Ghid de Evaluare Pentru Religie: Serviciul Na

SERVICIUL NA,21$/'((9$/8$5(,(;$0,1$5(
GHID DE EVALUARE PENTRU

RELIGIE
%8&85(7,
2001
Autori:
2,8
3URI 1LFROHWD /,
Prof. gr. I Mihaela PANOSCHI

3U SURI 1LFRODH ,25'
&+(6&8
Coordonator:
Prof. gr. I Mihaela PANOSCHI
Cuprins
INTRODUCERE......................................................................................................................4
&$3,72/8/ ,QWURGXFHUH vQ SUREOHPDWLFD JHQHUDO D HYDOXULL ....................................5
3UREOHPH VSHFLILFH DOH HYDOXULL ................................................................................................5
5HOD LD HYDOXDUH FXUHQWH[DPHQH..............................................................................................7

1.3. Metode de evaluare....................................................................................................................9
&DOLW LOH LQVWUXPHQWHORU GH HYDOXDUH .......................................................................................19
1.5. Tipuri de itemi .........................................................................................................................22
Capitolul 2 Itemi obiectivi ................................................................................................234

,WHPL FX DOHJHUH GXDO DGHYUDWIDOV VDX UVSXQV DOWHUQDWLY .................................................24
2. 2 Itemi de tip pereche (de asociere)........................................................................................28
,WHPLL FX DOHJHUH PXOWLSO .......................................................................................................30

Capitolul 3 - Itemi semiobiectivi ...........................................................................................34

,WHPL FX UVSXQV VFXUW GH FRPSOHWDUH .....................................................................................34
QWUHEUL VWUXFWXUDWH ..................................................................................................................38
&DSLWROXO ,WHPL VXELHFWLYL FX UVSXQV GHVFKLV ..........................................................4338
4.1 Rezolvarea de probleme...........................................................................................................44

4.2 Itemii de tip eseu.....................................................................................................................46
Capitolul 5 - Metode complementare de evaluare...............................................................53

2EVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D DFWLYLW LL L D FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HOHYLORU ........................................53
,QYHVWLJD LD...............................................................................................................................55
5.3 Proiectul...................................................................................................................................56
5.4 Referatul ...................................................................................................................................57
5.5 Portofoliul................................................................................................................................58
5.6 Autoevaluare.............................................................................................................................59
Capitolul 6 - Probe de evaluare.............................................................................................62

6.1 Modele orientatative ................................................................................................................62
0RGHOH GH WHVWH SHQWUX H[DPHQXO QD LRQDO GH %DFDODXUHDW ......................................................78
%LEOLRJUDILH VHOHFWLY ..............................................................................................................82
INTRODUCERE
Q FRQWH[WXO HGXFD LRQDO DFWXDO SUREOHPDWLFD HYDOX
ULL FDSW R LPSRUWDQ GLQ
FH vQ FH PDL PDUH vQ DFWLYLWDWHD IDFWRULORU GH GHFL]LH D VSHFLDOLWLORU L PDL DOHV D
SUDFWLFLHQLORU ,QIOXHQ D HYDOX ULL vQ VSHFLDO SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO H[DPHQHORU VH IDFH WRW PDL
PXOW
UHVLP LW
DWkW
DVXSUD
DFWLYLW
LL
GH
SUHGDUH
FkW
DVXSUD
FHOHL
GH
vQY
DUH
3URIHVRUXO FkW L HOHYXO VXQW FHL GLQWkL LQWHUHVD L vQ UHDOL]DUHD XQHL HYDOX UL RELHFWLYH
ED]DW
SH FULWHULL XQLWDUH FXQRVFXWH L DSOLFDWH vQ SUDFWLFD FRODU FXUHQW
SHUVSHFWLY SUH]HQWXO JKLG FRQVWLWXLH XQ LPSRUWDQW SXQFW GH VSULMLQ

SHQWUX FDGUHOH GLGDFWLFH GH VSHFLDOLWDWH vQ UHDOL]DUHD FX VXFFHV D DFWLYLW LORU SUHVXSXVH
GH GHVIXUDUHD SURFHVXOXL GH HYDOXDUH D SHUIRUPDQ HORU HOHYLORU vQ SUDFWLFD FRODU
FXUHQW 8WLOLWDWHD DFHVWXL JKLG HVWH VXV LQXW L GH scopurile SH FDUH DFHVWD L OH
'LQ DFHDVW
propune:
IDPLOLDUL]H]H FDGUHOH GLGDFWLFH GH VSHFLDOLWDWH FX SUREOHPHOH VSHFLILFH HYDOXULL

vQ SUDFWLFD FRODU FXUHQW FkW L vQ VLWXD LH GH H[DPHQ
GHVFULH PHWRGH L LQVWUXPHQWH GH HYDOXDUH
XWLOL]DELOH
vQ
SUDFWLFD
FRODU
FXUHQW
VH[SOLFHPHWRGRORJLDSURLHFWULLGLIHULWHORUWLSXULGHLWHPL
V SUH]LQWH H[HPSOH de WLSXUL GH LWHPL WHVWH L EDUHPH GH FRUHFWDUH D
acestora;
V LQIRUPH]H SH WRL FHL LQWHUHVDL SURIHVRUL HOHYL SULQL HWF DVXSUD
SUREOHPDWLFLL JHQHUDOH D HYDOXULL SHUIRUPDQHORU HOHYLORU DVXSUD
LPSRUWDQHLLLPSDFWXOXLDFHVWHLDDVXSUDVLVWHPXOXLGHvQYPkQW
&XPSXWH LIRORVLDFHVWJKLG"
*KLGXO VH FRQFHQWUHD] vQ SULQFLSDO DVXSUD XQRU DVSHFWH FRQFUHWH FDUH
YL]HD] PHWRGH L LQVWUXPHQWH GH HYDOXDUH FDOLWLOH DFHVWRUD SURLHFWDUHD
GLIHULWHORUWLSXULGHLWHPLGHVFULHUHDLH[HPSOLILFDUHDPHWRGHORUFRPSOHPHQWDUH
GH HYDOXDUH vQ IXQFLH GH VSHFLILFXO GLVFLSOLQHL SUH]HQWDUHD XQRU WHVWH PRGHO
SUHFXPLDEDUHPHORUGHFRUHFWDUHDDFHVWRUD
6SHUP F ILHFDUH FDGUX GLGDFWLF YD UHJVL vQ WHPDWLFD SURSXV SXQFWH
GHLQWHUHVVXJHVWLLLREVHUYDLLXWLOHSHED]DFURUDvLSRDWHFRQFHSHDFLXQLOH
HYDOXDWLYHYLLWRDUH'HDVHPHQHDUHFRPDQGPFD SDUFXUJHUHD JKLGXOXL VILH
IFXW XUPkQG vQ RUGLQH FDSLWROHOH SUH]HQWDWH SULQ FXSULQV DVWIHO vQFkW FLWLWRUXO
VDLEDWkWYL]LXQHDGHDQVDPEOXDVXSUDSUREOHPDWLFLLJHQHUDOHSUH]HQWDWHFkW
LvQHOHJHUHDORJLFDHOHPHQWHORUFRQFUHWHFDUHGHFXUJGLQDFHDVWD
CAPITOLUL 1: ,QWURGXFHUHvQSUREOHPDWLFDJHQHUDOD
HYDOXULL
,3UREOHPHVSHFLILFHDOHHYDOXULL
DUH L HYDOXDUH
FRQVWLWXLH HOHPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH FDUH VH DIO vQWUR VWUkQV OHJWXU 2ULFH VFKLPEDUH
SURGXV OD QLYHOXO XQHLD GLQWUH DFHVWH DFWLYLW L LQIOXHQ HD] PRGDOLW LOH GH UHDOL]DUH D
FHORUODOWH JHQHUkQG R DGHYUDW UHDF LH vQ ODQ FDUH LPSXQH UHYHQLULOH L UHYL]XLULOH
necesare. De aceea, SUHGDUHDvQY DUHDHYDOXDUHD WUHEXLH SURLHFWDWH vQ DFHODL
Q
FDGUXO
SURFHVXOXL
GH
vQY
PkQW
DFWLYLW
LOH
GH
SUHGDUH
vQY
timp.
Evaluarea, ca activitate n sine, cuprinde trei etape principale:
P VXUDUHD UH]XOWDWHORU FRODUH SULQ SURFHGHH VSHFLILFH XWLOL]kQG
LQVWUXPHQWH DGHFYDWH VFRSXOXL XUP ULW SUREH VFULVHRUDOHSUDFWLFH
proiecte, portofolii etc.);
aprecierea acestor rezultate pe baza unor criterii unitare (bareme de

FRUHFWDUH L QRWDUH GHVFULSWRUL GH SHUIRUPDQ
formularea concluziilor
HWF
GHVSULQVH vQ XUPD LQWHUSUHW ULL UH]XOWDWHORU
RE LQXWH vQ YHGHUHD DGRSW ULL GHFL]LHL HGXFD LRQDOH DGHFYDWH
Deci,
HYDOXDUHD UHSUH]LQW
LORU SULQ FDUH VH FROHFWHD] RUJDQL]HD]

RE LQXWH vQ XUPD DSOLFULL XQRU LQVWUXPHQWH GH PVXUDUH
WRWDOLWDWHD
DFWLYLW
LQWHUSUHWHD]
GDWHOH
n scopul
HPLWHULLXQHLMXGHFLGHYDORDUHSHFDUHVHED]HD]RDQXPLWGHFL]LHvQSODQ
HGXFDLRQDO
QJHQHUDOHYDOXDUHDSHUIRUPDQHORUHOHYLORUDUHXUPWRarele IXQF LL:
GLDJQRVWLFvQVHQVXOGHDIDFHFXQRVFXWHVLWXDLLOHLIDFWRULLFDUHFRQGXFOD
RELQHUHD DQXPLWRU UH]XOWDWH DOH HOHYLORU SHQWUX D VWDELOL HYHQWXDOHOH SURFHGXUL
de remediere a punctelor critice.
SURJQRVWLFvQVHQVXODQWLFLSULLSHUIRUPDQHORUYLLWRDUHDOHHOHYLORUSHED]D
UH]XOWDWHORU vQUHJLVWUDWH L DO SODQLILFULL VHFYHQHORU XUPWRDUH DOH DFWLYLWLL GH
vQYDUH'HRELFHL DFHDVWIXQFLH D HYDOXULL VH DVRFLD] FHOHL GH GLDJQR]
fiind complementare.
de certificareD QLYHOXOXL GH FXQRWLQH L DELOLWL DO HOHYLORU OD VIkULWXO XQHL
SHULRDGHOXQJLGHLQVWUXLUHFLFOXGHvQYPkQWvQYPkQWREOLJDWRULXHWF
GHVHOHF LHDHOHYLORUSHQWUXDFFHVXOvQWURWUHDSWVXSHULRDUGHvQYPkQW
VDX vQWUXQSURJUDP VSHFLILF GH LQVWUXLUH JLPQD]LX OLFHX vQYPkQW VXSHULRU
cursuri postuniversitare, cursuri speciale n domenii artistice etc.). Realizarea
DFHVWHL IXQFLL SHUPLWH FODVLILFDUHDLHUDUKL]DUHD HOHYLORU vQ XUPD UH]XOWDWHORU
RELQXWHvQFRQGLLLOHH[LVWHQHLGHRELFHLDXQXLQXPUOLPLWDWGHORFXULSHQWUX
IUHFYHQWDUHDFXUVXULORUIRUPHLGHvQYPkQWUHVSHFWLYH
Q DIDUD IXQFLLORU JHQHUDOH PHQLRQDWH DQWHULRU HYDOXDUHD PDL
vQGHSOLQHWHLRVHULHGHIXQF LLVSHFLILFHGLQWUHFDUHPHQLRQP
IXQF LD PRWLYD LRQDO GH QDWXU V VWLPXOH]H DFWLYLWDWHD GH vQYDUH D
HOHYLORU SULQ YDORULILFDUHD RSWLPDO D IHHGEDFNXOXL SR]LWLY RIHULW GH FWUH DFWXO
evaluativ n sine;
IXQF LD GH RULHQWDUH FRODU L SURIHVLRQDO SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO FUHLD
HYDOXDUHD SHUIRUPDQHORU HOHYLORU IXUQL]HD] LQIRUPDLL XWLOH HOHYLORU vQ YHGHUHD
DOHJHULLIRUPHLFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHGHvQYPkQW
7HRULD L SUDFWLFD SHGDJRJLF
tipurilor de evaluare
UHDOL]HD]
vQ
PRPHQWXO
IXQF LH
PRGXO
GH
vQ
RSHUHD] FX PDL PXOWH FODVLILFUL

GLIHULWH
FDUH
VH
FULWHULL
GRPHQLXO
LQWHUSUHWHD]
vQ
FDUH
UH]XOWDWHOH
DOH
VH
HWF
&kWHYD GLQWUH FHOH PDL X]XDOH FODVLILF UL VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ FRQWLQXDUH

'XS
PRGXO vQ FDUH VH LQWHJUHD]
evaluarea poate fi de trei tipuri:
vQ GHVI XUDUHD SURFHVXOXL GLGDFWLF
a) HYDOXDUHLQL LDOFDUHVHUHDOL]HD]ODvQFHSXWXOXQXLQRXFLFOXGHvQYDUH
VDXSURJUDPGHLQVWUXLUHvQVFRSXOVWDELOLULLQLYHOXOXLGHSUHJWLUHDOHOHYLORU
3ULQ LQWHUPHGLXO HYDOXULL LQLLDOH VH LGHQWLILF QLYHOXO DFKL]LLLORU HOHYLORU vQ
WHUPHQLGHFXQRWLQHFRPSHWHQHLDELOLWLvQVFRSXODVLJXUULLSUHPLVHORU
DWLQJHULL RELHFWLYHORU SURSXVH SHQWUX HWDSD GH vQYPkQW UHVSHFWLY
,QIRUPDLOH RELQXWH vQ XUPD UHDOL]ULL XQHL HYDOXUL LQLLDOH VSULMLQ
SODQLILFDUHD DFWLYLWLORU YLLWRDUH DOH SURIHVRUXOXL GLQ SHUVSHFWLYD DGHFYULL
DFHVWRUD OD SRVLELOLWLOH HOHYLORU VDX D LQLLHULL GDF HVWH FD]XO D XQRU
programe de recuperare.
b) HYDOXDUHD IRUPDWLY vQVRHWH vQWUHJXO SDUFXUV GLGDFWLF UHDOL]kQGXVH SULQ
YHULILFUL VLVWHPDWLFH DOH WXWXURU HOHYLORU DVXSUD vQWUHJLL PDWHULL 'LQ DFHVW
PRWLY HIHFWHOH VDOH DPHOLRUDWLYH DVXSUD DFWLYLWLL GH vQYDUH VXQW

considerabile, oferind permanent posibilitatea de raportare la obiectivele
RSHUDLRQDOH SURSXVH L GH HYLGHQLHUH D SURJUHVXOXL vQUHJLVWUDW GH OD R
VHFYHQODDOWDDLQVWUXLULLQFD]XOHYDOXULLIRUPDWLYHIHHGEDFNXORELQXW
HVWH PXOW PDL XWLO L HILFLHQW DMXWkQG DWkW HOHYXO FkW L SURIHVRUXO V vL
DGDSWH]HDFWLYLWDWHDYLLWRDUHODVSHFLILFXOVLWXDLHL
c) HYDOXDUHDVXPDWLYVHUHDOL]HD]GHRELFHLODVIkULWXOXQHLSHULRDGHPDL
OXQJL GH LQVWUXLUH GH H[HPSOX FDSLWRO VHPHVWUX DQ FRODU FLFOX GH
vQYPkQW HWF RIHULQG LQIRUPDLL XWLOH DVXSUD QLYHOXOXL GH SHUIRUPDQ DO
HOHYLORUvQUDSRUWFXRELHFWLYHOHGHLQVWUXLUHSURSXVH(YDOXDUHDVXPDWLYVH
FRQFHQWUHD]PDLDOHVDVXSUDHOHPHQWHORUGHSHUPDQHQDOHDSOLFULLXQRU
FXQRWLQH GH ED] DOH GHPRQVWUULL XQRU DELOLWL LPSRUWDQWH GREkQGLWH GH
HOHYL vQWUR SHULRDG PDL OXQJ GH LQVWUXLUH &DUDFWHUXO DPHOLRUDWLY DO
HYDOXULLVXPDWLYHHVWHUHODWLYUHGXVHIHFWHOHUHVLPLQGXVHGXSRSHULRDG
PDLvQGHOXQJDWGHUHJXOSHQWUXVHULLOHYLLWRDUHGHHOHYL
'DFVHXUPUHWHGUHSWFULWHULXcineUHDOL]HD]HYDOXDUHDDFHDVWDSRDWHIL
GHGRXWLSXUL
a) HYDOXULLQWHUQHDWXQFLFkQGDFLXQHDHYDOXDWLYHVWHHIHFWXDWGHFWUH
DFHHDL SHUVRDQLQVWLWXLH FDUH HVWH LPSOLFDW GLUHFW L vQ DFWLYLWDWHD GH
LQVWUXLUHGHH[HPSOXSURIHVRUXOGHODFODV
b) HYDOXULH[WHUQHvQFDUHVHLPSOLFRSHUVRDQLQVWLWXLHDOWDGHFkWFHD
care a asigurat realizarea procesului didactic.
I.2. 5HOD LDHYDOXDUHFXUHQWH[DPHQH

(YDOXDUHDFXSULQGHGRX SULLPSRUWDQWH
HYDOXDUHDFXUHQW
examenele
7RWXL vQWUH FHOH GRX SUL H[LVW R OHJWXU VWUkQV GH FRQGLLRQDUH
UHFLSURF
n mod normal, HYDOXDUHDFXUHQWWUHEXLHVVSULMLQHH[DPHQHOH prin:
PRGDOLW LOH GH HYDOXDUH (strategii, tehnici, instrumente) care sunt
XWLOL]DWHvQSUDFWLFDFRODUODFODV
SUHJWLUHD SURIHVRULORU vQ GRPHQLXO HYDOXULL vQ VHQVXO DELOLWULL
DFHVWRUDvQDSOLFDUHDGLIHULWHORULQVWUXPHQWHLPHWRGH
familiarizarea elevilor FX WLSXUL GH LWHPL VDUFLQL GH OXFUX GXS
PRGHOXO FHORU FDUH YRU IL GDWH OD H[DPHQ SUHFXP L FX EDUHPXO GH
corectare a acestora;
utilizarea rezultatelor sale SDULDO VDX vQ WRWDOLWDWH vQ FDGUXO
examenelor.
'LQ DFHDVW XOWLP SHUVSHFWLY UHOD LD HYDOXULL FXUHQWHFRQWLQXH FX

examenele poate urma trei modele posibile (A. Stoica, 2000, pg. 60):
MODELUL I
Q FD]XO DFHVWXL PRGHO H[LVW
H[DPHQHORU
FHHD FH vQVHDPQ
F
R ]RQ
FRPXQ
DWkW HYDOX ULL FRQWLQXH FkW L
UH]XOWDWHOH HYDOX ULL FRQWLQXH DX R DQXPLW
pondere n stabilirea notei finale la examen $FHDVW ]RQ FRPXQ LD vQ FRQVLGHUDUH

QHFHVLWkQG XQ WLPS PDL OXQJ GH HODERUDUH L GH OXFUX L FDUH

WHVWHD] FDSDFLW L
LPSRUWDQWH
H[DPHQ
XWLOL]DUHD
DFHORU
DOH
VLVWHPXO GH vQY
PHWRGH
HOHYLORU
GDU
LQVWUXPHQWH
JUHX
GH
GH
HYDOXDUH
GHPRQVWUDW
vQ
FDUH
SRW
VLWXD LD
IL
GH
DSOLFDWH
OD
FODV
H[HPSOX
PvQW GLQ $QJOLD
EVALUARE
EXAMENE
&217,18
MODELUL II
Q DFHVW FD] HYDOXDUHD FRQWLQX QX VH DIO vQ QLFL XQ IHO GH UHODLH FX
examenele, UH]XOWDWHOH HYDOXULL FRQWLQXH QHILLQG OXDWH vQ FRQVLGHUDUH vQ
cadrul examenelor H[HPSOH VLVWHPHOH GH vQYPkQW GLQ 5RPkQLD
Moldova).
EVALUARE
EXAMENE
&217,18
MODELUL III
n acest caz, UH]XOWDWHOHHYDOXULL FRQWLQXHVXQW vQ WRWDOLWDWH OXDWH vQ

considerare n cadrul examenelor GHH[HPSOXVLVWHPHOHGHvQYPkQWGLQ
6SDQLDL3RUWXJDOLD
EVALUARE
&217,18
EXAMENE
'LQ DFHDVW SHUVSHFWLY SHQWUX LQWHJUDUHD HYDOXULL FXUHQWH FX H[DPHQHOH

VHSRWDSOLFDGRXVWUDWHJLL
a) XQD SURYLQH GLQVSUH H[DPHQH L VH UHIHU OD GLYHUVLILFDUHD IRUPHORU L
PHWRGHORU GHWHVWDUH vQ FDGUXO DFHVWRUD vQ DD IHO vQFkW XQHOH WHKQLFL FDUH
VHXWLOL]HD]vQHYDOXDUHDFXUHQWVILHWUDQVIHUDWHH[DPHQHORU
b) FHD GHD GRXD SRUQHWH GLQVSUH SDUWHD HYDOXULL FXUHQWH SULQ YDORUL]DUHD
rezultatelor acesteia n cadrul examenelor.
I.3. Metode de evaluare
7HRULD L SUDFWLFD HYDOXULL GLVFULPLQHD] vQWUH PHWRGHOH WUDGLLRQDOH GH
HYDOXDUHLFHOHFRPSOHPHQWDUH
0HWRGHOHWUDGL LRQDOHGHHYDOXDUHDXFSWDWDFHDVWGHQXPLUHGDWRULW
FRQVDFUULL ORU vQ WLPS FD ILLQG FHOH PDL GHV XWLOL]DWH 'LQ DFHDVW FDWHJRULH IDF
parte:
probele orale;
probele scrise;
probele practice.
Pentru asigurarea unui consens din punct de vedere conceptual vom
DGRSWDvQFRQWLQXDUHXUPWRDUHDGHILQLLHGHOXFUX$6WRLFD60XVWHD
pg. 103):
3URE RULFH LQVWUXPHQWGHHYDOXDUHSURLHFWDWDGPLQLVWUDW L FRUHFWDW GH
FWUHSURIHVRU
Probele oraleUHSUH]LQWPHWRGDGHHYDOXDUHFHOPDLGHVXWLOL]DWODFODV
'DWRULWILGHOLWLLLYDOLGLWLLORUVF]XWHDFHVWHSUREHQXVXQWUHFRPDQGDELOHvQ
VLWXDLLGHH[DPHQQVvQHYDOXDUHDODFODVDFHVWHDvLGHPRQVWUHD]YDORDUHD
PDL DOHV vQ FD]XO GLVFLSOLQHORU FDUH SUHVXSXQ GHPRQVWUDUHD XQRU FDSDFLWL L
DELOLWLGLILFLOGHVXUSULQVSULQLQWHUPHGLXOSUREHORUVFULVHGHH[HPSOXFDSDFLWDWHD
GHFRPXQLFDUHYHUEDO
AvantajeleXWLOL]ULLSUREHORURUDOHYL]HD]
D PRdului de evaluare prin posibilitatea de

