCanadianOlympicteam.Itsfirstcompetitiveoutingwason
14November1990,a04lossagainstSwitzerlandinthe
EuropeanChampionshipqualifier.Thesedefeatssetthetonefor
mostofthefollowingoutingsoftheteam,whoareregardedas
easyvictoriesinthequalifyingsectionsoftheEuropean
ChampionshipandtheWorldCup.
Sammarineseplayingfootballonapitchat

TheyhadabriefmomentofglorywhentheyfacedEnglandina
thefootofMonteTitano.
WorldCupqualifieron17November1993andtookthelead
throughDavideGualtieriafterjust8.3secondsstillthefastest
goalinWorldCupcompetition.[41]Untilrecently,SanMarino'sinternationalrecordwasoneofalmosttotal
failure,withfamousdrawsagainstTurkeyandLatviabeingtheonlypartialsuccessesinaninternational
careerthatcontainsoverseventydefeats.However,on29April2004,SanMarinorecordedtheirfirstever
win,witha10victoryoverLiechtensteininaninternationalfriendly.AndySelvascoredtheonlygoalina
closegamethatfinallygavethistinyrepublicafootballingvictory.

On6September2006,SanMarinosufferedtheirbiggesteverdefeat,losing130toworldgiantsGermanyin
theStadioOlimpico.ItwasalsothelargestgoalmargindefeatinEuropeanChampionshipQualifying
history.Inthesamecompetitionon7February2007,theycamewithineightsecondsofthebestresultin
theirhistory.Theywerelevelat11withtheRepublicofIrelandafterninetyfourminuteswhenStephen
Irelandscoredwithineightsecondsofthefinalwhistle.ThegoalscoredbySanMarinowastheirEuropean
Qualifyingfirstgoalsincelosing41toAustriain1998.
AsofMay2015,SanMarinowas194thplaceintheFIFAworld
rankings.[42]
AFormulaOnerace,theSanMarinoGrandPrix,wasnamedafterthe
state,althoughitdidnottakeplacethere.Instead,itwasheldatthe
AutodromoEnzoeDinoFerrariintheItaliantownofImola,about
100kmnorthwestofSanMarino,alongtheViaEmilia.This
internationaleventwasremovedfromthecalendarin2007duetono
negotiationstorenewthecontractwiththeFormulaOneorganizers.
TheSanMarinoGrandPrixbecameetchedininfamyaftertwofatal
2005SanMarinoGrandPrixheldin
accidentsoccurredin1994,whenrookieRolandRatzenbergerand
Imola,Italy.
threetimeWorldChampionAyrtonSennawerekilledwhile
competing.Onthe20thanniversaryofSenna'sdeath,theRepublic
issued70,008commemorativeEUR2,50stamps[43]aswellas8,000silverproofcoinsinEur5,00
denominationin2014.[44]
TheSanMarinoandRimini'sCoastmotorcycleGrandPrixwasreinstatedintheschedulein2007andtakes
placeattheMisanoWorldCircuit,asdoesSanMarino'sroundoftheWorldSuperbikeChampionship.
ManuelPoggialiisoneofSanMarino'smostsuccessfulsportsmen.HehaswontwomotorcycleWorld
Championships,in2001with125ccbikesandin2003with250ccbikes.

