REGENERATIVE SPEED BREAKER

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by

S.AKASH
M.ARUNKUMAR

Under the guidance of

Mr. K. ASRAR AHMED

Assistant professor

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

B.S.ABDUR RAHMAN UNIVERSITY

(B.S. ABDUR RAHMAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY)
(Est. u/s 3 of the UGC Act. 1956)
www.bsauniv.ac.in

DECEMBER 2015

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report REGENERATIVE SPEED BREAKER is the

bonafide work of

S.AKASH (RRN: 120021601015)

M.ARUNKUMAR (RRN: 120021601023)

Who carried out the project work under my supervision. Certified further, that
to the best of my knowledge the work reported herein does not form part of any other
project report or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred
on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.

SIGNATURE

SIGNATURE

Mr.K.ASRAR AHAMED

Dr. M. MURUGAN

GUIDE
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engg.
B.S. Abdur Rahman University
Vandalur, Chennai 600 048

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Professor & Head
Department of Mechanical Engg.
B.S. Abdur Rahman University
Vandalur, Chennai 600 048

ABSTRACT

In the present scenario power becomes

major need for human life. Due to day-to-day increase in population and lessen
of the conventional sources, it becomes necessary that we must depend on
non-conventional sources for power generation. While moving, the vehicles
possess some kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic energy can be
utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement called POWER
HUMP.
The Kinetic energy of moving vehicles can be converted
into mechanical energy of the shaft through rack and pinion mechanism. This
shaft is connected to the electric dynamo and it produces electrical energy
proportional to traffic density. This generated power can be regulated by using
Zener diode for continuous supply. All this mechanism can be housed under the
dome like speed breaker, which is called hump. The generated power can be
used for general purpose like streetlights, traffic signals.
The electrical output can be improved by
arranging these power humps in series this generated power can be amplified
and stored by using different electric devices. The maintenance cost of hump is
almost nullified. By adopting this arrangement, we can satisfy the future
demands to some extent.

Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Electricity 6
1.1.1 Demand in India.6
1.1.2 Need for alternate source 7
1.1.3 Various Renewable resources.7
2. Analysis and statement8
3. Principle
9
4. Design of parts
4.1 Design of base plate10
4.2 Design of top
plate...13
4.3 Design of Rack and pinion.15
4.4 Design of
spring.17
5. Construction and
working.18
6. Bill of materials
19
7. Complete assembly of Regenerative speed breaker.
.20
8. Graphs and charts
8.1 Progress chart.....21
8.2 Schedule chart..
21

9. Future scope and

improvements.22
10. Conclusion.
23

LIST OF FIGURES

1. INTRODUCTION
Fig 1.1.1 Growing power demand in India..6
4. DESIGN OF PARTS
Fig 4.1 Design of base plate.11
Fig 4.1.1 Dimensions of base plate...11
Fig 4.1.2 Dimensions of corner suspension tube12
Fig 4.1.3 Dimensions of centre suspension tube12
Fig 4.1.4 Dimensions of Motor supporting plate..13
Fig 4.2 Design of top plate
14
Fig 4.2.1 Dimensions of top plate..14
Fig 4.2.2 Dimensions of corner suspension rod..15
Fig 4.2.3 Dimensions of centre suspension rod..15
Fig 4.3 Design of rack and pinion..16
Fig 4.3.1 Dimensions of rack.16
Fig 4.3.2 Dimensions of pinion..16
Fig 4.3.3 Dimensions of large gear...17
Fig 4.3.4 Dimensions of gear shaft17
Fig 4.4 Dimensions of spring..18

8. COMPLETE ASSEMBLY OF REGERATIVE SPEED BREAKER.................21

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 ELECTRICITY
Electricity is a little different from the other sources of
energy that we talk about. Unlike coal, petroleum, or solar energy, electricity is a
secondary source of energy. That means we must use other primary sources of
energy, such as coal or wind, to make electricity. It also means we cant classify
electricity as a renewable or nonrenewable form of energy. The energy source we
use to make electricity may be renewable or nonrenewable, but the electricity is
neither.
1.1.1 DEMAND IN INDIA
Expanding access to energy means including 2.4 billion
people: 1.4 billion that still have no access to electricity and 1 billion that only has
access to unreliable electricity networks. We need smart and practical approaches
because energy, as a driver of development, plays a central role in both fighting
poverty and addressing climate change. It is estimated that kitchen smoke leads to
around 1.5 million premature deaths every year, more than the number of deaths
from malaria each year. After gaining access to energy, households generate more
income, are more productive and are less hungry, further multiplying the Millennium
Development Goal's progress.