D DOWHUQD WLSXO vQWUHEULORU L JUDGXO ORU GH GLILFXOWDWH vQ IXQF LH GH FDOLWDWHD UVSXQVXULORU
RIHULWH GH FWUH HOHY
IOH[LELOLWDWHD L DGHFYDUHD LQGLYLGXDO
SRVLELOLWDWHD GH D FODULILFD L FRUHFWD LPHGLDW HYHQWXDOHOH HURUL VDX

QHvQHOHJHULDOHHOHYXOXLvQUDSRUWGHXQFRQLQXWVSHFLILF
IRUPXODUHD UVSXQVXULORU XUPUHWH ORJLFD L GLQDPLFD XQXL GLVFXUV RUDO
FHHD FH RIHU PDL PXOW OLEHUWDWH GH PDQLIHVWDUH D RULJLQDOLWLL HOHYXOXL D
FDSDFLWLLVDOHGHDUJXPHQWDUHHWF
- nu n ultimul rnd, tipuO GH LQWHUDFLXQH GLUHFW FUHDW vQWUH HYDOXDWRU L
HYDOXDW SURIHVRU L HOHY HVWH GH QDWXU V VWLPXOH]H PRGXO GH VWUXFWXUDUH D
UVSXQVXULORU GH FWUH HOHY vQFXUDMkQG L PDQLIHVWUL FH SHUPLW HYDOXDUHD
comportamentului afectiv-atitudinal.
Este necesar,vQVVILHDYXWHvQYHGHUHLlimitele acestor probe, dintre
FDUHPHQLRQP
GLYHUVHOH FLUFXPVWDQH FDUH SRW LQIOXHQD RELHFWLYLWDWHD HYDOXULL GH
H[HPSOX JUDGXO GLIHULW GH GLILFXOWDWH DO vQWUHEULORU GH OD XQ HOHY OD DOWXO YDULDLD
FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HYDOXDWRUXOXL HWF FHHD FH JHQHUHD] R SXWHUQLF YDULHWDWH
LQWHULQGLYLGXDOLLQWUDLQGLYLGXDOvQWUHSHUVRDQHOH FDUHHYDOXHD] VDX OD DFHODL
evaluator n momente diferite;
QLYHOXOVF]XWGHYDOLGLWDWHLILGHOLWDWH
- consumul mare de timp, avQGvQYHGHUHFHOHYLLVXQWHYDOXDLLQGLYLGXDO
'HFL]LDSURIHVRUXOXLGHDXWLOL]DSUREHOHRUDOHvQDQXPLWHVLWXDLLDOHSUDFWLFLL
FRODUHFXUHQWHWUHEXLHVVHvQWHPHLH]HSHUDLXQLFDUHLQGH
RELHFWLYHOHHYDOXULLvQVLWXDLDFRQFUHW
tipul de evaluare promovat;
QXPUXOHOHYLORU
timpul disponibil;
resursele materiale alocate;
10
WLSXO GH LQIRUPDLH SH FDUH SURIHVRUXO GRUHWH V R RELQ SULQ
UVSXQVXULOHHOHYLORU
QDWXUDLVSHFLILFXOGLVFLSOLQHL
Probele scrise VXQW SUDFWLFDWH L XQHRUL FKLDU SUHIHUDWH GDWRULW XQRUD

dintre avantajele ORU LPSRVLELO GH LJQRUDW vQ FRQGLLLOH vQ FDUH VH GRUHWH
HILFLHQWL]DUHD SURFHVXOXL GH LQVWUXLUH L FUHWHUHD JUDGXOXL GH RELHFWLYLWDWH vQ
DSUHFLHUH'LQWUHDFHVWHDPHQLRQP
HFRQRPLDGHWLPSSHFDUHRUHDOL]HD]vQFDGUXOEXJHWXOXLDORFDWUHODLHL
SUHGDUHvQYDUHHYDOXDUH 3UREHOH VFULVH SHUPLW HYDOXDUHD XQXL QXPU PDUH GH
elevi ntr-un timp relativ scurt.
DFRSHULUHD XQLWDU FD YROXP L SURIXQ]LPH SH FDUH R DVLJXU OD QLYHOXO
FRQLQXWXOXL HYDOXDW 3UREHOH VFULVH IDF SRVLELO HYDOXDUHD WXWXURU HOHYLORU DVXSUD
DFHOHLDL VHFYHQH FXUULFXODUH FHHD FH IDFH FRPSDUDELOH UH]XOWDWHOH HOHYLORU LDU
HYDOXDUHDvQVLQHPDLRELHFWLY
SRVLELOLWDWHD SURIHVRUXOXL GH D HPLWH MXGHFL GH YDORDUH PXOW PDL
RELHFWLYH vQWHPHLDWH SH H[LVWHQD XQRU FULWHULL GH HYDOXDUH FODU VSHFLILFDWH L
prestabilite;
SRVLELOLWDWHDHOHYLORUGHDLHODERUDUVSXQVXOLQGHSHQGHQWIUQLFLXQIHO
GHLQWHUYHQLHGLQDIDUUHIOHFWkQGFXQRWLQHLFDSDFLWLGHPRQVWUDWHvQWUXQULWP
propriu;
- GLPLQXDUHDVWULORUWHQVLRQDOHGHVWUHVVFDUHSRWDYHDXQLPSDFWQHJDWLY
DVXSUDSHUIRUPDQHLHOHYLORUWLPL]LVDXFXDOWHSUREOHPHHPRLRQDOH
Dezavantajul major este presupus de relativa ntrziere n timp a
PRPHQWXOXL vQ FDUH VH UHDOL]HD] FRUHFWDUHD XQRU JUHHOL VDX FRPSOHWDUHD XQRU
lacune identificate.
Probele practiceVXQWXWLOL]DWHvQYHGHUHDHYDOXULLFDSDFLWLLHOHYLORUGHD
DSOLFD DQXPLWH FXQRWLQH WHRUHWLFH SUHFXP L D JUDGXOXL GH VWSkQLUH D
SULFHSHULORULGHSULQGHULORUGHRUGLQSUDFWLF&XWRDWHFDFWLYLWLOHSUDFWLFHRIHU
SRVLELOLWDWHD HOHYXOXL GH DL GH]YROWD DWkW FRPSHWHQHOH JHQHUDOH FRPXQLFDUH
DQDOL] VLQWH] HYDOXDUH FkW L SH FHOH VSHFLILFH DSOLFDWLYH PDQLSXODUHD
datelor, instrumentelor de lucru, interpretarea rezultatelor), evaluarea elevilor prin
SUREHSUDFWLFHDWkWvQVLWXDLLGHH[DPLQDUHFXUHQWFkWLvQVLWXDLLGHH[DPHQ
HVWHIRDUWHSXLQSXVvQYDORDUH
11
3HQWUXUHDOL]DUHDFXVXFFHVDXQHLDFWLYLWLSUDFWLFHHVWHQRUPDOFDvQF
GH OD vQFHSXWXO DQXOXL FRODU HOHYLL V ILH DYL]DL DVXSUD , 1HDFX $ 6WRLFD
1996, p.76):
WHPDWLFLLOXFUULORUSUDFWLFH
modului n care ele vor fi evaluate (baremele de notare);
FRQGLLLORU FDUH OH VXQW RIHULWH SHQWUX D UHDOL]D DFHVWH DFWLYLWL

DSDUDWHXQHOWHVOLGHVSRUWHWF
$DFXPPHQLRQDPDQWHULRUPHWRGHOHWUDGLLRQDOHGHHYDOXDUHFRQFHSXWH
FD UHDOL]kQGXQ HFKLOLEUX vQWUH SUREHOH RUDOH VFULVH L FHOH SUDFWLFH FRQVWLWXLH OD
PRPHQWXO DFWXDO HOHPHQWHOH SULQFLSDOH L GRPLQDQWH vQ GHVIXUDUHD DFWXOXL
HYDOXDWLY 3RUQLQG GH OD DFHDVW UHDOLWDWH RELHFWLY VWUDWHJLLOH PRGHUQH GH
HYDOXDUHFDXWVDFFHQWXH]HDFHDGLPHQVLXQHDDFLXQLLHYDOXDWLYHFDUHVRIHUH
HOHYLORUVXILFLHQWHLYDULDWHSRVLELOLWLGHDGHPRQVWUDFHHDFHWLXFDDQVDPEOX
GHFXQRWLQHGDUPDLDOHVFHHDFHSRWVIDFSULFHSHULGHSULQGHULDELOLWL
Acest lucru se poate realiza prin utilizarea metodelor complementare de evaluare.
Principalele metode complementare de evaluare DO FURU SRWHQLDO

IRUPDWLYVXVLQHLQGLYLGXDOL]DUHDDFWXOXLHGXFDLRQDOSULQ VSULMLQXODFRUGDWHOHYXOXL
sunt:
REVHUYDUHDVLVWHPDWLFDDFWLYLWLLLDFRPSRUWDPHQWXOXLHOHYLORU
LQYHVWLJDLD
proiectul;
portofoliul;
autoevaluarea.
2EVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D DFWLYLW LL L D FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HOHYLORU

IXUQL]HD] SURIHVRUXOXL LQIRUPDLL UHOHYDQWHDVXSUDSHUIRUPDQHORU HOHYLORU VL GLQ
SHUVSHFWLYD FDSDFLWLL ORUGHDFLXQH L UHODLRQDUH D FRPSHWHQHORU L DELOLWLORU
GHFDUHGLVSXQDFHWLD3HQWUXDDWLQJHDFHVWVFRSSURIHVRUXOWUHEXLHVXWLOL]H]H
XQ LQVWUXPHQWDU DGHFYDW RELHFWXOXL REVHUYULL Q PRG SUDFWLF SURIHVRUXO DUH OD
GLVSR]LLH WUHL PRGDOLW L GH vQUHJLVWUDUH D DFHVWRU LQIRUPD LL YH]L L 1
Gronlund, 1981, pg. 434-450):
ILDGHHYDOXDUH
scara de clasificare
12
lista de control/verificare
EsWH

LPSRUWDQW GH VXEOLQLDW vQ OHJ WXU
L
FX DFHVWH PRGDOLW
GH vQUHJLVWUDUH D
SRW IL XWLOL]DWH DWkW SHQWUX HYDOXDUHD SURFHVXOXL FkW L D SURGXVHORU

UHDOL]DWH GH HOHYL VXUSULQ]kQG DWkW RELHFWLYUL FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH DOH GRPHQLXOXL FRJQLWLY
LQIRUPD LLORU IDSWXO F
FkW L DOH GRPHQLL DIHFWLY L SVLKRPRWRU
z )LD GH HYDOXDUH HVWH FRPSOHWDW GH FWUH SURIHVRU vQ HD

nregistrndu-se date factuale despre evenimentele cele mai importante pe care
SURIHVRUXO OH LGHQWLILF vQ FRPSRUWDPHQWXO VDX PRGXO GH DFLXQH DO HOHYLORU VL
IDSWH UHPDUFDELOH SUREOHPH FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH HYLGHQLHUHD XQRU DSWLWXGLQL
GHRVHELWH vQWUXQ GRPHQLX VDX DOWXO HWF /D DFHVWHD VH DGDXJ LQWHUSUHWULOH
SURIHVRUXOXL DVXSUD FHORU vQWkPSODWH SHUPLkQGXL DFHVWXLD V VXUSULQG
PRGHOXOFRPSRUWDPHQWDODOHOHYLORUVL
'HFL SURIHVRUXO vQWUR SULP LQVWDQ HVWH FHO FDUH GHFLGH FH
FRPSRUWDPHQW YD IL REVHUYDW L vQUHJLVWUDW FRQILJXUkQG DULD FRPSRUWDPHQWDO
HYHQWXDOHOHOLPLWHDOHREVHUYDLLORUvQUHJLVWUDWHJUDGXOGHH[WLQGHUHvQXWLOL]DUHDO
DFHVWRUREVHUYDLL
Exemplu DGDSWDWGXS1*URQOXQGSJ
Clasa..........
Disciplina.....................
Numele elevului...............................
Data.............................
Eveniment
3HQWUX RUD UHVSHFWLY HOHYLL DX DYXW GH SUHJWLW R FRPSXQHUH vQ FDUH V
GHVFULHFHDPDLGUDJSHUVRDQ)ORULQDIRVWVLQJXUXOHOHYFDUHDGHFODUDW
FQXLDIFXWWHPD/DMXPWDWHDRUHLFROHJXOOXLGHEDQFPLDVSXVF
Florin scrisese de fapt tema, dar nu era o compunere, ci o poezie despre
PDPDVDSHFDUHvQVQXYUHDVRFLWHDVFGHWHDPFFHLODOLFROHJLYRU
rde de el.
/D VIkULWXO RUHL )ORULQ PD vQWUHEDW GDF SRDWH FLWL SRH]LD VFULV GH HO $
FLWLW SRH]LD FX R YRFH MRDV XLWkQGXVH WRW WLPSXO vQ KkUWLH PLFkQGXL
SLFLRUXO GUHSW vQDLQWH L vQDSRL L WUJkQGXVH GH JXOHUXO FPLL &kQG D
WHUPLQDWFROHJXOOXLGLQXOWLPDEDQFDVSXV1DPDX]LWQLPLF3RLVPDL
FLWHWLSRH]LDvQFRGDWPDLWDUH")ORULQDVSXV1XLVDDH]DW
Interpretare:
)ORULQ GRYHGHWH XQ WDOHQW OLWHUDU UHDO SHQWUX YkUVWD OXL GDU QX DUH vQF
13
vQFUHGHUH vQ IRUHOH VDOH 1X vL SODFH V FLWHDVF vQ IDD FODVHL L vL HVWH
WHDP GH UHDFLD FHORUODOL 5HIX]XO GH D FLWL vQF R GDW SRH]LD VH
GDWRUHD]SUREDELOWLPLGLWLLVDOHLIDSWXOXLFQLPHQLQXODvQFXUDMDWSkQ
DFXPVIDFDFHVWOXFUX7DOHQWXOVXWUHEXLHVWLPXODWFDLvQFUHGHUHGH
sine.
Un avantaj LPSRUWDQW DO DFHVWRU ILH GH HYDOXDUH HVWH DFHOD F QX
depinde de capacitatea de comunicare a elevului cu profesorul, profesorul fiind
FHOFDUHvQUHJLVWUHD]LLQWHUSUHWHD]FRPSRUWDPHQWXOWLSLFVDXDOWHSURGXVHL
SHUIRUPDQHDOHHOHYXOXL
Un dezavantaj GHFDUHWUHEXLHLQXWVHDPHVWHDFHODDOPDUHOXLconsum
de timpSHFDUHvOLPSOLFWLPSXOQHFHVDUSURIHVRUXOXLVSUHH[HPSOXSHQWUXD
QRWD GHVFULHULOH YHUEDOH DOH FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HOHYLORU VL OD FDUH VH DGDXJ
IDSWXO F DFHVWH QRWUL QX DX R FRW ULGLFDW GH obiectivitate, ceea ce are
UHSHUFXUVLXQLDVXSUDILGHOLWLLDFHVWRUvQUHJLVWUUL
z Scara de clasificare vQVXPHD] XQ VHW GH FDUDFWHULVWLFL
FRPSRUWDPHQWHFHWUHEXLHVXSXVHHYDOXULLvQVRLWGHXQDQXPLWWLSGHVFDU
de obicei scara Likert3RWULYLWDFHVWXLWLSGHVFDUHOHYXOXLvLVXQWSUH]HQWDWHXQ
QXPUGHHQXQXULvQUDSRUWGHFDUHDFHVWDWUHEXLHVLPDQLIHVWHDFRUGXOVDX
dezacordul, discriminnd ntre cinci trepte: puternic acord; acord; indecis
(neutru); dezacord; puternic dezacord.
Exemplu:
3DUWLFLSFXSOFHUHODDFWLYLWLOHGHOXFUXvQHFKLS
puternic dezacord dezacord
neutru
acord
puternic acord
PLDVXPLPHGLDWUHVSRQVDELOLWLOHFDUHvPLVXQWVWDELOLWHvQFDGUXOHFKLSHL
puternic dezacord dezacord
neutru
acord
puternic acord
8Q HOHPHQW HVHQLDO vQ FRQVWUXLUHD XQHL VFUL GH FODVLILFDUH vO FRQVWLWXLH
UHGDFWDUHDXQXLEXQHQXQ ODFDUHHOHYXOVSRDWUVSXQGH3ULQXUPDUH
D )LHFDUH HQXQ WUHEXLH V FXSULQG FXYLQWH IDPLOLDUH VXELHFWXOXL XWLOL]kQG
OLPEDMXODFHVWXLDLQXXQXOSXWHUQLFVSHFLDOL]DWVDXWHKQLF'HFLHQXQXULFXR
VWUXFWXUVLPSO
E )LHFDUH HQXQ V ILH H[SULPDW clar pozitiv sau clar negativ V UHSUH]LQWH
SR]LLLFODUSR]LWLYHVDXQHJDWLYH(VWHELQHFDHQXQXULOH VILH H[SHULPHQWDWH
nainte de introducerea lor n instrument.
F /LVWD ILQDO GH HQXQXUL WUHEXLH V FRQLQ XQ QXPU DSUR[LPDWLY HJDO GH
HQXQXULSR]LWLYHLQHJDWLYH.
G )LHFDUH HQXQ WUHEXLH V SURGXF LQIRUPDLD QHFHVDU. Nu se introduce un
HQXQ GRDU SHQWUX F HVWH LQWHUHVDQW GH Y]XW FH UVSXQG VXELHFLL OD HO
14
(QXQXOWUHEXLHVIDFUHIHULUHFODUODDWLWXGLQHDVDXRSLQLDGHVSUHFDUHGRULP
VDIOPLQIRUPDLL
z Lista de control/verificare GHL SDUH DVHPQWRDUH FX VFDUD GH
FODVLILFDUH FD PDQLHU GH VWUXFWXUDUH XQ VHW GH HQXQXUL FDUDFWHULVWLFL
FRPSRUWDPHQWHHWFVHGHRVHEHWHGHDFHDVWDSULQIDSWXOFSULQ LQWHUPHGLXO
HL GRDU VH FRQVWDW SUH]HQD VDX DEVHQD unei caracteristici, comportament
HWFIUDHPLWHRMXGHFDWGHYDORDUHRULFkWGHVLPSO
ExempluGHVIXUDUHDXQHLDFWLYLWLH[SHULPHQWDOHvQODERUDWRU
Elevul:
DXUPDWLQVWUXFLXQLOHVSHFLILFHDFWLYLWLL
Da
-a cerut ajutor atunci cnd a avut nevoie.
Da
DFRRSHUDWFXFHLODOLFROHJLSHQWUXDUHDOL]D
produsul final.
Da
-a finalizat sarcina de lucru.
Da
DIFXWFXUDWODPDVDGHOXFUX
Da
Nu
Nu
Nu
Nu
Nu
Un avantaj DO OLVWHL GH FRQWUROHVWH DFHOD F VH HODERUHD] UHODWLY XRU,
fiind RELHFWLY vQ HYDOXDUHD DELOLWLORU FDUH SRW IL vQ PRG FODU GLYL]DWH vQ SDL
specifici.
8Q WLS VSHFLDO GH REVHUYDLH HVWH REVHUYD LD SDUWLFLSDWLY FX LPSOLFDLL
VHPQLILFDWLYH DVXSUD UHODLHL SURIHVRUHOHY GLQ FODV $FHVW WLS GH REVHUYDLH
SUDFWLFDW GH FWUH SURIHVRUXO HVWH vQ HVHQ VXELHFWLY GDU SRDWH VL
VSRUHDVF SURFHQWXO GH RELHFWLYLWDWH GDF DWHQLD YD IL FRQFHQWUDW DVXSUD
FRQVWUXFLHLLXWLOL]ULLLQVWUXPHQWHORU
n ceeDFHSULYHWHFRVWXULOHLPSOLFDWHGHDFHDVWPHWRGHDHVWHLHIWLQ
dar mare consumatoare de timp.
,QYHVWLJD LD FD PHWRG FRPSOHPHQWDU GH HYDOXDUH RIHU SRVLELOLWDWHD
HOHYXOXLGHDDSOLFDvQPRGFUHDWLYFXQRWLQHOHvQVXLWHvQVLWXDLLQRLLYDULDWHSH
parcursul unei ore sau unei succesiuni de ore de curs.
Q FDGUXO XQHL LQYHVWLJDLL RELHFWLYHOH HYDOXDWH GH H[HPSOX GHILQLUHD L
vQHOHJHUHD SUREOHPHL LGHQWLILFDUHD SURFHGHHORU GH RELQHUH D LQIRUPDLLORU
FROHFWDUHD L RUJDQL]DUHD GDWHORU IRUPXODUHD L WHVWDUHD LSRWH]HORU GHVFULHUHD
PHWRGHORU GH LQYHVWLJDLH D SUREOHPHL HODERUDUHD XQXL VFXUW UDSRUW GHVSUH
UH]XOWDWHOH LQYHVWLJDLHL FDSW VHPQLILFDLL GLIHULWH FRUHODWH FX JUDGXO GH
FRPSOH[LWDWH DO VDUFLQLL GH OXFUX L FX QDWXUD GLVFLSOLQHL OD FDUH VH DSOLF 8Q
HOHPHQW LPSRUWDQW vQ GHVIXUDUHD XQHL LQYHVWLJDLL GXS SURLHFWDUHD HL vO
15
FRQVWLWXLHSUHH[SHULPHQWDUHDFHHDFHDVLJXUXQSOXVGHYDOLGLWDWHLQVWUXPHQWXOXL
GHHYDOXDUHSHFDUHSURIHVRUXOLQWHQLRQHD]VOSURSXQHOHYLORUVL
$FWLYLWDWHDGLGDFWLFGHVIXUDWSULQLQWHUPHGLXODFHVWHLSUDFWLFLHYDOXDWLYH
SRDWHVILHRUJDQL]DWLQGLYLGXDOVDXSHJUXSXULGHOXFUXLDUDSUHFLHUHDPRGXOXL
GHUHDOL]DUHDLQYHVWLJDLHLHVWHGHRELFHLGHWLSKROLVWLF
Aportul acestui tip de activiWDWH DVXSUD GH]YROWULL FDSDFLWLORU GH RUGLQ
DSOLFDWLY DOH HOHYLORU HVWH FRQVLGHUDELO PDL DOHV vQ FD]XO UH]ROYULL SUREOHPHORU
GH]YROWULLFDSDFLWLGHDUJXPHQWDUHJkQGLULLORJLFHHWF
ProiectulUHSUH]LQWRDFWLYLWDWHGHHYDOXDUHPDLDPSOGHFkWLQYHVWLJDLD
3URLHFWXOvQFHSHvQFODVSULQGHILQLUHDLvQHOHJHUHDVDUFLQLLGHOXFUXHYHQWXDOL
SULQvQFHSHUHDUH]ROYULLDFHVWHLDVHFRQWLQXDFDVSHSDUFXUVXODFkWRUYD]LOH
VDXVSWPkQLWLPSvQFDUHHOHYXODUHSHUPDQHQWHFRQVXOWULFXSURIHVRUXOLVH
vQFKHLH WRW vQ FODV SULQ SUH]HQWDUHD vQ IDD FROHJLORU D XQXL UDSRUW DVXSUD
UH]XOWDWHORU RELQXWH L GDF HVWH FD]XO D SURGXVXOXL UHDOL]DW &D L LQYHVWLJDLD
SURLHFWXODUHPDLPXOWHHWDSHLSRDWHILUHDOL]DWLQGLYLGXDOVDXvQJUXS
EtDSHOH
GLUHF LL OD IHO
SURLHFWXOXL SUHVXSXQ GLUHF LRQDUHD HIRUWXULORU HOHYLORU vQ GRX
GH LPSRUWDQWH GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH PHWRGRORJLF L SUDFWLF FROHFWDUHD GDWHORU L UHDOL]DUHD
SURGXVXOXL )LHFDUH GLUHF LH FRQ LQH HOHPHQWH FDUH FRQIHU
VSHFLILFLWDWH SURLHFWXOXL vQ
IXQF LH GH GLVFLSOLQD SH FDUH R YL]HD]
3ULQWUH FDSDFLWLOH HOHYLORU SRVLELO GH HYDOXDW SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO DFHVWHL

