1.

Descriptive Text

KRAKATOA

Krakatoa is one of the volcanoes of the

Identificati
on

Sunda Volcanic arc. The volcano was formed by

the

subduction

of

the Indian-Australian

Plate

Under the Eurasian Plate.

Krakatau (Krakatoa) is located in the Sunda
Strait, 40 km of the west coast of Java on the
island of Rakata in Indonesia. The geographical
coordinates of Krakatoa are 16.7 South Latitude
Descriptio

and 105.4 East Longitude.

At its peak, Krakatoa reached a height of 790
m (2,600 ft.) above sea level. Its first known
eruption

occurred

in

416

A.D.

However,

this

2. Narrative Text

THE KING AND THE JESTER

There once lived a king. There was a jester in

his court. The king was so fond of him that he
Orientation

spent most of his time with him. Wherever he

went, the jester accompanied him.

One day, the king accidentally cut off one of

his fingers. He showed his bleeding hand to the
jester and exclaimed, See what has happened!
Complicatio
n

The jester said, It is all for the best.

For the best? said the king, angrily. I
have cut off my finger and you say, it is all for the
best. Go away! Dont show me your face!

I am sorry, my Lord, said the jester, if I

have hurt your feelings. And he begged for the
Resolution

kings forgiveness again and again. But the king

remained firm and the jester left the court.

Reorientati
onn

After a few days, the king went out hunting

They were looking for a man to be offered as
all by himself. He hunted for a while and grew
a sacrifice. They were glad to find the king alone,
tired. While he was resting under a tree, suddenly
weary and helpless. They were so many, and so
there appeared a gang of armed men.
strong that the king could not resist them. He
gave himself up himself up without a fight. He
seems to be just right, said their leader. But
lets make sure that he is perfect. Nobody with a

Complicatio

They examined the king and noticed that one

of his fingers was missing. Leave the man, said
Resolution

the leader. He is not fit. So the men released

the king and theking went away thinking his good
fortune.
As soon as the king returned to the palace,
he sent for the jester. I am sorry, I dismissed
you, said the king to the jester. You were right.
It was indeed for the best that my finger was cut
off. He narrated what had happened in the
forest. If my finger had not been cut off, the

Coda

would have killed me, he concluded.

The jester said, If you had bot dismissed me
I would have escorted you to the forest. If I had
escorted you, they would have offered me to the
goddess. It is all for the best, isnt it?
The king laughed heartily and gave him
twenty gold coins.

3. Procedure Text

Goal

The Basic Operation of a Digital Camera

You need:
Materials

A digital camera
An object (a friend/classmate or something
interesting you can find around the classroom or
school yard)
Follow the steps below to take pictures.

Steps

1. Hold up the camera and center the object in the

LCD
2. Move closer or use the zoom control for the
result you want
3. When youre ready to take the picture, hold the
shutter halfway. It is very important, so the
camera sets the focu, shutter speed, and
various other calculations. This may take a few
seconds.
4. A light should appear that lets you know the
camera is set to go.
5. Press shutter all the way down
It may be necessary to turn off the LCD and use
the view finder when there is extreme sunlight or
to conserve battery life. The glare from the LCD
does not work well with bright light.

4. Recount Text

Dr. MOHAMMAD HATTA

Every country has its great men and women
who are remembered for what they have done for
Orientation

their country. One of Indonesias great men is Dr.

Mohammad Hatta. He was a man with a deep love
for his country and people.
Dr. Mohammad Hatta was born in Bukit

Event 1

tinggi on August 12, 1902. While still in junior

high school in Bukit tinggi, he became interested
in

politics

and

joined

the

League

of

Young

Sumatrans.
He left Bukit tinggi to study in Batavia. Then,
he went to the Netherlands. He studied economics
Event 2

and gained a doctorate degree there. During his

stay

there

was

active

in

the

Nationalist

Movement. Because of his activities, he was

arrested.
In 1932 Hatta returned to Indonesia. He
joined a political organization called Pendidikan
Nasional Indonesia. One of its goals was to
Event 3

develop political awareness among the Indonesia

people. His activities again led to his arrest. The
colonial government exiled him to Boven Digul,
and later to Banda Neira. Shortly before the
Japanese invasion, he was brought back to Java.
When the Japanese surrendered in August

Event 4

1945, Soekarno and hatta proclaimed Indonesias

independence.

