Secondary Sources

"Accomplishments of Electric Mouse Used in Phone Relays." Union Bulletin [Walla Walla] 10
July 1952: 23. Access Newspaper Archives. Web. 25 Nov. 2015.
This newspaper article talks of a mouse that navigates its way through a maze, a
way to provide information to help improve telephone service.
"A Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems" N.d. University of Miami Computer Science.
Web. 16 Dec. 2015.
This was a photograph of Shannons paper on cryptography.
Alan Turing. N.d. Technocafe. Web. 18 Jan. 2016.
This photograph of Alan Turing told about what he accomplished.
"A Mathematical Theory of Communication" N.d. UC Berkeley. Web. 18 Jan. 2016.
This picture was a chart included in Shannons landmark paper.
"A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Currents" N.d. Kuenzig. Web. 18 Dec. 2015.
This picture showed a page from another paper that Shannon wrote.
Binary Digits. N.d. Jerome Abel. Web. 6 Jan. 2016.
This was a diagram modeling true and false using 1s and 0s.
Biography.com Editors. "Alan Turing Biography." Bio.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web.
18 Jan. 2016.
This biography on Alan Turing contributed to the information on perspectives.
Boolean Algebra. N.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2016.
This picture shows switches based on Boolean algebra.
Chiu, Lin, Mcferron, Petigara, and Seshasi. Mathematical Theory of Claude Shannon. N.p.: MIT,
n.d. PDF.
This was a source analyzing information theory and Claude Shannon.
"Claude E. Shannon." IEEE Information Theory Society, 2015. Web. 23 Nov. 2015.

This source explored the time Shannon worked at Bell Laboratories.

"Claude E. Shannon, 84; MIT Mathematician." Sentinel & Enterprise [Medford] 28 Feb. 2001:
C6. Access Newspaper Archive. Web. 25 Nov. 2015.
This obituary found in a newspaper talked about how Shannons discoveries are
the foundation of modern technology.
Claude Shannon Demonstrates Machine Learning. Dir. Sean Palmer. AT&T Archives and
History Center, 17 May 2014. Web. 24 Dec. 2015.
This was a very helpful video describing the mouse maze, one of the many
machines he built.
"Claude Shannon." Magnet Academy. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2015.
This source mentions how Claude Shannon used Boolean Algebra in information
theory and told of the awards he won.
"Claude Shannon, Medford, 84, Outlined Binary Code Theory for Information Age."The Sun 28
Feb. 2001: 14. Access Newspaper Archive. Web. 25 Nov. 2015.
An obituary once again talking about the amazing achievements in science and
technology due to Shannon.
Claude Shannon. N.d. Computer History Museum. Web. 18 Jan. 2016.
This was a picture of Claude Shannon.
Claude Shannon. N.d. The Guardian. Web. 18 Jan. 2016.
This was another helpful picture of Claude Shannon.
"Claude Shannon, Visionary in Information Theory, Dies." The Post-Standard 28 Feb. 2001: A2.
Web. 25 Nov. 2015.
This newspaper article tells that his work sparked the communications revolution
and contributed to artificial intelligence.
Computation History - Claude Shannon. Dir. BinaryCore Media. N.p., 30 Apr. 2013. Web. 26
Dec. 2015.

This podcast gave information on his influence in artificial intelligence and other
fields.
"Dave Forney." E-mail interview. 30 Nov. 2015.
This interview told about Mr. Forneys experience with information theory.
Deffree, Suzanne. "Claude Shannon, Father of Information Theory." N.p., 30 Apr. 2013. Web.
21 Oct. 2015.
This source provided in-depth information on Claudes work during WWII. It
mentioned that he is also credited with the introduction of sampling theory.
Entropy Diagram. N.d. What Is Information? Web. 18 Jan. 2016.
This was a diagram of entropy mentioned in A Mathematical Theory of
communication.
Gleick, James. The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood. New York: Pantheon, 2011. Print.
This book told about the history of communication, the information age, and
Claude Shannon.
Houle, David. Entering the Shift Age: The End of the Information Age and the New Era of
Transformation. Naperville: Source, 2012. Print.
This book mentions the leading up to the Shift Age, the Information Age. Claude
Shannon was the one to kick off the Information Age (aka digital age).
Juggling Clowns. N.d. Heinz Nixdorf Forum Museum. Web. 18 Jan. 2016.
This was a photo of a juggling clown chart.
"Machine vs. Human-Robot 'Challenges' Chess Expert." The Independent [Long Beach] 12 Nov.
1951: 11. Access Newspaper Archives. Web. 25 Nov. 2015.
This article informs about a human taking on a computer playing chess machine
in an upcoming chess tournament.
Markowsky, George. "Claude Shannon | American Engineer." Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
Encyclopedia Britannica, 16 Dec. 2013. Web. 17 Nov. 2015.