PHWRGHVHSRWHQXPHUD$6WRLFD60XVWHDS
DGHFYDUHD PHWRGHORU GH OXFUX L D LQVWUXPHQWDUXOXL DOHV OD RELHFWLYHle
propuse prin proiect;
IRORVLUHDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHDPDWHULDOHORULHFKLSDPHQWHORUGLQGRWDUH
RIHULUHDXQHLVROXLLFRUHFWHUH]ROYDUHDGHSUREOHPH
UHDOL]DUHDFXDFXUDWHHDSURGXVXOXLGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHWHKQLF
SRVLELOLWDWHDJHQHUDOL]ULLSUREOHPHLVROXLHL
prezentarea proiectului.
Strategia de evaluare a proiectului, care este una de tip holistic, trebuie, la
UkQGXOHLVILHFODUGHILQLWSULQFULWHULLQHJRFLDWHVDXQXFXHOHYLLDVWIHOvQFkWV
HYLGHQLH]HHIRUWXOH[FOXVLYDOHOHYXOXLvQUHDOL]DUHDSURLHFWXOXL
Utilizarea portofoliuluiFDPHWRGFRPSOHPHQWDUGHHYDOXDUHvQSUDFWLFD
FRODUFXUHQWVHLPSXQHGLQFHvQFHPDLPXOWDWHQLHLLLQWHUHVXOXLSURIHVRULORU
16
3RUWRIROLXOLQFOXGHUH]XOWDWHOHUHOHYDQWHRELQXWHSULQFHOHODOWHPHWRGHLWHKQLFLGH
HYDOXDUH SUREH RUDOH VFULVH SUDFWLFH REVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D
FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HOHYXOXL SURLHFWXO DXWRHYDOXDUHD SUHFXP L VDUFLQL VSHFLILFH
ILHFUHLGLVFLSOLQH
3RUWRIROLXUHSUH]LQWFDUWHDGHYL]LWDHOHYXOXLXUPULndu-i progresul de
OD XQ VHPHVWUX OD DOWXO GH OD XQ DQ FRODU OD DOWXO L FKLDU GH OD XQ FLFOX GH
vQYPkQWODDOWXO
,PSRUWDQWUPkQHVFRSXOSHQWUXFDUHHVWHSURLHFWDWSRUWRIROLXOFHHDFHYD
GHWHUPLQDLVWUXFWXUDVD$OWXULGHVFRSvQGHILQLUHDXQXLSRUWRIROLXVXQWODIHOGH
UHOHYDQWHFRQWH[WXOLPRGXOGHSURLHFWDUHDSRUWRIROLXOXL
2IXQFLHLPSRUWDQWSHFDUHRSUHLDSRUWRIROLXOHVWHDFHHDGHLQYHVWLJDUHD
PDMRULWLL SURGXVHORU HOHYLORU FDUH GH RELFHL UPkQ QHLQYHVWLJDWH vQ DFWXO
HYDOXDWLY UHSUH]HQWkQG vQ DFHODL WLPS XQ VWLPXOHQW SHQWUX GHVIXUDUHD vQWUHJLL
JDPH GH DFWLYLWL GLGDFWLFH QX GRDU SUHJWLUHD VWHUHRWLS SHQWUX WHVWH GH
FXQRWLQHQDFHODLWLPSVDUFLQDHYDOXULLFRQWLQXHHVWHSUHOXDWFXVXFFHVL
IU WHQVLXQHD SH FDUH DU SXWHDR JHQHUD PHWRGHOH WUDGLLRQDOH GH HYDOXDUH
aplicate frecvent.
3ULQ FRPSOH[LWDWHDLERJLD LQIRUPDLHLSH FDUH R IXUQL]HD] VLQWHWL]kQG
DFWLYLWDWHD HOHYXOXL GHD OXQJXO WLPSXOXL XQ VHPHVWUX DQ FRODU VDX FLFOX GH
vQYPkQW SRUWRIROLXO SRDWH FRQVWLWXL SDUWH LQWHJUDQW D XQHL HYDOXUL VXPDWLYH
VDXDXQHLH[DPLQUL
AutoevaluareaSULQLQIRUPDLLOHSHFDUHOHIXUQL]HD]DUHXQUROHVHQLDOvQ
vQWUHJLUHD LPDJLQLL HOHYXOXL GLQ SHUVSHFWLYD MXGHFLL GH YDORDUH SH FDUH R HPLWH
profesorul.
PenWUXFDHYDOXDUHDVILHUHVLPLWGHFWUHHOHYFDDYkQGHIHFWIRUPDWLY
UDSRUWkQGXVH OD GLIHULWH FDSDFLWL DOH VDOH vQ IXQFLH GH SURJUHVXO UHDOL]DW L GH
GLILFXOWLOH SH FDUH OH DUH GH GHSLW HVWH IRDUWH XWLO IRUPDUHD L H[HUVDUHD OD
HOHYL D FDSDFLWLL GH DXWRHYDOXDUH (OHYLL DX QHYRLH V VH DXWRFXQRDVF $FHVW
IDSWDUHPXOWLSOHLPSOLFDLLvQSODQPRWLYDLRQDOLDWLWXGLQDO
&DLSURIHVRUXOFDUHFRQGXFHDFWLYLWDWHDHOHYXODIODWvQVLWXDLDGHvQYDUH
DUH QHYRLH GH DQXPLWH SXQFWH GH UHIHULQ FDUH VL GHILQHDVF UROXO VDUFLQD
QDWXUD L GLUHFLLOH DFWLYLWLL VDOH DMXWkQGXO V FRQWLHQWL]H]H SURJUHVHOH L
DFKL]LLLOHIFXWHVLHODERUH]HVWLOXOSURSULXGHOXFUXVVHSRDWVLWXDSHUVRQDO
vQUDSRUWFXH[LJHQHOHGHvQYDUH
17
Un loc apartH vQ DFHDVW VIHU vO RFXS DXWRHYDOXDUHD FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU

GLQ GRPHQLXO DIHFWLY DO GH]YROWULL SHUVRQDOH $FHVW OXFUX VH UHDOL]HD] SULQ
LQWHUPHGLXOFKHVWLRQDUHORUVFULORUGHFODVLILFDUHHWF
7RDWHDFHVWHPHWRGHFRPSOHPHQWDUHGHHYDOXDUHDVLJXURDOWHUQDWLYOD
IRUPXOHOH WUDGLLRQDOH D FURU SUH]HQ HVWH SUHSRQGHUHQW RIHULQG DOWH RSLXQL
PHWRGRORJLFHLLQVWUXPHQWDOH FDUH vPERJHVFSUDFWLFD HYDOXDWLY 9DOHQHOH ORU
IRUPDWLYH OH UHFRPDQG VXVLQXW vQ DFHVW VHQV Este cazul, n special, al
LQYHVWLJDLHL SURLHFWXOXL L SRUWRIROLXOXL FDUH vQ DIDUD IDSWXOXL F UHSUH]LQW
importante instrumente de evaluare, constituie n primul rnd sarcini de lucru a
FURUUH]ROYDUHVWLPXOHD]vQYDUHDGHWLSHXULVWLF
Dintre YDOHQ HOH IRUPDWLYH ale metodelor complementare de evaluare pot fi
PHQLRQDWH
-
RSRUWXQLWDWHD FUHDW SURIHVRUXOXL GH D RELQH QRL L LPSRUWDQWH

LQIRUPDLLDVXSUDQLYHOXOXLGHSUHJWLUHDOHOHYLORUVLPe baza acestor
LQIRUPDLLSURIHVRUXOvLIXQGDPHQWHD]MXGHFDWDGHYDORDUHSHFDUH
RH[SULPvQWURDSUHFLHUHFkWPDLRELHFWLYDSHUIRUPDQHORUHOHYLORU
LDSURJUHVHORUvQUHJLVWUDWHGHFWUHDFHWLD
SRVLELOLWDWHD HOHYXOXL GH D DUWD FHHD FH WLH L PDL DOHV FHHD FH
WLHVIDFvQWURYDULHWDWHGHFRQWH[WHLVLWXDLL
RIHULUHD XQHL LPDJLQL SHUPDQHQW DFWXDOL]DWH DVXSUD SHUIRUPDQ HORU HOHYLORU

vQ UDSRUW FX DELOLW
LOH L FDSDFLW LOH SH FDUH DFHWLD OH GH LQ SUHFXP L D
unei imagini ct mai complete asupra profilului general al nivelului de

DFKL]L LL DO HOHYXOXL DPEHOH vQ VSULMLQXO SURIHVRUXOXL
DVLJXUDUHD XQXL GHPHUV LQWHUDFWLY DO DFWXOXL GH SUHGDUHvQYDUH

adaptat nevoilor de individualizare a sarcinilor de lucru pentru fiecare
HOHY YDORULILFkQG L VWLPXOkQG SRWHQLDOXO FUHDWLY L RULJLQDOLWDWHD
acestuia;
H[HUVDUHD DELOLWLORU SUDFWLFDSOLFDWLYH DOH HOHYLORU DVLJXUkQG R PDL

EXQ FODULILFDUH FRQFHSWXDO L LQWHJUDUH vQ VLVWHPXO QRLRQDO D
FXQRWLQHORUDVLPLODWHFDUHDVWIHOGHYLQRSHUDLRQDOH
n termeni generali, metoda
HVWH
FHD
FDUH
FRQWXUHD]
vQWUHJXO
GHPHUV
GH
SURLHFWDUH L UHDOL]DUH D DF LXQLL HYDOXDWLYH GH OD VWDELOLUHD RELHFWLYHORU GH HYDOXDUH L SkQ
RE LQHP
LQIRUPD LLOH QHFHVDUH L UHOHYDQWH SHQWUX VFRSXULOH SURSXVH 'LQ DFHDVW SHUVSHFWLY
instrumentul de evaluare HVWH SDUWH LQWHJUDQW D PHWRGHL ILLQG FHO FDUH FRQFUHWL]HD] OD
QLYHO GH SURGXV RS LXQHD PHWRGRORJLF D SURIHVRUXOXL SHQWUX PVXUDUHD L DSUHFLHUHD
FXQRWLQ HORU L FRPSHWHQ HORU HOHYXOXL vQWUR VLWXD LH HGXFD LRQDO ELQH GHILQLW
OD FRQVWUXLUHD L DSOLFDUHD LQVWUXPHQWXOXL GH HYDOXDUH SULQ FDUH LQWHQ LRQ P V
18
&DOLW LOHLQVWUXPHQWHORUGHHYDOXDUH
8WLOL]DUHDWHVWHORUFDSULQFLSDOLQVWUXPHQWGHHYDOXDUHvQSUDFWLFDFRODU
FXUHQWVDXvQVLWXDLHGHH[DPHQSRDWHLQFOXGHXQSRWHQLDOULVFvQPRPHQWXOvQ
FDUH vQ SURLHFWDUHD DFHVWRUD QX VH LQH FRQW GH FDOLWLOH DFHVWXLD FDOLWL
LQGLVSHQVDELOH vQ FRQGLLLOH vQ FDUH VH GRUHWH UHDOL]DUHD XQHL FRQVLVWHQH D
PVXUULLvQHYDOXDUH7RFPDLGHDFHHDHVWHUHODWLYGLILFLOFDWHVWHOHHODERUDWH
GH SURIHVRUL V VDWLVIDF WRDWH DFHVWH FDOLWL WHKQLFH vQ FRQGLLL RSWLPH
GH]DYDQWDM FDUHHVWH vQV vQOWXUDW vQ PRPHQWXO vQ FDUH WHVWHOH VXQW SURGXVH
GH R LQVWLWXLH VSHFLDOL]DW vQ DFHVW VHQV ,QGLIHUHQW GH PHWRGD SULQ FDUH VH
HYDOXHD]XWLOL]DUHDXQXLLQVWUXPHQWGHHYDOXDUHLQVXILFLHQWGHELQHFDOLEUDWGLQ
SXQFWGHYHGHUHDOUHVSHFWULLFDOLWLORUVDOHWHKQLFHDGXFHLPSRUWDQWHSUHMXGLFLL
GHPHUVXOXLLQLLDWUHODWLYL]kQGFRQVLGHUDELOUH]XOWDWHOHLHIHFWHOHHYDOXULL
'HVFULHUHDVXFFLQWDDFHVWRUFDOLWLHVWHSUH]HQWDWvQFRQWLQXDUHYH]L
L,1HDFX$6WRLFDFRRUGSJ
3ULQFLSDOHOHFDOLWLDOHXQXLLQVWUXPHQWGHHYDOXDUHSHFDUHvOYRPQXPL
n continuare test sunt: YDOLGLWDWHD ILGHOLWDWHD RELHFWLYLWDWHD L
aplicabilitatea.
Validitatea
P VRDU
XQXL WHVW HVWH H[SULPDW
FHHD FH LQWHQ LRQHD]
V
GH DFXUDWH HD FX FDUH WHVWXO UHVSHFWLY
P VRDUH Q FRQVHFLQ

D DSUHFLD GDF
XQ WHVW
PVRDUH QX VH SRDWH IDFH GHFkW vQ UHOD LH FX VFRSXO

WHVWXOXL UHVSHFWLY 3ULPD vQWUHEDUH OD FDUH WUHEXLH V UVSXQG DXWRUXO XQXL WHVW HVWH FH
LQWHQ LRQH] V PVRU SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO DFHVWXL LQVWUXPHQW? Prima constatare pe care o
SRDWH IDFH HVWH DFHHD F WUHEXLH V VH UDSRUWH]H OD FHHD FH HVWH FDSDELO V PVRDUH
vQ PRPHQWXO UHVSHFWLY PRWLY SHQWUX FDUH GH UHJXO SULQ SURLHFWDUHD XQXL WHVW VH FHUH
HOHYLORU V UVSXQG OD DQXPLWH FHULQ H L VDUFLQL GH OXFUX FDUH OL VH GDX DFHVWRUD VSUH
UH]ROYDUH &RQVHFLQ D GLUHFW D DFHVWXL IDSW HVWH F FHHD FH PVXUP VXQW GRDU
FRPSRUWDPHQWH (VWH PXOW PDL JUHX GH UHDOL]DW P VXUDUHD DFHORU DVSHFWH FDUH LQ GH
LQWHUHVHOH HOHYLORU GH DELOLW LOH DFHVWRUD VDX GH ODWXUD DIHFWLYDWLWXGLQDO D SHUVRQDOLW LL
HOHYLORU $FHVWH DVSHFWH QX SRW IL PVXUDWH vQ PRG GLUHFW
Q FDGUXO XQXL WHVW QX WUHEXLH V H[LVWH HOHPHQWH GH LQWHUIHUHQ 'H H[HPSOX
XQ WHVW FDUH PVRDUD JUDGXO GH H[HUVDUH DO XQXL DOJRULWP GH DQDOL] JUDPDWLFDO QX
WUHEXLH VFULV vQWUXQ OLPEDM JUHX DFFHVLELO YkUVWHL HOHYLORU VDX V ULGLFH SUREOHPH GH
YRFDEXODU VDX VWLO SHQWUX F vQ DFHVW IHO YRU IL PVXUDWH DELOLW L GH VWSkQLUH D
HOHPHQWHORU GH OLPE L DELD vQ SODQ VHFXQGDU FHOH SUHVXSXVH GH DQDOL]D JUDPDWLFDO
P VRDUD FHHD FH LD SURSXV V
19
3HQWUX FD XQ WHVW V
ILH FRQVLGHUDW YDOLG WUHEXLH V DFRSHUH vQWUHJXO FRQ LQXW DO
SURJUDPHL GH H[DPHQ vQWUXQ PRG DGHFYDW
LQkQG FRQW GH OXQJLPHD SRQGHUHD VDX
LPSRUWDQ D GLIHULWHORU DVSHFWH DOH FRQ LQXWXOXL OD FDUH IDFH UHIHULUH
n continuare vom face referire la cteva tipuri de validitate:
YDOLGLWDWHD GH FRQ LQXW
validitatea de construct
YDOLGLWDWHD FRQFXUHQW

YDOLGLWDWHD GH ID DG
YDOLGLWDWHD SUHGLFWLY
1. 9DOLGLWDWHD GH FRQLQXW UHOHY PVXUD vQ FDUH WHVWXO DFRSHU vQ PRG
XQLIRUP HOHPHQWHOH GH FRQLQXW PDMRUH SH FDUH DFHVWD OH WHVWHD]
$SUHFLHUHDYDOLGLWLLGHFRQLQXWVHIDFHSULQHVWLPDUHDFRQFRUGDQHL
GLQWUH LWHPLL WHVWXOXL L RELHFWLYHOH RSHUDLRQDOH GHILQLWH SH ED]D
FRQLQXWXULORUHVHQLDOHDOHSURJUDPXOXLGHLQVWUXLUH
2.
Validitatea de construct H[SULP DFXUDWHHD FX FDUH WHVWXO PVRDU

XQDQXPLWFRQVWUXFWVSHFLILFDWGHH[HPSOXLQWHOLJHQD FUHDWLYLWDWHD
VXFFHVXO FRODU HWF 'H DVHPHQHD DFHVW WLS GH YDOLGLWDWH YL]HD]
FRQFRUGDQD GLQWUH QDWXUD LWHPLORU L RELHFWLYHOH FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH
FRQLQXWXULORUVXSXVHHYDOXULLGHFLUDSRUWXOLWHPQLYHOXOvQYULL
3. VDOLGLWDWHD FRQFXUHQW IDFH UHIHULUH OD FRQFRUGDQD GLQWUH UH]XOWDWHOH

