The peace and governance for Disaster risk

reduction and management will cover the

paradigm of DRRM Leadership perspective, LGU
governance system such as powers and authorities,
structures, staffing, committees and councils,
reentry and feed backing. Parliamentary rules and
procedures, partners’ engagement with BLHU’s,
roles of CSO in the governance, defining advocacy,
and sharing of successful advocacy work. Policy
hook, advocacy cycle, development of advocacy
plan, and the message development.
Learning Outcomes
- Interpret RDNA protocols

- Discuss the different types of resources, and the roles of various

organization in activities related to the lessening of the effects of
disasters

- Review the different approaches to counter terrorism and

insurgency

- Analyze peace operations and its importance to disaster

management

INTRODUCTION
This module examines the different tools used in the
NDRP, resources to counter disaster impacts and explore
solutions to the contemporary challenges in peace and
governance.
 ACTIVITY

• Answer the quiz uploaded in the LMS.

ANALYSIS

Watch the video uploaded in the LMS.

________________________________________________

ABSTRACTION
LESSON 8: NDRP Activities and Common Tools

Philippine Response Cluster System

The cluster system is the aggregation of responding government agencies,

humanitarian organizations, faith-based organizations, private and civil society
organizations, including volunteers according to their specific line of services or
expertise during emergency response.

It defines the roles and responsibilities of each cluster towards a more systematic
delivery of response and services.

There are three (3) most important values of the Cluster-Approach System, these
are leadership, predictability, and accountability.

Under the system, government agencies are organized into clusters that work
together towards agreed common humanitarian objectives.

Currently, the Philippine Government recognizes the following eleven (11)

Emergency Response Clusters, and their respective lead agencies:
ACTIVITIES, COMMON TOOLS, AND SERVICES

1. Rapid Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis (RDANA)

RDANA is a disaster response tool that is used immediately during the early and critical
state of a disaster as soon as the conditions allow disaster survey teams to operate. It
aims to determine the immediate relief and response requirements and is dependent
upon the type of disaster.

It is broad in scope and focuses on overall patterns and trends. It identifies the
magnitude of a disaster (without necessarily delivering exact figures) by focusing on the
general impact on the society and the people's capacity to cope.

RDANA is composed of the following:

a. Damage Assessment - this depicts the overall picture of the incident situation by
providing a "snapshot" of the disaster's magnitude and impact on population and
infrastructure. It answers the question "what has happened?"

b. Needs Analysis - this defines the level and type of immediate assistance required for
the affected population. It answers the question "what needs to be done?"

2. Common and Fundamental Operational Datasets (CAFOD) and Information

Management Technical Working Group (IM-TWG)
Having a common operating picture among decision makers, responders, and affected
population is a categorical imperative in any disaster response operations. It is founded
on having a common knowledge and understanding of objects, called Common
Operational Dataset and its attributes called the Fundamental Operational Dataset.

Common Operational Dataset (COD) is the object, like a municipal hall, school, church,
or hospital; and

Fundamental Operational Dataset (FOD) is the attribute of the object, like in the case
of the hospital: services or specializations offered number of beds, doctors, and nurses.

3. Response Cluster’s Information Management System

While the RCIMS is an online platform that runs through constant internet and power
outside the disaster zone, data and information collected from the affected area are
transmitted to the Response Pillar Operations Center through the hybrid of human and
technological network of the Rapid Emergency Telecoms Team (RETT) and digital
volunteers. For purposes of network security and data integrity, a username and
password are needed to access these platforms. These are usually given to agencies
and organizations during training long before disaster comes. Should this be not the
case, the Response Cluster Secretariat may be contacted at any given time during
operations.

Data and Information is the lifeline of any operation.

The Response Cluster Information Management System (RCIMS) is an ecosystem that

gathers and categorizes bits and pieces of data coming from all possible sources during
Response Operations and transforms them into actionable information for the use of
DRRM Managers, decision makers, response operatives, potential volunteers and
donors, as well as the affected population themselves.

RCIMS, as of this writing, consists of three platforms,

1. the INCIDENT MONITORING SYSTEM (IMS),

2. the SITREP System (SRS), and

3. the collaboration website called ResponseOps.PH.

LESSON 9: Counter- Disaster Resources

The type of international resources most generally needed by stricken countries fall into
the following broad categories:

1. Pre-disaster Equipment and expertise for developing measures of prevention,

mitigation, and preparedness; for instance, providing emergency communications or
developing plans and organizational arrangements.

2. During response operations - Monitoring and warning of a potential threat; and -

Post-impact survey and assessment; for instance, by photographic reconnaissance from
the air. Providing emergency equipment and facilities such as shelter materials, food
supplies, and medical assistance and, if appropriate, personnel to help distribute and
use this equipment and facilities.

3. During recovery programs - Technical and other assistance, usually in the form of
building materials, financial grants, agriculture redevelopment programs, etc.

4. For future development - Assistance from the resources of overseas governments

and international organizations, often as an extension of recovery programs.

