MGM 561

Statistical Methods for Research

Exercise 2
1. The Baley Scale of Infant Development, which has a mean of 100 and a standard
deviation of 16, was given to a group of 36 infants who were exposed to a new
educational procedure developed at a university. Their average score was 105.6. Is
there evidence that this group of children had an unusually high average on the
test?
2. An insurance companys records show that the mean payout for all automobile
claims is $1800 and standard deviation is $400. Suppose 90 claims are filed in
one week. What is the probability that the average is more than $1900?
3. In a sample of 100 households in a specific city, the following
distribution of number of people per household was observed:
1
7

Number of people, x
Number of households,
fx

2
f2

3
20

4
f4

5
18

6
10

7
5

The mean number of people per household was found to be 4.0.

However, the frequencies for two and four members per
household (f2 and f4 respectively) are missing.
(i) Calculate the missing frequencies f2 and f4
(ii) Find the median of these data, and hence comment on the
symmetry of the
data
4. A random sample of 15 observations is taken from a normally distributed
population of values. The sample mean is 94.2 and the sample variance is 24.86.
Calculate a 99% confidence interval for the population mean.
5. A study was conducted to investigate lengths of stay, in days, of short-term stay
patients in a particular hospital. Independent random samples of 40 male patients
and 35 female patients were selected and the lengths of stay of these patients are
given in the following tables:
4
6
10
1
1

8
6
7
7
8

2
8
5
2
1

6
7
7
8
3

Male
9
3
7
11
9

6
5
6
5
3

4
6
9
6
1

10
1
2
2
3

2
8
3
7
3

7
6
5
2
6

5
4
4
4
5

Female
1
9
1
5
6
5
4
11
9
6

1
4
1
6
2

3
4
8
8
3

2
Male: xM 215 , xM
1, 481 ; Female: xF 168 and xF2 1, 026

The male observations are assumed to be normally distributed with mean 1 and
standard deviation 1 , and independently the female observations are assumed to
be normally distributed with mean 2 and standard deviation 2 .
Suppose that it is known that 1 3.0 days and 2 2.5 days. Construct a 95%
confidence interval for the difference between the mean length of stay for males
and the mean length of stay for females, that is for 1 2 . Comment briefly on
any implications of this confidence interval.
Suppose now that 1 and 2 are unknown. Perform a two-sample t-test to
investigate whether there is a difference between the mean length of stay for
males and the mean length of stay for females, assuming that 1 and 2 are
equal.
Show that the variances in the male and female samples are not significantly
different at the 5% level.
Suppose you are not prepared to assume more than you feel is absolutely
necessary in particular you do not want to assume that 1 and 2 are equal, nor
that the observations necessarily come from normal populations.
6. A random sample of 25 recent claim amounts in a general
insurance context is taken from a population that you may
assume is normally distributed. In units of 1,000, the sample
mean is x = 9.416 and the sample standard deviation is s =
2.105. Calculate a 95% one-sided upper confidence limit (that is,
the upper limit k of a confidence interval of the form (0,k)) for the
standard deviation of the claim amounts in the population.
7. Consider the following questions:a. A random sample of 200 policy surrender values (in units
of 1,000) yields a mean of 43.6 and a standard deviation
of 82.2. Determine a 99% confidence interval for the true
underlying mean surrender value for such policies.
b. Suppose that a random sample of nine observations is taken from a normal
distribution with mean, 0 . Let X and S 2 denote the sample mean and
variance respectively. Determine (to 2 decimal places) the probability that
the value of X exceeds that of S, i.e. determine P( X S).
8. Consider then, the following questions:a. A random sample of size 10 is taken from a normal population
with standard deviation = 15 and the sample standard

deviation, S, is calculated. The value of a such that P(S > a) =

0.95 is
b. A set of 10 independent sample values of a normal random
variable, X, yield a sample mean of 130.2, and a sample
standard deviation of 25.0. What is a 90% confidence interval for
the population mean?
Solutions:#1

X i ~ N X 100, s 2 162 and n 36

It is seen that, X 105.6
H 0 : X 105.6

versus

H1 : X 105.6

If H 0 is true, then
T

X 105.6

3 X 105.6

~ t35
8
16 / 36
At 5%, t5%,34 1.691 whereas t5%,36 1.688 . Then,
1.691 1.688
t5%,35
1.6895
2
3 100 105.6
Reject null hypothesis if T t5%,35 . T
2.1 . T t5%,35 , reject
8
null hypothesis.
The new education procedure affects the average childrens scores.
#2

