xf ADYay

Pislela kaTa Tek ela

pUbbtI ADYaeyr pr

gt keyk bCer Pislibedra bS

ikCu palk b hana sH hayenasr
r Piselr san peyeCn
caynay| ibanIra bkal Der
DarNa ker VsiCeln Z, hayenasr
Tek VDuink paKIr ibbtn
GeFeC| nbY Vibt Pislela
hayenasr b paiKr mDYbtI err
imis iler pitiniDt ker (1)|

paTerr gaey FariSyair Zuegr

(5 Tek 65 imilyn bCr Veg)
Salix sp r patar Pisl
(2)|

Fa s ibKYat 'luis'r kaelr

Pisl| 1974 sael iTwipyay pay
32
lQ
bCerr
purena
Australopithecus afarensis, r
PisliF pawya Zay| DreNr
ibiB Pisl Tek ibanIra VDuink
manuexr b taedr pUbbtI pjait
elar ibbtenr itHas spek
janet pereCn (3)|

HYa, ela Piselr Cib| ibanIra b StaI Der Drenr ibiB Piselr nmuna sgH ker
VseCn, rkm Hajar Hajar Piselr sgH reyeC piTbIr nana ZaduGer| Vegr peb eLK
keriClam Z, danI Aenk ibanI men kern Z, jIebr ih.n.r meDY lKa itHas Tek
ibbtenr spuN itHasFa peR Pla sb| ik ih.n.r Vibar ta HeyeC ma AD StaI
Veg, tar Veg Pisl rkh iCela ibbtenr AnYtm pDan saQY| BibxYet Vmra jIebr
ih.n. Tek Z tar AtIt btman BibxYetr Aenk ikCu bel idet pareba taet kan
sedH n| teb muet HaiF HaiF pa pa ker jeniFer ibiB SaKa bS t igey ZaeC
bel men Helw tara Knw oSSebr cOkaf peraet paerin| ibbtenr ibiB ter pmaN b
smysIma inDareNr Qe tar ibiB DreNr sImabtar Pak pUrN kret Knw ik Pisl

mumna

ibbtenr pT Der (xf ADYay)

