SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT

(GMAT)
Q.1 Paleontologists believe that fragments of a primate jawbone unearthed in Burma and estimated at 40 to 44 million
years old provide evidence of a crucial step along the evolutionary path that led to human beings.
(A) at 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of
(B) as being 40 to 44 million years old provides evidence of
(C) that it is 40 to 44 million years old provides evidence of what was
(D) to be 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of
(E) as 40 to 44 million years old provides evidence of
Q.2 The chairman of the board of directors have decided that this year's profits will be used for research and development,
rather than for a shareholder dividend.
(A) have decided that this year's profits will be used
(B) has decided that this year's profits will be used
(C) have decided on using this year's profits
(D) has decided on using this year's profits
(E) decided this year's profits will have been used
Q.3 Navigators have known for thousands of years that the ocean has variable currents, but it is only in the last half century
that a reasonably clear picture has emerged of the patterns and causes of ocean currents.
A. a reasonably clear picture has emerged of the patterns and causes of ocean currents
B. a reasonably clear picture of the patterns of ocean currents and their causes have emerged
C. a reasonably clear picture emerged of ocean currents, their patterns and the causes of them
D. there have emerged a reasonably clear picture of the patterns of ocean currents and what caused them
E. there had emerged a reasonably clear picture of the patterns of ocean currents and their causes
Q.4 The endurance and consistency of baseball star Lou Gehrig, known as The Iron Horse, are legendary.
(A) The endurance and consistency of baseball star Lou Gehrig, known as The Iron Horse, are legendary.
(B) The endurance and consistency of Lou Gehrig, a baseball star known as The Iron Horse, is legendary.
(C) Known as The Iron Horse, the endurance and consistency of Lou Gehrig, the baseball star, is legendary.
(D) The reason baseball star Lou Gehrig is known as The Iron Horse is because of his legendary endurance and
consistency.
(E) Known as The Iron Horse, baseball star Lou Gehrigs endurance and consistency are legendary.
Q. 5 Famed for his masterful use of irony, many of Guy de Maupassant's short stories have become classics due to the
author slowly revealing at the end of each piece a tragic twist of fate.
A. Famed for his masterful use of irony, many of Guy de Maupassant's short stories have become classics due to the author
slowly revealing at the end of each piece a tragic twist of fate.
B. Many of Guy de Maupassant's short stories have become classics because of how he famously and masterfully uses
irony, evident in the slow revelation of a tragic twist of fate at the end of each piece.
C. Famed for using irony in a masterful way, many of Guy de Maupassant's short stories have become classics because of
the author slowly revealing a tragic twist of fate at the end of each piece.
D. Many of Guy de Maupassant's short stories have become classics because of the author's famed and masterful use of
irony, evidenced in the slow revelation of a tragic twist of fate at the end of each piece.
E. Many of Guy de Maupassant's short stories have become classics because he slowly revealed a tragic twist of fate at the
end of each piece, demonstrating his famed and masterful use of irony.
Q. 6 The skill and the precision of the Anasazi, ancient inhabitants of the Southwest, in measuring the movements of the
Sun and Moon is evidenced not only at Chaco Canyon but at a number of other sites.
A. in measuring the movements of the Sun and Moon is evidenced not only at
B. in measuring the movements of the Sun and Moon are evidenced not only at
C. in measuring the movements of the Sun and Moon is evidenced at not only

