2016

Bridge Engineering group Assignme

Group members
Amanuel MULUGETA
MASTEWAL BITEW
ZENEBE KEBEDE
BANTU ELLY
 Influence line diagram for Reaction at A
Lets first determine the indeterminacy of the structure
A structure is determinate if NR<NE; and not if NR>NE.
Their fore, the structure is indeterminate structure, with one Degree of
indeterminacy
NR=4 and NE=3
To determine the influence line diagram we shall use the Maxwell’s
reciprocal theorem,

Ra=
Yxa
Yaa
Where,
YXA= The deflection at the support A because of load application at any
distance X.
YAA= The deflection at the support A because of the load application at A
And we know that RB = 2 and RC = 1
Now lest calculate the values of YAA & YXA, using the moment deflection
method.

EI 2 = -1x
2
∂ y
∂x
2
∂ y −x
EI = + C1
∂x 2
3
−x
EIy= +C 1 x +C 2
6
Let’s calculate the and find the value of the constants C1 & C2

At x= 14; y=0 ∴0= +C 1 14 +C 2 ¿;

3 3
−14 14
=C 1 14+ C2 ¿
6 ¿ 6 ¿
At x= 28; y=0 ∴ 0= +C 1 28+C 2 ¿ ;
3 3
−28 28
=C1 28+C 2¿
6 6
Solving the for the above equations we get
¿ ¿

C1=228.7 & C2=-2744.5

Substituting C1 & C2

∴ EIy=
3
−x
+228.7 x−2774.5
6
At x= 0; Y=YAA
3
−0
EI y AA = +228.7 ( 0 )−2774.5
6
y AA =−2774.5

At X=x; Y=YXA
3
−x
EIy= +228.7 x−2774.5
6
For influence line we are taking the value of “X” as a function of 0.1L
The following table shows at each 0.1L interval for the whole 28m beam and
gives the reaction at A for each interval.

Interval (a) Interval(x) YXA YAA

0 0 -2774.5 1

0.1 2.8 -2137.8 0.77

0.2 5.6 -1523.0 0.54

0.3 8.4 -952.2 0.34

0.4 11.2 -447.2 0.16

0.5 14 -30.0 0.00

0.6 16.8 277.3 -0.10

0.7 19.6 453.0 -0.16

0.8 22.4 475.1 -0.17

0.9 25.2 321.5 -0.11

1.0 28 -29.5 0.00

0
0 14 28

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Influence line diagram for reaction A

Calculating influence line for bending moment at D (i.e. we took point

D, because it’s not specified at which point we should do the influence
line.)

i.e point D be at the center of beam segment BC

 Again, let’s use the Maxwell’s reciprocal method to find the bending
moment at point D when the load is moving from point A to point C.
The formula is as follows:
Y ' XD
M D=
ϕ DD

Where;
Y ' XD= Deflection at any section X due to unit couple at D.

ϕ DD= Rotation at D due to unit couple at D.

Step-1: Finding Reactions

Let’s consider the equilibrium of the portion to the right of D.
M D =0=RC ( 7 )−1

1
RC =
7
Lets consider the equilibrium of the portion to the left of D, segment
AD.
M D =0=R A ( 21 ) + R B +1

Now consider the whole beam

R A ( 21 ) =R B ( 7 ) +1

∑ F y =0

R A + R C =R B
1
R A + =R B
7

Solving for the above equations we get the

1
R B=
7
1
RA=
7
2
Rc =
7

Step 2: Formulating Y ' XD∧ϕ DD

For span AD
 ⋮+(x-14)
2
∂ y −x
EI 2
=
∂x 7
2
∂ y −x 2 (x−14 )
EI = + C1 ⋮ +
∂ x 14 2
3 6
−x (x−14)
EIy= +C 1 x +C 2 ⋮ +
42 6
At X=0 Y=0 ∴C2=0
At X=14 Y=0
3
−14
EIy=0= +C1 14+C 2
42
∴C1=4.67
Hence, The slope and deflection equation for span AD are:
2 2
∂ y −x (x−14)
EI = + 4.67 ⋮ + Eq .1
∂ x 14 2
3
−x 3 ( x−14)
EIy= + 4.67 x ⋮ + Eq .2
42 6

∴ at x=21
3
−21
EIy= + 4.67 ( 21 ) +57.17=−65.26
42
For span DC
X is measured from D to the right
The shear force near D is because it will be the opposite of Rc.
1
7

2
∂ y 1
EI 2
= x−1
∂x 7
2
∂y x
EI = −x+ C1
∂ x 14
3 2
x x
EIy= − +C 1 x +C 2
42 2

At x=0
∴ C 2=−65.26
EIy=−65.7
 At x=7
3 2
7 7
EIy=0= − +C 1 7−65.26
42 2
∴ C 1=+11.7
Hence the slope & deflection equation will be:
2
∂y x
EI = −x+ 11.7 Eq .3
∂ x 14
3 2
x x
EIy= − +11.7 x −65.26 Eq.4
42 2
Calculating ϕ DD
ϕ DD is calculated as the angel difference at point D, Mathematically:-
∂y ∂y
− =ϕ
∂ x DA ∂ x DC DD

We know that EI ; for segment AD

2
∂ y −x 2 ( x−14 )
= + 4.67 ⋮ +
∂ x 14 2
2
∂y x
EI = −x+ 3.49; for segment DC
∂ x 14
at x=21; from the right of A(segment DA)
∂ y −212 ( 21−14 )2
= +4.67 ⋮ + =−2.33
At x=0; from the right of D (segment DC)
∂x 14 2

3 2
0 0
EIy= − +11.7 ( 0 )−65.26=+65.26
42 2
∴ϕ DD=
∂y ∂y
− =−2.33−( 65.26 )=−67.59

Calculating Y ' XD
∂ x DA ∂ x DC

The following table shows the value of Y ' XD

a X From D Y ' XD MDD

0 0 - 0 0

0.1 2.8 - 12.55333 -0.18573

0.2 5.6 - 21.97067 -0.32506

0.3 8.4 - 25.116 -0.37159

0.4 11.2 - 18.85333 -0.27894

0.5 14 - 0.046667 -0.00069

0.6 16.8 - -30.7813 0.455412

0.7 19.6 - -58.4733 0.865118

0.75 21 - -65.2633 0.965576

0.8 22.4 1.4 -49.7947 0.736717

0.9 25.2 4.2 -23.176 0.342891

1 28 7 0.306667 -0.00454

Therefor the influence line diagram will be

Influence line for bending moment at D

0
0 28

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