bnYa AHemd

rkhela Brsa! Vsel Pisl rkhela na Takel s inS StaIet bes harnsH
AnYanY ibanIra t sHej ibbtenr t pitfa kret paretn ikna ta iney ZeTF sedeHr
AbkaS Tek Zay|
gt dReSa bCer Pislibdra Hajar Hajar Piselr san peyeCn, b esela ibbtnbaedr
tek Vrw Z jaRaela kereC Du ta ny, Kn pZ mn kFaw Pisl pawya Zayin Za
paeNr ibbtenr DarabaiHktar ibre saQY edy| Zmn Drn manux pjaitr ibbtn GeFeC ma
150 Hajar bCr Veg, Kn Zid Hfa ker mesajiyk (pay 25-15 kaiF bCr Veg),
pYailwjiyk (pay 54-25 kaiF bCr Veg), ipkYaiyan (pay 350-54 kaiF bCr Veg) Zueg
manuexr Pisl pawya Zet r ker taHel ta ibbtnbadI jIbibanIedr samen inj pSa CeR
idey AnY kan pSa gHN kra kra CaRa Vr ekan pay Kala Takeb bel ta men Hy na|
Vbar Drn, pay smy ibbtn-iberaDIra bS jaikey bes ibanIedr idek pS CueR dn - bapu
tamra CaF KaeFa pirbtnela iney Hc ker kl paeCa na, k bR bR pirbtnelar
(mYaea-BluSn) ta kan pmaN Haijr kret pareCa na| bleCa hayenasr Tek paiKr ibbtn
GeFeC, dKaw ta diK taedr mDYbtI relarr ibbtenr nmuna, kaTay s mDYbtI Pisl
(transitional fossil) ba Haraena ZagsUela (missing link)? smuer itim maC, hliPnra naik
ksmy jlHiedr mt haar paNI iCela, tarpr kTa n bata n ksmy nem gela
painet - rkm Autuer kFa pirbtn GeF gela tar mDYbtI Pislela gela kaTay?
DreNr cFkdar pSguela ksmy ibbtnek fkaenar jnY AtY kaZkrI "A' iCela, ik
welar Vebdn Aenk Veg PireyeC| Vsel ibbtnbad iberaDIedr jnY gt StaIFa
Vsel bS duWKjnk iCela blet Heb| ibanIedr Aa ADYbsay b pirSemr Pel Vmra
magt kFar pr kFa Piselr san peyiC, Za taedr bSIrBag peSr smaDan idet
paer| Zidw jIenr gfn, kaexr iBter imeFSn r ibiB pZay ikba ih.n. r gafink
sekt Bd krar maDYem ibanIra ibbtn spek Aenk tTY br kret pereCn, tarprw
Pisl rkh CaRa ibbtn iney Velacna kra VQirk AeT Asb blet Heb|
Pisl rkhela iney gebxNar maDYem Vmra paeNr ibbtn spek ikCu mOilk tTY janet
pair, Zela Hyeta Duma btmaenr jIbelaek prIQa ker eta sHej jana sb Heta na|
piTbIr dIG saeR itneSa kaiF bCerr paeNr itHaesr srasir saQI Pislela, tara DarN
ker reKeC geH paeNr APr kalaHelr nIrb pdicH| Vmra ibiB BUtaik Zuegr
paNIedr deHr gfn, smeyr saeT saeT taedr tulnamulk pirbtn dKet b ta pirmap
kret pair BUtekr ibiB er Kuej pawya Pislelar maDYem| tara Vmaedr bel ideC kt
ibic rkemr jIebr Ait iCela DrNIet, taedr meDY kba Knw pbl praem rajt
cailey ZaeC, kba Hairey geC ibmitr Atel| Pisl rkh Tek kidek Zmn Vmra
paeNr ibkaeSr b ibbtenr Darar srasir kalanuimk pmaN paiC, paiC paEgitHaisk
smykar VbHawya, jlbayu kmn iCela tar nmuna, janet pariC kKn kan pjait CiRey
iCiFey peReC piTbIr ibiB pae, tminBaeb buJet pariC kKn gNibluir Hat Der Hairey
geC pjaitr pr pjait| Vsel Vmra Pisl Tek ibbtenr ter du'eFa mUl ibxy spek
AtY pirar DarNa pa| k HeC, pjaitr iBter ikBaeb DIer DIer pirbtn GeFeC ibiB
jIebr gfn b repr siF, Vr tarpr magt pirbtenr Pel kKn jnM ineyeC ntun

mumna

ibbtenr pT Der (xf ADYay)

