Summer 2000 CH1

1.

The species X, Y and Z are atoms or ions.

(a)

(i)

species

atomic number

16

16

16

mass number

32

35

32

net charge

State the number of electrons, protons and neutrons X

electrons .......................... protons ......................... neutrons .......................
(1)

(ii)

What is the relationship between X and Y?

..
(1)

(iii)

Identify Z
..
(1)

(b)

332 kJ of energy are required to convert a mole of gaseous atoms of X to a mole of

gaseous Z
(i)

Represent by equations the two steps which make up this energy change.
..
..
(2)

(ii)

Explain why the second step is endothermic

..
..
(1)

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Summer 2000 CH1

(c)

Y is radioactive, decaying by beta ( ) emission.

When a sample of the product form the decay of Y was passed into a mass spectrometer
it produced only one peak, at m/e = 35 whereas a naturally occurring sample of this
element gave an extra peak at m/e = 37.
Account for this difference between the sample of the element made from Y and the
naturally occurring sample of the same element.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

2.

(a)

Consider the following elements

Carbon, iron, lead, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium.
In each case choose ONE of these elements which fits the description given.
(i)

This element has a carbonate which will easily decompose on heating with a
Bunsen burner
..
(1)

(ii)

This element and its compounds act as catalysts

..
(1)

(iii)

This element has an oxide which reacts with water to form a solution of pH less
than 6
..
(1)

(iv)

This element has a white hydroxide which is sparingly soluble in water.

..
(1)

(v)

This element has a +4 oxidation state which can be reduced to the +2 oxidation
state.
..
(1)

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Summer 2000 CH1

(b)

State which element in the whole Periodic Table has the largest first ionisation energy.
Justify your choice
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)

(c)

(i)

What is meant by the term polarising power as applied to cations?

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii)

Give TWO factors which affect the polarising power of cations.

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(iii)

Using the ideas outlined above suggest whether you would expect anhydrous
calcium chloride or anhydrous magnesium chloride to have the more covalent
character.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 14 marks)

3.

Consider the following data for the hydrides of the Group 4 elements.
element

formula of
hydride

boiling temperature

relative molecular

/K

mass

carbon

CH4

109

16

silicon

SiH4

161

32

germanium

GeH4

185

77

tin

SnH4

221

123

lead

PbH4

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Summer 2000 CH1

(a)

Represent the trend in the boiling temperature with relative molecular mass for these
hydrides.
350

Boiling
temperature
/K
300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0

50

100

150

200

250

Relative molecular mass

(2)

(b)

(i)

Account for the increase in boiling temperature as the relative molecular mass
increases.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii)

Use your diagram in (a) to suggest a likely value for the boiling temperature of
PbH4.
............................................................................................................................
(1)

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Summer 2000 CH1

(iii)

PbH4 is actually thermally unstable and unlikely to have the boiling temperature
you have suggested. Suggest why PbH4 is thermally unstable
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(2)

(c)

Predict the shape of a molecule of SiH4 and justify your prediction.

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)

(d)

(i)

Define the term first ionisation energy.

............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(2)

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Summer 2000 CH1

(ii)

The successive ionisation energies of silicon are given in the table below.
number of ionisation

ionisation energy/kJ mol-1

789

1580

3230

4360

16100

19800

23800

29200

33900

10

38800

11

45900

12

505000

13

235000

14

258000

Use these data to deduce the electronic structure of silicon.

............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 14 marks)

4.

Consider the reaction scheme shown below.

Fe(s)
metal

step 1

FeSO 4 (aq)
pale green
solution

step 2

Fe(OH) 2 (s)
green precipitate

step 3
reaction with air

step 4

FeCL 3 (s)
black

Fe(OH) 3 (s)
red-brown solid

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Summer 2000 CH1

(a)

(i)

Identify one of the steps in the scheme which is a redox reaction and give the
starting and finishing oxidation numbers for iron.
Step ...................................................................................................................
From ................................................................... To .......................................
(2)

(ii)

Suggest a suitable reagent for step 1 and write the ionic equation for the reaction.
Reagent .............................................................................................................
Equation ............................................................................................................
(2)

(iii)

Suggest a suitable reagent for step 2 and explain how this is a deprotonation
reaction.
Reagent .............................................................................................................
Explanation .......................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(3)

(iv)

State ONE factor which is important in enabling ionic compounds such as FeSO4 to
be soluble in polar solvents such as water.
............................................................................................................................
(1)

(v)

State TWO characteristic properties of transition metals which are illustrated in the
scheme above.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(2)

(b)

A sample of Fe(OH)2 was left in air until some had changed to Fe(OH)3.
The amount of iron(II) hydroxide remaining may be determined by reacting the solid with
excess sulphuric acid and then titrating the resulting acidic solution with a standard
potassium manganate (VII) solution.

Fe (aq) + 2H O(l)
(aq) + 8H (aq) 5Fe (aq) + Mn (aq) + 4H O(l)

Fe(OH)2(s) + 2H+(aq)

5Fe2+(aq) + MnO 4

2+

3+

2+

4.00g of the hydroxide mixture was reacted with excess sulphuric acid and the solution
made up to 250cm3. A 25.0 cm3 sample of this solution was titrated with acidified
potassium manganate (VII) solution of concentration 0.0200 mol dm-3. 37.5cm3 of
potassium manganate (VII) solution was required for complete reaction.

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Summer 2000 CH1

Calculate:
(i)

the number of moles of manganate (VII) ions used.

(1)

(ii)

the number of moles of iron(II) ions in 25.0cm3 of solution

(1)

(iii)

the number of moles of iron(II) ions in the solid mixture of hydroxides.

(1)

(iv)

the percentage of Fe(OH)2 in the mixture

(2)
(Total 15 marks)

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