This source included information on Shannons partnership with Vannevar Bush,

together they worked on the differential analyzer.
Nahin, Paul J. The Logician and the Engineer: How George Boole and Claude Shannon
Created the Information Age. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2013. Print.
This highly informative book told how George Boole, creator of Boolean algebra
and Claude Shannon digitalized the world. Shannon used Booles ideas to create
information theory.
Navajo Code Talkers. N.d. Gordon College. Web. 1 Dec. 2015.
This was a picture of a comic where they translate binary digits into the Navajo
code.
O'Connor, J. J., and E. F. Robertson. "Claude Elwood Shannon." University of St. Andrews. 23
Oct. 2015.
This source told about Claude Shannons life and research; this source included
quotes from Slepian, Gallager, and Minsky about Shannon.
Paper Cover. N.d. Augmented Space. Web. 18 Jan. 2016.
This was a picture of the original edition of A Mathematical Theory of
Communication.
"Peter Neumann." E-mail interview. 25 Nov. 2015.
Mr. Neumann said that talking with professors at MIT and George Boole
contributed to his master thesis and that Shannon mentored many students who
themselves had an important impact.
"Programming a Computer For Playing Chess" N.d. ViaLibri. Web. 18 Jan. 2016.
This was a picture of Shannons paper written for chess.
"Scientists Hit Jackpot-Here's Machine Multiplies Itself!" Long Beach Press Telegram 11 Apr.
1953: n. pag. Access Newspaper Archives. Web. 25 Nov. 2015.

Shannon talks about building a machine that can multiply itself, a computer to play
complex games, and a machine to do grocery shopping.
Segal, Jerome. "Shannon, Claude Elwood." Glossarium-BITri. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
This encyclopedia article was most helpful in outlining the major points of
Shannons findings. It showed that his work on cryptography helped to develop
information technology.
Tech Icons: Claude Shannon. AT&T Tech Channel, 9 Apr. 2011. Web. 18 Jan. 2016.
This video was used to describe the long-term effect of Claude Shannons work,
an excerpt of this video about Claude Shannon talking was used.
The Man Who Turned Paper Into Pixels. Dir. Adam Westbrook. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Jan. 2016.
This was one of the most helpful sources because it explained clearly how a
message or image is transmitted across all the noise using bits or binary digits to
represent each piece of information.
"The Third Industrial Revolution." The Economist. The Economist Newspaper, 21 Apr. 2012.
Web. 23 Nov. 2015.
This source have facts about the third industrial revolution, or the digital
revolution. Shannon is given credit for starting this movement.
"The Ultimate Machine" N.d. Living Edge. Web. 18 Jan. 2016.
This was a photo of one of Shannons inventions: a box with a hand to turn itself
off.
Thomson, Scott. "Zip, Zip, Check! Computer Chess Not for Rookies." The Joplin Globe 7 June
1987: 12D. Access Newspaper Archives. Web. 25 Nov. 2015.
This newspaper article reported that Shannon discovered a way to relay
information through a computer to play chess, a feat because it has to consider
every possibility.

Tufty, Barbara. "Says Radio Contact With Mars Would Be Simple." El-Paso Herald Post. 4 May
1954: 5. Access Newspaper Archives. Web. 25 Nov. 2015.
In this source, Shannon tells about the simplicity of establishing a communication
with extraterrestrial beings using mathematics.
Ubell, Earl. "Machines May Take Over in Mathematics." The Amarillo Daily News 1 Feb. 1957:
26. Access Newspaper Archives. Web. 25 Nov. 2015.
In this source, Shannon discusses the fact that machines may take over in
mathematics soon; this is proof that Shannon believed in artificial intelligence.
Waldrop, M. Mitchell. "Claude Shannon: Reluctant Father of the Digital Age." MIT Technology
Review. N.p., 01 July 2001. Web. 23 Nov. 2015.
This article showed the importance of Shannon in modern technology and
summed up his lifes research; it also describe many of the machines he invented.