RELQXWH GH XQ HOHY OD XQ WHVW L XQHOH FULWHULL GH FRPSRUWDPHQW
VLPLODUHQFRQVHFLQYDOLGLWDWHDFRQFXUHQWUHIOHFWPVXUDvQFDUH
VFRUXULOHvQUHJLVWUDWHODXQWHVWUHODLRQHD]FXDOWHPVXUULUHDOL]DWH
DVXSUDDFHORUDLDELOLWL
4. 9DOLGLWDWHD SUHGLFWLY YL]HD] PVXUD vQ FDUH WHVWXO SRDWH IDFH
SURJQR]D SHUIRUPDQHORU YLLWRDUH DOH HOHYXOXL 5H]XOWDWHOH SUH]HQWH
ale testului sunt utilizate pentru a atinge acest scop. Acest tip de
YDOLGLWDWH YL]HD] HVWLPDUHDGHWHUPLQDUHD FRUHODLHL GLQWUH
SHUIRUPDQD vQUHJLVWUDW OD XQ WHVW FDUH D IRVW DGPLQLVWUDW L
SHUIRUPDQDODWHVWHFDUHXUPHD]DILVXVLQXWHODDFHHDLGLVFLSOLQ
GHVWXGLXVDXDVXSUDDFHOHLDLH[WHQVLLFXUULFXODUH
5. 9DOLGLWDWHD GH IDDG )DFH 9DOLGLW\ H[SULP PVXUD vQ FDUH WHVWXO
HVWHUHOHYDQWLLPSRUWDQWSHQWUXFHLFDUHVXQWWHVWDL'HH[HPSOXXQ
WHVWFDUHHYDOXHD]FRQLQXWXULGHGLPHQVLXQLGLIHULWHVDXFRQVLGHUDWH
20
D IL GH LPSRUWDQ GLIHULW WUHEXLH V H[SULPH DFHVW IDSW SULQWUR
SRQGHUHGLIHULWDLWHPLORUSHXQLWLGHFRQLQXWVSHFLILFH
Printre factoriiFDUHLQIOXHQHD]YDOLGLWDWHDXQXLWHVWVHLQFOXG
- LQGLFDLLQHFODUH
- nivelul de dificultate inadecvat al itemilor de test;
- LWHPLLQFRUHFLGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHWHKQLF
- test prea scurt;
- DGPLQLVWUDUHDLVDXFRUHFWDUHDQHFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHDWHVWXOXL
- LJQRUDUHD YDULDELOHL GHVHPQDWH SULQ FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH JUXSXOXL FUXLD L
VHDGPLQLVWUHD]WHVWXO
Fidelitatea UHSUH]LQW calitatea unui test de a produce rezultate
FRQVWDQWH vQ XUPD DSOLFULL VDOH UHSHWDWH. Un test caracterizat printr-un grad
ULGLFDW GH ILGHOLWDWH DSOLFDW vQ FRQGLLL LGHQWLFH DFHOXLDL JUXS GH HOHYL GDU vQ
GLIHULWH RFD]LL WUHEXLH V FRQGXF OD RELQHUHD DFHORUDL UH]XOWDWH VDX FX
GLIHUHQHPLQLPH
)LGHOLWDWHD XQXL WHVW DUH OHJWXU GLUHFW FX PRGXO vQ FDUH VH DVLJXU
FRQVLVWHQD PVXUULL GLQ SHUVSHFWLYD XQHL FRQVLVWHQH SHVWH WLPS GH OD
SHUVRDQODRDOWSHUVRDQGLQWUXQORFvQDOWXO
3HQWUXHVWLPDUHDILGHOLWLLXQXLWHVWVHIRORVHVFXUPWRDUHOHmetode:
a) metoda test-retestFDUHYL]HD]VWDELOLWDWHDWHVWXOXLUHVSHFWLYDFHVWD
ILLQGDSOLFDWGHGRXRULDFHOXLDLJUXSVDXODGRXJUXSXULGLIHULWHGH
HOHYL GDU FX DFHOHDL DELOLWL OD XQ LQWHUYDO GH WLPS YDULLQG vQWUH
FkWHYDPLQXWHLFkLYDDQL
b) metoda formelor echivalente FH HYLGHQLD] HFKLYDOHQD WHVWXOXL
UHVSHFWLY SULQ DGPLQLVWUDUHD OD XQ LQWHUYDO GH WLPS VFXUW D GRX
IRUPH GH WHVW HFKLYDOHQWH DFHOXLDL JUXS GH HOHYL &HOH GRX IRUPH
GHWHVWWUHEXLHVILHSDUDOHOHDGLFVFRQLQDFHODLQXPUGHLWHPL
DUDQMDLvQDFHODLIRUPDWGHWHVWVDFRSHUHDFHODLFRQLQXWVDLE
XQQLYHOGHGLILFXOWDWHVLPLODULLQVWUXFLXQLGHDGPLQLVWUDUHVLPLODUH
c) metoda test-retest cu forme echivalente UHIOHFW DWkW VWDELOLWDWHD FkW
L HFKLYDOHQD WHVWXOXL vQ FDX] 6H DGPLQLVWUHD] DFHOXLDL JUXS GH
HOHYLGRXIRUPHDOHDFHOXLDLWHVWODXQLQWHUYDOGHWLPSVFXUW
d) PHWRGDvQMXPWLULLHVWHFHDFDUHSXQHvQYDORDUHFRQVLVWHQDLQWHUQ
DWHVWXOXL$FHVWDVHDSOLFRVLQJXUGDWGXSFHvQSUHDODELODIRVW
vPSULW vQ GRX MXPWL HFKLYDOHQWH GH H[HPSOX LWHPL SDUL L LWHPL
impari).
Printre factoriiFDUHLQIOXHQHD]ILGHOLWDWHDPHQLRQP
- lungimea testului &X FkW WHVWXO HVWH PDL OXQJ FX DWkW FUHWH
fidelitatea sa.
21
dispersia scorurilor&XFkWvPSUWLHUHDVFRUXULORUHVWHPDLPDUHFX
att testul este mai fidel.
RSLXQHD DVXSUD WLSXOXL GH LWHP L FRUHFWLWXGLQHD WHKQLF FX FDUH
LWHPLL UHVSHFWLYL VXQW FRQVWUXLL. Testul format majoritar din itemi
RELHFWLYLDUHRILGHOLWDWHFUHVFXW
modul n care testul a fost administrat (timpul suficient alocat,
LQVWUXFLXQLOH GH WHVW IXUQL]DWH FRQGLLLOH DVLJXUDWH VSDLX
temperatura, lumina, zgomotul etc.).
schema de notare 2 VFKHP GH QRWDUH FODU L ELQH VWUXFWXUDW
FUHWHILGHOLWDWHDWHVWXOXL
5HOD LDGLQWUHYDOLGLWDWHLILGHOLWDWH
)LGHOLWDWHDHVWHRFRQGLLHQHFHVDUGDUQXLVXILFLHQWSHQWUXYDOLGLWDWH
8Q WHVW SRDWH IL ILGHO IU D IL YDOLG GHRDUHFH WHVWXO SRDWH PVXUD DOWFHYD
GHFkWLDSURSXVVPVRDUH
'DFXQWHVWQXHVWHILGHOHOQXHVWHQLFLYDOLG
Q vQFHUFDUHD GH D vPEXQWL ILGHOLWDWHD HVWH LPSRUWDQW V QH DVLJXUP F
DFHVWGHPHUVQXDIHFWHD]YDOLGLWDWHDWHVWXOXLUHVSHFWLY
Q VLWXDLD vQ FDUH H[LVW XQ FRQIOLFW vQWUH YDOLGLWDWH L ILGHOLWDWH DVLJXUDUHD
YDOLGLWLLHVWHFHDFDUHWUHEXLHVDLESULRULWDWH
Obiectivitatea UHSUH]LQW JUDGXO GH FRQFRUGDQ vQWUH DSUHFLHULOH IFXWH
GH HYDOXDWRUL LQGHSHQGHQL vQ FHHD FH SULYHWH XQ UVSXQV EXQ SHQWUX ILHFDUH
dintre itemii unui test7HVWHOHVWDQGDUGL]DWHDXRIRDUWHEXQRELHFWLYLWDWH
Aplicabilitatea VDX YDOLGLWDWHD GH DSOLFDUH GHVHPQHD] calitatea unui
WHVW GH D IL DGPLQLVWUDW L LQWHUSUHWDW FX XXULQ. Printre criteriile vQ IXQFLH GH
FDUH VH DSUHFLD] EXQD DSOLFDELOLWDWH D XQXL WHVW VH vQVFULX $XVXEHO VL
Robinson, 1981, p. 687):
- LPSRUWDQDFRQLQXWXOXLSHFDUHWHVWXOvOPVRDU
- FRQFRUGDQDGLQWUHIRUPDLFRQLQXWXOWHVWXOXLLQLYHOXOGHYkUVWDO
elevului testat;
- FRVWXOLWLPSXOQHFHVDUHSHQWUXDGPLQLVWUDUHDWHVWXOXL
- RELHFWLYLWDWHDvQQRWDUHLLQWHUSUHWDUHDUH]XOWDWHORU
1.5. Tipuri de itemi
3HQWUX R vQHOHJHUH PDL EXQ D DFHVWHL SUREOHPDWLFL YRP RSHUD FX
XUPWRDUHDGHILQLLHGHOXFUXDitemului:
Item = <ntrebare> + <formatul acesteia> + <UVSXQVXODWHSWDW>
22
7HRULD L SUDFWLFD HYDOX ULL HYLGHQ LD]
FODVLILFD L LWHPLL 8QXO GLQWUH FULWHULLOH FHO PDL GHV XWLOL]DWH HVWH DFHOD DO
obiectivitate oferit n corectare
PDL PXOWH FLWHULL SH ED]D F URUD SRW IL
gradului de
Q IXQF LH GH DFHVW FULWHULX LWHPLL SRW IL FODVLILFD L vQ
trei mari categorii:
a) itemi obiectivi
b) itemi semiobiectivi
c) LWHPLVXELHFWLYLFXUVSXQVGHVFKLV
Itemii obiectivi WHVWHD]XQQXPUPDUHGHHOHPHQWHGHFRQLQXWvQWUXQ
interval de timp relativ scurt, asigurnd un grad de obiectivitate ridicat n
PVXUDUHDUH]XOWDWHORUFRODUH
Itemii semiobiectivi SRW DFRSHUL R JDP YDULDW GH FDSDFLWL
LQWHOHFWXDOHFDUHVHGRUHVFDILWHVWDWHRIHULQGvQDFHODLWLPSSRVLELOLWDWHDGHD
XWLOL]D L PDWHULDOH DX[LOLDUH XWLOH HOHYLORU vQ UH]ROYDUHD VDUFLQLORU GH OXFUX
propuse.
,WHPLL VXELHFWLYL FX UVSXQV GHVFKLV VXQW UHODWLY XRU GH FRQVWUXLW
SULQFLSDOD SUREOHP FRQVWLWXLQGR PRGXO GH HODERUDUH D VFKHPHL GH QRWDUH D
DFHVWRUD FX DWkW PDL PXOW FX FkW DFHDVW FDWHJRULH GH LWHPL YL]HD]
GHPRQVWUDUHDGHFWUHHOHYLvQUVSXQVDRULJLQDOLWLLLFUHDWLYLWLLORU
7LSXULOH GH LWHPL FDUH VH LQFOXG vQ ILHFDUH GLQWUH FDWHJRULLOH PHQ LRQDWH DQWHULRU
YRU IL GHVFULVH GHWDOLDW vQ FDSLWROHOH XUP WRDUH DOH JKLGXOXL
23
Capitolul 2 Itemi obiectivi

2.1 ,WHPL FX DOHJHUH GXDO
2.2 Itemi de tip pereche
2.3 ,WHPL FX DOHJHUH PXOWLSO
7HVWHOH vQ VSHFLDO FHOH VWDQGDUGL]DWH FRQ LQ GH PXOWH RUL LWHPL RELHFWLYL SHQWUX F
VROLFLW
HOHYXOXL
VHOHFWDUHD
U VSXQVXOXL
variantele oferite.
FRUHFW
VDX
FHOXL
PDL
EXQ
VSXQV
GLQ
DQXPLWH SURSULHW L FDUDFWHULVWLFH

R JDP ODUJ GH RELHFWLYH GH HYDOXDW L GH HOHPHQWH GH FRQ LQXW vQWUXQ
,WHPLL RELHFWLYL SUH]LQW
DFRSHU
interval de timp relativ scurt;

-
VDUFLQLOH SURSXVH VXQW H[SOLFLWH L FRUHODWH FX RELHFWLYHOH GH HYDOXDUH

VXQW XRU GH FRQVWUXLW FRUHFWDW L QRWDW

JDUDQWHD]
RELHFWLYLWDWHD
FRUHFW ULL
FRUHFWHD]
SHUPLW XQ IHHGEDFN L GLDJQR]D UDSLG
QRW ULL
LQGLIHUHQW
GH
FkWH
SHUVRDQH

Obiectivitatea DFHVWRU LWHPL DUH WUHL GLUHF LL GH PDQLIHVWDUH

- RELHFWLYLWDWHD FRQVWUXF LHL LWHPXOXL FHULQ D HVWH VWUXFWXUDW L FRUHODW
obiectiv de evaluare;
- RELHFWLYLWDWHD SHUFHS LHL VDUFLQLL GH FWUH HOHYXO H[DPLQDWHOHYL
VROXWLRQkQG LQ DFHODL PRG DFHODL LWHP
RELHFWLYLWDWHD QRW ULL HYDOX ULL HYDOXDWRUL GLIHUL L DFRUG
FX XQ
GLIHULWL
DFHODL SXQFWDM SHQWUX
DFHHDL VROX LH D XQXL LWHP
,WHPLL RELHFWLYL SRW IL XWLOL]D L OD RULFH GLVFLSOLQ
WHRORJLF
GHRDUHFH IRUPDWXO ORU DUH R
mare flexibilitate:
DGHFYD L HYDOXULL XQHL SODMH ODUJL GH RELHFWLYH GH HYDOXDUH
Q FDWHJRULD LWHPLORU RELHFWLYL VXQW LQFOXL
LWHPL FX DOHJHUH GXDO
DGHYUDWIDOV GDQX FRUHFWLQFRUHFW
itemi de tip pereche (de asociere);
LWHPL FX DOHJHUH PXOWLSO
,WHPLFXDOHJHUHGXDODGHYUDWIDOVVDXUVSXQVDOWHUQDWLY
HVWH LWHPXO SHQWUX FDUH HOHYXO HYDOXDW HVWH VROLFLWDW

VHOHFWH]H XQ UVSXQV FRUHFW GLQ GRX UVSXQVXUL SRVLELOH OD R vQWUHEDUH
VDX SUREOHP
'HILQL LH ,WHPXO FX DOHJHUH GXDO

V
,WHPXO
VROLFLW
XUP WRDUHORU
FHOXL
JUXSXUL
HYDOXDW
GH
DVRFLH]H
DOWHUQDWLYH
XQXL
HQXQ
DGHY UDWIDOV
GDW
XQD
GLQ
FRUHFWJUHLW
GH]DFRUG FRUHFWLQFRUHFW HQXQ IDFWXDO HQXQ GH RSLQLH HWF
&HO PDL IUHFYHQW IRORVL L VXQW LWHPLL GH WLS DGHY UDWIDOV
Domenii de utilizare:
- FXQRDWHUHD WHUPLQRORJLHL D XQRU GDWH IDFWXDOH D XQRU SULQFLSLL
- FRPSDUD LL vQWUH FRQFHSWH
- UHOD LL vQWUH GRX HYHQLPHQWH SULQFLSLL FRQFHSWH
- H[SOLFD LL DOH XQRU FRQFHSWH
- HYDOXDUHD XQRU DILUPD LL UHIHULWRDUH OD HYHQLPHQWH
- FRPSDUD LL vQWUH FRQFHSWH
24
FRPSRQHQWHOH
GDQX
DFRUG
Reguli pentru proiectarea acestui tip de itemi:(N.Gronlund,p.167)

- IRUPXODUHD FODU SUHFLV IU DPELJXLW L VDX DVSHFWH LUHOHYDQWH
- HYLWDUHD HQXQ XULORU JHQHUDOH PDL DOHV FkQG H VROLFLWDW DSUHFLHUHD
VDX IDOV
ORU
FD
DGHY UDW
HYLWDUHD HQXQ XULORU QHJDWLYH L vQ VSHFLDO D GXEOHL QHJD LL FDUH LQGXFH XQ vQDOW
grad de ambiguitate;
-
HYLWDUHD
HQXQ XULORU
SUHD
OXQJL
FRPSOH[H
OLPEDMXOXL
DFDGHPLF
FRQVWUXF LLORU OLQJYLVWLFH JUHRDLH
LGHL GLVWLQFWH vQWUXQ HQXQ

HQXQ XULOH DGHYUDWH L FHOH IDOVH V ILH DSUR[LPDWLY HJDOH FD OXQJLPH
QXPUXO HQXQ XULORU DGHYUDWH L FHO DO HQXQ XULORU IDOVH V ILH DSUR[LPDWLY HJDO
QX H[DFW HJDO GHRDUHFH SRDWH FRQVWLWXL XQ LQGLFLX GXS FDUH HOHYXO vQFHDUF V
JKLFHDVF UVSXQVXO FRUHFW
HYLWDUHD LQWURGXFHULL D GRX
Exemplul 1
Clasa: a II-a
Capitolul: Catehism
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V LGHQWLILFH GHILQLUHD 6ILQ LL PSUWDQLL
(QXQ &LWHWH FX DWHQ LH DILUPD LD XUP WRDUH Q FD]XO vQ FDUH DSUHFLH]L F

HVWH DGHY UDW vQFHUFXLHWH OLWHUD

vQFHUFXLHWH OLWHUD
A/F
A
GDF
F.

DSUHFLH]L F
DILUPD LD
DILUPD LD HVWH IDOV
6IkQWD PS UW DQLH HVWH 7DLQD vPS UW LULL FX 7UXSXO L 6kQJHOH 'RPQXOXL VXE
FKLSXO SkLQLL L DO YLQXOXL SHQWUX LHUWDUHD S FDWHORU L SHQWUX PRWHQLUHD YLH LL GH
veci.
5 VSXQV FRUHFW:
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a IV-a
Capitolul: Vechiul Testament
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V UHDOL]H]H R FRUHOD LH
mplinirile din Noul Testament.
vQWUH SURIH LLOH 9HFKLXOXL 7HVWDPHQW FX

HVWH DGHY UDW vQFHUFXLHWH
IDOV vQFHUFXLHWH FXYkQWXO
DA / NU
FXYkQWXO
NU.
DA
GDF
DSUHFLH]L
DILUPD LD
DILUPD LD HVWH
3URIHWXO 0LKHHD D SURRURFLW QDWHUHD OXL 0HVLD vQ %HWOHHP
5 VSXQV FRUHFW:
DA
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a II-a
Capitolul: Noul Testament
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V ILH FDSDELOL V FXQRDVF VUEWRULOH vPSUWHWL

DILUPD LD

FXYkQWXO CORECT GDF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD HVWH
IDOV VXEOLQLD] FXYkQWXO *5(,7

HVWH DGHY UDW VXEOLQLD]

&25(&7 *5(,7 %RWH]XO 'RPQXOXL VH V UE WRUHWH vQ ILHFDUH DQ OD LDQXDULH

5 VSXQV FRUHFW *5(,7

5 VSXQV
: 6 ianuarie
25
Exemplul 4
Clasa: a VIII-a
Capitolul: $SRVWRODW L VSLULWXDOLWDWH
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V ILH FDSDELOL V GHILQHDVF VLQHUJLD


vQFHUFXLHWH OLWHUD
A/F
6LQHUJLD UHSUH]LQW
5 VSXQV FRUHFW:
A
GDF
F.
DSUHFLH]L F
UHFXQRDVF SULQFLSDOHOH SU L FRPSRQHQWH DOH



vQFHUFXLHWH OLWHUD
A
F.
GDF
DSUHFLH]L F
DILUPD LD
DILUPD LD HVWH IDOV
3 U LOH FRPSRQHQWH DOH %LVHULFLL VXQW DOWDU QDRV SURQDRV
5 VSXQV FRUHFW:
Exemplul 6
Clasa: I
Capitolul: Catehism
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH
Dumnezeu.
ILH FDSDELOL V UHFXQRDVF QXPHOH SULPLORU RDPHQL FUHD L GH


HVWH DGHY UDW vQFHUFXLHWH
IDOV vQFHUFXLHWH FXYkQWXO
DA / NU
FXYkQWXO
NU.
DA
GDF
DSUHFLH]L
DILUPD LD
DILUPD LD HVWH
3ULPLL RDPHQL FUHD L GH 'XPQH]HX DX IRVW $GDP L (YD
5 VSXQV FRUHFW:
DA
Exemplul 7
Clasa: a VI-a
Capitolul: 1R LXQL GH PRUDO FUHWLQ
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V ILH FDSDELOL V H[SOLFH VLPEROXULOH GLQWUR SLOG


CORECT
HVWH IDOV vQFHUFXLHWH FXYkQWXO *5(,7.
HVWH DGHY UDW vQFHUFXLHWH FXYkQWXO
&25(&7 *5(,7
GDF
DSUHFLH]L F
0LUHOH GLQ 3LOGD FHORU ]HFH IHFLRDUH VLPEROL]HD]
Iisus Hristos care vine la Judecata de Apoi.
DILUPD LD
FRQOXFUDUHD vQWUH KDUXO GLYLQ L IDSWHOH RPXOXL
Exemplul 5
Clasa: a V-a
Capitolul: 1R LXQL GH OLWXUJLF
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V ILH FDSDELOL
Bisericii.
A/F
DILUPD LD HVWH IDOV
5 VSXQV FRUHFW:
CORECT
26
DILUPD LD
DILUPD LD
SH 0kQWXLWRUXO
Exemplul 8
Clasa: a VII-a
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V ILH FDSDELOL
(versete) biblice.
LGHQWLILFH VHPQLILFD LD FRUHFW
D XQRU WH[WH


CORECT
HVWH IDOV vQFHUFXLHWH FXYkQWXO *5(,7.
HVWH DGHY UDW vQFHUFXLHWH FXYkQWXO
&25(&7 *5(,7 ([SUHVLD FHL V UDFL FX GXKXO VH UHIHU

5 VSXQV FRUHFW *5(,7
GDF
DSUHFLH]L F
DILUPD LD
DILUPD LD
OD FHL SURWL
OD FHL VPHUL L
FHULQ HL GH D LGHQWLILFD
HQXQ XULOH DGHYUDWH UHVSHFWLY IDOVH L VH SRW DGXJD GRX FHULQ H VXSOLPHQWDUH
a) VXEOLQLHUHD FXYkQWXOXL FDUH GHWHUPLQ FDUDFWHUXO HURQDW DO HQXQ XOXL
b) vQORFXLUHD OXL FX XQ FXYkQW FDUH IDFH FD DILUPD LD V GHYLQ DGHYUDW
5 VSXQV FRUHFW ([SUHVLD FHL V UDFL FX GXKXO VH UHIHU
3HQWUX D ULGLFD QLYHOXO GH GLILFXOWDWH D LWHPLORU FX DOHJHUH GXDO
Exemplul 1
Disciplina: Religie
Clasa: a X-a
Capitol 'RJPDWLF
Obiectiv (OHYLL V
ILH
FDSDELOL
FUHWLQH
UHFXQRDVF
SULQFLSDOHOH
vQVXLUL
DOH
vQY
WXULL

DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD HVWH IDOV
(QXQ &LWHWH FX DWHQ LH ILHFDUH GLQ XUP WRDUHOH DILUPD LL Q FD]XO vQ FDUH DSUHFLH]L F

DILUPD LD HVWH DGHY UDW vQFHUFXLHWH OLWHUD

vQFHUFXLHWH OLWHUD
a)
b)
1.
GDF
(F) Q FD]XO DILUPD LLORU IDOVH
VXEOLQLD]
FXYkQWXO FDUH IDFH FD DILUPD LD V ILH IDOV
VFULH vQ VSD LXO PDUFDW FXYkQWXO FDUH IDFH FD DILUPD LD V
5HYHOD LD
GXPQH]HLDVF
Dumnezeu omenirii.
(5VSXQV FRUHFW
2.
(A)
HVWH
GH]Y OXLUHD
vQY
WXULORU
GHYLQ DGHYUDW
SH
FDUH
I FXWR
A F .
$)
6LPEROXO FUHGLQ HL HVWH R VFXUW
SRYHVWLUH
D FUHGLQ HL FUHWLQH FXSULQV
vQ 6IkQWD
7UDGL LH L 6IkQWD 6FULSWXU
(5VSXQV FRUHFW F)
- cuvntul care trebuie subliniat povestire
- cuvntul cu care trebuie nlocuit PUWXULVLUH
3.
A F .
3ULQ FKLSXO OXL 'XPQH]HX vQ HOHJHP VXIOHWXO QHPXULWRU vQ]HVWUDW FX UD LXQH YRLQ
L VHQWLPHQW
A F .
(5VSXQV FRUHFW A)
4.
'DWRULW
QHDVFXOWULL R SDUWH GLQ vQJHUL DX F]XW
(5VSXQV FRUHFW F)
- cuvntul care trebuie subliniat QHDVFXOWULL
- cuvntul cu care trebuie nlocuit mndriei
27
A F .
2. 2 Itemi de tip pereche (de asociere)