bnYa AHemd

ntun sb obicmy pjaitr|

Vbar AnYidek Pisl rkhela ibeSx Abdan reKeC mHaedSela ser Zawya ba
mHaedSIy sarN b pF FkFain r t Vibaerr ipCen| du'iF ibxy BUtibdYar
jget ibpb eneC - pdaTibdYa ba rsaynibdYay Anu prmanur gfn Zmn rtpUN, ikba
jIbibdYay ibbtnbad Zmn ApirHaZ ifk tminBaeb ButibdYar Buben mOilk kiF t HeC
pF FkFain (4)| Piselr kTa blet gel ibiB DreNr iSla, iSlar, kan iSla
er kn b ikBaeb Pisl otir Hy DreNr psgela cel Ves| kma pF
FkFainer maDYem edr pi, gfn b srenr bYaparFa sifkBaeb bYaKYa kra sb|
s xal'S StaIet, 1592 sael, HlYaehr VbaHam wreFilyas (Dutch map maker
Abraham Ortelius) pTm beliCeln Z, Vemirka mHaedS Vsel erap b Vika Tek
Be siF HeyiCela| tarpr itn StaIrw bSI smy keF gela, bar jaman VbHawyaibd
VYleh weyegnar ibmitr Atel Hairey Zawya tiFek Vbar ntun Viek pitift
krar cFa kreln 1915 sael| itin bleln, Videt sbela mHaedS Vsel ksaeT iCela
b r nam ideln "pYnijya' ba "smg piTbI'| pay 200 imilyn bCr Veg pkah supar
mHaedSiF Baet r ker, tarpr Tek magtBaeb tara ser ZaeC b sret sret Vjekr
Abaen es pOeCeC| weyegnar bleln, Vikar picm Dar b diQN Vemirkar pUb
Daerr Kajela eqbaer Zena Kaep Kaep imel ZaeC, Vbar widek ibiB mHaedeSr meDY Kuej
pawya Piselr sadSY dKelw baJa Zay Z tara ksmy ksaeT iCela| kan siFkta
ibiB jIbek siF ker ibiB mHaedeS paifey ideyeCn, bYaKYaFa Zmn ibanIedr kaeC
gHneZagY ny, ifk tminBaeb s Vidm kael smu mHasmu paiR idey paNIela Hajar
Hajar mal duerr ibiB mHaedeS pOeC igeyiCela taw sifk bel men Hy na| ibiB mHaedeS
CiRey Taka Pislelar pYaFan dKel Abak na Hey para Zay na| gImmhlIy gaeCr Pisl
kena pawya ZaeC brPaCaidt mHaedS VYFarkiFkay, ikba grm deSr Panelar Pisl ba
kena dKa ZaeC iHmSItl mr Ael? taHel ik AYaFakiFka ksmy diQN mrr t
kaCakaiC iCela na? ibanIra prbtIet Drenr Vrw Aenk Pisl Kuej peyeCn - Zmn Drn,
hayenaserr ceyw purena k srIsp mesasraesr Pisl diQn Vemirka b Vikay k
SIlaer Kuej pawya geC, ikba diQN Vemirkar lu marsuipyaledr Pisl pawya geC
AYaFakiFka b AeFilya mHaedeS| Du ta ny, dKa gela diQN Vemirka b Vikar
ibiB BUtaik Zuegr b err iSlaelaw imel ZaeC ek Aperr saeT| ibiB mHaedeSr
SIlar w Piselr meDY sadSY b rkm tIb jlbayur pirbtenr kFa bYaKYa Het paer mHaedSela Kn Z Abaen reyeC AtIet tara sKaen iCela na| ik duWeKr ibxy Z s
smy ibanIra mHaedSelar irtay ibSas kretn, widek Vbar weyegnarw ibSal
sreNr karN ik Het paer tar kan gHneZagY obaink bYaKYa Haijr kret pareln na| Vr
tar Pel Za Hbar ta Hl, ibanIra tiFek Vbarw AgaHY kreln| ik xaeFr dSek pF
FkFain t pitift Hwyar pr baJa gela Z weyegnaerr mHaedSIy sreNr DarNaiF
Vsel sifk iCela| BUtaik mYaepr pr ibt ibiB DreNr iSlar gfn ba pYFan, paHaR,
BUimkp ba VegyigrIr pi ATba mHaedSIy srenr mt bYaparelar bYaKYa pawya

mumna

ibbtenr pT Der (xf ADYay)

mHaedSIy srn b tar ibiB pZay

sOjnYW http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/historical.html

bnYa AHemd

mumna

ibbtenr pT Der (xf ADYay)

bnYa AHemd

mHedSIy sreNr t Zid ifk Hey Taek taHel sb mHaedSelaek elaek kit ker taedr ibiB err
Pisl rkhelaek dKel ikCu ikCu Qe tara kFa inidF pYaFan dKaet baDY Heb| weyegnar sH AnYanY
ibanIedr DarNa Sx pZ sifk bel pmaiNt HeyeC| Kaen ma keykFa Piselr pYaFan dKaena Hl|
sOjnYW http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/continents.html