D. to measure the movements of the Sun and Moon is evidenced at not only
E. to measure the movements of the Sun and Moon are evidenced not only at
Q. 7 Since 1986 enrollments of African Americans, American Indians, and Hispanic Americans in full-time engineering
programs in the United States has steadily increased, while the number of other students who enter the field has fallen.
(A) has steadily increased, while the number of other students who enter the field has fallen
(B) has steadily increased, while other students entering the field have declined in number
(C) increased steadily, while there was a decline in the number of other students entering the field
(D) have steadily increased, while the number of other students entering the field has fallen
(E) have steadily increased, while that of other students who enter the field fell.
Q. 8 Adult survivors of child abuse traditionally have had little or no chance that they could get their symptoms recognized
and treated.
(A) that they could get their symptoms recognized and treated
(B) to recognize and treat their symptoms
(C) of getting their symptoms recognized and treated
(D) of recognizing and treating symptoms
(E) of getting his or her symptoms recognized and treated
Q.9 Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, surpassed only by
heart disease and cancer
(a) ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, surpassed only
(b) rank as the nation's third leading cause of death, only surpassed
(c) has the rank of the nation's third leading cause of death, only surpassed
(d) are the nation's third leading causes of death, surpassed only
(e) have been ranked as the nation's third leading causes of death, only surpassed
Q.10 Published in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A.
Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.
(A) Published in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip
Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.
(B) Published in Harlem, two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his
reputation as a labor leader, were the owner and editor of the Messenger.
(C) Published in Harlem, the Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, A. Philip Randolph, who would
later make his reputation as a labor leader, and Chandler Owen.
(D) The Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would
later make his reputation as a labor leader, and published in Harlem.
(E) The owner and editor being two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his
reputation as a labor leader, the Messenger was published in Harlem.
Q.11 A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as
weak as some analysts previously thought.
A. claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought
B. claims suggests that the economy might not be so weak as some analysts have previously thought
C. claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as have been previously thought by some analysts
D. claims, suggesting about the economy that it might not be so weak as previously thought by some analysts
E. claims, suggesting the economy might not be as weak as previously thought to be by some analysts

Q.12 Although she had been known as an effective legislator first in the Texas Senate and later in the United States House
of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordans participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon
in 1974 was she made a nationally recognized figure, as it was televised nationwide.
(A) later in the United States House of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordans participation in the hearings on the
impeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974 was she made a nationally recognized figure, as it was
(B) later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized figure until
1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which were
(C) later in the Untied States House of Representatives, it was not until 1974 that Barbara Jordan became a nationally
recognized figure, with her participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which was
(D) then also later in the United States House of Representatives, not until 1974 did Barbara Jordan become a nationally
recognized figure, as she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, being
(E) then also later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized
figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which was
Q.13 While all states face similar industrial waste problems, the predominating industries and regulatory environment of
the states obviously determines the types and amounts of waste produced, as well as the cost of disposal.
(A) all states face similar industrial waste problems, the predominating industries and regulatory environment of the states
obviously determines
(B) each state faces a similar industrial waste problem, their predominant industries and regulatory environment obviously
determine
(C) all states face a similar industrial waste problem, their predominating industries and regulatory environment obviously
determines
(D) each state faces similar industrial waste problems, the predominant industries and regulatory environment of each state
obviously determines
(E) all states face similar industrial waste problems, the predominant industries and the regulatory environment of each
state obviously determine
Q.14 Lower-level management function most effectively when they have thorough training and unimpeded communication
with workers, supervisors, and one another.
(A) management function most effectively when they have
(B) managers function most effectively when they have
(C) management functions most effectively when they have
(D) managers function most effectively when they have
received
(E) management functions most effectively when it has
Q.15 One legacy of Madison Avenues recent campaign to appeal to people fifty years old and over is the realization that as
a person ages, their concerns change as well.
(A) the realization that as a person ages, their
(B) the realization that as people age, their
(C) to realize that when a person ages, his or her
(D) to realize that when people age, their
(E) realizing that as people age, their
Q.16 The Federalist papers, a strong defense of the United States Constitution and important as a body of work in political
science as well, represents the handiwork of three different authors.
(A) and important as a body of work in political science as well, represents
(B) as well as an important body of work in political science, represent
(C) and also a body of work of importance in political science is representing
(D) an important body of work in political science and has been representative of
(E) and as political science an important body of work too, represent
Q.17 The computer software being designed for a project studying Native American access to higher education will not
only meet the needs of that study, but also has the versatility and power of facilitating similar research endeavors.
(A) but also has the versatility and power of facilitating (B) but also have the versatility and power to facilitate

