AUTOMOBILE
ENGINEERING
Automobile engineering is the study of
motor bikes, mopeds, scooters, cars,
trucks, busses, tractors and such vehicles.
An automobile may be defined as a self
propelled steerable device capable of
moving on land.
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Various
systems in
Automobiles
Engine / Power system
Petrol/Diesel
Mechanical Parts
Fuel System
Cooling System
Lubrication
Transmission
Clutch
Gearbox
Propeller Shaft
Differential
Drive Shafts
Suspension
Wheels
Springs
Dampers/Shock absorbers
Links
Chassis
Automobile
Steering
Ackerman System
Rack and Pinion
Pitman Arm
Body
Brakes
Electrical / Electronics
Hydraulic
Vacuum Booster
Air Brakes
Battery
Charging
Starting Motor
Ignition
Lighting
Engine Management
Body
transmission
Engine
chassis
suspension
4 wheel drive
Types vehicles.
1. Front transverse engine with front
wheel drive
2. Front longitudinal engine with rear wheel
drive
Front Longitudinal Engine with
Rear wheel drive
Front Transverse Engine with
Front wheel drive
Transmission
Clutch
Gearbox
Propeller shaft
Differential
Drive shafts
Clutch
A clutch mechanism which enables the
rotary motion of one shaft to be transmitted
to second shaft, whose axis is coincident
with that of first.
Clutch is located between the engine and
gear box.
When the clutch is engaged, the power
flows from engine to the rear wheels
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Clutch
Disengaged Starting the engine
Shifting the gear
Stopping the vehicle
Idling the engine
Engaged when the vehicle moving
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Function of clutch
To permit engagement or disengagement of
a gear when the vehicle is stationary and the
engine is running.
To permit the engine power to the road
wheels smoothly without shock to the
transmission system while setting the wheel
in motion
To permit the engaging of gear when the
vehicle is in motion without damaging the
gear wheel
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Gear Box or Transmission
This device transmits the power to the propeller shaft
changing the RPM.
It can be automatic or Manually operated.
In a car it is operated with the help of Gear lever which
helps the driver the gears according to his
requirement.
In a manually operated Gear box it is mandatory to
engage the clutch and then change the gear.
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Automobile transmission
Propeller Shaft or Drive shaft
It carries the power from the Transmission or the
Gearbox to the Differential.
It is a long tube like structure made up of hard
steel.
It is provided with universal Joints at one end and
the other has splines to fit it inside the yoke.
If there are multiple shafts in the vehicle, it can be
mounted in the cross member of the frame and also
can be inserted into the center bearing and
mounted in the member
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Differential or Rear Final Drive
It is a very important device which converts
mechanical energy to Motion.
It provides less motion to the inner wheel and
greater motion to the outer wheel while the vehicle
is being turned.
Drive pinion and Driven gear and Planetary gear
assy. are the important parts installed inside the
housing.
It holds the wheel hubs and break drums and the
cylinders and also carry half axel shafts which help
in moving the vehicle
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Parts of a differential
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Suspension system
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Suspension System
Uses springs and shock
absorbers to provide a
good ride and improved
handling.
Coil & leaf springs,
torsion bars and air
suspension are all used.
Most shock absorbers are
hydraulic or air operated.
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Steering System
Two types used:
Conventional or
parallelogram steering
used on larger cars
and trucks.
Rack and pinion
steering used on most
cars.
Conventional on
trucks, heavy
vehicles.
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Full Frame Chassis
Uses welded steel alloy
metal
C-channel or box frame
construction
Used on large cars and
most all trucks
Body made in separate
unit and bolted to chassis
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Chassis Related Systems
Braking
system
Suspension
system
Steering
system
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Braking System
The purpose of the
braking system is of
course, to stop the car.
Brakes are used on all
wheels and is
hydraulically operated.
Two common types of
brake assemblies are
used.
Disc Brakes
Drum Brakes
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Drum Brakes
Uses a drum which
spins with the wheel.
Stationary brake
shoes are pressed out
from the inside to
cause friction.
Used on rear brakes
of many cars.
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Starting System
Uses a battery and
electric starting motor
(cranking motor) to crank
over the engine for
starting
Battery
Cranking motor
Solenoid
Key switch
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Wires
Charging System
The charging system has two
functions:
1 To recharge the battery
after starting.
2 To provide all the
electricity for the vehicle while
the engine is running.
The battery provides power
while the engine is not running
Battery/alternator/voltage
regulator
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Electronic controls system
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ABS Anti-Lock Braking System
Helps driver stop under control
Keeps brakes from locking up
Pulses brakes
Enables car to be turned
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