Multivariable calculus, 2010-10-29.

Per-Sverre Svendsen, Tel.035 - 16 76 15/0709 - 398 526.

Minimum requirements: Grade 5: 27p, 4: 21p, 3: 15p.
You are allowed to use one unmarked, ordinary (non-mathematical) dictionary of your choice.
No additional written material is allowed. Also, no calculators or any other electronic equipment.

1. Find an equation of the tangent plane to the surface x3 zy 2 + 2z 3 + 1 = 0

at the point (1, 2, 1).
2. Find the following limit or show that it does not exist

lim
(x,y)(0,0)

x2 y 2
p
.
x2 + y 2

(2p)

3. Find and classify all critical points of the function f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 6xy + 5x + 9y.
ZZ
4. Calculate

(2p)

(2p)

x2 exy dx dy , where D is a triangle with vertices at (0, 0), (1, 0), and (1, 1). (3p)

ZZ
5. Calculate

(2x + y)2
dx dy ,
(2x y)2 + 1

where = {(x, y) R2 | 0 2x y 1, 0 2x + y 2}.

(3p)

6. Find the absolute minimum and maximum values of f (x, y, z) = 3x 2y z

subject to the constraint x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 14.
7. Find the absolute minimum and maximum values of g(x, y) = (x2 + y 2 ) ex
on the set A = {(x, y) R2 | x2 + 4y 2 4}.
ZZZ
8. Calculate

(3p)
2

4y 2

(5p)

xyz
dx dy dz ,
x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 1

K = {(x, y, z) R3 | x2 + y 2 + z 2 1, x 0, y 0, z 0}.

(5p)

ZZ
9. Calculate

z dS, where the surface S is the part of the paraboloid

S

z = 2 x2 y 2 that lies above the cone z =

x2 + y 2 .

(5p)

Reference formulas and equations in Multivariable Calculus

Trigonometry and Logarithms

xy
xy
cos
2
2
x+y
xy
cos x cos y = 2 sin
sin
2
2
x+y
xy
cos x + cos y = 2 cos
cos
2
2

sin(x y) = sin x cos y cos x sin y

sin x sin y = 2 sin

cos(x y) = cos x cos y sin x sin y

tan x tan y
1 tan x tan y
cot x cot y 1
cot (x y) =
cot x + cot y
tan (x y) =

2 sin x sin y = cos(x y) cos(x + y)

2 cos x cos y = cos(x y) + cos(x + y)

sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x

cos 2x = cos2 x sin2 x = 2 cos2 x 1 = 1 2 sin2 x 2 sin x cos y = sin(x y) + sin(x + y)

ln x + ln y = ln xy

ln x ln y = ln

ln xa = a ln x

(x, y > 0)

x
y

Standard limits
lim x loga x = 0 (a > 1, > 0)

x0+

sin x
=1
x
ln(1 + x)
lim
=1
x0
x
x
e 1
lim
=1
x0
x
lim

x0

ax
= (a > 1)
x x

x
lim
= (a > 1, > 0)
x loga x
an
lim
=0
n n!
lim

Basic derivatives
f (x)

f 0 (x)

xa

axa1

ax

ax ln a

ln |x|

1
x

sin x

cos x

cos x

sin x

tan x

1 + tan2 x =

arccos x
arctan x


p


ln x + x2 + 
1
2x

x2 + +

1
1 x2
1

1 x2
1
1 + x2
1

x2 +
p
x2 +

arcsin x

ln x + x2 + 

1
cos2 x

Taylor Series
Taylors formula for a function f : R R
f (a + h) = f (a) + f 0 (a) h +

X
f 00 (a) 2
f (n) (a) n
h + =
h
2
n!
n=0

Table of particular expansions (a = 0, h x)

1.