AnothersuccessfulSanMarinomotorcycleracerisAlexDeAngelis,a4timeGrandPrixracewinner.In
2006,contestingthe250ccWorldChampionship,Alexfinished3rdoverallafter11podiumfinishes.Heis
alsoaracewinnerinthereplacementtothe250ccclasstheMoto2WorldChampionshipthenew
Intermediateclassofthesportsince2010.Alexhaswon3GrandsPrixinMoto2.
HeisalongtimeparticipantinGrandPrixmotorcycleracing,competingsince1999afterhavingstartedin
the125ccclass.Hisfirstfullseasoninthesportin2000earnedhim"RookieoftheYear"honors.In2003he
scored6podiumfinishes(all3rdplaces)andfinishedtheseasonrunnerupinthechampionshiptoDani
Pedrosa.
AlexDeAngelisiscurrentlyracinginMotoGPthePremierclassandpinnacleofthesportwiththe"E
MotionOctoIodaRacingTeam",ridinganApriliaARTmachine.Todatehehasaccumulatedatotalof40
podiumfinishesinGrandPrix(41st,192nd,173rd).Hehasalsosecured11PolePositionsand18Race
FastestLapsaswell.2015isAlex's16thyearofracingintheWorldChampionships,makinghimaveteran
of260GrandPrixraces,withonlyafewridersintheentirehistoryofthesporttoactuallyhavecompetedin
moreraces.
ThenextroundasofthiswritingisAlex'shomeGrandPrixofSanMarino,attheMisanoWorldCircuit
MarcoSimoncelliTheGranPremioTIMdiSanMarinoedellaRivieradiRimini.ThecountryofSan
MarinoitselfisoneofAlexDeAngelis'sponsors.Heraceswiththenumber15.
SanMarinohasaprofessionalbaseballteam,T&ASanMarino,whichplaysinthetopdivisionofItalian
professionalbaseball,theSerieA1.IthasparticipatedintheEuropeanCuptournamentforthetopEuropean
professionalbaseballteamsseveraltimes,hostingtheeventin1996,2000,2004,and2007.Itwonthe
championshipin2006andwasarunnerupin2010.[45]
ThelongclimbuptothetopofSanMarinohasbecomeameccaforthousandsofrecreationalroadcyclists
whotraininnearbyMisanoeveryspringandautumn.
SanMarinohashadlittlesuccessattheOlympicGames,winningnomedals.Atthe2004and2008games,
threeclaytargetshootersachievedthehighestpositions.AlessandraPerillicameclosesttowinningSan
Marino'sfirstevermedalintheWomen'sTrapfinalatLondon2012,finishinginathreewaytiefor2nd
place,butwasthefirsttomissintheshootoffmeaningshefinished4th.Inthissport,SanMarinoalso
hostedacompetitioninthe2009ISSFWorldCup.

Cuisine
Mainarticle:CuisineofSanMarino
ThecuisineofSanMarinoisextremelysimilartoItalian,especiallythatoftheadjoiningEmiliaRomagna
andMarcheregions,butithasanumberofitsownuniquedishesandproducts.Itsbestknownisprobablythe
TortaTreMonti("CakeoftheThreeMountains"or"CakeoftheThreeTowers"),awaferlayeredcake
coveredinchocolatedepictingTheThreeTowersofSanMarino.Thecountryalsohasasmallwineindustry.

UNESCO
ThesiteSanMarino:HistoricCentreandMountTitanobecamepartoftheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin
2008.Thedecisionwastakenduringthe32ndSessionoftheUNESCOWorldHeritageCommittee
composedof21CountriesconvenedinQubec,Canada.

Music
Mainarticles:MusicofSanMarinoandSanMarinointheEurovisionSongContest

Thecountryhasalongandrichmusicaltradition,closelylinkedto
thatofItaly,butwhichisalsohighlyindependentinitself.Inthe17th
century,composersliketheSammarineseFrancescoMariaMarinidi
Pesarowrotesomeofthefinestpiecesoftheera.
SanMarinohastakenpartintheEurovisionSongContestfivetimes,
achievingitsfirstfinalin2014.

Publicholidaysandfestivals

Apiadina,adishcharacteristicofthe
ItalianregionofRomagnaandofits
enclaveofSanMarino

Date

Name

Explanation

1January NewYear'sDay

Festivalmarkingthebeginningofthenewyear.

6January Epiphany

CommemoratesthevisitofthethreeWiseMenormagitothe
infantJesus.

5
February

CommemorationofSt.Agatha,PatronessoftheRepublic,as
wellasliberationfromforeignrule.

FeastofSaintAgatha

variable* Easter

ResurrectionofJesus.

variable
**

MondayafterEasterday.

EasterMonday

25March AnniversaryoftheArengo

AnniversaryoftheArengoandtheFestadelleMilizie(Feastof
theMilitants).

