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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of Study
meaning, the addressee needs to observe the situation and condition of the
environment. This study of the context is what is called pragmatics.
To convey the ideas of the speaker and to get the responds from the
addressee, there are speech acts that people could use. In this thesis, the researcher
is using a speech acts classificasion explained by Searle. There are five kinds of
speech act, representatives, directives, commisives, expressives, and declarations.
. One of
those speech acts is directive utterances. It said by the speaker to get the addressee
to do something (Searle, 1976: 13). These could b
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utterances such as command, offer, invite, ask, order, request, beg, permit, dare,
and challenge.
Directive utterances are expressed by three kinds of linguistic forms.
Sadock and Zwicky in Levinson (1983: 242) state that there are three basic
sentence-types, interrogative, imperative, and declarative. These linguistic forms
are used by people in directive utterances to get the addressee to do something.
Interrogative sentences would probably not only have the intention of asking
something, it could have another intentions. Some of those different intentions are
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facial expression after the employee states the price for the second time. The basic
function of this utterance is a confirming.
Based on the phenomenon above, the researcher is conducting the research
A PRAGMATIC STUDY ON THE ILLOCUTIONARY FORCE
B. Problem Statement
Based on the background of study, the research problems are formulated
as follows:
1. In what contexts are interrogative sentences have used as its
C. Problem Limitation
In the film, a character must be clear in uttering the sentences to get the
things done and in performing the action. Yule states that speech acts are divided
into direct and indirect speech acts (1985). When the speaker tries to convey the
meaning to the addressee using the straightforward noun or verb, he/ she is
performing direct speech act. But when the speaker does not use straightforward
noun or verb, he/ she is performing indirect speech act.
Austin stated in Jaworski and Coupland that there are three kinds of sense
in performing an utterance: locutionary act, illocutionary force, and perlocutionary
effect (1999). The semantic meaning of the sentence without using any context is
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the addressee responds after the speaker performs the utterance is the
perlocutionary effect.
Searle in Levinson (1983: 240) classifies speech acts as declarations,
representatives, expressive, directives, and commisives. Three forms of utterances
of directives speech acts are interrogative, imperative and declarative utterances.
To limit the research, what the researcher analyzed is the illocutionary force of
interrogative sentences in contexts and causing some other acts taken as the main
focus in this research. The researcher focuses on what illocutionary force occurs
D. Research Objectives
This research answers the problem statement which is stated before. The
objectives of the research are as follows:
1. To describe the contexts of interrrogative sentences that have its
movie.
2. To explain the illocutionary force of interrogative sentences employed
by the characters.
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