2
X
X i ~ N , 2 , then, X ~ N , and thus,
~ tn 1

n
s
/
n

a
Pr tn 1

/ n

/ n / n

1900 1800
Pr X 1900 Pr t89
Pr t89 2.372
400 / 90

Pr X a Pr

#3
7 f 2 20 f 4 18 10 5 100

f 2 f 4 100 60
f 2 f 4 40

(eq 1)

7 1 f 2 2 20 3 f 4 4 18 5 10 6 5 7
4
100
7 2 f 2 60 4 f 4 90 60 35 400
2 f 2 4 f 4 400 252
f 2 2 f 4 74
(eq 2)
(eq 2) (eq 1)
f 4 74 40 34
M

f 2 40 34 6

X 50 X 51 4 4

4
2
2

In constructing boxplot diagram,

Q1 3 and Q3 5
IQR Q3 Q1 5 3 2

LI Q1 1.5 IQR 3 1.5 2 0

UI Q3 1.5 IQR 5 1.5 2 8
It is observed that, X 1 1 LI and X 100 7 UI . No outlier exist in the data.
Further, M X 4 . We can say that, the data are symmetric.
#4
For i 1,...,15 ,

X i ~ N X 94.2, X2 24.86

24.86

2
Then, X ~ N X 94.2, X
,
15

By considering the null hypothesis, H 0 : X , if H 0 is true, then

24.86

X ~ N , 2
and thus,
X
15

X
~ N 0,1
24.86
15
At 1% , we may compute Z 0.5% Z 0.5% 2.576 . Then, the 99% confidence
interval,
2.576

X
24.86
15

2.576

24.86
24.86
X 2.576
15
15
24.86
24.86
2.576
X 2.576
15
15
24.86
24.86
X 2.576
X 2.576
15
15
2.576

With, X 94.2 ,

For i 1,...,15 ,

90.8837 97.5163
CI99% 90.8837,97.5163

X i ~ N , 2

2
X
~
N

,
Then,

By considering the null hypothesis, H 0 : X , if H 0 is true, then

2
s2
X ~ N , and A n 1

n
2

X
~ N 0,1
Thus, T
s/ n
Then, the confidence interval at 1 100% is formed as follows
t / 2, n 1
t / 2, n 1
t / 2, n 1
X t / 2, n 1

X
s/ n

t / 2, n 1

X t / 2, n 1

n
s
n
s

X t / 2, n 1

X t / 2, n 1

s
n
s
n
s
n

s
s
CI 1 100% X t / 2, n 1
, X t / 2, n 1
n
n

For 99% confidence interval, is set as 1%. Then, for n 15 , t0.5%,14 2.977 . It is set
that, X 94.2 and s 2 24.86

24.86
24.86
CI 1 0.1 100% 94.2 2.977
,94.2 2.977

15
15

CI99% 90.3675,98.0325

#5
Male:-

2 , 22

X i,1 ~ N 1 , 12

i 1,..., 40

Female:X i,2 ~ N

i 1,...,35

X1 X 2 1 2
12
40

2
2

12

then, X1 ~ N 1 ,

40

22

ten, X 2 ~ N 2 ,

35

~ N 0,1

35

At 5% , we may compute Z 2.5% Z 2.5% 1.96 . Then, the 95% confidence

interval,
X1 X 2 1 2 1.96
1.96
12 22

40 35
1.96

12 22
2 2

X1 X 2 1 2 1.96 1 2
40 35
40 35

1.96

12 22
2 2

1 2 X1 X 2 1.96 1 2
40 35
40 35

12 22
12 22
X1 X 2 1.96 40 35 1 2 X1 X 2 1.96 40 35
215
168
X1
5.375 and X 2
4.8 ; then;
40
35
32 2.52
32 2.52

1 2 5.375 4.8 1.96

40 35
40 35
0.575 1.96 0.225 0.1786 1 2 0.575 1.96 0.225 0.1786

5.375 4.8 1.96

0.6702 1 2 1.8202
CI95% 0.6702,1.8202

Statistically, 1 2 0 .

