Radio Network Planning Tool for

DVB-H / DVB-SH Broadcast

[Link]
(c) by AWE Communications

Outline

Introduction to DVB-H

Concept of the DVB-H Radio Planning Tool

Radio Channel & Wave Propagation Modelling

DVB-H System Simulation (OFDM)

DVB-H Simulation Results

Extension towards DVB-SH (Satellite)

(c) by AWE Communications

Introduction to DVB-H
Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld
Transmission in UHF band (474 858 MHz) good propagation conditions
Based on OFDM air interface
OFDM robust against multi-path fading by using long symbol duration together
with high number of sub-carriers for parallel transmission
High bandwidth of 7.61 MHz to compensate frequency selective fading
OFDM implements a guard interval to avoid inter-symbol interference
Single frequency network (SFN) operation
Time slicing to reduce receiver power consumption and also enabling a smooth
and seamless frequency handover
Forward error correction (MPE-FEC) for an improvement in C/N and
Doppler performance in mobile channels
In-depth symbol interleaver to further improve the robustness in mobile
environments and impulse noise conditions
(c) by AWE Communications

Introduction to DVB-H
OFDM Air Interface
Different transmission modes trading off mobility (robustness against Doppler)
and SFN size
Introduction of 4K mode for DVB-H as trade-off providing additional flexibility
for radio network planning
Mode

2K

4K

8K

FFT size

2048

4096

8192

Useful symbol duration [s]

224.0

448.0

896.0

Guard interval [s]

7/14/
28/56

14/28/
56/112

28/56/
112/224

Sub-carrier separation [Hz]

4464

2232

1116

Modulated sub-carriers

1705

3409

6817

Data sub-carriers

1512

3024

6048

OFDM bandwidth [MHz]

7.61

7.61

7.61

(c) by AWE Communications

Introduction to DVB-H
OFDM Air Interface
Deployment options for different transmission modes:
2K mode:
- suitable for single transmitter operation and for small SFNs with limited
transmitter distances
- provides a Doppler tolerance allowing extremely high speed reception
4K mode:
- can be used both for single transmitter operation and for small and
medium SFNs
- provides a Doppler tolerance allowing very high speed reception
8K mode:
- can be used both for single transmitter operation and for small, medium
and large SFNs
- provides a Doppler tolerance allowing high speed reception
(c) by AWE Communications

Introduction to DVB-H
Deployment Options for DVB-H
Two options to deliver Mobile TV:
Option 1: Broadcast network ...
- Usage of high towers
- Addition of repeaters
- Operating in UHF band

Option 2: Cellular network ...

- Launch of satellite (S-band)

+
+

- Re-use of cellular network

- Co-siting of repeaters

- Operating in S band
(c) by AWE Communications

Concept of the DVB-H Planning Tool

Definition of
DVB-H system:
- Tx network
- OFDM parameter
- Rx (port./mobile)

Tx channel 1

Tx channel 2
.
.
.

Wave propagation
modelling of the
radio channels

DVB-H system
simulation
Channel
profiles

DVB-H
performance:
C/N-, SNIR-maps
Tx channel n
(c) by AWE Communications

Concept of the DVB-H Planning Tool

Overview
Principles

OFDM air interface (incl. guard interval)

Downlink operation (broadcast)
Superposition of signals from different Tx
Receiver (portable, mobile, outdoor/indoor)

Configuration

Terrestrial or hybrid (incl. satellite infrastructure)

Network configuration (location, power, antennas)
Mode (2K, 4K, 8K) SNIRmin[dB] & Fd3dB[Hz]
Guard Interval (e.g. 56 s)

(c) by AWE Communications

Concept of the DVB-H Planning Tool

Graphical User Interface

(c) by AWE Communications

Wave Propagation
Radio Channel Properties
System performance depends in fundamental way on mobile radio channel
Multi-path propagation due to SFN concept as well as reflection and diffraction
Dispersion of the signal in the time domain delay spread
Consideration of guard interval requires prediction of path loss and delay
Deterministic models compute individual channel profile
Empirical models consider predefined profile (e.g. TU 6 channel)

weighted with individual path loss

In case of mobile terminals additional
time variance is superposed
Dispersion in frequency domain

Doppler spread
Degradation of C/N performance

(c) by AWE Communications

10

Wave Propagation
Available Wave Propagation Models
Wide Area Scenarios
based on

Hata-Okumura incl. knife edge diffraction model

clutter data in pixel format

topography (pixel format)