1.1.2 NEED FOR ALTERNATE SOURCE

India is facing an acute energy scarcity which is
hampering its industrial growth and economic progress. Setting up of new power
plants is inevitably dependent on import of highly volatile fossil fuels. Thus, it is
essential to tackle the energy crisis through judicious utilization of abundant the
renewable energy resources, such as biomass energy, solar energy, wind
energy and geothermal energy. Apart from augmenting the energy supply, renewable
resources will help India in mitigating climate change. India is heavily dependent on
fossil fuels for its energy needs. Most of the power generation is carried out by coal
and mineral oil-based power plants which contribute heavily to greenhouse gases
emission.

1.1.3 VARIOUS RENEWABLE SOURCES

Hydro electricity captures energy from falling water.

Wind energy is the generation of electricity from the wind.
Solar energy is the use of sunlight. Light can be changed into thermal (heat)

energy and electric energy.

Geothermal energy is the use of the earth's internal heat to boil water for

heating buildings or generating electricity.

Biofuel and Ethanol are plant-derived gasoline substitutes for powering
vehicles.

Hydrogen can serve as a means of delivering energy produced by various

technologies.

2. ANALYSIS AND STATEMENT

2.1 PROBLEM ANALYSIS

The vehicles possess some kinetic energy and it is being

wasted. This kinetic energy can be utilized to produce power

by using a special arrangement called POWER HUMP.

The Kinetic energy of moving vehicles can be converted into
mechanical energy of the shaft through rack and pinion
mechanism. This shaft is connected to the electric dynamo
and it produces electrical energy proportional to traffic

density.
This generated power can be regulated by using Zener
diode for continuous supply. All this mechanism can be
housed under the dome like speed breaker, which is called

hump.
The generated power can be used for general purpose like

streetlights, traffic signals.

The electrical output can be improved by arranging these
power humps in series this generated power can be

amplified and stored by using different electric devices.

The maintenance cost of hump is almost nullified.
By adopting this arrangement, we can satisfy the future
demands to some extent.

3. PRINCIPLE

10

It works on the principle that while moving, the vehicles possess some
kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic energy can be utilized to produce
power by using a special arrangement called POWER HUMP. It is an ElectroMechanical unit.
It utilizes both mechanical technologies and electrical techniques for the
power generation and its storage. POWER HUMP is a dome like device likely to be
speed breaker.
Whenever the vehicle is allowed to pass over the dome it gets
pressed downwards then the springs are attached to the dome is compressed and the
rack which is attached to the bottom of the dome moves downward in reciprocating
motion.
Since the rack has teeth connected to gears, there exists conversion of reciprocating
motion of rack into rotary motion of gears but the two gears rotate in opposite direction.
Whenever an armature rotates between the magnetic fields of south and north poles,
an E.M.F is induced in it. So, for inducing the E.M.F armature coil has to rotate, for
rotating this armature it is connected to a long shaft.
All this mechanism can be housed under the dome, like speed
breaker, which is called HUMP. The electrical output can be improved by arranging
these POWER HUMPS in series. This generated power can be amplified and stored by
using different electrical devices.

4. DESIGN OF PARTS
Fig 4.1 DESIGN OF BASE PLATE

11

Fig 4.1.1 Dimensions of base plate:

Length of the base plate: 500mm

Breadth of the base plate: 300mm

Thickness of the base plate: 3mm

Fig 4.1.2 DIMENSIONS OF CORNER SUSPENSION PIPE:

12

Outer diameter: 20mm

Inner diameter: 18mm

Length of the tube: 120mm

Fig 4.1.3 DIMENSIONS OF CENTRE SUSPENSION PIPE:

Outer diameter: 40mm

Inner diameter: 38mm
Length of the tube: 120mm

13

Fig 4.1.4 DIMENSIONS OF MOTOR SUPPORTING PLATE

Width of the plate: 120mm

Thickness of the plate: 3mm
Height of plate: 150mm with 30mm bent on the lower side
Diameter of smaller hole: 5mm
Diameter of larger hole: 15mm

Fig 4.2 DIMENSIONS OF TOP PLATE:

14

Fig 4.2.1 Dimensions of Top plate:

