Integumentary system

Abrasion mechanism friction or skin friction

Blister: collection of fluid between the dermis and the epidermis by an intense but
short-lived pressure.
Nail or heloma: conical painful thickening of the stratum corneum of the skin,
mainly between toes and on your joints usually caused by friction or pressure.
Comedo: sebaceous material and accumulation of dead cells in the hair follicle and
in the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands.
Dermatitis freeze: Local destruction of the skin and subcutaneous tissue surfaces
exposed to extreme cold.
Contact Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, itching and
swelling caused by exposure to chemicals that produce an allergic reaction such
as poison ivy toxin.
Eczema: superficial inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, itching and
dryness and the appearance of vesicular plates. Most often it affects the skin of the
folds of the wrist.
Hemangioma: tumor localized to the skin and subcutaneous tissue as a result of
abnormal increase of blood vessels.
Wound, injury, usually on the buccal mucosa, caused by herpes simplex virus
(HSV) type 1 transmitted by oral or airway.
Callo: hard and thickened area of skin that is usually seen on the palms and soles
and it is due to persistent pressure and friction

skeletal system
Osteoarthritis: degeneration of articular cartilage, the friction resulting from a bone
against another makes the condition worse.
Osteosarcoma or osteogenic sarcoma: bone cancer that primarily affects
osteoblasts and predominates in adolescents during growth; the most affected
bones are the femur, tibia and humerus.

Osteomyelitis: bone infection characterized by high fever, sweating, chills, pain,

nausea, pus formation, edema and increased temperature in the area of the
affected bone and stiffness of local muscles.
Osteopenia: Reduced bone mass due to decreased synthesis to a level much
lower than required to compensate for normal bone resorption level.
Spinal arthrodesis: surgical procedure in which two or more vertebrae are
stabilized by a bone graft or synthetic material.
Lumbar narrow channel: narrowing of the lumbar spinal cavity due to hypertrophy
of the surrounding bone or soft tissue.
Craniosynostosis: premature closure of one or more cranial sutures during the first
18-20 months of life resulting in a deformity in the shell.
Craniotomy surgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed.
Laminectomy: A surgical procedure to resect vertebral laminae.
Whiplash: neck injury due to a hyperextension (backward movement) of the head
followed by a hyperflexion (forward movement), usually associated with a crash
from behind.

Muscular system
Volkman's contracture: shortening (contraction) of a muscle permanently due to the
replacement of dead muscle fibers of fibrous connective tissue, which lacks
extensibility.
Muscle tear: rupture of a muscle due to a strong impact accompanied bleeding and
intense pain.
Myalgia: pain associated with present or muscles.
Myoma: tumor of muscle tissue.
Miomalacia: pathological softening of muscle tissue.
Myositis inflammation of muscle fibers
Myotonia: increased excitability and muscle contractions, accompanied by lower
power relaxation; tonic muscle spasm.

Endocrine system
Virilizing adenoma: tumor of the adrenal gland that releases androgens excessively
and cause virilization in women.
Thyroid crisis (thyroid): hyperthyroidism serious condition that can be fatal.
Gynecomastia Excessive development of the mammary glands in a man.
Hirsutism: presence of excessive facial and body hair with male type distribution,
especially in women.

Nervous system
Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor composed of immature nerve cells.
Neuropathy: any disorder that affects the nervous system disorders particles
present in the cranial and spinal nerves.
Rabies: fatal disease caused by a virus that reaches the CNS through the fast
axonal transport.
Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) is an acute demyelinating disease in which
macrophages destroy myelin axons in the PNS.
Nerve block: loss of sensation in a region injecting an anesthetic drug.
Myelitis: inflammation of the spinal cord
Myelography procedure in which an X-ray or bone marrow scan is performed.
Neuralgia: painful attacks in the area distribution of one or more sensory nerves.
Neuritis inflammation of one or more nerves as a result of a process irritation
caused by direct trauma.
Paresthesia: abnormal sensation as burning, tingling, itching, or tingling resulting
from a disorder through a sensory nerve.

The senses

Ageusia: loss of taste

Amblyopia: term that is used to describe the loss of vision in the normal eye, as a
result of a vascular disorder, you can not focus on synchronously with the other
eye.
Anosmia: total absence of the sense of smell.
Barotrauma: injury or pain that mainly affects the middle ear as a result of pressure
changes.
Blepharitis eyelid swelling.
Keratitis: inflammation or infection of the cornea.
Tinnitus: buzzing or ringing in the ears.
Tonometer: an instrument for measuring pressure, especially intraocular.
Vertigo: sensation of rotation by which the outside world seems to spin, or in which
the subject feels that rotates in space.
Ptosis: fall or drop the lid (or a body sliding below its normal position

Circulatory system
Blood Bank: where are collect and store blood supplies for future use by the donor
or other individuals.
Cyanosis: pale violet-blue coloration, easily visible in the nail bed and mucous
membranes, as a result of reduced hemoglobin increased systemic circulate.
Gamma globulin solution of immunoglobulins in the blood, consisting of antibodies
that react against specific pathogens such as viruses.
Hemochromatosis: iron metabolism disorder characterized by excessive absorption
of ingested iron and excessive deposition in tissues tanned skin color.