Dominant path prediction model

Two ray model with breakpoint
LMS channel model for the satellite channel

Urban/Indoor Scenarios Dominant path prediction model

based on
urban (& indoor) vector
3D ray tracing model
data of buildings
pixel data of
topography

COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami model

LMS channel model for the satellite channel

(c) by AWE Communications

11

Wave Propagation Clutter Data

Clutter Database of Paris, France

(c) by AWE Communications

12

Wave Propagation Topographical Data

Databases
Topographical Database of Stuttgart, Germany

(c) by AWE Communications

13

Wave Propagation Vector Building Data

Building Database of New York, USA

3D vector oriented database

Buildings as vertical cylinders
with polygonal ground-planes
Uniform height above street-level
Limitation to vertical walls and flat roofs
Individual material properties of building surfaces
Topography can be considered optionally
(c) by AWE Communications

14

Wave Propagation Antennas

Consideration of Antenna Patterns

Manufacturer provides 3D antenna pattern

Manufacturer provides antenna

gains in horizontal and vertical plane

Kathrein K 742212
Z
G

Bilinear interpolation of 3D antenna characteristic

G
1

G ,

12
1 2
1G 2 2G1
2
2
1 2
1 2

1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2
1 2
1 2

2G 1

(c) by AWE Communications

Theta

Ph
i

X
G
-Y

15

Wave Propagation Ray Optical Models

Deterministic Ray-Optical Wave Propagation Modelling
Based on 3-D building data in vector format
Ray tracing considers dominant characteristics
Reflection
Diffraction
Shadowing
Wave guiding
Max. number of three
interactions (refl./diffract.)

Rx
Tx

Reduced computation
time due to preprocessing

(c) by AWE Communications

16

Wave Propagation Ray Optical Models

Ray-Optical Path Loss Prediction in Stuttgart, Germany

(c) by AWE Communications

17

DVB-H System Simulation

Simulation Approach
Superposition of channel profiles from all transmitters
Consideration of link budget for each tap adaptation of power and delay
Tx power and antenna gain
processing and prop. delay
Rx properties

Satellite
Tx 1

1st Repeater
Tx 2

2nd Repeater
Tx 3

power [dBm]

Sort taps according to

increasing delay
Distinction between data
and signalling channels

Guard
Interval

Consideration of receiver

t in s
Start of Rake
Rx window

End of Rake
Rx window

Dedicated data channel

Signalling channels (common channels)
Other data channels
(c) by AWE Communications

18

DVB-H System Simulation

OFDM Receiver (Guard Interval)
OFDM implements a guard interval to avoid inter-symbol interference
Usually guard interval is chosen larger than the expected delay spread
Network architecture introduces inherent propagation delays
Sufficient size of guard interval required (according to network layout)

Weighting functions for separating multi-path

contributions in signal and interference power

C(t)

1
16-QAM constellation for a 48 sub-carrier OFDM link;
(a) delay < guard time;
(b) delay exceeds guard time by 3%;
(c) delay exceeds guard time by 10%

(c) by AWE Communications

Tg

I(t)

Ts
19

DVB-H System Simulation

OFDM Receiver (Guard Interval)
Consideration of receiver architecture
Different weighting functions for separating multi-path contributions
in signal and interference power
Weighting factor

Signal power
Interference power

DAB
0

TG

TS

time

1
DVB-T
0

TG

TS

time

TP
(c) by AWE Communications

20

DVB-H System Simulation

OFDM Receiver (Influence of Doppler)
Frequency shift due to Doppler leads to interference between OFDM sub-carriers
large sub-carrier separation (i.e. short symbol duration) required trade-off
Degradation of SNR depends on velocity of the mobile terminal (max. speed)

S-band
(c) by AWE Communications

21

DVB-H System Simulation

OFDM Receiver Performance
Doppler SNR degradation compensated to some extent by MPE-FEC (CR 3/4)
flat C/N behaviour in mobile channel up to max. shift

C/Nmin[dB] & Fd3dB [Hz]

Mod.

CR

2K

4K

Portable channel

QPSK

1/2

3.9dB

---

3.9dB

---

3.9dB

---

Mobile channel (typ. receiver)

QPSK

1/2

9.5dB

380Hz

9.5dB

190Hz

9.5dB

95Hz

Mobile channel (possible rec.)