Length of the top plate: 500mm

Breadth of the top plate: 300mm

Thickness of the top plate: 3mm

Fig 4.2.2 DIMENSIONS OF CORNER SUSPENSION ROD

15

Diameter: 10mm
Length: 140mm

Fig 4.2.3 DIMENSIONS OF CENTRE SUSPENSION ROD

Diameter: 20mm
Length: 140mm

4.3 DESIGN OF RACK AND PINION

16

Fig 4.3.1 DIMENSIONS OF RACK

Rack pitch distance: 18mm

Total length: 160mm
Linear pitch Prack: 6mm
Fig 4.3.2 DIMENSIONS OF PINION

Module: 1.5mm
Number of teeth: 10
Face width: 10mm
Pressure Angle: 0.5

Fig 4.3.3 DIMENSIONS OF LARGE GEAR

17

Module: 1.5mm

Number of teeth: 36

Face width: 10mm

Pressure Angle: 0.5

Fig 4.3.4 DIMENSIONS OF GEAR SHAFT

Diameter: 5mm
Length: 60mm

Fig 4.4 DIMENSIONS OF SPRING

18

DIMENSIONS
Middle diameter D: 35mm
Material diameter d: 5mm
Effective number of coils: 19
Pitch t: 12mm
Spring index c: 8.8
K=1.66
Helix angle: 5.0

5. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

19

Speed breaker POWER GENERATOR Converters basically new

concept of non-conventional energy generation. It is electro-mechanical energy
generating machine. This machine converts reciprocating motion in to rotary motion.
Here first important point is how we get reciprocating motion, which is prime
input in the system. For that we use weight of Moving vehicle on the Speed
breaker.
We put our machine underneath the Sped breaker installing different
units. All the units are connected to the common shaft using chain and

sprocket drive.
The head of rack is brought up to level beneath the speed breaker
surface. When vehicle moves on the speed breaker, the rack it will be

pushed down.
The rack is attached with free wheel type pinion that rotates. The rack

& pinion arrangement convert reciprocating motion in to rotary motion.

This rotary motion is further magnified using reciprocating motion

using another set of gear.

A "generator" and "motor" is essentially the same thing: what you call
it depends on whether electricity is going into the unit or coming out of

it.
A generator produces electricity. In a generator, something causes the
shaft and armature to spin. This generated power is used for various
application required by different user.

6. BILL OF MATERIALS

20

S.N
O

PART

MATERIAL
SHEET

PLATE

CORNER TUBES

QUANTIT
Y

COST

240

STEEL

40

CORNER RODS

STEEL

20

CENTRE TUBES

STEEL

40

CENTRE ROD

STEEL

50

RACK

STEEL

120

PINION

STEEL

60

GEAR

STEEL

80

SPRING

STEEL

140

10

MACHINING AND WELDING

80

11

MOTOR

470

METAL

7. COMPLETE ASSEMBLY OF REGENERATIVE SPEED BREAKER

21

22

8. REPORTS AND GRAPHS

PROGRESS CHART

PHA
SE

WORK DONE

AUGUST

SEPTEMB
ER

OCTOBER

NOVEMBE
R

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3

PHA
SI I

PHA
SE II

Idea
Generation
Project
Finalization
Guide
signature
Abstract
Submission
Benchmarking
2-D Design
3-D Design

PHA
SE
III

Analysis
Optimization
Finalization

23

9. FUTURE SCOPE AND IMPROVEMENTS

It can be implemented at metropolitan cities So that more electric

power is produced.

The stored electricity could satisfy the daily requirement of

electric power.

It can be implemented at parking of multiplexes, malls, toll

booths, signals, etc.

By improving the design, the output can be increased

considerably.

By performing mass production, the cost per unit part can be

drastically reduced,

Labour charges are reduced and the overall production cost can
be reduced up to 50%

Instead relying completely on solar power, these are

supplementary power production sources that have an
advantage of cost effectiveness.

Such speed breakers can be designed for heavy vehicles, thus

increasing input torque and ultimately output of generator.

More suitable and compact mechanisms to enhance efficiency.

24

10. CONCLUSION

There is an urgent need for transition from petroleum-based

energy systems to one based on renewable resources to decrease reliance on
depleting reserves of fossil fuels and to mitigate climate change.
In addition, renewable energy has the potential to create many
employment opportunities at all levels, especially in rural areas.
An emphasis on presenting the real picture of massive
renewable energy potential, it would be possible to attract foreign investments
to herald a Green Energy Revolution in India.
Apart from augmenting the energy supply, renewable resources
will help India in mitigating climate change. India is heavily dependent on fossil
fuels for its energy needs.
Most of the power generation is carried out by coal and mineral
oil-based power plants which contribute heavily to greenhouse gases emission
Thus our project emphasizes on one of the major problem in
the world and a means to solve daily power requirements such as street lights,
traffic digital sign boards etc.

25