GSB X | Science And Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution

Gujarat State Board

Class X Science and Technology
Sample Paper 1 Solution
PART A
1. (c) Fatty acids and glycerol.
Fats are broken down in the small intestine by the action of bile salts into small
globules; later they are broken down further by the enzyme lipase.
2. (c) Temperature.
When temperature in the environment increases, more water is lost from the surface of
leaves.
3. (d) Transpiration.
Transpiration is the process by which excess water is lost from the aerial parts of the
plant. This loss of water from the top part of the plant causes a pull to be generated that
helps the roots to absorb water from the soil, which is transported to the leaves through
the xylem.
4. (d) Pituitary.
The faulty functioning of pituitary gland can make a person very short (Dwarfism) or
very tall (Gigantism) due to low or over secretion, respectively, of the growth hormone.
5. (c) Adventitious roots are developed on the shoot.
In the process of layering, a part of the stem is buried under the soil; this part later
develops adventitious roots and the shoot grows into a new independent plant.
6. (b) The Egg will not be able to reach the uterus.
To prevent pregnancy in females, quite often the fallopian tube is blocked by surgery
due to which the egg released by the ovary is not able to reach the uterus and hence,
fertilization does not occur.
7. (a) only dominant traits are expressed.
In Mendelian experiment, when two plants having different genetic make-up i.e. tall
plant (TT) and dwarf plants (tt) are crossbred, then in the F 1 generation the progeny of
new plants will express only the dominant traits i.e. tallness.

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8. (b) Sexual reproduction.

The process of sexual reproduction allows intermixing of characters of both the parents
and hence, there are more chances of successful variations in the new generation.
9. (c) Slightly larger leaves.
Selecting and breeding wild cabbage plants with slightly larger leaves gave rise to the
leafy vegetable called kale.
10. (a) 100000.
One atom of chlorine can decompose 100000 molecules of ozone; by removing an atom
of oxygen from ozone one by one.
11. (b) 310-200 nm.
The ozone layer absorbs UV radiation in the range of 310-200 nm wavelength.
12. (a) Khejri trees.
Amrita Devi Bishoni sacrificed her life for the conservation of Khejri trees in Khejarli
village in Rajasthan in 1731.
13. (c) 441.
According to the report of 2010, India has a total of 88 national parks and 441 wildlife
sanctuaries.
14. (d) All of the above.
We must conserve natural resources and all possible measures must be adopted to save
non-renewable natural resources so as to conserve them for future generations.
15. (a) Round worm.
Organisms that live in or on a host organism and derive their nutrition from them are
known as parasites and their nutrition is called parasitic nutrition. Round worm is a
parasite as it lives in the body of the host and derives its nutrition from it and harms the
host organism.
16. (a) ACTH.
ACTH (Adreno Cortico Tropic Hormone) regulates the release of hormones from the
adrenal gland.
17. (b) SO3Na
The functional group present in detergent is SO3Na.
18. (a) LiAlH4
Ketones are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a reducing agent like LiAlH4.
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19. (a) Alkyl group

Alkyl group containing a long chain of carbon atoms is hydrophobic in nature.
20. (d) HCl
An acid is a substance which produces hydrogen ion (H+) in its aqueous solution.
HCl(l) H+ (aq) + Cl-(aq)
21. (a) Al
Aluminium and zinc are amphoteric metals.
22. (d) Fe(OH)3
Sodium hydroxide reacts with salt like ferric chloride to form ferric hydroxide.
FeCl3 + NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
23. (c)Iron [III] oxide
Chemical name of haematite is Iron[III] oxide.
24. (d) 99.999%
The purity of a metal obtained by zone refining is 99.999%.
25. (c) NaAlO2
NaAlO2 is the chemical formula of sodium aluminate.
26. (b) Sulphurous acid
Sulphurous acid
SO2(g) + H2O(l) H2SO3(l)
27. (d) Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide shows neither acidic nor basic behaviour, so it is a neutral oxide.
28. (b) Neutral
The nature of dry ammonia is Neutral in nature.
29. (c) Zinc chloride
Zinc chloride is formed as a by-product in the laboratory preparation of hydrogen gas.
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
(dilute)
30. (b) Methane
Methane contributes towards green house effect.