sb ter maDYem| Kub sQep pF FkFain tFaek bYaKYa kret Hel, bYaparFa
AenkFa rkm daRay W BUtaik pirBaxay pF blet ibSal silh SIlar pat ba Plkek
baJay Vr gIk S FkFin r AT HeC "Etir kra', ATa, piTbIr pfedS ibiB Drenr
pF idey otir| ileTaePyar bel Z perr rFa mHaedSelaek b smuer nIecr aF ba
BUtkek DarN ker VeC ta Vsel 8iF pDan b bS keykFa Vrw CaF CaF peFr smney
gift (5)| pFela Anbrt taedr nIecr Vrw Gn b paiFekr mt r VYseTnePyaer
idek ser ZaeC| edr salenr git bCer gRpRta 5-10 siFimFaerr mt| ik BUpefr
mt kifn kFa ijinesr intY gitmytar karNFa ik Het paer? Vsel piTbIr gBIer
VFek Taka tap b tjiy Qeyr kareN Anbrt Z taepr siF HeC ta Tek sb ikCu
gel igey otir Hy gilt SIlar Dara ba mYagma| gilt iSlaela DIer DIer mDY-samuik
BUiSrar (mid-ocean ridge, nIecr Cibet dKun; VFlaiFk mHasmue laliBaeb DreNr
kiF irj reyeC) mDY idey leFa peT perr idek cap idet Taek| r Pel kidek Zmn
smuer tledS ibt Het r ker AnYidek tar PlSitet mDY-samuik BUiSrar meDY PaFl

mumna

ibbtenr pT Der (xf ADYay)

bnYa AHemd

baRet Taek| mYagmaela smuer tledS Tek per ef es DIer DIer faha Hey Vbar
ntun aF otir ker ( mYagma Tek siF Hy ginyas iSlar) Vr taedr dupaeSr
pFelaek ibprIt idek flet r ker| Baeb sret sret ZKn kan du'eFa peFr meDY
sGx GeF tKn pFelar kFa VerkFar nIec cel igey taedr nIecr r VYseTnePyaerr
saeT imeS Zet

lF FkFin piya
sOjnYW http://earth.geol.ksu.edu/sgao/g100/plots/1203_03_plate.jpg

baDY Hy| ik Beb dKun ik ibSal sGx, BUpefr mt kifn kFa ijinesr k r Verk
err meDY zuek gel ZaeC! sGexr caep Z ibiB Drenr plyrI GFnar supat GFeb
taet Vr Vbak Hwyar ik VeC? Vr Tek siF Hy pbtmalar, BUimkep kep wef
piTbI, ikba kan mHaedS Be per| rkm k pSa mHasagrIy peFr sGx Tek jeg
efeC Hawya dIppu| pay 8 kaiF bCr Der diQn idk Tek magtBaeb err idek ser
Vset Taka ihyan mHasamuik peFr diQN iSyar saeT sGexr Pel siF HeyiCela
Vmaedr ibSal iHmaly pbtmalar| pay k kaiF bCr Veg bdUerr Vecna pitebSI
ihya mHaedS tar sb durt Guicey idey imel imeS kakar Hey Zay iSyar mHaedeSr saeT|
HYa, ifk DereCn- iHmaly mHaedeSr kan Ait iCela na Vj Tek kaiF bCr Veg! Vmra
Zt bil na kn "paHaeRr mt ir' Vsel paHaR kanidnw ir iCela na, Vmaedr carpaeSr
pkit Tek r ker, paHaR pbt, mHaedS, mHasmu mnik Vmra inejra kKnw ir iClam

mumna

ibbtenr pT Der (xf ADYay)