H 0 : 1 2 0

versus H 0 : 1 2 0

Male:-

X i,1 ~ N 1 , 2

i 1,..., 40

2
X
~
N

,
1

then, 1

40

i 1,...,35

2
X
~
N

,
2

ten, 2

35

Female:-

X i,2 ~ N 2 , 2

X1 X 2 1 2
1
1

40 35

~ N 0,1

2
Male: xM 215 , xM
1, 481 ; Female: xF 168 and xF2 1, 026

s12
s12

1481 215 / 40
39

8.3429

sP2

1026 168 / 35
34

6.4588

39 s12 34 s12 39 8.3429 34 6.4588

7.4654
39 34
73

X1 X 2 1 2

~ t73
1
1
sP

40 35
At 5% ,
t2.5%,70 1.994 and t2.5%,80 1.990 , then,
t2.5%,73 t2.5%,80

73 80
70 80

t2.5%,70 t2.5%,80
7
t2.5%,73 t2.5%,80 t2.5%,70 t2.5%,80
10
7
t2.5%,73 1.990 1.994 1.990
10
t2.5%,73 1.9928

0.575 0
7.4654 7.4654

40
35

0.909

It is observed that, T t2.5%,73 . Do not reject null hypothesis. The mean length of stay
for males and the mean length of stay for females are not different.
s2
2
A 39 1 ~ 39
2
1

s2
2
B 34 2 ~ 34
2
2

and

H 0 : 1 2 versus H1 : 1 2
A / 39 s12 / 2 s12

~ F39,35
If H 0 is true, F
B / 35 s22 / 2 s22
At 5% , F0.975,39,34 0.5204 and F0.025,39,34 1.9508 . The null hypothesis is
true if F0.975,39,34 F F0.025,39,34
8.3429
1.2917 F0.025,39,34 . The null hypothesis is not rejected. There is
6.4588
significantly no difference between variance of male and female waiting length.
F

X1 X 2 1 2
s12 s22

n1 n2
s 2 s 2
1 2
n1 n2

~ tw

8.3429 6.4588

40
35

72.99 73
2
2
2
2
8.3429
6.4588
s 2
s 2

1
2
35
40

n1
n2

39
34
n1 1
n2 1
At 5% ,
t2.5%,73 t2.5%,70
t2.5%,80 t2.5%,70

73 70
80 70

t2.5%,73 t2.5%,70 t2.5%,80 t2.5%,70

3
10

t2.5%,73 1.994 1.990 1.994

0.575

3
1.9928
10

0.9171

8.3429 6.4588

40
35

T t2.5%,73 . We do not reject null hypothesis.

#6

X i ~ N , 2

For, i 1,..., 25 ,

X 9.416 and s 2.105 .

A 24

s2

2
~ 24

s2
s 2
s 2
1 1
Pr 24
24 Pr A 24 0.05

k
2
k 2
k 2

Pr k Pr

s 2
Pr A 24 0.05

k 2

24

s2
k2

ks

36.42
24
24
2.105
1.709
36.42
36.42

#7
a

2
X ~ N , with X 43.6 and s 82.2 .

200

X
T
~ t199
s / 200
Pr a T a 0.99 . Here, a t0.5%,199 . In statistical table, it is given that
t0.5%,150 2.609 and t0.5%,200 2.601 . Using interpolation,
a t0.5%,150
t0.5%,200 t0.5%,150

199 150
200 150

a t0.5%,150 t0.5%,200 t0.5%,150

49
50

a 2.609 2.601 2.609

49
2.60116
50

a T a
X
a
a
s / 200
as
as

X
200
200
as
as
X
X
200
200
82.2
82.2
43.6 2.60116
43.6 2.60116
200
200
28.481 58.719
b
2
X ~ N 0,

X
~ t8
s/3

X
s

Pr T 3 a
s / 3 s / 3
Given Pr T t1%,8 2.896 and Pr T t0.5%,8 3.355 . By using interpolation,
a 0.5%
3 3.355

1% 0.5% 2.896 3.355

0.355
a 0.5% 0.5%
0.887%
0.459
Pr X s Pr

#8
a
A9

s2

~ 92
9s 2

9a 2
9a 2
Pr s a Pr

Pr A 2 0.95 . From the statistical table,

2

2
15

2
95%,9
3.325

9a 2
152
9a 2
152

3.325

152
a
3.325 9.1173
9

2
X ~ N , with X 130.2 and s 25 .

10

X
T
~ t9
s / 10
Pr a T a 0.9 . Here, a t5%,9 1.833
a T a
X
a
a
s / 200
as
as

X
200
200
as
as
X
X
200
200
25
25
130.2 1.833
130.2 1.833
10
10
115.709 144.691