Hatta

became

the

first

vice-

president of the Republic of Indonesia.

Nowadays,
In
1956 Hatta
he resigned
is no longer
as vice-president
living among and
us.
However,himself
devoted
his spirit
to writing.
of loving
On March
the country
14, 1981and
Dr.
Event 5

nation is one
Mohammad
Hatta
of passed
the reasons
away in why
Jakarta.
he is well

5. Report Text

TELEVISION
Television, or TV, is one of humanitys most
important means of communication. It brings
pictures and sounds from around the world into
millions of homes.

General
Classificatio

People with a television set can sit in their

Reorientati

house and watch the president makes a speech or

visits a foreign country. They can see a war being
fought, and they can watch government leaders
try to bring about peace. Through television,
viewers at home can see and learn about people,
places, and things in far away lands. Television
even takes viewers out of this world as the
astronauts explore outer space.
In addition to all these things, television
brings its viewers a steady stream of programs
that

are

provides
include

designed
many

to

more

action-packes

entertain.

In

entertainment
dramas,

fact,

TV

programs

light comedies,

soap operas, sports events, cartoons, quizzes,

variety shows, and motion pictures.
More than 83 million homes in the United
States-or 98% of all the countrys homes-have at
least

one

television

set.

On

the

average,

Important influence on how people spend their

time, as well as on what they see and learn. After
they arrive from work, they usually watch TV.
Then, the importance of television in proven.

6. Explantion Text

WHY DO MEN HAVE DIFFERENT SKIN

COLORS?
People with the whitest skin colors can be
found in the north part of European continent.
Those people are called the Nordic. People with
General
statement to
position the
reader

the blackest skin colors can be found in the

west part of Africa. People of South East Asia
have yellowish brown skin color. However, most
of human being are not white, black, or yellow.
They represent hundreds of shadow colors.
Starting from those who have bright skin colors
to those who have dark brown or blackish skin
What causes all the differences in human
skin colors? The explanation in on the series on
chemical processes, which take place in human
body and their skin. In the skin layer there is

Sequenced
explanation

basic

color

chromogen.

substance
The

which

substance

is

called

basically

is

colorless. However, if a certain ferment or

enzym affects the basic color substance, a
certain skin color will be formed.
However, if a man doesnt have the basic
color substance or his/her enzym doesnt work
properly to the substance, he/she will become
an albino. It is because he/she doesnt have any
pigment. This can happen to anyone on the

there is an albino who is whiter than a whiteskinned European man.

Human skin itself without the existence of
the basic color substance, is ivory white. But
then, there is an added color, yellow, in the
skin. This color is caused by the existence of
the yellow pigment in the skin. Other variety of
skin colors also exists in black color skin. It is
due to the existence of the subtle granules from
the substance called melanin. Melanin has a
similar color with a squid. Yet, because of the
great pile of the substance, to our vision our
skin looks black.
Another color shadow can be added to the
skin by the red color of the blood which
circulates

all

around

the

body

under

the

network of skin layer.

So, human skin color depends on the
amount pf the four basic substance, i.e. white,
yellow, black and red. Those colors group and
form a certain color impression. All human skin
colors from different nations can be formed
from a combination of different basic color
which all men have.
Sun rays have an ability to create melaninthe black pigment in our skin. That is why
people who live in tropical area have more
pigment of this kind and have darker skin colors
than those who live in other area. But if a
white-skinned man exposes him/herself to the

7. Anecdote Text

BLESSING BEHIND TRAGEDY

There was a black family in Scotland years
ago. They were Clark family with nine children.
They had a dream to go to America. The family
Orientation

worked and saved. They were making plan to

travel with their children to America. It had taken
several years but finally they had saved enough
money. They had gotten passport. They had
booked seats for the whole family member in a
The entire family was full of anticipation and
excitement with their new life in America.
However few days before their departure, the

Crisis

youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor

sewed up the boy. Because of the possibility of
getting rabies, there were being quarantined for
long days. They were in quarantine when the
departure time came. The family dreams were
dashed. They could not make the trip to America
The father was full of disappointed and
anger. He stomped the dock to watch the ship
leaved without him and his family. He shed tears

Reaction

of disappointment. He cursed both his son and

God for the misfortune.
Five days latter, the tragic news spread
throughout Scotland. The ship, the mighty Titanic,
had shank. It took hundreds of passenger and
crew with it. Titanic which had been called the

unsinkable ship had sunk. It was unbelievable but

it was.
The Clak family should have been on that
ship, but because of the bitten son by a dog, they
were left behind. When the father heard the news,
he hugged the son and thanked him for saving the
family. He thanked God for saving their lives. It

8. Hortatory Exposition

THE MEDIA: A LANGUAGE TEACHER?