bnYa AHemd

na! Anbrt pirbtn GeF celeC sb ikCur| perr mHaedSIy sreNr Cibet Kyal krel
dKet paebn ikBaeb smeyr saeT saeT purena ihya mHaedS sret sret es iSya
mHaedeSr saeT imel igeyiCela|
s Za Hak, clun Vbar iPer Zawya Zak Vmaedr s Piselr gep| Vsel Piselr saeT
BUtibdYa b ibbtnibdYar mOilk ikCu Vibar t wtepatBaeb jiRey reyeC Z, taedrek
bad idey puera gpFa bla krkm Asb Hey daRay| gt keyk StaIr ibiB DreNr
obaink Vibaerr ipCen Pisl rkh AtY rt pUN Buimka reKeC| Vbar ifk leFaBaeb
Piselr pi, gfn b taedr kalinNeyr kTa janet Hel pF FkeFain ba mHaedSIy
srn ba kabn hiF r mt bYaparela na buJelw ta Vr cleC na ta Piselr kTa blet
gel barbar cel Ves w psgela| ik idek Vbar siFtbadIra pay ViBeZag ker
Taekn Z, t km sKYay pawya Pisl idey naik ibbtenr t kanBaeb pmaiNt Hy na|
pmaN Hy ik Hy na, s pse na Hy kFu per VsiC; teb Piselr Aptultar kTaFa ik inCk
mngRa ny| siFte ibSasIedr ibSasela kpnapsut Helw taedr AiBeZagFa ik
obaink blet Heb! tara ifk beln Z Piselr sKYa piTbIr buek jnM nwya ibiB
pjaitr jIebr sKYar tulnay sitY ta Kub km| Kn pZ ibanIra Z, pay VRa laK
pjaitr Piselr san peyeCn ta AtIt b btmaenr sm jIebr Stkra kBaegrw
pitiniDt ker ikna sedH VeC(4)| ik Pislela Vsel ik? ikBaeb ba maiF ba
paTerr Baej Baej tara sriQt Hey Zay, lQ kaiF bCr perw tara ikBaeb pmaN idey Zay
s smeyr jIbenr Aietr? AtIetr ibiB BUtaik smeyr jIebr dHabeSx ba icHela
ZKn palilk iSlar er er sriQt Hey Zay taek ibanIra Pisl beln| Zidw Pisel
pirNt Het Hajar Hajar bCr leg Zay, ifk ktidn per kan jIebr dHabeSxek Pisl bel
Dra Heb ta iney kan DrabaDa inym n| piTbIr buek ibiB DreNr iSla Takelw Duma
palilk SIlar ibiB er Pisl otir Het paer, ginyas ba mFamriPk SIlar meDY jIbedH
Pisl iHeseb sriQt Het paer na|

gaeCr kexr meDY sriQt iblu kDreNr ibCar Pisl

sOjnYW nYaSnal imijyam AP nYacaral iHFrIW http://www.a mnh.org/exhibitions/amber/scorpion.html

mumna

ibbtenr pT Der (xf ADYay)

bnYa AHemd

Pisl ikBaeb otir Hy ta buJel Hyeta smsYaFar ATpUN kFa bYaKYa pawya Zet paer|
kFa jIebr deHr mtuY brN kra Tek r ker tar Pisel pirNt Hwya b kjn ibanIr
ta Vibar kra pZ Daep Daep Z pitelar mDY idey taek Zet Hy, ta Du dIG ny,
AtY VkisMkw beF| DarabaiHkBaeb kFar pr kFa GFnaela GFaFa Zena k
AsaBaibk GFna! ik tarprw Vmra ikBaeb Z Hajar Hajar Piselr san peyiC b Knw
pey ZaiC ta Beb Abak na Hey para Zay na| mt paNIedeHr nrm ASela Kub sHej pec
gel nF Hey Zay ba AnY kan paNIr KaedY pirNt Hy| ta Z sb paNIedr deH S HaR,
dat, Sl ba kaFa n selar Pislw Kub sHej pawya Zay na| teb maeJ maeJ du'kFa Z
pawya Zay na taw ik ny, sela Hyeta ibeSx kan Abar pirepiQet sriQt Hey geC|
Zmn Drn gaeCr kexr meDY bS ikCu ippRa ba paka makeRr Pisl pawya geC Zara bS
BaelaBaeb sriQt Hey iCela, Vbar r ba diQN mrr iHmSItl tuxarepr meDY jem
geC mn ikCu Aitkay mYameTrw Pisl pawya geC| Aenk smy ibiB Drenr ltapata ba
gaeCr Pislela iSlaerr caepr Pel cYaFa Hey igey paTerr pr kDrenr ipF ba Caepr
mt otir ker| kylar Kinet rkemr pcur Pisl dKet pawya Zay| mnik kan kan smy
ibiB paNIr paeyr Cap ba mlw Pisel pirNt Hey Zay| Zmn Drn pay 36 lQ bCr Veg

juraisk ipiryehr (200 imilyn bCr Vegr)