(C) but it also has the versatility and power to facilitate (D) and also have the versatility and power of facilitating
(E) and it also has such versatility and power that it can facilitate
Q.18 School integration plans that involve busing between suburban and central-city areas have contributed, according to a
recent study, to significant increases in housing integration, which, in turn, reduces any future need for busing.
(A) significant increases in housing integration, which, in turn, reduces
(B) significant integration increases in housing, which, in turn, reduces
(C) increase housing integration significantly, which, in turn, reduces
(D) increase housing integration significantly, in turn reducing
(E) significantly increase housing integration, which, in turn, reduce
Q.19 The particular design of muscles and bones in the neck and limbs of the turtle allow that it can draw in its exposed
parts such that an attacker can find nothing but hard shell to bite.
A. allow that it can draw in its exposed parts such that
C. allows for it to draw in its exposed parts and that
E. allows it to draw in its exposed parts, so that

B. allow it to draw in its exposed parts, and so

D. allows that it can draw in its exposed parts, and so

Q.20 The members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries usually comply with their decisions, which are
designed to maximize the long term profits of member nations.
A.their decisions, which are designed to maximize
C.their decisions that are designed for the maximization of
E.its decisions, designed as they are to maximize

B.its decisions, which are designed to maximize

D.its decisions that are designed for the maximization of

Q,21 Fossils of a whale that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and was subsequently butchered by
hominids have been recovered by paleontologists.
A. that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and was subsequently butchered by hominids have
B. that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and then was subsequently butchered by hominids has
C. that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago, which was subsequently butchered by hominids, has
D. having been beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and subsequently butchered by hominids, have
E. having beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and then subsequently were butchered by hominids
have
Q.22 The global-warming effect of ocean white caps are one of the many aspects of the ocean environment that are not yet
incorporated in any detail into the computer models used for predicting how rising greenhouse gas concentrations could
affect climate
A. The global-warming effect of ocean white caps are one of the many aspects of the ocean environment that are not yet
incorporated in any detail into the computer models used for predicting
B. The effect of ocean white caps on global warming are one of the many aspects of the ocean environment that are not yet
incorporated in any detail into the computer models, which they use to predict
C. The effect of ocean white caps on global warming is one of the many aspects of the ocean environment that are not yet
incorporated in any detail into the computer models used to predict
D. That ocean white caps have an effect on global warming is one of the many aspects of the ocean environment not yet
having been incorporated in any detail into the computer models used for predicting
E. That ocean white caps have an effect on global warming is one of the many aspects of the ocean environment not yet
being incorporated in any detail into the computer models, which they use to predict
Q,23 The only way for growers to salvage frozen citrus is to process them quickly into juice concentrate before they rot
when warmer weather returns.
(A) to process them quickly into juice concentrate before they rot when warmer weather returns
(B) if they are quickly processed into juice concentrate before warmer weather returns to rot them
(C) for them to be processed quickly into juice concentrate before the fruit rots when warmer weather returns

(D) if the fruit is quickly processed into juice concentrate before they rot when warmer weather returns
(E) to have it quickly processed into juice concentrate before warmer weather returns and rots the fruit
Q.24 Despite no proof that the consumption of any particular foods reverse hardening of the arteries, studies indicate that
refraining from eating certain foods could help reverse blockage of coronary arteries, the blood vessels that feed the heart.
(A) Despite no proof that the consumption of any particular foods reverse hardening of the arteries, studies indicate that
refraining from eating certain foods could
(B) Despite no foods having been proved to reverse hardening of the arteries when consumed, studies indicate that
refraining from eating certain foods can
(C) Although the consumption of no particular foods have been proved to reverse hardening of the arteries, studies indicate
that to refrain from eating certain foods could
(D) Although not proved that the consumption of any foods reverse hardening of the arteries, studies indicate that
refraining from eating certain foods can
(E) Although it has not been proved that the consumption of any particular food will reverse hardening of the arteries,
studies indicate that refraining from eating certain foods can
Q.25 Along with the drop in producer prices announced yesterday, the strong retail sales figures released today seem like it
is indicative that the economy, although growing slowly, is not nearing a recession.
(A) like it is indicative that
(D) indicative of