QPSK

1/2

8.5dB

520Hz

8.5dB

260Hz

8.5dB

130Hz

(c) by AWE Communications

8K

22

DVB-H System Simulation Examples

Simulation Parameters
OFDM parameters according to ETSI DVB-H Implementation Guidelines
4K mode selected due to trade-off between mobility and SFN size
Guard interval of 56 s (T/8) sufficient for cell radii < 8.4 km
Mode

2K

4K

8K

FFT size

2048

4096

8192

Useful symbol duration [s]

224.0

448.0

896.0

Guard interval [s]

7/14/
28/56

14/28/
56/112

28/56/
112/224

Sub-carrier separation [Hz]

4464

2232

1116

Modulated sub-carriers

1705

3409

6817

Data sub-carriers

1512

3024

6048

OFDM bandwidth [MHz]

7.61

7.61

7.61

(c) by AWE Communications

23

DVB-H System Simulation Wide Area

Simulation Parameters
Architecture: 6 high power omni sites and 3 low power gap-fillers
to cover urban and suburban areas
Simulation of SFN network (synchronised)
Simulations carried out for environment of Paris
Assessment of C/N and SNIR
To be compared with target values
Depending on receiver type (portable/mobile)
Transmitter segment

Receiver segment

Number of sites
Number of sectors/site

6+3

Antenna gain

-7 dBi

Noise figure

6 dB

High Tx power (EIRP) 6 sites

70 dBm

Fading margin (sigma 5.5 dB)

for 95% location probability

9 dB

Low Tx power (EIRP) 3 sites

56 dBm

SNIR target (portable)

4 dB

Tx frequency[MHz]

602.0

SNIR target (mobile)

(c) by AWE Communications

9.5 dB
24

DVB-H Simulation Results Wide Area

Outdoor Coverage
QPSK modulation with code rate (MPE-FEC with code rate 3/4) 4.6 Mbit/s
Network incl. 6 sites with 70 dBm EIRP each and 3 gap-fillers (56 dBm EIRP)

(c) by AWE Communications

25

DVB-H Simulation Results Wide Area

Outdoor Coverage

CDF

QPSK modulation with code rate (MPE-FEC with code rate 3/4) 4.6 Mbit/s

Coverage

95%

100%

Portable Receiver SIR target = 4 dB

Mobile Receiver SIR target = 9.5 dB

(c) by AWE Communications

26

DVB-H Simulation Results Wide Area

SFN Gain
Diversity gain due to SFN approach (varying between 0 and 7.5 dB)
Compared to MFN deployment better coverage at cell borders

(c) by AWE Communications

27

DVB-H Simulation Results Wide Area

Guard Interval
Additional interference due to signal arrival after guard interval
Example in urban area for guard interval of 56 s and 28 s
Guard Interval of 56 s

Guard Interval of 28 s

(c) by AWE Communications

28

DVB-H System Simulation Urban Area

Simulation Parameters
Architecture: 3 omni sites to cover urban city center
Simulation of SFN network (synchronised)
Simulations carried out for urban environment of Milan
Assessment of C/N and SNIR
To be compared with target values
Depending on receiver type (portable/mobile)
Transmitter segment

Receiver segment

Number of sites

Antenna gain

-7 dBi

Number of sectors/site

Noise figure

6 dB

SNIR target (portable)

4 dB

Tx power (EIRP)
Tx frequency[MHz]

53 dBm
602.0

SNIR target (mobile)

(c) by AWE Communications

9.5 dB

29

DVB-H Simulation Results Urban Area

Outdoor Coverage
QPSK modulation with code rate (MPE-FEC with code rate 3/4) 4.6 Mbit/s
Network incl. 3 omni sites with 53 dBm EIRP each

(c) by AWE Communications

30

DVB-H Simulation Results Urban Area

Outdoor Coverage

CDF

QPSK modulation with code rate (MPE-FEC with code rate 3/4) 4.6 Mbit/s

88%
Coverage
97%

Portable Receiver SIR target = 4 dB

Mobile Receiver SIR target = 9.5 dB

(c) by AWE Communications

31

DVB-H Simulation Results Urban Area

SFN Gain
Diversity gain due to SFN approach (varying between 0 and 4.8 dB)
Compared to MFN deployment better coverage at cell borders

(c) by AWE Communications

32

DVB-H Simulation Results Urban Area

Guard Interval
Additional interference due to signal arrival after guard interval
Example in urban area for guard interval of 28 s and 7 s
Guard Interval of 28 s