EVALUATION OF RESOURCES

It is important to evaluate national resource organizations to determine their suitability

and effectiveness for disaster management purposes. This can be done under the
following headings:

1. Capability

The ability of resource organizations to carry out designated disaster related tasks; for
instance, first aid, search and rescue, emergency feeding, building repairs, welfare
assistance, counselling of victims and disaster workers, and so on.

2. Availability

This is primarily a question of whether the resource organization is immediately

available to undertake its disaster task, or whether there is a lead time (definite or
indefinite) before it can respond.
3. Durability

This concerns the degree to which resource organizations can carry out sustained
operations and when they need to be relieved by other organizations.

4. Operational integrity

This concerns the ability of a resource organization to undertake an allotted task and
complete it satisfactorily without supervision or continuous detailed direction from the
disaster direction/coordination authority.

Inclusion of Roles in Plans

Once roles and responsibilities have been established and mutually agreed, they need
to be clearly set out in all plans and other relevant documents, such as:

• national disaster plan;

• provincial disaster pan;

• municipal disaster plan;

• local disaster plan;

• departmental operation procedures; and

• standard operating procedures

LESSON 10: Contemporary Challenges

The Philippines’ Thrust on Counterterrorism and International Collaboration on
Counter Terrorism

The government of the Philippines recognizes the threat terrorism poses to human
rights and the ability of States to achieve their development goals. Terrorists sow fear
and cause investors to lose confidence in countries and their economies. Terrorist
groups do not recognize and respect human rights and violate the human rights of
individuals. They do not adhere to disarmament treaties that regulate or prevent the
use of certain arms considered to be excessively injurious or cause untold human
suffering. It is a transnational crime, and the Philippines is one of the countries that are
most affected by terrorism.

Terrorism is a grave challenge to security and the human rights of individuals; it leaves
destruction of societies and lives in its wake. The Philippines acknowledges that full
repercussions of terrorism on the human rights of individuals and communities can only
be fully understood by those who have actually suffered and continue to suffer from it.

To effectively counter terrorism, the Philippines recognizes the need to holistically

address the root causes of terrorism through a whole-of-government and whole-of-
society approach working with intergovernmental organizations, civil society,
communities, victims and their families.

The Philippines believes that national efforts to defeat terrorism must be

complemented by international cooperation as the issue of terrorism is one that cuts
across borders, from the supply of weapons, financing, training and other activities
aimed at promoting extremism.

A deeper understanding of the complexity of terrorism, particularly in countries that

continue to grapple with it, should enable the Human Rights Council to have a more
informed discourse on the subject, and the international community to coherently
address the many facets of this grave issue.

Understanding Terrorism in the Context of the Philippines

In 2019, the Philippines was included in the top ten list of countries most
affected by terrorism in the Global Terrorism Index. The said index identified
that the Communist Party of the Philippines-New People's Army (CPP-NPA) duo
as the deadliest of all terror groups operating in the Philippines, responsible for
36 percent of all killings and 39 percent of all terror-related incidents and attacks
against police, military and government targets. The table below shows the data
provided in the 2019 Global Terrorism Index on the Philippines’ ranking by
number of deaths from 2002.
 2019 Global Terrorism Index Data on Philippine ranking since 2002

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

13th 8th 10th 12th 14th 12th 8th 9th 9th

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

10th 11th 9th 11th 12th 12th 10th 9th

Highlighting Positive Peace in the Philippines: 2020 Reporting

In the 2020 Global Peace Index, the Philippines ranks 129 out of 163 countries. This low
score is caused by the high levels of internal conflict, access to weapons and perceived
criminality in society among other factors.

The Philippines has also historically ranked poorly on the Global Terrorism Index. In
the 2020 edition, the country was 10th in the world, and ranked last amongst countries
in the Asia-Pacific region.

Despite the low scores, the Philippines has recorded improvements year on year.

In the 2019 Global Peace Index, the Philippines ranked 134, and in the 2019 GTI, it was
ranked 9th in the world, showing improvements in indicators such as political terror,
homicides and internal conflicts fought.

This shows that there is a positive trend of improvement for the Philippines and a
potential to continue this trend.
The Philippine constitution states that “the Philippines renounces war as an instrument
of national policy.”

With this as a basis, the Philippines organized its armed forces for the purpose of
defending the state and never project forces outside the territory for conquest. It is also
an avid adherent to regional and global peace and stability as part of its national
interest, and it is committed to support any effort to sustain and maintain such
circumstances with the use of the armed forces through peaceful operations and
through regional cooperation with the United Nations (UN). Therefore, it has to prepare
its armed forces for deployment for future conflicts that would threaten world peace
and stability.
 APPLICATION/ASSESSMENT

• FINAL REQUIREMENT: Individual Task

Make an analysis paper on the status of peace in the

Philippines.

Format:
Times New Roman – 12
Spacing 1.5
Size A4 (Submit it in Word Format)

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