Experiment # 01

OBJECT:
To study the diffusion of a solute in a liquid solvent. (Distilled water).

APPARATUS:
Unit QDTL of Edibon.
Sodium chloride
A chronometer
Distilled Water

THEORY:
The irreversible flow from higher concentration to lower concentration is called
diffusion. The diffusion gives back the system to its balance state.
The experimental determination of the diffusion coefficient DAB for a binary mixture, can be
performed with a device such that, A small volume tube with a filtering cell which has a certain
number of pores has been placed at one of its ends. A concentrated solution of salt (sodium
chloride) has been introduced inside. The tube is introduced in a vessel with pure solvent
(distilled water). Now, the diffusion starts, and it will be indirectly measured by the conductivity
data. A thermostatic bath allows us to make the experiments at different temperatures.

DIMENSIONS:
Tank for liquids (experimentation vessel), capacity: 2.5 L
Magnetic stirrer (range: 0-300 rpm)
Conductivity (S - micro Siemens; mS- milli Siemens)
Range
Measurement
Resolution
200 S
0.1 to 199.9 S
0.1 S
2 mS
0.2 to 1.999 mS
0.001 mS

Abdul Nafe, Faizan Umer, M.Mukarram Hassan

Experiment # 01
20 mS

2 to 19.99 mS

0.01 mS

FORMULA:
D ab

dk
4V x
dt
2
N D MCM

Where,
dk
dt

mS
=Conductivity variation speed regarding time ( m 3 )
mole
m3 )

M =Morality of the solution (

N =Number of Capillaries (317)
3

x =Capillary length (5x 10

m)
3

D =Diameter of Capillary (1x 10

m)

V =Volume of distilled water (L*B*H)

M 2 M
C 2C 1
=Conductivity Variation=

CM

mS
mole
m3

where,

M1

and

M2

are

interpolated molarities at that particular conductivity

D AB

Diffusivity coefficient, it is a slope between time and conductivity (

mS

Sec

PROCEDURE:
The cell is filled up with 2M NaCl solution. Fill up completely the cell and clear up any excess
from the solution of the cell outside and from the capillary ends using filter paper.
Put the cell in its position within the receptacle of the measurement unit with distill water
(approximately 1.5L or 2L). The distilled water level must surpass 5 mm above the diffusion cell.
Afterward, the magnetic stirrer will be turned ON at a not very quick speed. Later, the
conductometer will be turned on and the user will start measuring the conductivity, for example,
every 30 seconds, stops the practical after 5 same reading.

Abdul Nafe, Faizan Umer, M.Mukarram Hassan

Experiment # 01
OBSERVATION:
Reference table:

S.NO CONCENTRATION
(M)

CONDUCTIVITY
(ms)

5.817x 10

1.550

5.987x 10

1.623

6.160x 10

1.780

7x 10

S.N
O

Time

1.863

Conductivit
y

Molarity
of
Solution

Cm

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

CALCULATION:
GRAPH:

T v/s Conductivity

Abdul Nafe, Faizan Umer, M.Mukarram Hassan

dk/dt

Experiment # 01

T v/s Dab

RESULT:
DISCUSSION:

Abdul Nafe, Faizan Umer, M.Mukarram Hassan