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31. (d) All the above

Natural gas is a clean fuel used in manufacture of chemicals and fertilizers.
32. (a) Pipeline
Natural gas is very easily transported through pipes.
33. (d) Forms a salt, water and carbon dioxide when reacted with carbonate.
Ethanoic acid forms salt, water, and carbon dioxide when reacted with carbonate. All
acids possess this property.
34. (d) 200.
1 nm 109 m Therefore, 2 1011 nm 200 m
35. (a) H = I2Rt.
According to Joules law, if the current flowing through a resistor R for time t is I, then
the heat energy produced in it is given by H = I2Rt
36. (c) +25 cm.
1
P
f
1 1
f 0.25 m
P 4
or f 25 cm
37. (d) 4 V.
W
V
Q
16 J
=
4C
V 4 V
38. (a) Violet.
In a transparent medium, the velocity of violet coloured light is the minimum amongst
all the other colours and so, violet colour light deviates the most during dispersion of
white light through a prism.
39. (d) Perpendicular into the page.
The direction of current is opposite to the direction of flow of electrons. Thus, using
Fleming's left hand rule, we get the direction of force on electron to be into the paper.

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40. (a) Flemings right hand rule

According to Flemings right hand rule, the direction of the centre finger indicates the
direction of the induced electric current.
41. (c) Jupiter.
Jupiter has more than 60 moons around it.
42. (c) Mars.
The Poles of Mars are covered with dry ice.
43. (b) Medium Q.
Medium Q has the least absolute refractive index and is optically the least dense
amongst all. The speed of light is more in a less optically denser medium.
44. (d) Blue and magenta.
Blue and magenta are not pairs of complementary colours.
45. (c) Volt.
Volt invented the first simple battery.
46. (c) 2 .
1
1
1
1
=

Rp
R1 R2 R3
1
1 1 1
=
Rp
3 9 18
1
1
=
Rp
2
Rp = 2

47. (a) Convex lens.

A convex lens is used to correct hypermetropia.

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48. (b) Between P and F.

49. (d) Thermal effect of electric current.

In a water heater, electrical energy is converted into heat energy which is then used to
heat water.
50. (b) 9.46 X 1012
1 light year = 9.46 X 1012km

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PART B
SECTION-A
1. Future challenges using Nanotechnology are as follows:
i. Environment problems can be solved.
ii. Efficiency of renewable sources can be greatly improved.
iii. It may help to grow life in outer space/planet.
iv. It helps in sustaining the planet for future generation.
OR
The electrical properties of carbon nano-tubes are as follows:
Metallic nanotubes can carry current of the order of 109 A per cm2 cross-section.
This is 1000 times more than copper.
MWNT also shows superconductivity up to 12 K.
Thermal properties of carbon nano-tubes:
Carbon nano-tubes have good thermal conductivity along their length.
Nano-tubes are good insulators along the axis.
2. Arrhenius acid is a substance containing hydrogen which produces hydrogen ion (H +) in
its aqueous solution, and Arrhenius base is a substance containing hydroxide which
produces hydroxide ion (OH-) in its aqueous solution.
OR
In a neutral aqueous solution, the concentration of [H3O+] and [OH-] at 298 K
temperature is 1x 10-7 M.
The formula of pH = -log10[H3O+] and pOH = -log10[OH-]. Thus, according to the
formulas, the value of pH is 7 and pOH is also 7.
3. The opening and closing of stomata is controlled by guard cells. When water flows into
guard cells, they swell, curve and cause the stomata to open. When the guard cells loses
water, they shrink, straighten and the stomata closes.
4. Let the resistance of the combination of R2, R3 and R4 be x, then
1
1
1

