PROBLEM BASED LEARNING

GENERAL EMERGENCY LIFE SUPPORT 2 - SCENARIO 2

GROUP 6B
Jawaban
Learning
Issues (LI)
LI:
Bantuan
Logistik
Dalam
Bencana

When disaster strikes, causing a humanitarian crisis, the response must be

immediate, appropriate and well organised. This ensures that the suffering of the
greatest number of people is alleviated by the effective delivery of relief. In a
world where natural disasters frequently cause untold devastation and human
suffering, the efforts of every agency involved in humanitarian relief are of
paramount importance, and their effectiveness depends heavily on knowing what is
needed and how best to deliver it in a challenging environment, often over long
distances. Information is the most vital commodity in planning any relief effort.
The term logistics refers to the procurement, distribution, maintenance, and
replacement of materiel and personnel. Functions unique to humanitarian logistics
include water and sanitation, radio communications, and construction.
Fauvarque (1999) describes more precisely humanitarian logistics as composed of
six main activities:
Communications: radio, phones, internet, etc.
Transports : trucks, cars, planes, cargo, horses, etc.
Sources of energy: fuel, batteries, etc.
Accommodation or quartering
Hygiene: water and sanitation
Procurement: material, food, etc.
Storage: warehousing and handling
Shipment: staff, food, special fittings, handling material, etc.
Logistics plays a critical role in disaster relief. Getting the right product, to the
right place, at the right time takes on new meaning when roads, airports, bridges,
and other logistics infrastructure are severely damaged or destroyed. The
immediate spike in demand for food, water, clothing, and medical supplies is an
order of magnitude greater than most supply chains are equipped to handle. In
short, disaster relief is a unique and specialized type of supply chain and logistics
problem.
Humanitarian logistics is a branch of logistics which specializes in organizing the
delivery and warehousing of supplies during natural disasters or complex
emergencies to the affected area and people. Although they have been mostly
utilized in commercial supply chain, logistics is one of the most important tools
now in disaster relief operations. Type and quantity of the resources, way of
procurement and storage of the supplies, tools of tracking and means transportation
to the stricken area, specialization of teams participating in the operation and plan

of cooperation between these teams, are some important issues that are connected
directly to humanitarian logistics.
Developing logistics warehousing to store all essential goods is one of the tools
utilized in disaster response planning. Warehouses should be designed by taking
precautions for contamination or waste of materials and organized in order to
facilitate deliveries to the desired area at the desired time and quantities. Successful
humanitarian operations also presuppose that distribution centers are located in the
correct area, which is obviously near the region that tends to be hit by a disaster
and can be indicated through software or mathematical models. The responsible
authorities aim at maximization of response and minimization of distribution time,
money spent and number of distribution centers. Coordination of the delivery of
goods, organization of teams, supplies and equipment movement is realized by
mobilization centers, which are located near the affected region. A way of taking
precautions before a disaster occurs, is to organize emergency response plans
which will help preparation and consequently mobilization in the time of the
disaster.
A logistical technique which can improve responsiveness is inventory prepositioning. This technique is used for estimating item quantities required
according to specific safety stock levels and order frequency, or for searching
optimal locations for warehouses using facility location. Logistics is one of the
major tools of disaster preparedness, among surveillance, rehearsal, warning,
and hazard analysis. Besides, success and performance in humanitarian relief
chains is very difficult to measure because of some distinct characteristics that
humanitarian operations have, such as very unpredictable demand, difficulty to
obtain data from operations, unpredictable working environment, lack of incentive
for measurement (due to their non-profit character), very short lead time and
unknown variables, like geography, political situation or weather.
Technology is a key factor to achieve better results in disaster logistics.
Implementing uptodate information or tracking systems and using humanitarian
logistics software which can provide real-time supply chain information,
organizations can enhance decision making, increase the quickness of the relief
operations and achieve better coordination of the relief effort. Biometrics for
identifying persons or unauthorized substances, wireless telecommunications,
media technology for promoting donations, and medical technologies are some
more aspects of technology applied in humanitarian operations.
In a disaster context, it is of course important to ensure efficient and effective
delivery, such that the appropriate commodities and people reach the victims of the
emergency (logistic point of view). However, optimizing the logistic performance
requires that all the relationships among the actors involved are managed through

an integrated approach to efficiently and effectively coordinate inter-organizational

performance, eliminate redundancy, and maximize efficiency along the entire
emergency supply chain (supply chain management point of view). In fact, though
logistics is more focused on moving something or someone from a point of origin
to a destination, supply chain management mainly focuses on relationships among
the actors that make such movement possible.

Referensi

Line N. Tabbara. 2008. Emergency Relief Logistics: Evaluation of Disaster

Response Models
http://architecture.brookes.ac.uk/research/cendep/dissertations/LineTabbara.pdf
A. Cozzolino. 2012. Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management
https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=15&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CHcQFjA
O&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.com%2Fcda%2Fcontent%2Fdocument
%2Fcda_downloaddocument%2F9783642301858-c2.pdf%3FSGWID%3D0-0-451340522p174501768&ei=xRgxVITtCYKNuATflYDgBQ&usg=AFQjCNEWsBFCf5M2ih5
YYyal-fLF4PCC6A&sig2=Y4sMYRuGevSVzyp50CiNw&bvm=bv.76802529,d.c2E

Table referensi
Source

Line N. Tabbara.
2008. Emergency
Relief Logistics:
Evaluation of
Disaster
Response Models
Available at :
http://architecture.b
rookes.ac.uk/resear
ch/cendep/dissertati
ons/LineTabbara.pd
f [accessed at 04th
October 2014]

Answer
number

Info
type

Workb
ook

Validity

Importance

Applicable

Foundation

Result

Foundation

Result

Foundation

Result

Report

Yes

Content of
information

Yes

Is it
applicable ?

Yes

A. Cozzolino. 2012.
Humanitarian
Logistics and Supply
Chain Management
Available at :
https://www.google.c
om/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc
=s&source=web&cd=
15&cad=rja&uact=8
&ved=0CHcQFjAO
&url=http%3A%2F
%2Fwww.springer.co
m%2Fcda
%2Fcontent
%2Fdocument
%2Fcda_downloaddo
cument
%2F9783642301858c2.pdf%3FSGWID
%3D0-0-451340522p174501768&ei=xRg
xVITtCYKNuATflY
DgBQ&usg=AFQjC
NEWsBFCf5M2ih5Y
YyalfLF4PCC6A&sig2=Y
4sMYRuGevSVzyp50CiNw&bvm=b
v.76802529,d.c2E
[aaccessed at 05th
October 2014]

Workbook

Research

Yes

Content of
information

Yes

Is it
applicable ?

Yes