Chapter 10 Solution of Triangles

Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
SMK Agama Arau, Perlis
Chapter 10-Solution Of Triangles
CHAPTER 10- SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES
10.1 SINE RULE

10.1.1 Verifying the sine rule
A
(1)
a D
A
h
= sin B
c
h = c sin B
c
h
A
h
= sin C
b
h = b sin C
b
h
D
Compare
and
b sin C = c sin B
sin B sin C
b
c
=
or
=
b
c
sin B sin C
Page | 132

(2)
A
c
E
b
A
t
= sin A
c
t = c sin A
c
E
B
E
t
Compare
a
1
and
t
= sin C
a
t = c sin C
c sin A = a sin C
sin A sin C
a
c
=
or
=
a
c
sin A sin C
From the first solution we know that
sin B sin C
b
c
=
or
=
b
c
sin B sin C
From the second solution we know that
sin A sin C
a
c
=
or
=
a
c
sin A sin C
Hence,
or
sin A sin B sin C

=
=
a
b
c
or
a
b
c
=
=
sin A sin B sin C
Page | 133

10.1.2 Using the sine rule

Example 1:
60
40
5cm
The diagram above shows a triangle ABC.

Calculate
(a) the length of BC
(b) the length of AC
Solution:
From the given information, we know that
ACB = 180 60 40
= 80
(a) Using the sine rule,
BC
5
=
sin 60 sin 80
5 sin 60
BC =
sin 80
= 4.3969cm
(b) Using the sine rule,
AC
5
=
sin 40 sin 80
5 sin 40
BC =
sin 80
= 3.2635cm
Page | 134

Example 2:
C
135
8cm
12cm
The diagram above shows a triangle ABC.

Calculate
(a) BAC
(b) the length of AC
(a) Using the sine rule,
sin BAC sin 135

=
8
12
8 sin 135
sin BAC =
12
= 0.4714
BAC = sin 1 (0.4714)
= 288'
(b) At first, calculate the angle ABC
ABC = 180 135 288'

= 1652'
Using the sine rule,
AC
12
=
sin 1652' sin 135
12 sin 1652'
AC =
sin 135
= 4.9239cm
Page | 135

EXERCISE 10.1
1. ABC is a triangle where AB = 12cm , AC = 8cm and ABC = 30 . Find two possible values of
CAB
2. In diagram below, KLM is a straight line.
J
20cm
12cm
8cm
Calculate
(a) JLK
(b)
LJM
3. In diagram below, ABC and BED are straight lines, E is the mid-point of BD.
6.6cm
B
E
9.8cm
A
Given that sin CBD = 0.7 , calculate
(a) the length of BC
(b) BEA
4. Find the value of in each of the following triangles.
(a)
(b)
P
4.4cm
35
6cm
6.7 cm
40
9cm
R
Page | 136

10.2 AN AMBIGUOUS CASE
C
b
B1
B2
An ambiguous case occurs when A , length of AC are fixed. While a < b.
There are two possible triangles that can be constructed.
C
C
b
a
A
Example:
ABC is a triangle with A = 28 . AB= 14 cm and BC= 9cm. Solve the triangle.
B
14cm
9cm
28
Solution:
B
14cm
9cm
9cm
28
C1
C2
To solve the triangle, we have to find ABC , ACB and the length of AC.
There are two possible triangles that can be constructed.
Page | 137

B
B
?
14cm
14cm
9cm
9cm
28 ?
28
sin ACB sin 28

=
14
9
14 sin 28
sin ACB =
9
= 0.7303
ACB = 4655'
For another one triangle,
ACB = 180 4655'

= 1335'
B
B
?
14cm
14cm
9cm
28 1335'
28
9cm
4655'
?
ABC = 180 4655'28 , 180 1055'28

= 1055' , = 1855'
AC
9
AC
9
=
=
,
sin 1855' sin 28
sin 1055' sin 28
9 sin 1855'
9 sin 1055'
AC =
AC =
sin 28
sin 28
= 16.2149cm
= 18.51cm
Page | 138