Ask People what they think of the media and

immediately youll get negative statements about
Thesis

the

silly

available.

box

or

However,

the
the

rubbish
media,

magazines

including

the

radio, is not all bad. In fact, it would be fair to say

that the media could also help you learn English.

Lets begin with television. Most films and

soap operas which are shown on television are in
Argument
1

English. These are, of course, subtitled. However,

by listening carefully to a film, you can pick up
new vocabulary, listen to a variery of accents or
reinforce what you already know.
What it comes to things like international

Argument
2

fashion, music and sport, most of the information

can be found in magazines published in English. If
you want to be up-to-date and improve your
English at the same time, all you have to do is buy
these publications.
Well, what about

the

radio?

Its

widely

known that many people, including teenagers,

Argument
3

listen to radio stations that play songs in English.

This is good listening practice, as they are contact
with the
language.
It can
also
them the
improve
These
are only
a few
of help
the ways
media
their
can pronunciation.
help with English language learning. The good
thing is that you can have fun at the same time.

Recommendati
on

9. Discussion Text
The development of science and technology
has enabled human beings to deploy the nuclear
Issue

energy.

Though

controversial,

the

many

use

of

the

countries

energy

are

is

having

Argument
for
Point

On the one hand, the use of nuclear as the

source of energy will make advantage for people.
The

Issue

electricity powered by nuclear energy

will provide electronic supply which is cheaper

and more efficient as the loss of energy could be
reduced. Even though the building of the nuclear
reactor takes high cost, several countries are

Argument

Point

On the other hand, many people believe that

the

use

of

nuclear

energy

will

endanger

humankind.
When the reactor is leaking, the radiation
would be extensively dire that it could devastate
Elaboratio

the whole humanity. Besides, it is feared that

some countries are preparing to make a massive
destroying weapon on the basis of nuclear power.
People around the world are very concerned

Conclusion
10. Review Text

about this issue and hope that their government

Dreams, symbols, signs, and adventure
will be able to protect them from any danger or
follow the reader like echoes of ancient wise
worry.
voices in The Alchemist, a novel that combines
an atmosphere of Medieval mysticism with the
song

of

the

desert.

With

this

symbolic

masterpiece Coelho states that we should not

avoid our destinies, and urges people to follow
their dreams, because to find our Personal Myth

Orientation

The novel tells the tale of Santiago, a boy

who has a dream and the courage to follow it.
After listening to the signs the boy ventures in
his personal, Ulysses-like journey of exploration
and self-discovery, symbolically searching for a
hidden treasure located near the pyramids in
Interpretat
ive

Egypt.
When he decides to go, his fathers only
advice is Travel the world until you see that our
castle is the greatest, and our women the most
beautiful.
In his journey,
sees that
the
The alchemist,
is an Santiago
exciting novel
greatness
ofoptimism;
the world,
and
allnovel
kindsthat
of
bursts with
it is
themeets
kind of
exciting
people
like kings
and as alchemists.
tells you that
everything
is possible
long as you
However,
by itthe
end of the
novel,
he discovers
really want
to happen.
Thay
may sound
like an
oversimplified version of new-age philosophy and
mysticism, but as Coelho states simple things are
the

most

valuable

and

only

wise

people

appreciate them.

Evaluative

Coelho also suggests that those who do not

The Alchemist is a novel that may appeal
have the courage to follow their Personal Myth,
to everybody, because we can all identify with
are doomed to a life of emptiness, misery, and
Santiago: all of us have dreams, and are dying for
unfulfillment. Fear of failure seems to be the
somebody to tell us that they may come true. The
greatest obstacle to happiness. As the old crystalnovel akillfully combines words of wisdom,
seller tragically confesses: I am afraid that great
philosophy, and simplicity of meaning and
disappointment awaits me, and so I prefer to