x R2 + R3 R 4
1
1

3+3 3
1 1
=
6 3
1 1

x 2
x 2
=

Equivalent resistance of the circuit = R1 x + R5= 3 + 2 + 3 = 8

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5. The magnetic field produced at the centre of a current carrying loop depends on:
Magnitude of the current passing through the loop
Number of turns of the loop
The radius of the loop
SECTION-B
6. The celestial self-luminous objects which produce energy on their own in the form of
radiation due to the thermo-nuclear fusion process are called stars.
Stars are hot spheres of gases like hydrogen and helium.
They seem to be permanent in nature but they are born, they grow and eventually,
they die.
The sun like stars die as white dwarfs while those larger than the sun die like
neutron stars or end up in black holes.
Stars having blue colour have the maximum surface temperature and those having
red colour have the lowest surface temperature.
The physical characteristic of stars is such that their colour and surface
temperature depends on their phases. Thus, the physical characteristics of stars
change with time.
7. Acid contains H+ ions. To liberate H2 from an acid, it is essential to provide electron to
an H+ ion. However, non-metals have a tendency to accept electrons. Hence, they cannot
provide electrons to an H+ ion and so H2 cannot be liberated from an acid.
8. The age at which males and females mature sexually is called puberty. The beginning of
puberty is characterized by production of gametes (eggs and sperms), maturity of sex
organs and a number of visible changes in both males and females.
OR
In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell out of which one pair is of
sex chromosomes i.e. XX in females and XY in males. So, females produce one type of
ovum having X chromosome, while males produce two types of sperms 50% having X
chromosome and 50% having Y chromosome. So, it solely depends on the chromosome,
the sperm is carrying at the time of fertilization. Therefore, the sex of the child depends
on the sperm.
9. Food chains are of two main types:
i. Grazing food chain: This type of food chain begins with chlorophyll containing
photosynthetic plants and moves up through herbivores, carnivores and
decomposers.
ii. Detritus food chain: This food chain begins with decomposers feeding on dead and
decaying organic matter and passes through detritus feeding organisms in the soil
to organisms feeding on detritus feeders.

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10. A solenoid is a coil of a large number of circular turns of a wire which is wrapped in the
shape of a cylinder. On passing electric current, a magnetic field is developed along the
axis of a solenoid. The magnetic field lines have been drawn as follows.

SECTION-C
11. Preparation of coke: Coke is prepared by destructive distillation of mineral coal. The
portion that is left out in the tube containing mineral coal is called coke.
Properties of coke: 1) Coke is a black-brown coloured hard and porous substance. 2) It
contains 80% carbon.
Uses of coke: 1) Coke is used in the preparation of water gas (a mixture of carbon
monoxide and hydrogen). 2) Its main use as reducing agent is to obtain metal from
metal oxide.
12. The uses of methanol are as follows:
1. The aqueous solution of methanol (formalin) is antiseptic and so, is used to preserve
residues of dead animals.
2. Methanal is used as a raw material in plastic industry. Methanal is used as a
monomer in preparation of Bakelite, melamine plastic etc.
3. Methanal is used for making dyes, phenol and formaldehyde fibres (Polymer).
4. The resin known as urea formaldehyde (UF) resin is prepared from urea and
formaldehyde, which is used as foam.
OR
The substances obtained from non-living sources are called inorganic substances.
For example: CuSO4, NaCl, PbS etc.
The substances obtained from plants and animals i.e. living sources are called
organic substances.
For example: Amino acids, proteins etc.

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13. Urine is formed by three processes - glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and
tubular secretion.
i. Glomerular filtration: Filtration of blood takes place in Bowman's capsule from the
capillaries of glomerulus. The filtrate passes into the tubular part of the nephron. It
contains glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, salts and a major amount of water.
ii. Tubular reabsorption: As the filtrate flows along the tubule, useful substances such
as glucose, amino acids, salts and water are selectively reabsorbed into the blood by
capillaries surrounding the nephron tubule.
iii. Tubular secretion: The filtrate which remains after reabsorption is called urine.
14. The category stakeholders include:
i. Firstly, all those people who either live in forests or nearby forests, and are
dependent on them to meet each and every requirement.
ii. Second is the Forest Department run by the Government and hence, is responsible
for controlling land and other resources of forests.
iii. Third category includes all industrialists who are dependent on trees to obtain raw
materials.
iv. Lastly, all those people who actively take part in conservation of wild life and
natural resources.
15. During sunrise and sunset, the sun is red in colour; while at noon, the Sun appears
white. At the time of sunrise and sunset, the Sun is near the horizon. The rays from the
Sun have to travel a much larger part of the atmosphere to reach an observer on the
earth. So, most of the blue light is scattered away. The red colour which has the largest
wavelength is scattered the least and enters into our eyes. Hence, the Sun appears red
at the time of sunrise and sunset. At noon, the sun is nearly overhead. The sunlight has
to pass through a much smaller portion of Earth's atmosphere. Thus, the scattering is
lesser and hence, the Sun looks white.

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SECTION-D
16.