(B) as if to indicate
(C) to indicate that
(E) like an indication of

Q.26 Chinese, the most ancient of living writing systems, consists of tens of thousands of ideographic characters, each
character a miniature calligraphic composition inside its own square frame.
(A) each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside its
(B) all the characters a miniature calligraphic composition inside their
(C) all the characters a miniature calligraphic composition inside its
(D) every character a miniature calligraphic composition inside their
(E) each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside their
Q.27 A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as
weak as some analysts previously thought.
A. claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought
B. claims suggests that the economy might not be so weak as some analysts have previously thought
C. claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as have been previously thought by some analysts
D. claims, suggesting about the economy that it might not be so weak as previously thought by some analysts
E. claims, suggesting the economy might not be as weak as previously thought to be by some analysts
Q. 28 One of four babies are now born to mothers aged thirty years or more, compared with just one of six born in 1975.
(A) of four babies are now born to mothers aged thirty years or more, compared with just one of six born
(B) of four babies is now born to a mother whose age is thirty or older, compared to just one of six babies who were born
(C) baby in four are now born to mothers aged thirty or older, compared to just one in six
(D) baby in four is now born to a mother aged thirty or older, compared with just one in six
(E) baby in four is now born to mothers aged thirty years or more, compared to just one in six
Q.29 The themes that Rita Dove explores in her poetry is universal, encompassing much of the human condition while
occasionally she deals with racial issues.
A. is universal, encompassing much of the human condition while occasionally she deals
B. is universal, encompassing much of the human condition, also occasionally it deals
C. are universal, they encompass much of the human condition and occasionally deals
D. are universal, encompassing much of the human condition while occasionally dealing
E. are universal, they encompass much of the human condition, also occasionally are dealing

Q.30 The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an individual that, in
turn, create unconscious physiological response.
A) that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses. B) that creates unconscious physiological responses in turn.
C) creating, in turn, unconscious physiological responses.
D) to create, in turn, physiological responses that are unconscious.
E) who creates unconscious physiological responses in turn.
Q.31 Although it claims to delve into political issues, television can be superficial such as when each of the three major
networks broadcast exactly the same statement from a political candidate.
(A) superficial such as when each of the three major networks
(B) superficial, as can sometimes occur if all of the three major networks
(C) superficial if the three major networks all
(D) superficial whenever each of the three major networks
(E) superficial, as when the three major networks each
Q.32 The gyrfalcon, an arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times
greater than what they were when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970's.
(A) its numbers are now five times greater than what they were when
(B) its numbers now fivefold what they were when
(C) its numbers now five times more than when
(D) now with fivefold the numbers it had when (E) now with its numbers five greater since
Q.33 Unlike the original National Museum of Science and Technology in Italy, where the models are encased in glass or
operated only by staff members, the Virtual Leonardo Project, an online version of the museum, encourages visitors to
touch each exhibit, which thereby activates the animated functions of the piece.
A. exhibit, which thereby activates
D. exhibit and thereby activate

B. exhibit, in turn an activation of

E. exhibit which, as a result, activates

C. exhibit, and it will activate

Q.34 According to analysts, an alliance between three major personal computer companies and most of the nations largest
local telephone companies would enable customers to receive Internet data over regular telephone lines with speeds much
higher than is currently possible.
A. with speeds much higher than is
C. at much higher speeds as are

B. with speeds that are much higher than are

D. at much higher speeds than that

E. at speeds much higher than are

Q.35 Declining revenues resulting from a decrease in business travel, a source of income without which most commercial
airlines could not survive, are going to force many commercial airlines to increase prices and decrease services in the
coming months
(A) a source of income without which most commercial airlines could not survive, are
(B) a source of income without which most commercial airlines could not survive, is
(C) and most commercial airlines use it as a source of income to survive with, are
(D) which is a source of income which is needed by most commercial airlines who could not survive without it, are
(E) which most commercial airlines use as a source of income without which they are unable to survive, is
Q.36 Most of the purported health benefits of tea comes from antioxidantscompounds also found in beta carotene,
vitamin E, and vitamin C that inhibit the formation of plaque along the bodys blood vessels.
A. comes from antioxidantscompounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that
B. comes from antioxidantscompounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they
C. come from antioxidantscompounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and
D. come from antioxidantscompounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that
E. come from antioxidantscompounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they