'HILQL LH
SUHFL]HD]
,WHPLL
GH
WLS
SHUHFKH
VXQW
IRUPD L
GLQ
GRX
OLVWH
LQVWUXF LXQL
FDUH
PRGXO vQ FDUH VH YD UHDOL]D DVRFLHUHD HOHPHQWHORU DFHVWRUD L PRGXO GH
nregistrare.
,WHPXO GH WLS SHUHFKH LPSXQH FD VDUFLQ
VWDELOLUHD XQRU FRUHVSRQGHQ H
FRUHFWH vQWUH FXYLQWH SURSR]L LL IUD]H QXPHUH OLWHUH VLPEROXUL GLVWULEXLWH
SH GRX
FRORDQH
FRQ LQH HQXQ XO LWHPXOXL L VXQW GHQXPLWH premise;

D GRXD FRORDQ FRQ LQH UVSXQVXULOH.
&ULWHULXO VDX FULWHULLOH SH ED]D FURUD VH VWDELOHWH UVSXQVXO FRUHFW VH UHDOL]HD]
DVRFLHUHD vQWUH SUHPLVH L UVSXQVXUL VXQW HQXQ DWH L H[SOLFDWH vQ LQVWUXF LXQLOH FDUH
SUHFHG FHOH GRX FRORDQH GH SUHPLVH L UVSXQVXUL
a)
b)
SULPD FRORDQ
8WLOL]DUHD LWHPLORU GH WLS SHUHFKH VH ED]HD]

vQWUH FHOH GRX
HOHPHQWH FXP DU IL
- reguli exemple
- SHUVRQDOLW L UHDOL]UL
- date evenimente istorice
- SULQFLSLL H[HPSOLILFUL
- simboluri concepte
- SU L FRPSRQHQWH XWLOL]UL
- autori opere
WHUPHQL GHILQL LL
Reguli de proiectare(N.Gronlund,p.173):
- V VH XWLOL]H]H XQ PDWHULDO RPRJHQ
SH DELOLWDWHD HOHYXOXL GH D LGHQWLILFD UHOD LD
GLQ DFHODL GRPHQLX DO RELHFWLYHORU FH YRU IL
FRUHODWH vQ FDGUXO DFHOXLDL WLS GH LWHP
VH LQFOXG XQ QXPU LQHJDO GH SUHPLVH XQ QXPU PDL PLF L UVSXQVXUL XQ

PXOWH RUL QLFL R GDW
OLVWD
UVSXQVXULORU
V
ILH
vQWUR
RUGLQH
ORJLF
SHQWUX
HYLWDUHD
IXUQL]ULL
UVSXQVXOXL FRUHFW
SODVDUHD SH DFHHDL SDJLQ D SUHPLVHORU L UVSXQVXULORU
V
QXP U PDL PDUH LDU HOHYLL VD ILH LQVWUXL L FXP SRW IRORVL U VSXQVXOR GDW GH PDL
Exemplul 1
Disciplina: Religie
Clasa: a VI-a
Capitol 1R LXQL GH OLWXUJLF
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V UHFXQRDVF

GDWD SULQFLSDOHORU V UE WRUL GRPQHWL FX GDWH
IL[
: n coloana din stnga (A VXQW HQXPHUDWH GDWHOH XQRU VUEWRUL vPSUWHWL

coloana din dreapta (B FRQ LQH GHQXPLUHD VUEWRULORU vPSUWHWL
$VRFLD] ILHFDUH VUEWRDUH GLQ FRORDQD (B) FX GDWH FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH GLQ
coloana( A) VFULLQG vQ VSD LXO GLQ VWkQJD QXPUXOXL GH RUGLQH GLQ SULPD
FRORDQ A OLWHUD SRWULYLW GLQ FRORDQD B).
A
B
1.
6 august
D1DWHUHD 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV
2.
1 ianuarie
b.nmpinarea Domnului
3.
2 februarie
F7LHUHD vPSUHMXU
4.
25 decembrie
d.Intrarea Domnului n Ierusalim
5.
6 ianuarie
H6FKLPEDUHD OD )D
f. Botezul Domnului
g. nvierea Domnului
(QXQ
5 VSXQV FRUHFW:
1e, 2c, 3b, 4a, 5f

G L J VXQW YDULDQWH HURQDWH L QX WUHEXLH DVRFLDWH QLFL XQHL GDWH
28
Exemplul 2
Disciplina: Religie
Clasa: a V-a
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V LGHQWLILFH VLPEROXULOH SULQFLSDOHORU RELHFWH GH FXOW
(QXQ : n coloana din stnga (A DYH L FkWHYD RELHFWH GH FXOW QVFULH L vQ SDUWHD GLQ
VWkQJD GLQ ID D ILHFUXL RELHFW GH FXOW GLQ FRORDQD A) litera din coloana (B)
care corespunde principalei simbolisticii a acestuia.
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
Sfntul Antimis
Sfntul Chivot
Sfntul Disc
Sfntul Potir
5.
Sfntul Epitaf
D ,HVOHD vQ FDUH 6D Q VFXW 0kQWXLWRUXO FX WUXS
b. Trupul mort al Domnului Iisus Hristos

F 7URQXO SH FDUH VW
G
*LXOJLXO
vQ
0kQWXLWRUXO vQ VODYD FHUHDVF

D
IRVW
vQIXUDW
WUXSXO
FDUH
Mntuitorului cnd a fost pus n mormnt

H 3DKDUXO GH OD &LQD FHD GH 7DLQ
f. Steaua care a condus Magii la Betleem

g. 6XOL D FDUH D vPSXQV FRDVWD 0kQWXLWRUXOXL
5 VSXQV FRUHFW
1d, 2c, 3a, 4e, 5b
I L J VXQW YDULDQWH HURQDWH L QX WUHEXLH DVRFLDWH QLFL XQXL RELHFW GH FXOW SUH]HQWDW
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a IV-a
Capitol: 6OXMLUH L PLVLXQH
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V UHFXQRDVF ORFXO XQGH VH DIO PRDWHOH
XQRU VILQ L OD QRL vQ
DU
(QXQ
: n coloana din stnga (A
VXQW HQXPHUDWH ORFXULOH XQGH VH DIO
VILQ L FRORDQD GLQ GUHDSWD
DU
$VRFLD]
ILHFDUH
VIkQW
GLQ
FRORDQD
coloana (A VFULLQG vQ VSD LXO GLQ VWkQJD

FRORDQ A OLWHUD SRWULYLW GLQ FRORDQD B).
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
PRDWHOH XQRU
FRQ LQH QXPHOH XQRU VILQ L FX PRDWH OD QRL vQ

FX
ORFXO
QXP UXOXL
GH
RUGLQH
)LORIWHLD
,DL
D 6IkQWD 0XFHQL
%LVWUL D
&XUWHD GH $UJH
b. Sfntul Ioan cel Nou de la Suceava

c. Sfntul Grigorie Decapolitul
%XFXUHWL
G 6IkQWD &XYLRDV
Suceava
e. Sfntul Dimitrie cel Nou Basarabov

f. 6IkQWXO ,RDQ *XU GH $XU
g. Sfntul Mucenic Dimitrie
5 VSXQV FRUHFW
3DUDVFKLYD
1d, 2c, 3a, 4e, 5b
I L J VXQW YDULDQWH HURQDWH GHFL QX WUHEXLH DVRFLDWH QLFL XQXL ORF
29
GLQ
GLQ
SULPD
FRUHVSXQ] WRU
Exemplul 4
Clasa: a XI-a
Capitol: 2UWRGR[LD L &XOWXUD 1D LRQDO
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V ILH FDSDELO V UHFXQRDVF SHUVRQDOLW L L FUHD LL FXOWXUDOH
(QXQ 6FULH L vQ VSD LXO SXQFWDW GLQ ID D ILHFUHL RSHUH GLQ FRORDQD A) litera
FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH QXPHOXL DXWRUXOXL VX GLQ FRORDQD B).
A
1.
2.
3.
4.

WXU
Varlaam
D1RXO 7HVWDPHQW GH OD % OJUDG
6LPLRQ WHIDQ
E(YDQJKHOLD FX vQY
Dosoftei
Antim Ivireanul
c.Didahiile
G5 VSXQV OD &DWHKLVPXO FDOYLQHVF
e.Psaltirea n versuri
I 0 UWXULVLUHD 2UWRGR[
5 VSXQV FRUHFW GDHF

E L I VXQW YDULDQWH HURQDWH GHFL QX WUHEXLH DVRFLDWH QLFL XQHL RSHUH
Exemplul 5
Clasa: a XII-a
Capitol: 6SLULWXDOLWDWH L PLVLXQH
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V ILH FDSDELO
- V UHFXQRDVF SHUVRQDOLW LOH SROLWLFH L IDSWHOH FUHWLQH
(QXQ
6FULH L vQ VSD LXO SXQFWDW GLQ ID D ILHF UHL SHUVRQDOLW

L SROLWLFH GLQ FRORDQD A)
OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH P Q VWLULL FRQVWUXLWH GH HD GLQ FRORDQD
1.
2.
3.
B).
B
a. Cozia
b. Hurezi
c. Putna
0LUFHD FHO % WUkQ

WHIDQ FHO 0DUH
Constantin Brncoveanu
G 1HDP
e. Snagov
f. Sf. Mihail din Peri
g. 9RURQH
5 VSXQV FRUHFW D H F G J E
I HVWH YDULDQW
HURQDW GHFL QX WUHEXLH DVRFLDW QLFL XQXL GRPQLWRU
,WHPLLFXDOHJHUHPXOWLSO
'HILQL LH
6XQW LWHPLL FDUH VROLFLW
HOHYXOXL HYDOXDW DOHJHUHD VHOHFWDUHD U
VSXQVXOXL
FRUHFW VDX D FHOXL PDL EXQ U VSXQV GLQWUXQ QXP U GH YDULDQWH FRQVWUXLWH
GHMD GH DFHHD VH PDL QXPHVF LWHPL FX U
VSXQV VHOHFWDW
L R OLVW GH DOWHUQDWLYH FDUH UHSUH]LQW

VROX LLOH SRVLELOH FHOH LWHPXOXL (OHYXO WUHEXLH V DOHDJ R VLQJXU YDULDQW FRUHFW
H[LVWHQW GLQWUXQ QXPU GH DOWH YDULDQWH GH UVSXQV LQFRUHFWH GDU SDUDOHOH QXPLWH
$FHVW WLS GH LWHP HVWH DOF WXLW GLQWUR SUHPLV
distractori.
SHQWUX PVXUDUHD UH]XOWDWHORU vQY ULL D FXQRWLQ HORU DVLPLODWH
- FXQRDWHUHD WHUPLQRORJLHL
- FXQRDWHUHD IDSWHORU VSHFLILFH
- FXQRDWHUHD SULQFLSLLORU
- FXQRDWHUHD PHWRGHORU L SURFHGHHORU
30
SHQWUX P VXUDUHD vQ HOHJHULL L FDSDFLW
LL GH DSOLFDUH
FDSDFLWDWHD GH D LGHQWLILFD DSOLFD LL DOH IDSWHORU L SULQFLSLLORU

DELOLWDWHD GH D LQWHUSUHWD UHOD LD FDX]
HIHFW
vQ HOHJHUHD L DUJXPHQWDUHD DOHJHULL XQRU PHWRGH L SURFHGHH
Reguli de proiectare (A. Stoica coord., 2001, p. 102):
Premisa
- IRUPXODW vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX RELHFWLYXO GH HYDOXDUH
- IRUPXODW vQ WHUPHQL FODUL SUHFLL DGHFYD L YkUVWHL
- WUHEXLH V FRQ LQ XQ YHUE FDUH RULHQWHD] L GHWHUPLQ DOHJHUHD XQXL UVSXQV
- IRUPXODUHD vQWUHEULL QX WUHEXLH V VXJHUH]H UVSXQVXO FRUHFW QLFL V XWLOL]H]H
negativul;
Distractori
- WUHEXLH V ILH SODX]LELOL L SDUDOHOL
- WUHEXLH V ILH LQGHSHQGHQ L
- QX WUHEXLH V FRQ LQ LQGLFLL SHQWUX DOHJHUHD UVSXQVXOXL FHUXW
- QX SRW IL FRQVWUXL L FD VLQRQLPH VDX DQWRQLPH DOH XQXLD GLQWUH HL
- QX WUHEXLH V H[LVWH DPELJXLW L FRUHFWLWXGLQHD JUDPDWLFDO ILLQG LPSRUWDQW
- RUGLQHD SODVULL UVSXQVXULORU V ILH DOHDWRDUH
- nu se vor utiliza sintagmele toate cele de mai sus sau nici una dintre cele de
PDL VXV vQ VFULHUHD YDULDQWHORU GH U
VSXQV
Exemplul 1
Clasa: a VI-a
&RQ LQXW Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Romne
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V FXQRDVF DQXO UHFXQRDWHULL 0LWURSROLHL 8QJURYODKLHL
(QXQ
: $OHJH
a)
b)
c)
d)
WRDUH
WUH 3DWULDUKLD (FXPHQLF D IRVW
U VSXQVXO FRUHFW L vQFHUFXLHWH OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ]
$QXO UHFXQRDWHULL 0LWURSROLHL 8QJURYODKLHL GH F
1330
1401
1389
1359
5 VSXQV FRUHFW G
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a VII-a
&RQ LQXW $SRVWRODW L VSLULWXDOLWDWH
Obiectiv
(OHYXO WUHEXLH V
sociale.
(QXQ
: $OHJH
UHFXQRDVF
QXPHOH FHOXL FDUH D vQILLQ DW DH] PLQWHOH
3ULPHOH DH] PLQWH VRFLDOH DX IRVW vQILLQ DWH GH
a) 6IkQWXO ,RDQ *XU GH $XU

b) Sfntul Vasile cel Mare
c) Sfntul Grigorie de Nazianz
d) Sfntul Ierarh Nicolae
5VSXQV FRUHFW
31
WRDUH:
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a VIII-a
&RQ LQXW Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Romne
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V FXQRDVF DQXO
Ortodoxe Romne.
(QXQ
: $OHJH
WRDUH
5RPkQ D IRVW ULGLFDW OD UDQJXO GH 3DWULDUKLH vQ DQXO
%LVHULFD 2UWRGR[
a)
b)
c)
d)
ULGLF ULL OD UDQJ GH 3DWULDUKLH D %LVHULFLL
1918
1925
1921
1884
5 VSXQV FRUHFW E
Exemplul 4
Clasa: a IV-a
&RQ LQXW Noul Testament
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V LGHQWLILFH RUGLQHD FURQRORJLF vQWUR VXFFHVLXQH
(QXQ
: $OHJH
2UGLQHD FURQRORJLF
a)
QYLHUHD
D XUPWRDUHORU VUEWRUL HVWH
'RPQXOXL
3RJRUkUHD 6I
'XK Q
WRDUH
O DUHD
OD
FHU
0kQWXLWRUXOXL
Intrarea Domnului n Ierusalim;

b) Pogorrea Sf. Duh; Intrarea Domnului n Ierusalim; nvierea Domnului;

Q O DUHD OD FHU D 'RPQXOXL
c)
Q O DUHD
OD
FHU
'RPQXOXL
,QWUDUHD
'RPQXOXL
vQ
,HUXVDOLP
Domnului; Pogorrea Sf. Duh;

d)
,QWUDUHD
'RPQXOXL
vQ
,HUXVDOLP
QYLHUHD
'RPQXOXL
Domnului; Pogorrea Sf. Duh;
O DUHD
QYLHUHD
OD
FHU
5 VSXQV FRUHFW G
Exemplul 5
Clasa: a V-a
&RQ LQXW Istoria Bisericii Universale
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V LGHQWLILFH ORFDOL]DUHD SULPHL FRPXQLW L FUHWLQH
(QXQ
$OHJH U VSXQVXO FRUHFW L vQFHUFXLHWH OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ]

3ULPD FRPXQLWDWH FUHWLQ
a)
b)
c)
d)
Damasc
Ierusalim
Antiohia
Roma
D IRVW vQILLQ DW vQ
WRDUH
5 VSXQV FRUHFW E
Exemplul 6
Disciplina: Religie
Clasa: I
&RQ LQXW Noul Testament
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V LGHQWLILFH RUDXO vQ FDUH VD QVFXW 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV
(QXQ
: $OHJH
0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV VD Q
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ierusalim
Nazaret
Betleem
Capernaum
VFXW vQ RUDXO
5 VSXQV FRUHFW F
32
WRDUH
Exemplul 7
Clasa: a II-a
&RQ LQXW Vechiul Testament
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V LGHQWLILFH
SHUVRDQD SH FDUH 'XPQH]HX R vQFUHGLQ HD]
S ULQWH DO SRSRUXOXL DOHV
(QXQ
: $OHJH
FD
WRDUH
3 ULQWHOH SRSRUXOXL DOHV VH QXPHWH
a)
b)
c)
d)
Moise
Iosif
Avraam
Isaac
5 VSXQV FRUHFW F
Exemplul 8
Clasa: a III-a
&RQ LQXW 1R LXQL GH FDWHKLVP
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V LGHQWLILFH WLSXO 7DLQHL SULQ FDUH GHYHQLP FUHWLQL
(QXQ
: $OHJH
WRDUH
SRDUWD GH LQWUDUH vQ FUHWLQLVP HVWH
7DLQD FDUH UHSUH]LQW
a) Taina Mirungerii
b) Taina Botezului
c) 7DLQD PSUWDQLHL
d) Taina Spovedaniei
5 VSXQV FRUHFW E
Exemplul 9
Clasa: a IX-a
&RQ LQXW Marile religii ale lumii
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V FXQRDVF RULJLQHD UHOLJLHL LVODPLFH
(QXQ
: $OHJH
5HOLJLD LVODPLF
a)
b)
c)
d)
HVWH R VLQWH] D XUPWRDUHORU UHOLJLL
WRDUH
KLQGXLVP L EXGLVP
EXGLVP L FUHWLQLVP
FUHWLQLVP L KLQGXLVP
LXGDLVP L FUHWLQLVP
5 VSXQV FRUHFW G
Exemplul 10
Clasa: a X-a
&RQ LQXW 0RUDO
Obiectiv
(OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V
Legea iubirii.
(QXQ
: $OHJH
GLVWLQJ GLQWUH YHUVHWH GLIHULWH WH[WXO FDUH VH UHIHU OD
/HJHD 1RXOXL 7HVWDPHQW /HJHD LXELULL GDW
a)
(X
VXQW
'RPQXO
'RPQXOXL W X V
(Porunca I, Decalog)
b)
c)
GH 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV HVWH
QX DL
DO L
GXPQH]HL
vQ
DIDU
GH
0LQH

DFHLD ILLL OXL 'XPQH]HX VH YRU FKHPD 0DWHL
LXEHWL SH 'RPQXO 'XPQH]HXO WX GLQ WRDW LQLPD WD L GLQ WRW VXIOHWXO WX L
GLQ WRDW SXWHUHD WD L GLQ WRW FXJHWXO WX LDU SH DSURDSHOH WX FD SH WLQH vQVX L
)HULFL L I F WRULL GH SDFH F
(Luca, 10, 27)

d)
WRDUH
QX
LHL
QXPHOH
'RPQXOXL
'XPQH]HXOXL
Decalog)
5 VSXQV FRUHFW F
33
X
vQ
GHHUW
3RUXQFD
,,,D
Capitolul 3 - Itemi semiobiectivi

3.1
3.2
,WHPL FX U VSXQV VFXUW GH FRPSOHWDUH
QWUHE UL VWUXFWXUDWH
'HILQL LH ,WHPLL VHPLRELHFWLYL VXQW LWHPLL FDUH SXQ HOHYXO vQ VLWXD LD GH D FRQVWUXL SDU LDO
VDX WRWDO U VSXQVXO OD VDUFLQD GHILQLW
6H FDUDFWHUL]HD]
SXWHUHD
vQY
ULL
SULQ
GH
WHVWD
SODM
ODUJ
GH
SODVDUHD HOHYXOXL vQWUR VLWXD LH FRJQLWLY
utilizarea unor materiale auxiliare.
vQ HQXQ XO LWHPXOXL
FDSDFLW
L
LQWHOHFWXDOH
UH]XOWDWH
DOH
PDL FRPSOH[ GHFkW LWHPLL RELHFWLYL
Utilizarea itemilor semiobiectivi:

- vQFXUDMHD] DSURIXQGDUHD QR LXQLORU vQY DWH
- FUHWH YLWH]D GH RSHUDUH FX DFHWLD L D H[SULPULL
,WHPLFXUVSXQVVFXUWGHFRPSOHWDUH
,WHPLL FX U VSXQV VFXUW GH FRPSOHWDUH VROLFLW
HOHYXOXL IRUPXODUHD XQXL UVSXQV VFXUW

ILH DGHYUDW V DLE VHQV
VDX FRPSOHWDUHD DILUPD LHL DVWIHO vQFkW DFHVWD V
Q FDGUXO LWHPLORU FX U VSXQV VFXUW GH FRPSOHWDUH
OLEHUWDWHD GH D UHRUJDQL]D LQIRUPD LD L GH D RIHUL U VSXQVXO vQ DOW
FRUHFWLWXGLQHD U VSXQVXOXL GHPRQVWUHD]
VDUFLQD HVWH ELQH VWUXFWXUDW
U VSXQVXO HVWH VWULFW OLPLWDW FD VSD LX IRUP
OLPLWDW
HOHYXOXL
GH
RUJDQL]DUH
HVHQ LDOL]DUH
L FRQ LQXW GH VWUXFWXUD VDUFLQLL

IRUP HVWH
QX QXPDL FXQRDWHUHD FL L FDSDFLWDWHD
FXQRWLQ HORU
IRUPXODUHD SRWULYLW
,WHPLL
FX
U VSXQV
VFXUW
SXQ
HOHYXO

VROLFLW
vQ
VLWXD LD
GH
GD
SUHFXP
U VSXQVXO
HODERUDUHD
VXE
IRUPD
XQHL
SURSR]L LL IUD]H VLPERO QXP U VDX D XQXL FXYkQW

,WHPLL
GH
FRPSOHWDUH
FRPSOHWHD]
DILUPD LD GLQ HQXQ
HOHYXOXL
J VLUHD
FXYkQWXOXL
VDX
VLQWDJPHL
FDUH
FRQIRUP VHQVXOXL DFHVWXLD 'H PXOWH RUL HL DX IRUPD
XQHL DILUPD LL LQFRPSOHWH
Domenii de utilizare ( GXS $ 6WRLFD FRRUG

- interpretarea unor date;
- FXQRDWHUHD WHUPLQRORJLHL VSHFLILFH
- FXQRDWHUHD XQRU PHWRGH L SURFHGXUL
- DSOLFDUHD GLUHFW D XQRU OHJL SULQFLSLL
- rezolvarea problemelor numerice simple;
- abilitatea de a utiliza simboluri.
5HJXOL GH SURLHFWDUH D LWHPLORU FX U VSXQV VFXUW GH FRPSOHWDUH
HQXQ XO L VDUFLQD WUHEXLH IRUPXODWH FODU DVWIHO vQFkW U
VSXQVXO V
ILH VFXUW
SUHFLV L FHO YL]DW
FRQ LQ XQ VLQJXU UVSXQV FRUHFW