Acute normovolemic hemodilution: extraction of blood immediately before surgery,

and its replacement with a cell-free solution to maintain a sufficient volume of
blood.
Hemorrhage: loss of large amounts of blood.
Jaundice: abnormal yellowing of the whites of the eyes, skin and mucous
membranes due to excessive bilirubin in the blood.
Whole blood, blood that contains all corpuscular elements.
Septicemia presence of toxins and pathogenic bacteria in the blood.
Thrombocytopenia low platelet count trend generates capillary bleeding.

Cardiac system
Asystole: failure myocardial contraction
Cardiomegaly: enlarged heart
Commotio cordis: heart damage
Ejection fraction: is the fraction of VFD is ejaculated during an average pulse.
Cardiomyopathy: progressive disease wherein the ventricular structure or function
is impaired.
Sudden cardiac death: cardiac arrest is due to an underlying heart disease and
ischemia.
Palpitation: heart flutter or frequency anomalies or heart rhythms perceived by the
patient.
Cardiac arrest: clinical term used to define the yields of affective heartbeat.
Paroxysmal tachycardia tapidos period heartbeats begin and end abruptly.
Cardiac Rehabilitation program includes conducting supervised exercise.

Immune system
Adenitis: enlarged, soft consistency and swollen lymph nodes

Aloinferto: transplantation between genetically different individuals, but belonging

to the same species.
Tonsillectomy: tonsillectomy
Autographs: a transplant in which its own tissue is placed in a different sector of
the body
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) is an inherited disorder, but
common in which B cells and T cells are inactive or absent.
Splenomegaly: enlarged spleen
Gamma globulin suspension consisting of blood immunoglobulin antibodies that
react against a particular pathogen.
Lymphadenopathy: sometimes painful enlarged lymph nodes as a result of an
infection.
Lymphangitis: inflation models lymphatic vessels.
Lymphedema: accumulation of lymph in the lymphatic vessels, which produces
painless edema of the limbs.
Xenograft transplants animals of different species.

Respiratory system
Sleep apnea disorder in which a person stops breathing for 10 seconds or more
while asleep repeatedly. Most often it occurs by the loss of tone of the pharyngeal
muscles allowing the collapse of the airway.
Asphyxia oxygen deficit at the low level of atmospheric oxygen or interference with
ventilation, external respiration and internal respiration.
Inhalation: Inhalation of a foreign substance such as water, food or foreign body
into the bronchial tree.
Bronchography: imaging technique used to visualize the bronchial tree using xrays.
Bronchoscopy -a visual exam of the bronchial tubes through the bronchoscope.

Bronchiectasis: chronic dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles as a result of

damage to the bronchial wall.
Dyspnea: painful or labored breathing.
Epistaxis: bleeding from the nostrils as a result of trauma, infection, allergy, tumor
or bleeding disorders.
Sputum saliva mixed with mucus and other substances from the airways that are
coughed up (removed by coughing)
Rhinitis, chronic or acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa by viruses, bacteria or
irritants.

Digestive apparatus
Achalasia: default normal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter when food
caused by abnormal functioning of the myenteric plexus swallowed.
Rumbling: thud caused by gas propulsion through the intestine.
Bulimia disorder that often affects young women, characterized by overeating.
Cirrhosis and fibrotic deformed as a result of chronic liver inflammation caused by
hepatitis.
Colitis: Inflammation of the lining of the colon and rectum in which the absorption of
water and salts is reduced.
Hernia protrusion of all or part of an organ through a membrane or wall of a cavity.
Malabsorption disorder in which nutrients are not absorbed properly.
Malocclusion: poor contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth when the mouth
is closed.
Nausea: unpleasant feeling characterized by loss of appetite that often culminates
in vomiting.
Oral ulcer: painful ulcers in the lining of the mouth that affects young people more
than men, usually between 10 and 40 can be caused by an autoimmune reaction
or food allergy.

Urinary system
Azotemia: presence of urea or other nitrogen-containing substances in the blood
Cystocele: bladder hernia
Dysuria: painful urination
Enuresis: involuntary leakage of urine after the age at which already acquired
voluntary sphincter control.
Nocturnal enuresis: emission of urine during sleep.
Stenosis: narrowing of the lumen of a duct or a gap as may occur in the ureter
organ.
Hydronephrosis: kidney swelling due to dilatation of the renal pelvis and as a result
of an obstruction to urine flow chalices.
Nephropathy: any kidney disease
Diabetic nephropathy: I disorder caused by diabetes mellitus that causes injury to
the glomeruli.
Uremia: toxic concentrations of urea in the blood caused by a serious deterioration
in kidney function.