Guard Interval of 7 s

(c) by AWE Communications

33

DVB-H Simulation Results Urban Area

Outdoor + Indoor Coverage
QPSK modulation with code rate (MPE-FEC with code rate 3/4) 4.6 Mbit/s
Network incl. 3 omni sites with 53 dBm EIRP each

(c) by AWE Communications

34

DVB-H Simulation Results Urban Area

Outdoor + Indoor Coverage
QPSK modulation with code rate (MPE-FEC with code rate 3/4) 4.6 Mbit/s

73%

CDF

Coverage

85%

Portable Receiver SIR target = 4 dB

Mobile Receiver SIR target = 9.5 dB

(c) by AWE Communications

35

Extension towards DVB-SH

DVB-SH System Overview (I)

High power
geo-stationary satellite
(S-band)

Terrestrial
repeater
(S-band)

3G handset
DVB-SH enabled
(c) by AWE Communications

36

Extension towards DVB-SH

DVB-SH System Overview (II)
DVB-SH aims to provide multimedia services to the mobile user (e.g. MobileTV)
on a cost effective way
Hybrid satellite & terrestrial infrastructure operating in the IMT2000 band

1900

IMT2000
mobile
satellite band
(S-band) 3G
Air interface

High power
Geostationary
satellite

Satellite
distribution link

FSS (Ka)
Direct link
frequency
band
Terrestrial
Indirect link
Repeaters
(IMR)

1920

1980

2010

2025

2110

2170

2200 MHz

Satellite IMT2000 FDD European allocation

Terrestrial IMT2000 FDD European allocation
Terrestrial IMT2000 TDD European allocation

IMT2000 bands allocated to MSS

Hub based
on 3G equipment

2G/3G standard
Content
providers

Interactive link
3G handset
+ satellite
features

2G/3G Mobile Network

2G/3G Base
station

Content
Network

DVB-SH system architecture

MBMS Broadcast/Multicast
Service Centre

(c) by AWE Communications

37

Extension towards DVB-SH

DVB-SH System Overview (III)
Satellite provides country-wide spot beams,
but signal blocked in urban street canyons and indoor
Terrestrial repeaters (IMR) as gap-fillers
for urban and indoor areas
15 MHz available 3 channels
5 MHz per satellite beam (frequency reuse)
10 MHz for terrestrial transmission

3G Mobile
Network

Satellite broadcast capacity of

9 TV channels @ 256 kbit/s
per 5 MHZ channel
Capacity improvement by
terrestrial network
up to 45 TV channels @ 256 kbit/s

(c) by AWE Communications

38

Extension towards DVB-SH

Concept of the DVB-SH Planning Tool
Definition of
DVB-SH system:

Satellite
channel

- Satellite segment
- Repeater segment
- User terminal seg.

Terrestrial
repeater channel 1

Wave propagation
modelling of the
radio channels

DVB-SH system
simulation
Channel
profiles

Terrestrial repeater
channel n

(c) by AWE Communications

DVB-SH
performance:
C/N-, SNIR-maps
39

Extension towards DVB-SH

Wave Propagation Models for Satellites
3D Ray-Optical Model (for urban areas based on 3D building data & topo data)
Empirical Land Mobile Satellite channel model (based on clutter & topo data)

Scenario for Measurement Validation: Monaco

(c) by AWE Communications

40

Extension towards DVB-SH

Validation of Ray-Optical Model in Monaco

Scenario Information

3D view of database

Number of buildings

1511

Topo. difference

646 m

Resolution

10 m

Transmitter

17.0 m, 31.0 dBm, 2.2 GHz

Prediction height

1.5 m

(c) by AWE Communications

41

Extension towards DVB-SH

Validation of Ray-Optical Model in Monaco
Import of measurement data from DVB-SH trial network
Separate measurements for satellite emulator and hybrid network
incl. satellite emulator and terrestrial repeater
Measurements in the frame of the European project MAESTRO

(c) by AWE Communications

42

Extension towards DVB-SH

Validation of Ray-Optical Model in Monaco
Predictions for transmitter location 1

Prediction with COST 231

Walfisch-Ikegami

Prediction with 3D Ray

Tracing

(c) by AWE Communications

Prediction with Urban

Dominant Path

43

Extension towards DVB-SH

Validation of Ray-Optical Model in Monaco
Differences for measurement route 50

Difference between
prediction with COST
231 Walfisch-Ikegami
and measurements

Difference between
prediction with 3D Ray
Tracing and
measurements

(c) by AWE Communications

Difference between
prediction with Urban
Dominant Path and
measurements

44

Extension towards DVB-SH

Validation of Ray-Optical Model in Monaco
Statistical evaluations for all measurements routes
Statistical Results
Route

