PUNCTUATION

I. Full stop ( . )
- to mark the end of a sentence : The method proved to be very useful.
- in decimal numbers : 0.25
- It is usual to use full stops after initials : George W. Bush.
2. Comma ( , )
- Commas are used to separate three or more words, phrases, or clauses
(sentence parts) in a series.
Ex : The class includes freshmen, sophomores, and juniors.
3. Question Mark/Query ( ? )
- indicates an interrogative sentence, clause, or phrase in many
languages. The question mark is used for indirect questions.
Ex : R U Okay ?
4. Exclamation Mark ( ! )
- to indicate strong feelings or high volume (shouting), and often marks
the end of a sentence.
Example: Watch out!
5. Colon ( : )
- A colon is used to explain or start an enumeration.
- A colon is also used with formal letters. Ex : Dear Senator Dodd :
6. Semicolon ( ; )
- Semicolons are used to separate clauses or phrases that are related and
that receive equal emphasis.
Ex : My wife would like tea; I would prefer coffee.
7. Hyphen ( - )

- Hyphens are used to form compound words or join word units.

Ex : the well-known
8. Dash ( -- )
- connect groups of words to other groups of words to emphasize a point.
- Usually, the dash separates words in the middle or at the end of a
sentence.
Ex : Chocolate, cream, honey and peanut butter all go into this
fabulously rich.
9. Parentheses ( (...) )
- Parentheses set off elements within a sentence that are related to the
sentence but nonessential.
Ex : We visited several European countries (England, France, Spain) on
our trip last year.
10. Apostrophe (

- Apostrophes show possession and indicate where a letter has been

omitted to form a contraction.
Ex : its
11. Quotation Mark ( ..)
- Quotation marks show the beginning and end of a quotation or title of a
short work.
- Quotation marks set off the titles of smaller works within larger works.
Ex : Short Story Book of Stories
12. Slash ( / )

- commonly used as the word substitute for "or" and division

Ex : Male/Female, 123456
CAPITALIZATION
1. The first word, the last and important in a title. Ex : Basic
English Grammar
- do not use capital letters in short words, its located in front of
-

such as on, of, to, and for;

on the conjunction words such as: and, so, but, and or;
and in the article such as; a, an, the (except at the beginning of

the sentence)
2. Short words if it is located at the beginning of the title.
Ex : The Best of My Life
3. The first word of a sentence. Ex : He refused to sign the pledge
4. The pronoun I Ex : Dont worry, I will go with you.
5. Initials and acronyms Ex : CIA ( Central Intelligence of America )
6. Noun that shows the characteristic of divinity. Ex : God
7. Names of people and the titles
Ex : Prince William
If only the title without a name, a capital letter is not used.
Ex : the prime minister
8. The name of day, month, and spesial day Ex : Tuesday
Dont use capital letters in the name of the season
Ex : winter
9. The name of a specific group (the Group of national, racial,
ethnic, language, and religion). Ex : Javanese
10.Names of places and monuments Ex : the White House
11.The name of a specific organization (business, Club, brand) Ex :
Sony Ericsson
12.The title of
- essay/opus,

- stories,

- magazines,

- newspapers,

- poetry,

- film.

- books,
- plays,

do not forget to underline or italic print titles of books,

newspapers, magazines, plays, and movies. Ex : My Trip to Mount
Bromo