1May

LabourDay

Celebrationofworkersandemployees.

variable
***

CorpusDomini

CommemorationofthebodyandbloodofJesusChrist.

28July

LiberationfromFascism

CommemorationofthefalloftheSammarineseFascistParty.

15August Ferragosto(Assumption)

CommemorationoftheVirginMary'sassumptionintoheaven.

3
TheFeastofSanMarinoand NationalfeastofSanMarino,celebratingtheoriginofthe
September theRepublic
Republicin301.
1
AllSaints'Day
November

Feastdedicatedtoallsaints.

2
Commemorationofallthose
November whodiedatwar

RemembranceofallthosewhogavetheirlivesforSanMarinoin
war.

8
ImmaculateConception
December

RemembranceoftheVirginMary'sconceptionwithoutoriginal
sin.

24
ChristmasEve
December

DaybeforethecommemorationofthebirthofJesus.

25
Christmas
December

BirthofJesus.

26
St.Stephen'sDay
December

CommemorationofthedeathofSaintStephen,thefirstChristian
martyr.

31
NewYear'sEve
December

Celebrationwhichclosesandmarkstheendoftheyear.

*Easter:thefirstSundayafterthefullmoonandtheMarchequinox
**EasterMonday:theMondayafterEasterday
***CorpusDomini:thefirstThursdayafterTrinitySunday

Seealso
AssociazioneGuideEsploratoriCattoliciSammarinesi
Citystate
TelecommunicationsinSanMarino
IndexofSanMarinorelatedarticles
OutlineofSanMarino
Lupinthe3rd(2015TVseries)

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Externallinks
GeographicdatarelatedtoSanMarino
(http://www.openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/54624)at
OpenStreetMap

WikimediaCommonshas
mediarelatedtoSan
Marino.

ChiefofStateandCabinetMembers
Wikivoyagehasatravel
(https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/worldleaders
guideforSanMarino.
1/worldleaderss/sanmarino.html)
SecretaryofStateforExternalRelationsandPolitics
Wikisourcehasthetextof
(http://www.esteri.sm/)
TheNewStudent's
SanMarino(https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the
ReferenceWorkarticle
worldfactbook/geos/sm.html)entryatTheWorldFactbook
SanMarino.
SanMarino
(http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/sanmarino.htm)
fromUCBLibrariesGovPubs
SanMarino(https://www.dmoz.org/Regional/Europe/San_Marino)atDMOZ
SanMarinoprofile(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/worldeurope17842338)fromtheBBCNews
WikimediaAtlasofSanMarino
SanMarino(http://www.sanmarinosite.com/)SanMarinoTourismSite
MeteoSanMarino(http://www.meteosanmarino.com/)NationalCenterOfMeteorologyand
ClimatologyofSanMarino,LocalForecastandWebcams
MuseidiStatodellaRepubblicadiSanMarino(http://www.museidistato.sm/Museo_trad/index.htm)
HistoryofSanMarino:PrimaryDocuments
(http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_San_Marino:_Primary_Documents)fromEUdocs
SanMarino(http://www.allcountries.eu/sanmarino.htm)fromallcountries.eu
VisitSanMarino(http://www.visitsanmarino.com/)OfficialSanMarinoTourismSiteContrada
Omagnano
(Italian)GeneralinformationofSanMarino:Politics,Institutionsandveryother
(http://www.sanmarinokey.com/)
SanMarino:excerptfroma1769Guidebook
(http://crtpesaro.altervista.org/Cultura%20e%20Storia/Province%20Italiane/San%20Marino,%20a%20
1769%20Guide.php)
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Marino&oldid=681664299"
Categories: SanMarino CountriesinEurope CountriesthatareenclavesofItaly
Countriescompletelysurroundedbyonlyonecountry Diarchies
Italianspeakingcountriesandterritories Landlockedcountries Liberaldemocracies
MemberstatesoftheCouncilofEurope MemberstatesoftheUnitedNations Republics
Romancecountriesandterritories Statesandterritoriesestablishedin301 Enclaves

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