haenasr r paeyr Caepr Pisl
sOjnYW

pay 36 lQ bCr Vegr manuexr pUbpurx pjait

Australopithecus afarensis r paeyr Cap|

http://www.paleoportal.org/fossil_gallery/taxon.php?taxon
_id=111

http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ha/laetoli.htm

sOjnYW

tanejinyar kan ibIN jnped Vegyigir Tek CiRey pRa Bemr meDY Hfa ker sriQt
Hey Zawya Australopithecus afarensis pjaitr paeyr Capela Knw Vmaedr pUbpurexr
du'paey cel bRaenar saQYbHn ker celeC| Pisl Hey Zawya ml ba ibfa Tekw Vmra Aenk
rtpUN tTY janet pair, Zmn ik DreNr KadY Keta tara, s Ael ik DreNr gaCpala ba

mumna

ibbtenr pT Der (xf ADYay)

bnYa AHemd

p paiK jnM int s smey, s rkemr gaCpalar jnY ik rkm jlbayur peyajn, tYaid,
tYaid| teb, saDarNt paNI ba iedr nrm ASela ny, br dat, HaR, S Kals ba
Sl, S bIj ba bIjiF jatIy ASela Pisel pirNt Hy| ik S ASelar Pisl
Hwyar sbna sbecey bSI Takelw taedr bSIrBag ta paTerr caep, S ikCur VGaet ba
painr saetr Gxay ba AnYanY pakitk kareN BecueR kakar Hey Zay!
ta na Hy gela jIebr deHr kan AS Pisl Het pareb Vr kan AS pareb na tar
bNna| ik smsYar ta Vr Kaen Sx ny, br Zena AenkFa r bla cel| Pisl otir
Hwyar piyar maeJw Zena luikey reyeC ekr pr k VkisMktar bRajal iheaenar
piteZagIta! kFa jIebr dHek Pisl iHeseb sriQt Het Hel Daep Daep ktela ibeSx
Aba b piyar mDY idey Zet Hy| pil maiFr deSr manux Hwyar kareN Vmra sba Hyeta
jain pil blet ik baJay| pain ba bataesr Pel bR bR SIla Qy Hey Hey CaF CaF kNay
pirNt Hey pil maiFr siF ker| r ibiB AS, balu, maiF, kada tYaid DIer DIer jmet Taek
b kaelr ibitet k smy palilk SIlay pirNt Hy| Vr Duma palilk iSlar
meDY Piselr srQN GFet paer, ta pil Aelr kaCakaiC jaygaelaet bas kra jIbedr
dH Kub sHej Pisel pirNt Hey Zet paer| Vr saBaibk kareN rkm Al Tek Zt
dUer ser Zet Takebn tt kmet Takeb Piselr pirmaN(6)| ATa, sb pil Ael Z
sb jIb bas kreta ssb pjaitr Hyt BuirBuir Pisl pawya Zaeb, ik AnYanY pjaitr
Ait kKnw Hyeta Kuej pawya Zaeb na| Kn Drn, kan jIebr dH paTimk baDaela
pirey Pisl otirr jnY maQm kan pirebeS sifkBaeb sriQt Hela| r perw ik taek
Vbar Buimkp, Agupat ba pF FkeFainer kareN piTbIr buek Z Baa gRar Aibram Kla
cleC tar Daqa iRey Hajar Hajar bCr Der iFek Taket Heb Zaet ker Vmaedr pjenMr kan
ibanI ta Kuej br kret paern| Kn piTbIr iBter luikey Taka iSla riF FkeFaink
salenr maDYem Zid Anabt ba pkaiSt Hey na peR ba ibeSx kan kareN ibanIra Zid
sKaen pttaik Knn na kern taHel Hyeta s Pislela Aecna Tek Zaeb Vmaedr kaeC
icrter|
clun,kifn obaink pirBaxaelaek bad idey, Kub sHj kFa daHreNr maDYem dKa Zak
Pisl ikBaeb otir HyW lhenr nYaSnal imijyam AP nYacaral iHFirr weyb saeF iblu
k samuik ehr Pisel pirNt Hwyar piyaFaek ebS sHj ker bYKYa kra HeyeC| Drn
juraisk Zuegr k h ibSal smue Guer iPer bRaet bRaet bueRa Hey kidn mer gela,
tarpr tar mtedHFa igey pRela smuer tledeS| bR kan maC ba HaeRr iSkar Hl na s,
CaF CaF maCela fukeR fukeR tar SrIerr nrm ASela Key S kalFaek Pel cel
gela| smey bS bRsR kFa JR fela Vr ehr kalFa pec gel imeS Zawyar
Veg kadamaiF bail es kraS pilr r otir ker Plela tar pr| Baeb Hajar, lQ,
mnik kaiF bCr Der Zt pilr r baRet Takela mSW tt s maiFr Vrw gBIer zuek
Zet Takela| idek Vbar pil maiFr iBterr err sb pain DIer DIer ineR br Hey igey ta
isemeFr mt S Hey Zet Taek b ksmy ta palilk iSlay rpairt Hey Zay| Vr dKa
gela, Vmaedr s BagYban (BagYbtI) hiF Vbarw iSla otirr piyay Ds Hey na