X
1
=
xk = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + (1 < x < 1)
1x
k=0

2. (x + 1) = 1 + x +

3. ex =

( 1)( 2) 3
( 1) 2
x +
x + (1 < x < 1)
2
23

X
1
1
1 k
x = 1 + x + x2 + x3 +
k!
2
6

k=0

4. sin x =

X
1
1 5
(1)k+1 2k1
x
= x x3 +
x
(2k 1)!
6
120

k=1

5. cos x =

X
1
1
(1)k 2k
x = 1 x2 + x4
(2k)!
2
24

k=0

6. ln(x + 1) =

X
1
1
(1)k+1 k
x = x x2 + x3 (1 < x 1)
k
2
3

k=1

7. arctan x =

X
k=1

1
1
(1)k+1 2k1
x
= x x3 + x5 (1 x 1)
(2k 1)
3
5

Taylors formula for a function f : R2 R


1 2
f (a + h, b + k) = f (a, b) + h fx (a, b) + kfy (a, b) +
h fxx (a, b) + 2hkfxy (a, b) + k 2 fyy (a, b) + =
2

X
1 
n
h
+k
f (x, y)(a,b)
n!
x
y
n=0

Tangent plane
Function z = f (x, y)
Equation of tangent plane through the point (a, b, f (a, b))
z = f (a, b) + fx (a, b)(x a) + fy (a, b)(y b)
Level surface F (x, y, z) = C
Equation of tangent plane through the point (a, b, c)
Fx (a, b, c)(x a) + Fy (a, b, c)(y b) + Fz (a, b, c)(z c) = 0

Directional derivative
The directional derivative of a function f : R3 R at the point (a, b, c) and direction u (|u| = 1)
Du f (a, b, c) = fu0 (a, b, c) = u f (a, b, c) = u (fx (a, b, c), fy (a, b, c), fz (a, b, c)).

Double Integrals
General substitution
Assume a one-to-one mapping between a region D in the xy-plane and a region Duv in the uv-plane

x = x(u, v)
u = u(x, y)

v = v(x, y)
y = y(u, v)
ZZ
Then

ZZ
f (x, y) dxdy =

with

 (x, y) 


f (x(u, v), y(u, v)) 
 dudv,
(u, v)

Duv



xv 
 6= 0.

yv 



 xu
(x, y)

= 

(u, v)
 yu

Polar coordinates

x = r cos

r sin

(x, y)
= r,
(r, )

ZZ

ZZ
f (x, y) dxdy =

f (r cos , r sin ) rdr d

Dr

Triple Integrals
General substitution
As above assume a one-to-one mapping between points (x, y, z) in and (u, v, w) in uvw .
ZZ
ZZ
 (x, y, z) 


f (x, y, z) dxdydz =
f (x(u, v, w), y(u, v, w), z(u, v, w)) 
 dudvdw,
(u, v, w)

with

uvw

(x, y, z)
6= 0
(u, v, w)

Spherical coordinates

x = sin cos

y = sin sin

z =
cos
(x, y, z)
= 2 sin
(, , )
ZZZ
ZZZ
f (x, y, z) dxdydz =
f ( sin cos , sin sin , cos ) 2 sin d d d

Line Integrals
Tangent line integral
Given a parametrized curve C : r(t) = (x(t), y(t), z(t)), a t b and a vector field F = (P, Q, R).
Zb

(P, Q, R) (x (t), y (t), z (t)) dt =

F dr =
C

Zb 


P x0 (t) + Q y 0 (t) + R z 0 (t) dt

Line integral with respect to arc length

Assume a curve C as above and a function f : R3 R.
Zb

Z
f (x, y, z) ds =

f (x(t), y(t), z(t))

(x0 (t))2 + (y 0 (t))2 + (z 0 (t))2 dt, (ds = d|r|)

Greens theorem
Given a plane, closed, positively oriented curve C that encloses a region D and a field F = (P, Q).
I
ZZ 
Q
P 
F dr =

dxdy
x
y
C

Surface Integrals
General parametrized surface
S : r = r(u, v) = (x(u, v), y(u, v), z(u, v)), (u, v)  D.
ZZ
ZZ
 r
r 


f (x, y, z) dS =
f (r(u, v)) 
 dudv
u v
S

Function graph z = h(x, y)

S : r = (x, y, z) = (x, y, h(x, y)).
ZZ
ZZ
q
f (x, y, z) dS =
f (x, y, h(x, y)) 1 + h2x + h2y dxdy
S

Gauss theorem
Given a space region K with (closed) surface boundary S and a field F .
n is the outer unit normal vector of the surface.
ZZ
ZZZ
F n dS =
F dx dy dz.
S