UHGDFWDUHD UVSXQVXOXL V ILH VXILFLHQW GH
ILHFDUH LWHP WUHEXLH V
PDUH L V VXJHUH]H
UVSXQVXO DWHSWDW FRQ LQH XQXO VDX PDL PXOWH FXYLQWH
SUHFL]DW H[SOLFLW H[SULPDUHD DWHSWDW QXPHULF OLWHUDO JUDILF VLPEROLF
VSD LXO SHQWUX
GDF
34
XWLOL]DUHD WHVWHORU GLQ PDQXDO DU WUHEXL HYLWDW
SHQWUX D QX vQFXUDMD PHPRUDUHD
PHFDQLF
Avantajele LWHPLORU FX UVSXQV VFXUW GH FRPSOHWDUH

- HYDOXHD] FDSDFLW L GH QLYHO VXSHULRU FHORU LPSOLFDWH vQ VLPSOD
reactualizare;
- VROLFLW FRH]LXQH L HVHQ LDOL]DUH vQ HODERUDUHD UVSXQVXOXL
- HYDOXHD] XQ QXPU GH VHPQLILFDWLY GH FXQRWLQ H VWUXFWXUDWH
FDSDFLW
L
FRUHFWDUHD L QRWDUHD DX XQ JUDG VXILFLHQW GH RELHFWLYLWDWH
LQWHOHFWXDOH VXSHULRDUH
VLQWH]D IRUPXODUHD GH DUJXPHQWH GH VROX LL

SRVLELOH L H[SULPDUHD RS LXQLL SHUVRQDOH GLQ FDX]D SDUWLFXODULW LORU ORU
OD GLVFLSOLQHOH WHRORJLFH FDSDFLWDWHD GH D IRUPXOD XQ U VSXQV VFXUW VLQWHWLF
QHFHVDU vQ PXOWH VLWXD LL WUHEXLH DVRFLDW FX FDSDFLWDWHD GH
D GH]YROWD XQ
GLVFXUV R VLWXD LH GH FRPXQLFDUH FRPSOH[ OLEHU FUHDWLY GUHSW SHQWUX FDUH
XWLOL]DUHD DFHVWXL WLS GH LWHPL WUHEXLH SRQGHUDW
UH]ROYDUHD
GH SUREOHPH DQDOL]
Exemplul 1
Clasa: I
&RQ LQXW Catehism
Obiectiv: Elevul va fi capabil:
- V FXQRDVF LQIRUPD LL GH UHIHULQ
a)
vQ GHSULQGHUL L
HODERUDUHD ORU HVWH XRDU
Dezavantajele LWHPLORU FX UVSXQV VFXUW GH FRPSOHWDUH

- QX VXQW UHFRPDQGD L SHQWUX HYDOXDUHD FDSDFLW LORU
(QXQ
UHFXQRDWHUH L
: &RPSOHWHD]
&DUWHD
vQ
FDUH
VSD LLOH SXQFWDWH FX LQIRUPD LD FRUHFW
J VLP
&XYkQWXO
OXL
'XPQH]HX
VH
QXPHWH
VDX
5 VSXQV FRUHFW %LEOLD VDX 6IkQWD 6FULSWXU
b)
&O GLUHD
XQGH
VH
DGXQ
FUHWLQLL
GXPLQLFD L

GH V UE WRUL
FD V
VH
URDJH
VH
QXPHWH &DVD OXL 'XPQH]HXVDX
5 VSXQV FRUHFW %LVHULF
c)
&HOH GRX
SU L DOH %LEOLHL VH QXPHVF L
5 VSXQV FRUHFW 9HFKLXO 7HVWDPHQW L 1RXO 7HVWDPHQW
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a II-a
&RQ LQXW &DWHKLVP 1R LXQL GH /LWXUJLF

- V GHILQHDVF QR LXQL UHOLJLRDVH
(QXQ
a)
: &RPSOHWHD]
VOXME D %LVHULFLL OVDW GH 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV OD &LQD FHD

VH QXPHWH
&HD PDL LPSRUWDQW

GH 7DLQ
5 VSXQV FRUHFW 6IkQWD /LWXUJKLH
35
b)
&RQYRUELUHD FRPXQLFDUHD RPXOXL FX 'XPQH]HX VH QXPHWH
5 VSXQV FRUHFW UXJ FLXQH
c)
5HQXQ DUHD
FXU
GH
EXQ
LUHD GH SFDWH
YRLH
OD
DQXPLWH
PkQF UXUL
vQQRLUHD YLH LL L WU LUHD GXS
JkQGXUL
IDSWH
UHOH
SHQWUX
YRLD OXL 'XPQH]HX VH QXPHWH
5 VSXQV FRUHFW SRVW
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a III-a
&RQ LQXW &DWHKLVP 0RUDO
FUHWLQ

- V FXQRDVF WH[WXO ELEOLF
(QXQ
a)
: &RPSOHWHD]
0HUJkQG vQY
D L QHDPXULOH vQ QXPHOH 7DWOXL L DO )LXOXL L DO
Sfntului Duh. (Matei, 28,19)
5 VSXQV FRUHFW ERWH]kQGXOH
b)
/XD L PkQFD L DFHVWD HVWH %H L GLQWUX DFHVWD WR L DFHVWD HVWH

DO /HJLL FHOHL 1RL FDUH SHQWUX PXO L VH YDUV
(Matei, 26, 26-28)
VSUH LHUWDUHD SFDWHOHRU
5 VSXQV FRUHFW 7UXSXO 0HX 6kQJHOH 0HX
c)
$GX L DPLQWH GH ]LXD L R FLQVWHWH SH HD 3RUXQFD D ,9D
5 VSXQV FRUHFW 'RPQXOXL
Exemplul 4
Clasa: a IV-a
&RQ LQXW Vechiul Testament
- V UHFXQRDVF SURIH LL 9HFKLXOXL 7HVWDPHQW
(QXQ
: &RPSOHWHD]
a) Evanghelistul Vechiului Testament este numit profetul.
5 VSXQV FRUHFW ,VDLD
b) Profetul care a proorocit n Babilon a fost .
5 VSXQV FRUHFW 'DQLHO
c)
3URIHWXO FDUH D GRYHGLW FDUH HVWH DGHY
UDWXO
'XPQH]HX FHORU FH VH vQFKLQDX OXL
%DDO VH QXPHWH
5 VSXQV FRUHFW ,OLH
36
Exemplul 5
Clasa: V - VIII
&RQ LQXW Istoria Bisericii Universale
Obiectiv (OHYXO V ILH FDSDELO
- V SODVH]H vQ WLPS L VSD LX HYHQLPHQWH UHOLJLRDVH
(QXQ
: &RPSOHWHD]
a) Clasa a V-a
3HUVHFX LLOH vPSRWULYD FUHWLQLORU vQFHS VXE vPS
UDWXO 1HUR vQ DQXO
5 VSXQV FRUHFW
b) Clasa a VI-a
(GLFWXO GH WROHUDQ
SHQWUX UHOLJLD FUHWLQ D IRVW GDW GH vPSUDWXO &RQVWDQWLQ FHO
Mare la n anul .
5 VSXQV FRUHFW 0LODQ
c) Clasa a VII-a
6FKLVPD GH]ELQDUHD GLQWUH %LVHULFD 5
n anul
VULWXOXL L %LVHULFD $SXVXOXL D DYXW ORF
5 VSXQV FRUHFW
d) Clasa a VIII-a
3URWHVWXO
OXL
/XWKHU
vQ
FDUH
FRQGDPQD
LQGXOJHQ HOH
FULWLFD
SDSDOLWDWHD
DOF WXLQG VXE IRUPD D GH WH]H D IRVW vQ DQXO
5 VSXQV FRUHFW
Exemplul 6
Clasa: a X-a
Capitolul: 2UWRGR[LD L FXOWXUD QD LRQDO
Obiectiv (OHYXO V ILH FDSDELO
- V LQGLFH DQXO DSDUL LHL
limbii romne.
(QXQ
1RXO
: &RPSOHWHD]
7HVWDPHQW
XQRU WLS ULWXUL GH UHIHULQ
SHQWUX GH]YROWDUHD
GH OD %OJUDG HVWH WLSULW

vQ DQXO
vQ
DQXO
LDU
%LEOLD
GH
OD
%XFXUHWL HVWH WLS ULW
5 VSXQV FRUHFW
37
Exemplul 7
Clasa: a XII-a
- V UHFXQRDVF RSHUH GH UHIHULQ D XQRU VFULLWRUL URPkQL SURPRWRUL DL
FUHGLQ HL FUHWLQH
(QXQ
: &RPSOHWHD]
a) Opera Nostalgia paradisului DSDU LQH DXWRUXOXL

b) 2SHUHOH -XUQDOXO IHULFLULL L 'UXLQG YHL GREkQGL DSDU LQ DXWRUXOXL
c) 2SHUD +R XO GH PUJULWDUH SXV vQ VFHQ FD SLHVD GH WHDWUX DSDU LQH DXWRUXOXL
.
5 VSXQV FRUHFW D 1LFKLIRU &UDLQLF
b) Nicolai Steinhardt
c) Valeriu Anania
QWUHEULVWUXFWXUDWH
'HILQL LH
QWUHE ULOH VWUXFWXUDWH VXQW LWHPL FH FRQ LQ PDL PXOWH VDUFLQL GH OXFUX FDUH
SXQ HOHYXO vQ VLWXD LD GH D FRQVWUXL U VSXQVXULOH L GH D DOHJH PRGDOLW
de formulare.
LOH
WUHFHUHD GH OD LWHPLL RELHFWLYL L VHPLRELHFWLYL OD LWHPLL OLEHUL

O vQWUHEDUH VWUXFWXUDW HVWH IRUPDW GLQWUXQ QXPU YDULDELO GH VHFYHQ H
VXEvQWUHEUL GH IRUPD LWHPLORU RELHFWLYL VHPLRELHFWLYL VDX HVHX VFXUW D
FURU VXFFHVLXQH L FRHUHQ GHULY GLQWUXQ HOHPHQW FRPXQ LGHH IDSW
5HDOL]HD]
principiu, lege).
6FKHPD XQXL LWHP GH WLS vQWUHEDUH VWUXFWXUDW

* %HWKHOO GXS
HVWH
*KLG GH HYDOXDUH OD GLVFLSOLQHOH VRFLRXPDQH S
0DWHULDO 6WLPXO WH[W GDWH VWDWLVWLFH GLDJUDP JUDILF LPDJLQL HWF
6XEvQWUHE UL
Date suplimentare
6XEvQWUHE UL
Caracteristici (A. Stoica coord.,2001, p. 111-112):

- SHUPLW WUDQVIRUPDUHD XQXL LWHP GH WLS HVHX vQWUR
-
VDX
vQWUHEULORU SHUPLWH HYDOXDUHD XQHL JDPH ODUJL GH FXQRWLQ H

L L DELOLW L FX DFFHQW FUHVFXW SH QLYHOXULOH FRJQLWLYH VXSHULRDUH
VWUXFWXUDUHD
FDSDFLW
GH LWHPL RELHFWLYL
LL vQ PDUFDUH
VXLW
VHPLRELHFWLYL DYkQG FD SULQFLSDO HIHFW FUHWHUHD ILGHOLW
38
D XQHL GLILFXOW L L D FRPSOH[LW LL GRULWH

FRPXQ FHHD
FH FRQGXFH OD R DERUGDUH SURIXQG D DFHOHL WHPH GLQ SHUVSHFWLYH GLIHULWH
XWLOL]HD] PDWHULDOHVWLPXO DX[LOLDUH KU L JUDILFH GLDJUDPH HWF FHHD FH
GHWHUPLQ FUHWHUHD JUDGXOXL GH DWUDFWLYLWDWH DO DFHVWXL WLS GH LWHPL GDU L
SRVLELOLWDWHD HYDOXULL XQRU FDSDFLW L VSHFLILFH GLILFLO GH HYDOXDW vQ DOW FRQWH[W
VWLPXOHD] DWkW GH]YROWDUHD FDSDFLW LORU FX XQ QLYHO PDL ULGLFDW GH FRPSOH[LWDWH
SHUPLW FRQVWUXLUHD SURJUHVLY
SHUPLW FUHDUHD XQXL QXP U GH VXEvQWUHE UL OHJDWH SULQWUR WHP
FkW L RULJLQDOLWDWHD L FUHDWLYLWDWHD FHOXL HYDOXDW
PDWHULDOHOH
DX[LOLDUH
DYkQG
FDOLWDWHD WHKQLF
proiectat;
-
U VSXQVXO
OD
VXEvQWUHEDUH
GHSLQGH
QHFHVDU
XQHRUL
GH
FHO
VXQW
UHODWLY
RIHULW
OD
GLILFLO
VXEvQWUHE
GH
UL
SUHFHGHQWH QHFHVLWkQG LQGLFD LL FODUH vQ VFKHPD GH PDUFDUH
FRVWXULOH VXQW UHODWLY ULGLFDWH L WLPSXO QHFHVDU SURLHFW
este mai larg.
ULL vQWUHEULORU VWUXFWXUDWH
Reguli de proiectare (A. Stoica, coord. 1996):

- FRPSOH[LWDWHD vQWUHEULORU WUHEXLH V ILH VXFFHVLY PDL VLPSOH OD vQFHSXW L PDL
dificile spre final);
- ILHFDUH VXEvQWUHEDUH WUHEXLH V VROLFLWH XQ UVSXQV SURSULX FDUH QX GHSLQGH GH

VXEvQWUHEDUHD SUHFHGHQW
VXEvQWUHE ULOH
WUHEXLH
H[LVWH
vQ
FRQFRUGDQ
FX
PDWHULDOXO
VDX
VWLPXOXO
utilizat, pentru a fi un suport n rezolvarea sarcinilor;

-
WHVWH]H XQXO VDX PDL PXOWH RELHFWLYH

ILHFDUH VXEvQWUHEDUH WUHEXLH V
ILHFDUHLVXEvQWUHE UL WUHEXLH V L XUPH]H XQ VSD LX VXILFLHQW SHQWUX FRQVHPQDUHD
U VSXQVXOXL
Exemplul 1
Clasa: a V-a
8QLW
L GH FRQ LQXW
3LOGD YDPHXOXL L D IDULVHXOXL VPHUHQLH L PkQGULH

- V LGHQWLILFH FDUDFWHUXO PRUDO DO YDPHXOXL L DO IDULVHXOXL
V DUJXPHQWH]H FDUH UXJFLXQH HVWH SULPLW GH 'XPQH]HX
(QXQ
: &LWL
L FX DWHQ LH WH[WXO GH PDL MRV
'RL RDPHQL VDX VXLW OD WHPSOX FD V
VH URDJH XQXO IDULVHX L FHOODOW YDPH

QX VXQW FD FHLODO L
VDX FD L DFHVW YDPH 3RVWHVF GH GRX RUL SH
)DULVHXO VWkQG DD VH UXJD vQ VLQH 'XPQH]HXOH L PXO XPHVF F

GDX ]HFLXLDO GLQ WRDWH FkWH FkWLJ
RDPHQL U SLWRUL QHGUHS L DGXOWHUL

V SW PkQ
L ULGLFH FWUH FHU FLL EWHD SLHSWXO

FWRVXOXL
=LF YRX F DFHVWD VD FRERUkW PDL vQGUHSWDW OD FDVD VD GHFkW DFHOD )LLQGF RULFLQH VH
vQDO SH VLQH VH YD VPHUL LDU FHO FH VH VPHUHWH SH VLQH VH YD vQ O D
,DU YDPHXO GHSDUWH VWkQG QX YRLD QLFL RFKLL V

]LFkQG 'XPQH]HXOH ILL PLORVWLY PLH S
(Luca, 18, 10-14)
3RUQLQG GH OD DFHVW WH[W U VSXQGH L OD XUP WRDUHOH FHULQ H
1.
'HILQL L QR LXQHD GH SDUDERO VDX SLOG

([SOLFD L WHUPHQLL YDPH L IDULVHX
39
3.
0HQ LRQD L WU V WXULOH GH FDUDFWHU DOH YDPHXOXL L DOH IDULVHXOXL GLQ DFHDVW
SLOG
&RQVWUXL L XQ DUJXPHQW vQ IDYRDUHD DILUPD LHL 2ULFLQH VH vQDO

LDU FHO FH VH VPHUHWH SH VLQH VH YD vQ
O D
SH VLQH VH YD PXUL
5VSXQV FRUHFW:
1.
SULQ FDUH 0kQWXLWRUXO

WXULORU 6DOH vL IFHD SH RDPHQL V vQ HOHDJ
vQY WXUD GHVSUH PSU LD OXL 'XPQH]HX
9DPH RDPHQL SXL GH VWSkQLUHD URPDQ V VWUkQJ ELUXULOH L LPSR]LWHOH FDUH
WUHEXLDX V OH SOWHDVF HYUHLL IXQF LD GH YDPH HUD vQGHSOLQLW GH RDPHQLL GH MRV
SJkQL HYUHLL FH SULPHDX DFHDVW IXQF LH HUDX VFRL GLQ UkQGXULOH FUHGLQFLRLORU
3LOGD HVWH R FRPSDUD LH VDX XQ H[HPSOX GLQ YLD D FRWLGLDQ
,LVXV +ULVWRV vQ SURSRY GXLUHD vQY
2.
HUDX GHVFRQVLGHUD L L XUk L GH HYUHL

)DULVHX VHPQLILFD LD QXPHOXL HVWH GH FHL VHSDUD L FHL DOHL IDULVHLL HUDX R
JUXSDUH UHOLJLRDV
Legea.
3.
D 1RXOXL 7HVWDPHQW SUHRFXSDW GH D FHUFHWD vQY D L LQWHUSUHWD

9DPHXO HUD VPHULW L vL I FHD UXJ FLXQHD FX XPLOLQ
)DULVHXO HUD PkQGUX
vL
WXUL
SFWRL
I FHD UXJ FLXQHD FX WUXILH L FULWLFD SH FHLODO L RDPHQL FKLDU SH YDPHXO GH DO
4.
VXQW

DVFXOWDUH GHFkW FHL FH VH SUHWLQG GUHS L L EXQL GDU FDUH VXQW
VWSkQL L GH PkQGULH L GLVSUH ID GH VHPHQLL ORU
&HD PDL YLH SLOG GH VPHUHQLH D IRVW 0kQWXLWRUXO QVXL FDUH D SULPLW V YLH XLDVF
SULQWUH RDPHQL GH WRW IHOXO L V ILH UVWLJQLW SHQWUX LHUWDUHD SFDWHORU ORU
QDLQWHD OXL 'XPQH]HX RDPHQLL FHL PDL VPHUL L L XPLOL FKLDU GDF
J VHVF PDL PXOW
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a VIII-a
8QLW
L GH FRQ LQXW

9LQGHFDUHD VO E QRJXOXL GLQ &DSHUQDXP V
QH UXJP SHQWUX
aproapele nostru
- V GHILQHDVF R QR LXQH
- V H[SOLFH WH[WXO ELEOLF
- V DUJXPHQWH]H F 'RPQXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV HVWH )LXO OXL 'XPQH]HX
(QXQ
: &LWL
,DX DGXV XQ VOEQRJ

VOEQRJXOXL QGU]QHWH ILXOH
,QWUkQG vQ FRUDELH ,LVXV D WUHFXW L D YHQLW vQ FRUDELD 6D L LDW
] FkQG SH SDW L ,LVXV Y ]kQG FUHGLQ D ORU D ]LV
,HUWDWH VXQW S FDWHOH WDOH 'DU XQLL GLQWUH F UWXUDUL ]LFHDX vQ VLQH $FHVWH KXOHWH L

FDWHOH WDOH VDX D ]LFH 6FRDOWH L XPEO" 'DU
2PXOXL SH SPkQW D LHUWD SFDWHOH D ]LV VOEQRJXOXL
,LVXV WLLQG JkQGXULOH ORU OHD ]LV 3HQWUX FH FXJHWD L UHOH vQ LQLPLOH YRDVWUH" & FL FH
HVWH PDL OHVQH D ]LFH ,HUWDWH VXQW S
WL L F SXWHUH DUH )LXO

PXO LPLOH Y]kQG DFHVWHD VDX
FD V
6FRDO WH LD L SDWXO L PHUJL OD FDVD WD L VFXOkQGXVH
vQVS LPkQWDW L
oamenilor asemenea putere. (Matei, 9, 1-9)
DX VO YLW
VD GXV OD FDVD VD ,DU

SH
'RPQXO FHO
FDUH
1.
'HILQL L QR LXQHD GH PLQXQH
40
2.
3UHFL]D L GRX
PRWLYH SHQWUX FDUH VOEQRJXO HVWH YLQGHFDW
3.
([SOLFD L GH FH vQDLQWH GH YLQGHFDUH vL VSXQH QGU ]QHWH ILXOH ,HUWDWH VXQW
S FDWHOH WDOH.
4.
0RWLYD L SHQWUX FH SRUXQFHWH PDL DSRL 6FRDO WH LD L SDWXO L PHUJL OD FDVD WD
5.
6FULH L XQ DUJXPHQW FH UHLHVH GLQ PLQXQH vQ IDYRDUHD DILUPD LHL 'RPQXO ,LVXV
Hristos este Fiul lui Dumnezeu.
5VSXQV FRUHFW:
1.
2.
'HILQL LD FRUHFW
&UHGLQ D SULHWHQLORU FDUH ODX DGXV SH VO

EQRJ
vQ ID D OXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV FUHGLQ D
VO E QRJXOXL
3.
O vQFXUDMHD]
FD SH XQ ILX FD SH XQXO FH HVWH ]LGLUH D OXL 'XPQH]HX VDX FD SH

'HRDUHFH ERDOD HVWH XUPDUHD SFDWHORU L PDL vQWkL vO GH]OHDJ
unul care a crezXW

de acelea.
4.
simplu om.
5.
$ SRUXQFLW V L LD SDWXO FD V
YDG
FODU PLQXQHD SRSRUXO FDUH vO VRFRWHD SH (O
'RPQXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV OH WLH JkQGXULOH UHOH DOH F UWXUDULORU L vO PXVWU
SHQWUX SX LQ
FUHGLQ D ORU
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a X-a
Capitolul: 'RJPDWLF
8QLW L GH FRQ LQXW: Crearea omului
- V SUHFL]H]H FRUHFW VHQVXO XQRU QR LXQL
- V DUJXPHQWH]H GHRVHELUHD vQWUH FKLS VL DVHPQDUH
- VD DUJXPHQWH]H SHUIHF LXQHD FKLSXOXL LQ VWDUHD SULPRUGLDO
- VD PHQ LRQH]H WH[WH DOH XQRU 6I 3DULQ L FDUH DX H[SOLFDW
DFHVWH
QR LXQL
(QXQ
: &LWL
IDFHP RP GXS FKLSXO L GXS DVHPQDUHD 1RDVWU FD V