mumna

ibbtenr pT Der (xf ADYay)

bnYa AHemd

igey idibY Pisel pirNt Hey geC| tar HaeRr AepQakt Bur ASela iRey gelw,
bIBut Hey Zet paer mn ASela painet imeS gelw, kYalsaF namk AtY S Kinj
pdaT idey otir carpaeSr VbrNiF ik ifk Pisl iHeseb iFek geC!

Pisl otirr ibiB pZayW

sOjnYW http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/earth/fossils/fossil-folklore/how_are_fossils.htm#

taHel dKa ZaeC Pisl otirr pitFa inta VkisMk, b b cRa Ra piRey
Pisl rkhelaek iFek Taket Hy| Vsel Fa Vmaedr an iban sBYtar jnY kFa
sOBaegYr bYapar Z t Jiq Jaemla pireyw kan na kan Baeb ikCu jIebr Pisl sriQt
Hey ZaeC Vr Vmra pitidn Hajar Hajar Piselr san pey ZaiC| Vr ibanIra Zrkm
inyimtBaeb kFar pr kFa ntun ntun Pisl Vibar ker celeCn taet ker Faw ta Vr
buJet baik Taek na Z incy Vrw AsKY pjaitr jIebr Pisl maiFr buek ba gaeCr kex ba
iHm SItl tuxar ep luikey reyeC| Vim ZKn ADYayFa iney ilKet besiC tKn ibanIra
kanahar r mret Kuej peyeCn VerkiF rpUN mDYbtI Pisl ba imis il| pay 38
kaiF bCr Vegr carpayI maCiF jelr maC b jl Tek car paey Br ker haay ef
Vsa paNIelar meDY pirar ZagsU apN kereC| ibanIra jl Tek haay ibbtenr
t Venk Veg ideyiCeln, ik t pirarBaeb caeK Vul idey dKaena pmaN baD Hy
peln pTm| DreNr rtpUN imis ilela iney r per ibairt Velacna krar eC
VeC|
haenasr Tek paiKr rpar blun Vr itim maeCr haa Tek VpatdiFet leFa peT jl-

mumna

ibbtenr pT Der (xf ADYay)