COST 231 WalfischIkegami

Mean
Value
[dB]

Std.
Dev.
[dB]

50

-18.71

5.74

52

-20.12

8.09

58

-25.28

9.04

Avg

-21.37

7.62

Comp.
Time
[s]

3D Ray Tracing

Mean
Value
[dB]

Std.
Dev.
[dB]

-2.94

4.36

0.08

4.97

-0.60

4.87

-1.15

4.73

Urban Dominant Path

Comp.
Time
[s]

141

141

Mean
Value
[dB]

Std.
Dev.
[dB]

-4.73

3.92

-1.94

6.17

-0.23

4.09

-2.30

4.73

Comp.
Time
[s]

37

37

A standard PC with an AMD Athlon64 2800+ processor and 1024 MB of RAM

was used to determine the computation times
(c) by AWE Communications

45

Extension towards DVB-SH

Ray-Optical Model for Satellite
Prediction of satellite (geostationary) coverage in Milan based on building data

(c) by AWE Communications

46

Extension towards DVB-SH

Empirical Wideband LMS Channel Model
Provides typical profiles of the Land Mobile Satellite channel in 2 GHz band
Based on the evaluation of measurement data
LMS model (satellite channel) described in different publications of DLR
Alternative to the deterministic ray-optical model (for wide/rural scenarios)
Channel profile depending on satellite elevation angle and environment
Urban
Suburban
Rural
Superposition of three sub-models leads to channel profile
Direct path
Near echoes
Far echoes

(c) by AWE Communications

47

Extension towards DVB-SH

Empirical Wideband LMS Channel Model
LOS probability of satellite link depending on defined clutter

assuming LOS prob. of 100% for open, 67% for forest, 33% for suburban
and 0% for urban

(c) by AWE Communications

48

Extension towards DVB-SH

Clutter Database of Paris, France

(c) by AWE Communications

49

Extension towards DVB-SH

Empirical Wideband LMS Channel Model
Prediction of satellite coverage around Paris based on clutter & topo data

(c) by AWE Communications

50

Extension towards DVB-SH

Simulation Parameters
Architecture: Satellite beam plus terrestrial repeater hybrid network
Simulation of SFN network (satellite feeds terrestrial repeaters) in 2K mode
Simulations carried out for environment of Paris
Assessment of C/N and SNIR
To be compared with target values
Depending on receiver type (portable/mobile)
Satellite segment
Orbital height [km]

Repeater segment
36000

User terminal segment

Number of sites

14

Antenna gain

0 dBi

Polarisation loss

3 dB

Noise figure

5 dB

SNIR target (portable)

4 dB

Longitude

10 East

No. of sectors/site

EIRP

95 dBm

Tx power (EIRP)

Interbeam C/I

12 dB

Tx height

Tx frequency[MHz]

2197.5

Tx frequency[MHz]

43 dBm
35 m
2197.5

(c) by AWE Communications

SNIR target (mobile)

9.5 dB

51

Extension towards DVB-SH

Outdoor Coverage for Hybrid Network
QPSK modulation with code rate (MPE-FEC with code rate 3/4) 2.3 Mbit/s
GEO satellite with 95 dBm EIRP plus homogeneous repeaters with 43 dBm EIRP

(c) by AWE Communications

52

Extension towards DVB-SH

Outdoor Coverage for Hybrid Network
QPSK modulation with code rate (MPE-FEC with code rate 3/4) 2.3 Mbit/s
77%

CDF

Coverage

96%

Portable Receiver SIR target = 4 dB

Mobile Receiver SIR target = 9.5 dB

(c) by AWE Communications

53

Customers and Partners

Customers of DVB-H/DVB-SH Planning Tool
(alphabetical order)

(c) by AWE Communications

54

Conclusions
DVB-H Radio Network Planning Tool (also applicable for DVB-SH)
Based on Accurate Wave Propagation Modelling with
Ray-Optical and Empirical Models (Considering Propagation Delay)
DVB-H System Simulation Considering OFDM Guard Interval
Simulation Results for DVB-H based System
DVB-H Network Deployment

(c) by AWE Communications

55

Further Information

[Link]
(c) by AWE Communications

56