SHWLL PULL SVULOH FHUXOXL DQLPDOHOH GRPHVWLFH WRDWH YLHW LOH FH VH
WkUVF SH SPkQW L SH WRW SPkQWXO )DFHUH
L D ]LV 'XPQH]HX 6
VW SkQHDVF
1.
([SOLFD L IRORVLUHD OD SOXUDO D SURQXPHOXL SRVHVLY 1RDVWU
2.
3UHFL]D L FDUH HVWH VHPQLILFD LD QR LXQLL FKLSXO
41
3.
3UHFL]D L FDUH HVWH VHPQLILFD LD QR LXQLL DVHP QDUH
4.
$UJXPHQWD L GHRVHELUHD GLQWUH FKLSXO L DVHP
QDUHD OXL 'XPQH]HX vQ RP
5.
$UJXPHQWD L SHUIHF LXQHD FKLSXOXL OXL 'XPQH]HX vQ RP GLQ VWDUHD SULPRUGLDO
VDX
SDUDGLVLDF
.
6.
0HQ LRQD L XQXO VDX GRX
WH[WH GLQ 6ILQ LL 3ULQ L FDUH H[SOLF DFHVW YHUVHW
5VSXQV FRUHFW:
1.
3OXUDUXO SURQXPHOXL SRVHVLY 1RDVWU
omului.
2.
&KLSXO VH UHIHU
DUDW
SDUWLFLSDUHD 6ILQ LL 7UHLPL OD FUHDUHD
OD QDWXUD VSLULWXDO LQWHOHFWXDO
L PRUDO
D RPXOXL UD LXQH
VHQWLPHQW OLEHUWDWH L vQFOLQD LD VSUH 'XPQH]HX

VH UHIHU OD VFRSXO FWUH FDUH WLQGH RPXO vQ GH]YROWDUHD L
SHUIHF LXQHD OXL PRUDO HVWH VWDUHD GH VILQ HQLH L GUHSWDWH FkWLJDW SULQ SUDFWLFD
YRLQ
3.
$VHP QDUHD
YLUWX LL L FX DMXWRUXO KDULF
4.
SH 6IkQWD 6FULSWXU GXS

FKLSXO 6X GXS FKLSXO OXL
'XPQH]HX OD IFXW )DFHUH IU V DGDXJH L GXS DVHPQDUHD
5D LXQHD RPXOXL HUD OXPLQDW VQWRDV IU UWFLUH vQ VWDUHD SULPRUGLDO IDSW
UH]XOWDW GLQ vQFUHGLQ DUHD vQ VWSkQLUHD OXL D vQWUHJLL QDWXUL )DFHUH
D &XYLQWHOH GXS FKLS LQGLF UD LXQHD L OLEHUWDWHD LDU FXYLQWHOH GXS DVHPQDUH
DUDW DVHPQDUHD FX 'XPQH]HX vQ YLUWXWH DWkW FkW HVWH SRVLELO 6I ,RDQ
'HRVHELUHD GLQWUH FKLS L DVHP
QDUH
VH ED]HD]
FUHD LH WH[WXO VSXQH L D I FXW 'XPQH]HX SH RP GXS
5.
6.
Damaschin.
E
SULQ
6XQWHP GXS
YRLQ D
QRDVWU
FKLS SULQ FUHD LH LDU GXS
OLEHU
FUHD LH

DFWLYLWDWHD QRDVWU 6I *ULJRDULH GH 1\VVD
42
SULPLW
SRVLELOLWDWHD
GH
GHYHQL
SRVLELOLWDWH 'XPQH]HX QHD IFXW SH

FX (O VSUH D QH GUXL UVSODW SHQWUX
DVHPHQHD OXL 'XPQH]HX L GkQGXQH DFHDVW

QRL vQLQH OXFU WRULL DVHP Q ULL QRDVWUH
DVHP QDUH DMXQJHP SULQ QRL vQLQH
DP
&DSLWROXO,WHPLVXELHFWLYLFXUVSXQVGHVFKLV
4.1 Rezolvarea de probleme
4.2 Itemii de tip eseu
HOHYXOXL FUHDWLYLWDWH RULJLQDOLWDWH

L FDSDFLWDWHD GH D GD R QRW SHUVRQDO UVSXQVXOXL 6WUXFWXUD VDUFLQLL
RULHQWHD] SX LQ vQ HODERUDUHD UVSXQVXOXL VROLFLWDW HOHYXOXL 'HFL HOHYXO
GHFLGH VLQJXU FDUH VXQW HOHPHQWHOH SH FDUH OH YD LQFOXGH vQ U VSXQVXO VX
'HILQL LH ,WHPLL VXELHFWLYL FX U VSXQV GHVFKLV VROLFLW
L FDUH QX
Caracteristici (A. Stoica coord. 2001):

- VXQW QHFHVDUL vQ HYDOXDUHD UH]XOWDWHORU
FRPSOH[H DOH vQY
ULL
DELOLW
L
GH WLS
DQDOL] DUJXPHQWDUH VLQWH] RUJDQL]DUH D GHPHUVXOXL VDX D GLVFXUVXOXL

WLPSXOXL OXQJ SHQWUX HODERUDUHD UVSXQVXULORU
FRUHFWDUHD L QRWDUHD QX SUH]LQW XQ JUDG PDUH GH RELHFWLYLWDWH SHQWUX F H[LVW
HVWH SRVLELO D IL LQGXV vQWUXQ WHVW XQ QXP U UHODWLY PLF GH LWHPL VXELHFWLYL
GDWRULW
YDULD LL vQWUH SXQFWDMHOH DFRUGDWH GH GLIHUL L FRUHFWRUL
XQ VLQJXU HVHX QX HVWH VXILFLHQW SHQWUX VXV LQHUHD XQXL DUJXPHQW

VXQW UHODWLY XRU GH SURLHFWDW GDU PDL JUHX GH FRUHFWDW L QRWDW GHFL LQIRUPD LLOH
RE LQXWH QX SRW IL XWLOL]DWH LPHGLDW vQ SURFHVXO HGXFD LRQDO
- VXQW DGHFYD L SHQWUX
HYDOXDUHD DELOLW
LORU GH H[SULPDUH vQ FDUH QX H[LVW OLPLW
GH VSD LX L U VSXQVXO SRDWH IL IRUPXODW vQ PRGXO DOHV GH HOHY
VXQW
XWLOL]D L
FkQG
QH
LQWHUHVHD]
GHPHUVXO
VXELHFWXOXL
vQ
HODERUDUHD
XQXL
U VSXQV QX vQWRWGHDXQD FHO FRUHFW
Reguli de proiectare:
- vQWUHEDUHD IRUPXODW
WUHEXLH V
ILH DGHFYDW
SRSXOD LHL F UHLD VH DGUHVHD]
HVWH SUHIHUDW
XWLOL]DUHD
LWHPLORU FDUH RIHU
RELHFWLYXOXL GH HYDOXDUH YL]DW L
R RULHQWDUH U VSXQVXOXL vQ WHUPHQL
DWHSWD L
L GH FRUHFWDUH L QRWDUH:
0RGDOLW LOH GH FRUHFWDUH L QRWDUH SRW vPEUFD GRX IRUPH SHQWUX vPEXQW LUHD IHHG
0RGDOLW
back-ului:
- analitic
SXQFWDMHOH DFRUGDWH SHQWUX GLIHULWH HOHPHQWH GLVFUHWH DOH U
DWHSWDW
VSXQVXOXL
holistic IRUPXODUHD XQHL MXGHF L JOREDOH DVXSUD UVSXQVXOXL DFRUGDW vQ

conformitate cu anumite criterii de evaluare sau prin simpla ncadrare ntr-o
DQXPLW
FDWHJRULH SULQ FRPSDUDUHD UVSXQVXULORU vQWUH HOH
'LQ FDWHJRULD LWHPLORU VXELHFWLYL FX U
a) Rezolvarea de probleme;
b) Itemii de tip eseu.
VSXQV GHVFKLV IDF SDUWH
43
4.1 Rezolvarea de probleme

'HILQL LH

VDX vQ JUXS
XQ WLS GH VDUFLQ vQ FDGUXO FUHLD HOHYXO VH FRQIUXQW FX R VLWXD LH
QRX QHRELQXLW L R PRGDOLWDWH SULQ FDUH SURIHVRUXO SRDWH FUHD VLWXD LL GH
vQY DUH FH GH]YROW FUHDWLYLWDWHD JkQGLUHD LPDJLQD LD FDSDFLWDWHD GH
WUDQVIHU GH VLQWH] L GH FRQFUHWL]DUH D LQIRUPD LLORU
5H]ROYDUHD GH SUREOHPH VDX VLWXD LL SUREOHP LQGLYLGXDO
UHSUH]LQW

2 DGHY UDW
VLWXD LH SUREOHP

QX DUH VROX LH LPHGLDW I U
D SDUFXUJH XQ QXP U GH
HWDSH GLQWUH FDUH PHQ LRQ P $ 6WRLFD FRRUG 3
identificarea problemei;
DQDOL]D L VHOHFWDUHD GDWHORU UHOHYDQWH

IRUPXODUHD XQRU LSRWH]H FDUH XUPHD]
D IL HYDOXDWH L HYHQWXDO YDOLGDWH
identificarea metodei / procedurii de rezolvare;

crearea unor modele;
SURSXQHUHD XQHL VROX LL
HYDOXDUHD VROX LHL RE LQXWH
IRUPXODUHD
FRQFOX]LHL
LPSOLFkQG
HYHQWXDOH
FRQVLGHUD LL
DVXSUD
DFXUDWH HL
VROX LHL RE LQXWH VDX D SRVLELOHORU VXUVH GH HURUL
Parcurgerea tuturor acestor etape nu este obligatorie pentru toate sarcinile de tip
XQ SRWHQ LDO FH SRDWH IL XWLOL]DW GLIHULW

PHWRG GH HYDOXDUH QX VH IRORVHWH FkQG SUHGP XQ DGHYU UHYHODW L WUHEXLH
UH]ROYDUH GH SUREOHPH GDU UHSUH]LQW

$FHDVW
V
LQ
FRQW GH H[SHULHQ D GH OXFUX D HOHYLORU
Reguli de proiectare (A. Stoica, coord., p. 112, 2001):

- SUREOHPD VDX VLWXD LD SUREOHP WUHEXLH V ILH DGHFYDW YkUVWHL L SUHJWLULL
elevilor;
- GHPHUVXO GLGDFWLF V FRUHOH]H FRQ LQXWXO SUREOHPHL L PRGXULOH GH UH]ROYDUH FX
LL vQ JUXS VDX LQGLYLGXDO

ILH vQ FRQFRUGDQ FX RELHFWLYHOH L FRQ LQXWXULOH vQY ULL
DFWLYLWDWHD V FRQ LQ FD VXSRUW UHVXUVH PDWHULDOH ELEOLRJUDILFH FDUH V VSULMLQH
VROX LRQDUHD VLWXD LHL SUREOHP
HYDOXDUHD DFWLYLW LL V ILH UHOHYDQW SHQWUX HOHYL L V SURGXF LQIRUPD LL XWLOH
RUJDQL]DUHD DFWLYLW
DFWLYLWDWHD V
pentru evaluator;
utilizarea unor metode alternative de rezolvare;
prezentarea n final a demersului didactic abordat pentru rezolvarea problemei.
Avantaje:
- GH]YROW FUHDWLYLWDWHD JkQGLUHD GLYHUJHQW LPDJLQD LD FDSDFLWDWHD GH VLQWH]
- GH]YROW DELOLW LOH GH FRPXQLFDUH L PXQF vQ HFKLS
- FUHHD] LQGHSHQGHQ D vQ JkQGLUH VSLULWXO FULWLF UHIOH[LY
- GH]YROW FDSDFLWDWHD GH DXWRHYDOXDUH
- DMXW HOHYLL V DSUHFLH]H PHWRGD FHD PDL EXQ GH OXFUX
- GH]YROW FDSDFLWDWHD GH UD LRQDUH IOH[LELO L RSHUDQW
Dezavantaje:
- VROLFLW XQ WLPS vQGHOXQJDW GH SURLHFWDUH
- H[LVW R DQXPLW VXELHFWLYLWDWH vQ HYDOXDUH
- QHFHVLW XQ WLPS vQGHOXQJDW vQ DGPLQLVWUDUH L UH]ROYDUH
- QX SRDWH IL XWLOL]DW PHUHX
44
Exemplul 1
Clasa: a XII-a
&RQ LQXW 1RXO 7HVWDPHQW
Obiectivul: Elevul va fi capabil:

- V LQWHUSUHWH]H GDWH IDFWXDOH GLQ
dobndite;
- V FRUHOH]H FXQRWLQ HOH vQVXLWH
Q V SW PkQD 3DWLPLORU GXS

+ULVWRV IDULVHLL
SXWHUHD
DQWHULRU vQ YHGHUHD FRQVWUXLULL XQXL
U VSXQV OD R VLWXD LH SUREOHP

(QXQ
SHUVSHFWLYD FXQRWLQ HORU WHRUHWLFH
ODX vQWUHEDW
DFHDVWD"
'RPQXO
FXYkQWDUHD
&X
FH
,LVXV
LQXW
vQ 7HPSOX GH 'RPQXO ,LVXV
SXWHUH IDFL
+ULVWRV
OH
DFHVWHD"
VSXQGH
FLQH
SULQWUR
LD
GDW
vQWUHEDUH
Botezul lui Ioan de unde a fost? Din cer sau de la oameni?. (Mt. 21, 25)
&HULQ H
SUHFL]D L PRWLYXO vQWUHE ULL IDULVHLORU
PRWLYD L U VSXQVXO OD vQWUHEDUHD 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV
SUHFL]D L PRWLYXO U VSXQVXOXL GDW GH ,LVXV
PRWLYDWL DWLWXGLQHD 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV ID
GH UVSXQVXO IDULVHLORU
Schema de evaluare YD XUPUL XUPWRDUHOH UVSXQVXUL

- cine predica n Templu avea nevoie de aprobarea Sinedriului, iar fariseii voiau
V O SULQG
SH ,LVXV vPSRWULYD /HJLL
ca Fiu al lui Dumnezeu nu avea nevoie de aprobarea Sinedriului pentru a

SUHGLFD
vQ
7HPSOX
YRLD
V L
Dumnezeu;
-
IDULVHLL
U VSXQG
QX
WLP
DXG
SHQWUX
SH
popor;
-
GXS
+ULVWRV
HVWH
)LXO
OXL
DU IL UVSXQV GLQ FHU HL DU IL

UWXULVLW GH ,RDQ L GDF DU IL VSXV GH OD
WRUXO FD SURRURF DD FXP HUD FRQVLGHUDW GH
'RPQXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV QX U VSXQGH FRQVLGHUkQG F

FDUH vQWUHDE
P UWXULVLQG
GDF
UHFXQRVFXW SH ,LVXV FD ILLQG 0HVLD FHO P

RDPHQL DU IL QHJDW SH ,RDQ %RWH]
IDULVHL
QX WUHEXLH V UVSXQG FHORU

FX YLFOHXJ GHL DYHD U VSXQV GDU D VH O XGD SH VLQH QX HVWH
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a IX-a
&RQ LQXW 1R LXQL GH OLWXUJLF
6ILQWHOH
6OXMEH
DOH
%LVHULFLL
H[SUHVLD
FRPXQLXQLL
FUHWLQH
Obiectivul: Elevul va fi capabil:

- V GHRVHEHDVF
PRWLYHOH SHQWUX FDUH RDPHQLL PHUJ VDX QX PHUJ OD
%LVHULF
IRUPXOH]H VROX LL SRVLELOH OD SUREOHPD DEVHQ HL OD %LVHULF

(QXQ $FWLYLWDWHD VH GHVI RDU
vQ SULPD HWDS
vQ WUHL HWDSH
HOHYLL U VSXQG LQGLYLGXDO vQ VFULV OD XUP WRDUHOH GRX
vQWUHE UL
&kQG PHUJ OD %LVHULF GH FH PHUJ"
&kQG QX PHUJ OD %LVHULF GH FH QX PHUJ"
vQ D GRXD HWDS SURIHVRUXO IRUPHD]
JUXSH GH FkWH HOHYL ILHFDUH JUXS
DYkQG XUP WRDUHOH VDUFLQL
a)
JUXSD L U VSXQVXULOH OD FHOH GRX

VH vQFDGUHD]
b)
ILHFDUH
LGHQWLILFD L PRWLYXO GRPLQDQW
45
vQWUHEUL FRQIRUP PRWLYXOXL vQ FDUH
c)
IRUPXOD L
GRX
VROX LL
SRVLELOH
SHQWUX
DVLJXUDUHD
VXSRUWXOXL
PRWLYD LRQDO DGHFYDW L FUHWHUHD IUHFYHQ HL OD %LVHULF
vQ D WUHLD HWDS ILHFDUH JUXS
vL YD GHVHPQD XQ UDSRUWRU FDUH YD SUH]HQWD
PRGXO vQ FDUH VD UHDOL]DW DFWLYLWDWHD GH UH]ROYDUH D VDUFLQLL L VROX LLOH
propuse.
$FWLYLWDWHD VH YD vQFKHLD FX R GLVFX LH IURQWDO
SRVLELOLW
LOH GH DSOLFDUH D ORU
Schema de evaluare YD LQH FRQW GH

- FRUHFWLWXGLQHD JUXSULL UVSXQVXULORU FRQIRUP
fiecare;
- FRUHFWLWXGLQHD LGHQWLILFULL PRWLYXOXL GRPLQDQW
- FDUDFWHUXO DGHFYDW DO VROX LLORU SURSXVH
DVXSUD VROX LLORU SURSXVH L
PRWLYD LHL
vQ
FDUH
VH
vQFDGUHD]
3URIHVRUXO YD DSUHFLD FDOLWDWHD FRPXQLF ULL L FRQOXFU ULL vQ FDGUXO JUXSXOXL
capacitatea raportului de a prezenta obiectiv evenimentele petrecute n timpul
UH]ROY ULL VDUFLQLL vQ JUXS
4.2 Itemii de tip eseu

VSXQV VWUXFWXUDW
$(VHX FX U VSXQV UHVWUkQV

%(VHX FX U
C.Eseu nestructurat(liber)
(VHXO HVWH XQ WLS GH LWHP vQ FDUH HOHYXO HVWH VROLFLWDW V
FRQVWUXLDVF XQ UVSXQV OLEHU
FRQIRUP FHULQ HORU VDX FULWHULLORU IRUPXODWH

3HQWUX HYDOXDUHD DELOLW
LORU
L FRPSHWHQ HORU FRPSOH[H vQ FD]XO UHOLJLHL VDX D XQRU
HVWH LWHPXO GH WLS VXELHFWLYHVHXO

HOHYXOXL FRQVWUXLUHD XQXL UVSXQV OLEHU vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX XQ
R VXUV ELEOLF VDX SDWULVWLF )LGHOLWDWHD SXQFWULL FUHWH FX FkW
GLVFLSOLQH WHRORJLFH IRUPD GH HYDOXDUH LQGLFDW

,WHPXO GH WLS HVHX VROLFLW
VHW GH FHULQ H ILH FX
FHULQ HOH VXQW PDL SUHFLV IRUPXODWH L PDL GLUHFW LOXVWUDWH vQ VFKHPD GH QRWDUH
Obiective de evaluare:
- DELOLWDWHD GH D DFWXDOL]D RUJDQL]D L VWUXFWXUD LGHLOH
- abilitatea de a se exprima (limbaj, stil personal) n scris;
- DELOLWDWHD GH D LQWHUSUHWD LQIRUPD LLOH L GH D DSOLFD GDWHOH
Tipuri de eseuri:
a)
2.
GLPHQVLXQLOH UVSXQVXOXL
HVHXO FX UVSXQV UHVWUkQV PLQLHVHXO vQ FDUH VH SUHFL]HD] GLPHQVLXQHD
UVSXQVXOXL DWHSWDW FXYLQWH SDUDJUDIH UkQGXUL
HVHXO FX UVSXQV H[WLQV vQ FDUH QX VH SUHFL]HD] GLPHQVLXQHD UVSXQVXOXL
GXS
WLSXO UVSXQVXOXL DWHSWDW
GXS
1.
DWHSWDW FL WLPSXO GH OXFUX
b)
1. eseul structurat sau semistructurat n care, prin sugestii, indicii formulate,
U VSXQVXO HOHYXOXL HVWH RUJDQL]DW VWUXFWXUDW RULHQWDW
2. eseul liber
vQ
FDUH
QX
VXQW
FUHLRQDWH
DWHSW
ULOH
FL
PL]DWH
RULJLQDOLWDWHD
FUHDWLYLWDWHD LPDJLQD LD
Avantaje (A. Stoica, 1996):

- HYDOXHD] RULJLQDOLWDWHD
FUHDWLYLWDWHD
FRHUHQ D vQ JkQGLUH
JkQGLUHD
FULWLF

IRU D
DVXSUD FDSDFLW LL HOHYXOXL

OLEHUWDWHD GH JkQGLUH L H[SULPDUH
HVWH IRUPD FHD PDL SRSXODU SULQ WUDGL LH GH HYDOXDUH
SURIHVRUXO RE LQH R LPDJLQH JOREDO

G
46
DUJXPHQW ULL
FUHD]
LPDJLQHD UHDO D LQWHUDF LXQLL GLQWUH FRQ LQXWXULOH vQY ULL L FXQRWLQ HOH
LOH HOHYXOXL
L DELOLW
Dezavantaje:
- GLILFXOWDWHD FRQVWUXLULL XQHL VFKHPH GH QRWDUH FDUH V DVLJXUH ILGHOLWDWHD
- FRUHFWDUHD L QRWDUHD FHU WLPS vQGHOXQJDW L FRPXQLFDUHD QRWHL WUHEXLH vQVR
IL
A.
GH REVHUYD LL FD HOHYXO VL FRUHFWH]H HYHQWXDOHOH JUHHOL
LW
GH R
(VHX FX U VSXQV UHVWUkQV
Exemplul 1
Clasa: a VII-a
- V VLQWHWL]H]H vQY WXUL FUHWLQH
(QXQ : Predica de pe Munte (Mt. cap. 5, 6, 7) a Mntuitorului Iisus Hristos este o
VLQWH]
D vQY WXULL WUDQVPLV RDPHQLORU
$UJXPHQWD L vQ PD[LPXP GH UkQGXUL FDUDFWHUXO GH VLQWH]
6FKHP
DO 3UHGLFLL
GH QRWDUH YD XUPUL
H[SOLFDUHD VXFFLQW JHQHUDO D IHULFLULORU
H[SOLFDUHD LPSRUWDQ HL SRVWXOXL UXJFLXQLL L PLORVWHQLHL
XWLOL]DUHD FRUHFW D OLPEDMXOXL L D OLPLWHL GH VSD LX
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a VII-a
- V DUJXPHQWH]H UHDOLW L LVWRULFH FUHWLQH
(QXQ
6IkQWXO 9DVLOH FHO 0DUH D IRVW RFURWLWRUXO FHORU V UPDQL LDU DFWLYLWDWHD VD HVWH XQ
H[HPSOX SHQWUX QRL L DVW ]L
3UH]LQW vQ FHO PXOW UkQGXUL WUHL DUJXPHQWH FDUH V
lucru.
6FKHPD GH QRWDUH YD XUP UL
GHPRQVWUH]H DFHVW
SUHFL]DUHD QXPHOXL DH] PLQWHORU VRFLDOH 9DVLOLDGH