bnYa AHemd

gmenr ibbtenr paKYan blun - imis ilela ik ibbtenr gepr AtY rtpNU
kiF ADYay, edr bad idey ibbtenr kan gp spun Het paer na| Vr DreNr
Vibarelar ipCen reyeC Vmaedr s pacIn Pisl rkhela| ra Zn s bkipt
Fam miSn, Zar maDYem Vmra AtIetr kaiF kaiF bCerr paeNr mHaZaay SrIk Het pair,
pOeC Zet pair ibbtenr itHaesr s Ajana paEgitHaisk ADYayelaet| HYa, piTbIet
jnM nwya lQ lQ jIebr tulnay Kuej pawya Piselr sKYa inta km, ik GueR daiRey
leFa ker pS kret Hel blet Hy, tara jIebr ibbtenr peQ ktFuk d saQY bHn ker
celeC? peSr er ibanIra caK b ker blebn Z, Pisl rkhelar maDYem Vmra
ibbtenr ibiB Dapelaek AtY pirarBaeb bYaKYa kret pair| ikCu ikCu peSr r Knw
na pawya gelw r Tek Vmra paeNr ibbtenr itHas spek Z kFa bYapk DarNa Vmra
laB kir taek kanBaeb ngnY bel Pel dwya Zay na| Zena AenkFa ZaduGer sriQt
Hajar bCerr purena Aitkay s pacIn puiTFa - tar Aenk pfa iCeR geC, kKnw kKnw
ADYay Der Hyeta Hairey geC, ik tarprw baik Hajarw pfay Z kaiHnI b jaRaela
pmaNela ilipb kra VeC ta idey Vmra idibY s smyFa spek AtY sC kFa DarNa laB
kret pair, d Va iney psHarFaw Fanetw pair| Vr pitidn Vmra Zt ntun ntun
Pisl Kuej paiC tt Zena kFa kFa ker s CRa pfaela jueR dwya HeC bFar iBtr
Vr mSW jljl ker pirar Hey feC itHaesr r tuilet Vka paeNr ibbtenr CibFa|
cals harn ZKn tar "Airijn AP ipiSj' bFaet ibbtenr saQY iHeseb Pisl rkhela
spek ibairt ilKiCeln tar Aenk Veg ibanIra buJet r keriCeln Z, bueRa piTbI
Daep Daep siF HeyeC(7)| BUpefr ibiB SIlar er er maniykBaeb Kuej pawya Pislela
taedr sedHek Vrw sud ker tueliCela| Vr tarpr gt StaIet Z AsKY pirmaN
Pisl Vibt HeyeC ta idey Vmra ibbtenr ibiB Dap spek AtY ejaRaela pmaN pa|
Vr Vjek ta iban Vr sKaen VFek n, ibbtenr peQ pmaN idey celeC ibaenr
Vrw ibiB SaKa| jeniFer Velay Vmra Pisl rkhelaek Vbar ntun ker Kitey
dKar sueZag epeyiC| Fa ta Vr kaktalIy GFna Het paer na Z, Pisl rkhela
Vmaedrek St St bCr Der Za bel VseC, ibanIra taek ZBaeb bYaKYa kereCn tar saeT
gt keyk dSekr Anu jIbibdYa b jeniFer Vibarela b imel gela! ibiB jIebr
ih.n. Tek Vjek Vmaedr peQ sb tar ibbtenr itHasFa spek DarNa laB kra,
Vr Pisl rkhela ta VeC tar paSapaiS smYk pmaN iHeseb|
r per BUtaik ibiB Zueg ibiB er ibbtenr saQI iHeseb bYapk pirmaeN Z sb Pisl
pawya geC b tar saeT Butaik smy w kabn hiF r pit iney Velacna krar eC
rela|

tTYsU:
1. Futuyma DJ (2005), Fossil 1. Feathered bird: Evolution, p.75, Sinauer Associates, INC, MA,
USA.

mumna

ibbtenr pT Der (xf ADYay)

bnYa AHemd

And:
http://www.cbc.ca/story/news/national/2003/01/22/dino_wings030122.html
2. Fossil2: salix sp.from Tertiary Period:
http://www.paleoportal.org/fossil_gallery/search.php?taxon_id=&period_id=8
3. Fossil 3. Lucy: Natural history Museum, London: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/aboutus/news/2005/july/news_5976.html
4. Futuyma DJ (2005), Evolution, p.71 Sinauer Associates, INC, MA, USA
5. Futuyma DJ (2005), Evolution, p.68 Sinauer Associates, INC, MA, USA
6. Ridley, Mark (2004), Evolution, p 384; BlackwellPublishing, Oxford, UK
7. Berra, TM (1990), Evolution and the Myth of Creationism. Stanford p. 52

sm ADYay FbY

{bnYa VHemedr ibbtenr pT Der biF Absr pkaSnI Tek 2007-r keS bemlay
pkaiStbY| ASiF biFr xf ADYay|}