Q.37 Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl, two volcanoes situated just outside of Mexico City, were considered by the Aztecs to
be the entombed souls of a warrior and his estranged lover, for whom they were also named.
(A) Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl, two volcanoes situated just outside of Mexico City, were considered by the Aztecs to be
the entombed souls of a warrior and his estranged lover, for whom they were also named.
(B) The Aztecs considered Popocatepetl and Iztaccihautl, two volcanoes situated just outside of Mexico City, to be the
entombed souls of a warrior and his estranged lover, for whom they also named them.
(C) The Aztecs named two volcanoes situated just outside of Mexico City for Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl, a warrior and
his estranged lover, whose entombed souls they were considered to be.
(D) Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl, two volcanoes situated just outside of Mexico City, were named by the Aztecs,
considering them to be the entombed souls of a warrior and his estranged lover.
(E) Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl, two volcanoes situated just outside of Mexico City, were named by the Aztecs, who
considered them to be the entombed souls of a warrior and his estranged lover.
Q.38 Women are expected to be the majority of students entering law school this fall, a trend ultimately placing more
women in leadership position in politics and business.
A. Women are expected to be the majority of students entering law school this fall, a trend ultimately placing
B .The majority of students entering law school this fall are expected to be women, a trend that will ultimately place
C .The majority of students entering law school this fall are expected to be women, which will ultimately place
D .It is expected that the majority of students entering law school this fall will be women, a trend ultimately placing
E It is expected for the women to be the majority of students entering law school this fall, which will ultimately place
Q.39 Although the first atom of radium, the heaviest of the earth metals, to be identified was observed in the summer of
1898 by physicists Marie and Pierre Curie, it had not been published until December, 1898
A. Although the first atom of radium, the heaviest of the earth metals, to be identified was observed in the summer of 1898
by physicists Marie and Pierre Curie, it had not been published until December, 1898
B. Although not published until December, 1898, in the summer of 1898 physicists Marie and Pierre Curie observed the
first atom of radium, the heaviest of the earth metals, to be identified
C. Although observed by physicists Marie and Pierre Curie in the summer of 1898, the discovery of the first identified
atom of radium, the heaviest of the earth metals, had not been published before December, 1898
D. The first atom of radium, the heaviest of the earth metals, to be identified was observed in the summer of 1898 by
physicists Marie and Pierre Curie, but the discovery was not published until December, 1898
E. The first identified atom of radium, the heaviest of the earth metals, was not published until December, 1898, while it
was observed in the summer of 1898 by physicists Marie and Pierre Curie
Q.40 The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over
them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms
them is moving rapidly, are known as "standing waves."
A) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are
(B) crests and troughs that remain stationary although they are formed by rapidly moving air, are
(C) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is
(D) stationary crests and troughs although they are formed by rapidly moving air, is
(E) stationary crests and troughs although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are

Q.41 A recent and popular self-help book wryly notes that if adolescence was not so painful, it would have a droll comedic
aspect, at least in retrospect.
A) was not so painful, it
C) were not so painful, they

B) was not so painful, they

D) were not so painful, it

E) were not so painful, being one

Q.42 The investigations of many psychologists and anthropologists support the generalization of there being little that is a
significant difference in the underlying mental processes manifested by people from different cultures.
(A) of there being little that is a significant difference
(B) of there being little that is significantly different
(C) of little that is significantly different
(D) that there is little that is significantly different
(E) that there is little of significant differences
Q.43 In her later poems, Phyllis Wheatley's blending of solar imagery, Judeo-Christian thought and figures, and the images
she borrowed from ancient classicism suggesting her range and depth of influences, not the least of which is her African
heritage.
(A) the images she borrowed from ancient classicism suggesting
(B) borrowing images from ancient classicism, suggests
(C) she borrowed images from ancient classicism, which suggests
(D) images borrowed from ancient classicism suggests
(E) images that she borrowed from ancient classicism, suggesting