An-Najah National

University

Civil Engineering Department
Mechanics Of Materials Lab (61208)
Report Grading Sheet
Instructor Name: Eng. Lama
Asmah & Eng Raya Noor
Academic Year: 2013/2014
Semester:2nd semester

Experiment # 2

: Equilibrium

of Beam

Performed on:
Submitted on:

Students:
1- Anas Qadarh
3- Jehad Kalbonh
Section

2- Ehab Ashor
4-

Projects Outcomes
ILO 1 =15%

ILO 2 =40%
ILO 3 =30%
Evaluation Criterion

ILO 4 =15%
Grade

Objective:
Sufficient, Clear and complete statement of objectives.
Theory
Presents sufficiently the theoretical basis.
Apparatus:
Apparatus
sufficiently
described
to
enable
another
experimenter to identify the equipment needed to conduct the
experiment.
Experimental Results and Calculations (data collected)
Results analyzed correctly. Experimental findings adequately
and specifically summarized, in graphical, tabular, and/or
written form.
Discussion and Conclusions
Crisp explanation of experimental results. Comparison of
theoretical predictions to experimental results, including
discussion of accuracy and error analysis in some cases.
Conclusions summarize the major findings from the
experimental results with adequate specificity.
Recommendations appropriate in light of conclusions. Correct
grammar.
References
Complete and consistent bibliographic information that would
enable the reader to find the reference of interest.
Sources of error:
Appearance

1
1
0.5

2.5

.5
1
0.5

Points

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Title page is complete, page numbers applied, content is well
organized, correct spelling, fonts are consistent, good visual
appeal.
Total

10

Objective:To verify the use of condition of

equilibrium to determine the reaction
for simply and supported beam and
cantilever beam.
Introduction:In this experiment we will study about
equilibrium of beam and we want to
calculate the reaction comes from the beam
by using two technique simply support
beam and canteliver under equilibrium
condition and we chose the beam because
it is a most common example of parallel
force in equilibrium . And as we know the
beam support will develop a vertical
reaction to carry the weight on the beam
and the self- weight of beam itself.

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Theory :
Here we use equilibrium
equation for simply supported beam
and cantilever beam :
Fx = 0
Fy = 0
Mo = 0
SUPPORT TYPES
The three common types of
connections which join a built
structure to its foundation
are: roller, pinned and fixed supports .
ROLLER SUPPORTS
Roller supports are free to rotate and
translate along the surface upon
which the roller rests. The surface can

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be horizontal, vertical, or sloped at any

angle.
PIN SUPPORTS
A pinned support can resist both
vertical and horizontal forces but not a
moment. They will allow the structural
member to rotate, but not to translate
in any direction.
FIXED SUPPORTS
Fixed supports can resist vertical and
horizontal forces as well as a moment.
Type of beam :
1. Simply supported beam
2. Continuos beam
3. Cantilever beam
4. Over hang beam
Apparatus :
1-Beam

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2-Weights
3-Mechanical balance.

4-Water balance.

5-Spring.
6-Hangers

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Experimental Results and Calculations (data

collected)
Simply Support

M A=0
( By * L ) ( P * a ) = 0
By =

Pa
L

F y=0
Ay + By P = 0
Ay = P By
Ay = P
F x=0

Pa
L

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Ax = 0

Table (1)
Reaction for a simply supported beam
Beam span =1

Right
Reactio
n Exp
(gm)

Left
Reactio
n
Theory
(N)

Left
Reaction
Exp (N)

Left
Reactio
n Exp
(gm)

758*9.81/1
00
=7.43598
9.49608
8.4366
5.01291
6.66099

758
968
860
511
679

17.60895

1795

Right
Reaction
Theory (N)

Right
Reaction
Exp (N)

10*250/100
0
=2.5
6
8.5
15
23.4

248*9.81/10
00
=2.43288
5.86638
8.3385
14.80329
23.09274

248
598
850
1509
2354

10-2.5
=7.5
9
8.5
5
6.6

24.25

23.87754

2434

17.75

Positio
n (mm)

Load
(N)

250
400
500
750
780
250,80
0

10
15
17
20
30
17,25

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%error Right Reaction

%error Left Reaction

2.4328-2.5/2.5 x 100%
= %2.6848

7.43589-7.5/7.5 x 100%
= % 0.8536

%2.227

%5.512

%1.9

%0.745

%1.311

%0.2582

%1.313

%0.924

%1.5

%0.794

% Avg error Left Reaction

= 1.5%

% Avg error Right Reaction =

1.82%

Shear Digram & Moment Digram :

Cantilever

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M spring=0
R supp * a
R supp =

+
PL
a

P*L = 0
,L=1m

F y=0
R supp P R . spring = 0
R spring =

PL
a

-P

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Table (2)
Reaction for a cantilever supported beam
Beam span =1

% error
spring
Reaction
6.5-5/5
x100%
= %1.118
%2
%0.66

%error
support
Reactio
n
%1.118
%3.617
%0.04

Fixing
Momen
t = P*L
(N.M)

Distance
Between
Reactaion
(mm)

5
10
15

500
500
500

% Avg error Support Reaction =

% Avg error Spring Reaction =

Spring
Reactio
n
Theory
(N)

Spring
Reactio
n Exp
(N)

10-5
=5
10
15

1.59%

10.88%

Discussion and Conclusions :

6.5
9.8
14.9

Support
Reactio
n
Theory (
N)
5*1/0.5
=10
20
30

Support
Support
Reactio
Reaction
n Exp
Exp ( N )
( gm )
1009*9.81
/1000
= 9.8882
1009
19.2766
1967
29.988
3060

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In this experiment , we determine the

reaction and we have learned about the
different types of beams and their
supporters (simply and cantilever) . we
have studied beam in static equilibrium
condition . we calculated the reactions
and compared them with experiment
results . we found that the percentage of
errors
were
relatively
law
andThe
averages percentage of errors in the
experiment is a low. This mean that the
experiment was successful and the
devices are good and can be used we can
reduce these errors by different ways.
and we can find the error in the balance
readings by measuring a known weights
and then we can correct the measured
results . and be more careful in
calculations.
Standard specification :% of error 5%
acceptable.
5 % %of error 15%
needs calibration
% of error > 15%
defected .

error is
the device
the device is

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References :
The reference in these experiment : Eng.
Raya and Manual book
And information within website .

Sources of error :
1)
2)

Some mistakes in calculations .

The nature and device can be

produce errors

3) Water balance might not be in

the horizontal exactly.
4) The errors in tools such as:
The reading of the spring might
have some errors.
5) Human error (not accuracy in
balancing the beam)and make it
horizontal , and reading results in
spring.
6) Mechanical error (balance).