The figure above shows that formation of a real, inverted and diminished image AB of
the object AB placed beyond the centre of curvature at a distance u from the convex
lens. Let v be the image distance.
According to Cartesian sign convention,
Object distance (OB) = -u
Image distance (OB) = +v
Focal length (OF1 = OF2) = +f
From geometry of figure above, right angle ABO and ABO are similar.
AB OB

v.................(i )
A'B' OB'
From geometry of figure above, right angle ODF2 and BAF2 are similar.
OD OF2

A'B' F2 B '

AB OF2

A'B' F2 B '

OF2
AB

A'B' OB' - OF2

OD = AB, are the opposite sides of ABOD

AB
f

....................................(ii)
A'B'
v-f
From (i) and (ii),

u
f

v v-f
-u (v - f) = vf
-

-uv + uf = vf
Dividing each term by uvf,

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1
1
1
+ =
f
v
u
1 1
1
=
v u
f
This equation is called the 'Lens formula'.
-

17. The froth flotation method can be explained as follows:

The froth floatation method is used for concentration of the ores of those metals
whose ores are in sulphide form. The concentration of sulphide ores of copper, lead
and zinc metal are carried out by this method. In this method, water and the fine
powder of the ore are filled in a big vessel.
Substances like pine, or turpentine oil are added to it. The sulphide particles of
metals get wet and stick to it, while clay, particles of sand, do not get wet. In this
liquid mixture, air is passed with pressure through a tube.
Hence, froth is produced around light particles of the sulphide ore and comes on the
surface of the liquid mixture. Heavy particles like clay, sand etc. become wet by
water and settled down at the bottom. The sulphide ore of metal is removed with
sieves in a second vessel and washed with water. By this method, ores like copper
pyrites are concentrated and clay, sand etc. are removed.

OR
The method of electrolysis of refining metal can be explained as follows:
Metals like copper, zinc, gold and silver are refined by this method. In this method,
the rod of impure metal is taken as anode and the rod of pure metal is taken as
cathode. The aqueous solution of salt of the metal is used as electrolyte.
On passing electric current through electrolyte, anode dissolves in the electrolyte.
The metal in the proportion of being obtained by the dissolution of anode is added
to the electrolyte, the same proportion of metal is being deposited at the cathode. As
there is no impurity in the metal deposited at the cathode, it is very pure.
Out of the impurities added to the electrolyte by dissolution of anode, soluble
impurities remain in the solution and insoluble impurities are collected at the
bottom of the anode. It is called anodic mud.
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If copper is refined by this method, then rod of impure copper is arranged as anode
and the rod of pure copper is arranged as cathode. The aqueous solution of copper
sulphate is taken as electrolyte. A little dilute sulphuric acid is added to it.
When electric current is passed through the electrolyte, the proportion in which
copper from anode is dissolved in aqueous solution of copper sulphate, copper in
the same proportion from copper sulphate solution is deposited at the cathode.
Thus, the copper deposited at the cathode in this way has almost 100 % purity.

Anode (Positive pole): Cu(s) (Impure) Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- (oxidation)

Anode (Negative pole): Cu2+ (aq) +2e- Cu (s) (reduction)
_____________________________________________________
Net reaction:
Cu(s) (Impure) Cu (s) (Pure)

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18.
Natural selection - Owing to natural selection, individuals in a population which is welladapted to a particular set of environmental conditions have an advantage. The
advantage comes in the form of survival and reproductive success ("survival of the
fittest").
Genetic drift- Alteration in gene frequency by chance factor i.e. accidental survival of a
particular type of beetle.
Example:
There is variation in traits. For example, some beetles are green and some are brown
There is differential reproduction. Since the environment can't support unlimited
population growth, not all individuals get to reproduce to their full potential. In this
example, green beetles tend to get eaten by birds and survive to reproduce less often
than brown beetles do.

There is heredity. The surviving brown beetles have brown baby beetles because this
trait has a genetic basis.

End result: The more advantageous trait, brown coloration, which allows the beetle to
have more offspring, becomes more common in the population. If this process
continues, eventually, all individuals in the population will be brown.

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OR

Sectional view of human heart

Reoxygenation of blood:
The deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body enters the right auricle and is
sent to the right ventricle. From here, the blood is pumped through the pulmonary
artery to the lungs for reoxygenation. In lungs, the deoxygenated blood gives up carbon
dioxide and absorbs oxygen from the air inhaled.

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