EXERCISE 10.2
1. Diagram below shows triangle PQR.
6.2cm
130
Q
4.8cm
Calculate:
(a) the length of PQ
(b) The new length of PR if the lengths PQ, QR and QPR are maintained.
2. Diagram below shows two triangles ABC and CDE. The two triangles are joined at C such that AE and
BD are straight lines. The CED is an obtuse angle.
A
7cm
4cm
9cm
5cm
C
6.5cm
E
(a) Calculate
(i) ACB
(ii) DEC
(b) The straight line CE is extended to F such that DE = DF.
Find the area of triangle CDF.
Page | 139

10.3 COSINE RULE

10.3.1 Verifying the cosine rule
A
c
ax
x
D
a
A
x
= cos B
c
x = c cos B
c
h
c 2 = x 2 + h2
A
b 2 = h 2 + (a x ) 2
b
= h 2 + a 2 + x 2 2ax
= a 2 + h 2 + x 2 2ax
ax
Substitute
C
1
and
into
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2a(c cos B)
Hence,
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2 bc cos A
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos B
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos C
Page | 140

EXERCISE 10.3
1. Given a triangle ABC, AB = 7.3 cm, AC = 9.3 cm and CAB = 65 . Calculate the length of BC.
2. Given a triangle PQR, PQ = 7 cm, QR = 9 cm and PR = 15 cm. Calculate the length of PQR .
3. Diagram below shows a triangle PQR.
Q
10cm
12cm
R
13cm
Calculate PQR .
4. In diagram below, KMN is an equilateral triangle. H is the midpoint of KN and KL = 8 cm.
8cm
H
L
M
12cm
Caclulate
(a) the length of LH
(b) KLH
5.
P
12cm
8cm
S
x
Q
10.7cm
In diagram above, calculate

(a) the length of PR
(b) the value of x.
Page | 141
10.4 AREA OF TRIANGLE

A
The formula for area of triangle that is
1
base height can only be used in
2
situation where there is right angle triangle.

In the situations that the triangle is not a
right-angled triangle, we cannot use the
formula.
h
B
h
b
h = b sin C
h
SinA =
AB
h = C sin B
1
Area = a h
2

SinC =
Substitute
into
1
a b sin C
2
1
= ab sin C
2
Area =
Substitute
into
This formula can be used to find the area of

all types of triangle as long as there is
enough information given. The sine of an
angle is multiplied by the length of line that
joining to form the angle. For example, sine
A is multiply by AB and AC that are the lines
that joining to form the angle A.
1
a c sin B
2
1
= ac sin B
2
Area =
Hence,
1
ab sin C
2
1
Area = ac sin B
2
1
Area = bc sin A
2
Area =
Page | 142

EXERCISE 10.4
1. PQR is a triangle where PQ = 7.3 cm, QR = 9.6 cm and PR = 14.7 cm.
Calculate
(a) the area of PQR
(b) the height of P from QR
2.
10.9cm
8.2cm
C
6.4cm
In diagram above, calculate the area of triangle ABC.

3. In diagram below, BCD is a straight line.
10.6cm
6.5cm
73
Calculate
5.7cm
(a) ACD
(b) the length of AB
(c) the area of ABC
CHAPTER REVIEW EXERCISE
1. A
The diagram shows a triangle ABC.

(a) If the length of PQ and PR and the size of ACB are
maintained, sketch and label another triangle
different from ABC in the figure.
9.2cm
6.5cm
(b) Calculate the two possible values of BC.
33
Page | 143

2.
40
10cm
S
6cm
15cm
In diagram above, sin PSR =
5
where PSR is an obtuse angle. Calculate
6
(a) the length of PR, correct to two decimal places

(b) PQR
(c) the area of the whole diagram
3. Diagram below shows triangle ABC and triangle AED. AEC is a straight line.
A
5cm
8.5cm
15.6cm
8cm
Given that BAC = 60 , AB = 5 cm. BC = 8 c,. AE = 8.5 cm an ED = 15.6 cm.

Calculate
(a) the length of EC
(b) AED , if the area of triangle AED is 54 cm2.
4. Diagram below shows a right prism with an isosceles triangular base where DE =DF = 10 cm.
FE = 8 cm and AD = 7 cm.
Calculate
A
C
(a) the angle between the line AE and the base FED
(b) FAE
7cm
D
F
10cm
8cm
Page | 144

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Chapter 10 Solution of Triangles

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Additional Mathematics Module Form 4

SMK Agama Arau, Perlis