HQXPHUDUHD L GHVFULHUHD SH VFXUW D DFHVWRU DH]
ncadrarea n actualitate;
PLQWH GH DVLVWHQ VRFLDO
DQDOL]DUHD FRQVHFLQ HORU vQWHPHLHULL ORU

XWLOL]DUHD FRUHFW
D OLPEDMXOXL L D OLPLWHL VSD LXOXL
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a VIII-a
Capitolul: Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Romne
- V DUJXPHQWH]H UHDOLW L LVWRULFH
(QXQ
Q WLPSXO UHJLPXOXL FRPXQLVW %LVHULFD 2UWRGR[
PDUJLQDOL]DW
&DUDFWHUL]D L
vQWUR
SDJLQ
regimului comunist.
VLWXD LD
%LVHULFLL
5RPkQ
2UWRGR[H
D GHYHQLW R LQVWLWX LH
5RPkQH
precizarea unor aspecte ale prigoanei antireligioase;

HYLGHQ LHUHD UROXOXL SDWULDUKLORU -XVWLQLDQ 0DULQD L ,XVWLQ 0RLVHVFX
XWLOL]DUHD FRUHFW
D OLPEDMXOXL
UHVSHFWDUHD OLPLWHL GH VSD LX
47
vQ
SHULRDGD
Exemplul 4
Clasa: a VIII-a
Capitolul: $SRVWRODW L VSLULWXDOLWDWH
- V GHVFULH vQ WHUPHQL UHOLJLRL OLEHUWDWHD
(QXQ : Libertatea este un dar al lui Dumnezeu.
$UJXPHQWD L vQ FHO PXOW ]HFH UkQGXUL F
OLEHUWDWHD HVWH XQ GDU GH OD 'XPQH]HX
GHILQLUHD OLEHUW
LL GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH PRUDOUHOLJLRV
argumentarea cu texte biblice;

XWLOL]DUHD FRUHFW
D OLPEDMXOXL
Exemplul 5
Clasa: a IX-a
Capitolul: 1R LXQL GH FDWHKLVP
- V LGHQWLILFH WHPHLXULOH SUHDFLQVWLWHL 0DLFLL 'RPQXOXL
(QXQ
UWXULVHWH vQ UXJFLXQH F
GHFkW KHUXYLPLL L PDL PULW IU GH DVHPQDUH GHFkW VHUDILPLL
LDU FLQVWLUHD FH L VH DFRUG SRDUW QXPHOH GH VXSUDYHQHUDUH SUHDFLQVWLUH VDX
VXSUDFLQVWLUH VSUH GHRVHELUH GH FHD DFRUGDW VILQ LORU FDUH VH QXPHWH
'HVSUH )HFLRDUD 0DULD 0DLFD 'RPQXOXL %LVHULFD P
H PDL FLQVWLW
venerare.
3UH]HQWD L vQ PD[LPXP R SDJLQ
WHPHLXULOH SUHDFLQVWLWHL 6ILQWHL )HFLRDUH 0DULD
prezentarea textului Protoevangheliei (Fac, 3,15);

SURIH LD OXL ,VDLD GHVSUH QDWHUHD 0kQWXLWRUXOXL GLQ )HFLRDU
FLQVWLUHD
FDUH
VH
DFRUG
vQ
GLIHULWH
vPSUHMXU UL
DUKDQJKHOXO *DYULLO (OLVDEHWD PDPD OXL ,RDQ %RWH]
Iisus Hristos;
-
P UWXULVLUHD GHVSUH VLQH

GH
WRUXO
SHUVRDQH
GLIHULWH
)LXO HL 0kQWXLWRUXO
VHPQLILFD LD QXPHOXL L QXPH GDWH GH %LVHULF

vQFDGUDUHD vQ OLPLWD GH VSD LX
utilizarea limbajului de specialitate.
Exemplul 6
Clasa: a X-a
- V UHDOL]H]H FRQH[LXQLOH GLQWUH DQXPLWH RSHUH LVWRULFH
(QXQ
: 6H
1.
2.
GDX XUP WRDUHOH RSHUH
1RXO 7HVWDPHQW GH OD % OJUDG

%LEOLD GH OD %XFXUHWL
([SOLFD L
vQ
PD[LPXP
UkQGXUL
LPSRUWDQ D
SRSRUXOXL URPkQ L VWDELOL L UHOD LD GLQWUH HOH
SUH]HQWDUHD SUREOHPHL XQLW
LL QD LRQDOH
prezentarea rolului n dezvoltarea limbii literare;

utilizarea limbajului corect;
48
ILHF UHL
RSHUH
SHQWUX
FXOWXUD
Exemplul 7
Clasa: a XI-a
Capitolul: 'RJPDWLF
- V FDUDFWHUL]H]H vQVXVLULOH %LVHULFLL
(QXQ
: Q
VLPEROXO &UHGLQ HL P UWXULVLP SDWUX vQVXLUL DOH %LVHULFLL
&DUDFWHUL]D L vQ GH UkQGXUL DFHVWH vQVXLUL
SUH]HQWDUHD
VXFFLQW
ILHF UHL
(catolicitatea), apostolicitatea;
vQVXLUL
XQLWDWHD
VILQ HQLD
VRERUQLFLWDWHD
VXV LQHUHD DUJXPHQWHORU FX WH[WH ELEOLFH

XWLOL]DUHD FRUHFW
D OLPEDMXOXL
Exemplul 8
Clasa: a XII-a
Capitolul: 6SLULWXDOLWDWH L PLVLXQH
- V GHFULH ORFDVXUL GH FXOW
(QXQ
&UHGLQ D SRSRUXOXL URPkQ VD PDQLIHVWDW vQ IDSWH FDUH SULQWUH DOWHOH D GXV L OD

FRQVWUXLUHD PXOWRU P Q VWLUL

'HVFULH L SH VFXUW vQ PD[LPXP R SDJLQ
PQVWLULOH GLQ MXGH XO 1HDP
3RW IL
DOWH MXGH H VDX UHJLXQL PDL PDUL SRDWH IL MXGH XO QDWDO VDX MXGH XO XQGH HOHYXO D

YL]LWDW PDL PXOWH P Q VWLUL
vQFDGUDUHD ORU vQ HSRFD LVWRULF
DQ FRQVWUXF LH GRPQLWRU VDX FWLWRU
ncadrarea lor n stilul arhitectural;

rolul lor n dezvoltarea culturii romne;
XWLOL]DUHD FRUHFW
D OLPEDMXOXL
B.Eseu structurat
Exemplul 1
Clasa: a IX-a
- V SUH]LQWH GDWRULLOH RPXOXL
V FRUHOH]H LGHLOH WHRUHWLFH FX SUDFWLFD
- V HYLGHQ LH]H SXQFWHOH WDUL L SXQFWHOH
SULQFLSLLORU GH YLD
(QXQ
: 5HDOL]D
vQ FRPXQ
XWLOL]H]H XQ OLPEDM DGHFYDW
L XQ HVHX FX WHPD 2DPHQLL vPSUHXQ
VODEH
GLQ
UHVSHFWDUHD
FOWRUL SULQ YLD
Q DOF WXLUHD HVHXOXL YH L XUP UL
SUH]HQWDUHD
GDWRULLORU
RPXOXL
ID
semeni;
-
GH
'XPQH]HX
ID
GH
VLQH
DFFHQWXDUHD UHVSHFWXOXL UHFLSURF vQWUH SHUVRDQH UDVH QD LRQDOLW

DSDUWHQHQ H UHOLJLRDVH
ID
GH
L VH[H L
HYLGHQ LHUHD FRQVHFLQ HORU vQ UHVSHFWDUHD VDX QX D S FLL L vQ HOHJHULL vQWUH
popoare.
6FKHPD GH QRWDUH YD XUP UL RELHFWLYHOH GH HYDOXDUH L LQGLFD LLOH GLQ SODQXO GDW
49
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a X-a
Capitolul: 0RUDO
- V FRQVWUXLDVF SURSULXO GLVFXUV SH R WHP GDW
(QXQ
3RUQLQG GH OD 3UHGLFD GH SH 0XQWH 0DWHL FDS UHDOL]D L XQ HVHX FDUH

V
HYLGHQ LH]H GHVYkULUHD /HJLL 1RL ID GH /HJHD 9HFKH

prezentarea contextului general al Predicii;
SR]L LD 0kQWXLWRUXOXL ID
explicarea Fericirilor;
GH /HJHD 9HFKH

YkUL PLORVWHQLD UXJFLXQHD L
SUH]HQWDUH SDUDOHOHL GLQWUH /HJHD 9HFKH L /HJHD 1RX

SUH]HQWDUHD VFRSXOXL L D PRGXOXL GH D V
postul;
descrierea drumului spre mntuire.
6FKHPD GH QRWDUH YD XUP UL RELHFWLYHOH GH HYDOXDUH L LQGLFD LLOH GLQ SODQXO GDW
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a XI-a
Capitolul: 'RJPDWLF
- V GHILQHDVF QR LXQL WHRORJLFH
- V DUJXPHQWH]H FX WH[WH ELEOLFH DILUPD LLOH IFXWH
- V VWDELOHDVF R UHOD LH vQWUH GRX QR LXQL
- V XWLOL]H]H XQ OLPEDM WHRORJLF
(QXQ
: 5HDOL]D
L XQ HVHX GHVSUH PkQWXLUHD VXELHFWLY
VWDELOLQG L WLWOXO SRWULYLW
H[SOLFDUHD
QR LXQLL
GH
PkQWXLUH
PkQWXLUH
VXELHFWLY
RELHFWLY
GHVFULHUHD FRQGLWLLORU PkQWXLULL VXELHFWLYH KDU FUHGLQ
argumentarea cu texte biblice;

SUH]HQWDUHD
UDSRUWXOXL
GLQWUH
PkQWXLUHD
PkQWXLUH
L IDSWH EXQH
VXELHFWLY
PkQWXLUHD
RELHFWLY
6FKHPD GH QRWDUH YD XUPUL RELHFWLYHOH GH HYDOXDUH L LQGLFD LLOH GLQ SODQXO GDW
C.Eseu liber / nestructurat
Exemplul 1
Clasa: a XII-a
- V FRUHOH]H LXELUHD OXL 'XPQH]HX FX LXELUHD GH VHPHQL
- V HYLGHQ LH]H VXSHULRULWDWHD /HJLL LXELULL
- V H[HPSOLILFH PRGXO GH PDQLIHVWDUH DO LXELULL OXL 'XPQH]HX
- V FDUDFWHUL]H]H LXELUHD GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH
VXV LQ DILUPD LLOH FX WH[WH ELEOLFH

V XWLOL]H]H DGHFYDW OLPEDMXO WHRORJLF
V
(QXQ
: (ODERUD
L XQ HVHX FX WHPD 'XPQH]HX HVWH LXELUH
6FKHPD GH QRWDUH YD XUP UL RELHFWLYHOH GH HYDOXDUH SURSXVH
50
FUHWLQ
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a XI-a
- V GHVFULH UROXO RPHQLULL vQ RFURWLUHD SODQWHORU DQLPDOHORU DSHORU D
ntregii naturi;
- V HYDOXH]H FRQVHFLQ HOH XQXL GH]HFKLOLEUX HFRORJLF
- V IRUPXOH]H XQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH SHUVRQDO vQ OHJWXU FX DFHDVW

V VXV LQ SXQFWXO GH YHGHUH FX H[HPSOH GLQ YLD D FRWLGLDQ
V YDORULILFH vQ WHUPHQL SHUVRQDOL FXQRWLQ HOH
V FRQVWUXLDVF XQ GLVFXUV FRHUHQW FRQYLQJWRU
XQ HVHX OLEHU vQ FDUH V SUH]HQWD L UROXO FUHWLQLVPXOXL vQ RFURWLUHD
SUREOHP
(QXQ
(ODERUD L
OXPLL FUHDWH GH 'XPQH]HX VWDELOLQG L XQ WLWOX UHSUH]HQWDWLY
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a XII-a
- V GHVFULH SULQFLSDOHOH YDORUL FUHWLQH FUHGLQ D
libertatea, pacea;
- V SUH]LQWH SULQFLSDOHOH SUREOHPH FX FDUH VH
YLROHQ
FRQIUXQW RPHQLUHD
GURJXUL VXLFLG HXWDQDVLH GHJUDGDUHD GHPQLW LL XPDQH
VXJHUH]H VROX LL SHQWUX UH]ROYDUHD ORU

PHQ LRQH]H PRGXO vQ FDUH SXQ vQ SUDFWLF VROX LLOH SURSXVH vQ
FRPXQLWDWHD vQ FDUH WULHVF
- V YDORULILFH vQ WHUPHQL SHUVRQDOL FXQRWLQ HOH
- V SUH]LQWH XQ GLVFXUV FODU FRQYLQJWRU
(ODERUD L XQ HVHX OLEHU vQ FDUH V HYLGHQ LD L UROXO WLQHUHWXOXL vQ SURPRYDUHD
YDORULORU FUHWLQH L vQ DSUDUHD YLH LLVWDELOLQG XQ WLWOX UHSUH]HQWDWLY
-
(QXQ
Q GHMGHD GUHSWDWHD
Exemplul 4
Clasa: a XI-a
- V H[SOLFH QR LXQHD GH DVHPQDUH FX 'XPQH]HX
- V GHVFULH UVSXQVXO RPXOXL OD FKHPDUHD OXL 'XPQH]HX
DVHP QDUH SULQ SUDFWLFDUHD YLUWX LL L FX DMXWRUXO KDULF
WUH
HYLGHQ LH]H PLMORDFHOH GH FRPXQLFDUH FX 'XPQH]HX SULQ %LVHULF

SUHFL]H]H ILQDOLWDWHD HIRUWXOXL GHSXV GH RP SHQWUX D DMXQJH OD
DVHPQDUHD FX 'XPQH]HX VILQ HQLH FRPXQLXQH vQGXPQH]HLUH
- V VXV LQ DILUPD LLOH SULQ H[HPSOH ELEOLFH L SDWULVWLFH
- V XWLOL]H]H XQ OLPEDM WHRORJLF
(ODERUD L XQ HVHX OLEHU vQ FDUH V SUH]HQWD L DVHPQDUHD FX 'XPQH]HX
-
(QXQ
stabilind un titlu potrivit.
51
Exemplul 5
Clasa: a IX-a
- V vQFDGUH]H WH[WXO vQWUH SURIH LLOH PHVLDQLFH GHVSUH YHQLUHD
Mntuitorului;
- V SUH]LQWH HYHQLPHQWHOH FDUH DX SUHJWLW OXPHD SHQWUX YHQLUHD
Mntuitorului;
- V GHPRQVWUH]H F SURIHWLLOH 9HFKLXOXL 7HVWDPHQW VDX vPSOLQLW vQ
1RXO 7HVWDPHQW YDVXO DOHV SHQWUX QDWHUHD 'RPQXOXL )HFLRDUD
0DULD
QDWHUHD )HFLRDUHL
0DULD
FRSLO
ULD
)HFLRDUHL
0DULD
%XQD
9HVWLUH 1DWHUHD 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV
(QXQ
V
V
VXV LQ DILUPD LLOH FX WH[WH ELEOLFH

XWLOL]H]H OLPEDM WHRORJLF
(ODERUD L XQ HVHX OLEHU SRUQLQG GH OD WH[WXO ELEOLF ,DW
)HFLRDUD YD OXD vQ
SkQWHFH L YD QDWH ILX L YRU FKHPD QXPHOH OXL (PDQXHO ,VDLD
52
Capitolul 5 - Metode complementare de evaluare

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
2EVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF
D DFWLYLW LL L D FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HOHYLORU
,QYHVWLJD LD
Proiectul
Referatul
Portofoliul
Autoevaluarea
$O WXUL GH PHWRGHOH WUDGL LRQDOH GH HYDOXDUH SUREHOH RUDOH VFULVH L SUDFWLFH FHO PDL
GHV XWLOL]DWH vQ SURFHVXO GLGDFWLF VXQW L PHWRGH FRPSOHPHQWDUH GH HYDOXDUH VWUDWHJLL
PRGHUQH GH HYDOXDUH FDUH FDXW
V DFFHQWXH]H GLPHQVLXQHD DF LXQLL HYDOXDWLYH
Metodele complementare de evaluare sunt o categorie de metode de evaluare mai
DOHV SHQWUX P VXUDUHD DFHORU RELHFWLYH PDL JUHX FXDQWLILFDELOH SULQ PHWRGHOH FODVLFH GH
HYDOXDUH FX XQ URO IRUPDWLY SURQXQ DW
Principalele metode complementare de evaluare sunt:

- REVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D DFWLYLW LL L D FRPSDUWLPHQWXOXL HOHYLORU
- LQYHVWLJD LD
- proiectul;
- referatul;
- portofoliul;
- autoevaluarea.
Metodele utilizate de profesor sunt: REVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D DFWLYLW LL L
comportamentului elevilor, LQYHVWLJD LD SURLHFWXO UHIHUDWXO L SRUWRIROLXO
3URIHVRUXO YL]HD]
XUPWRDUHOH RELHFWLYH , 1HDFX $ 6WRLFD S

HYDOXDUHD KROLVWLF D SURJUHVXOXL HOHYXOXL
SURPRYHD]
LGHQWLILF
UHXLWHOH L HURULOH HOHYXOXL

WHKQLFLOH GH OXFUX UHVXUVHOH
IXUQL]HD]
PDWHULDOH
UHVXUVHOH
ELEOLRJUDILFH
necesare elevilor;
-
DELOLWDWHD GH DXWRHYDOXDUH
XQ QRX VWDWXW HURULORU HOHYLORU
FRQVROLGHD]
DFRUG
Autoevaluarea HVWH PHWRGD FRPSOHPHQWDU SULQ FDUH

formare. Obiectivele elevului sunt:
- FRQWLHQWL]HD] VFRSXO UHDOL]ULL VDUFLQLL GH OXFUX
- vQ HOHJH FULWHULLOH UHDOL]ULL VDUFLQLL
- JVHWH PHWRGHOH GH UH]ROYDUH D VDUFLQLL
- XWLOL]HD] PLMORDFHOH SXVH OD GLVSR]L LD VD
HOHYXO
FRQWULEXLH
OD
SURSULD
2EVHUYDUHDVLVWHPDWLFDDFWLYLW LLLDFRPSRUWDPHQWXOXLHOHYLORU
(VWH R WHKQLF
GLYHUVH
GH HYDOXDUH FDUH IXUQL]HD]
FRPSOHWH JUHX
WUDGL LRQDOH
2EVHUYD LD FRQVW
GH RE LQXW
DOWIHO
SURIHVRUXOXL R VHULH GH LQIRUPD LL XWLOH

SULQ
LQWHUPHGLXO PHWRGHORU GH
HYDOXDUH
vQ LQYHVWLJDUHD VLVWHPDWLF SH ED]D XQXL SODQ GLQDLQWH HODERUDW L FX
DMXWRUXO XQRU LQVWUXPHQWH DGHFYDWH D DF LXQLORU L LQWHUDF LXQLORU D HYHQLPHQWHORU D

UHOD LLORU L D SURFHVHORU GLQWUXQ FkPS VRFLDO GDW $ 6WRLFD FRRUG S
3HQWUX
DVXSUD DFWLYLW LL HOHYLORU SURIHVRUXO

L $ 6WRLFD FRRUG S
ILVD GH HYDOXDUH FDOLWDWLY
vQUHJLVWUD
LQIRUPD LL
UHOHYDQWH
GLVSR]L LH vQ PRG SUDFWLF WUHL PRGDOLW

scara de clasificare;
lista de control / verificare.
53
DUH
OD
$)LD GH HYDOXDUH HVWH FRPSOHWDW
GH
SURIHVRU
FDUH
vQUHJLVWUHD]
GDWH
IDFWXDOH
despre evenimentele cele mai importante identificate n comportamentul sau n modul
GH DF LXQH DO HOHYLORU V L IDSWH UHPDUFDELOH SUREOHPH FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH HYLGHQ LHUHD

XQRU
DSWLWXGLQL
GHRVHELWH
vQWUXQ
GRPHQLX
VDX
DOWXO
HWF
/D
DFHVWHD
VH
DGDXJ
LQWHUSUHW ULOH SURIHVRUXOXL
0RGHO RULHQWDWLY *KLG GH HYDOXDUH VRFLRXPDQH GXS
1. Date generale despre elev
1 *URQOXQG S
QXPHOH L SUHQXPHOH YkUVWD FOLPDWXO HGXFDWLY vQ
PHGLXO F UXLD vL DSDU LQH
2.
3DUWLFXODULW
L DOH SURFHVHORU LQWHOHFWXDOH JkQGLUH
LPDJLQD LH OLPEDM PHPRULH
DWHQ LH VSLULW GH REVHUYD LH DOWH FDUDFWHULVWLFL
3. $SWLWXGLQL L LQWHUHVH
4. 7UVWXUL GH DIHFWLYLWDWH
5. 7UVWXUL GH WHPSHUDPHQW
6. Atitudini:
a) ID GH VLQH
b) ID GH GLVFLSOLQ REOLJD LLOH FRODUH
c) ID GH FROHJL
7. (YROX LD DSWLWXGLQLORU DWLWXGLQLORU LQWHUHVHORU L QLYHOXOXL GH LQWHJUDUH:
Avantaje:
- FRPSOHWDUHD DFHVWRU ILH QX GHSLQGH GH FDSDFLWDWHD GH FRPXQLFDUH
HOHY L SURIHVRU GHRDUHFH DFHVWD GLQ XUP
vQUHJLVWUHD]
GLQWUH
L LQWHUSUHWHD]
FRPSRUWDPHQWXO L SHUIRUPDQ HOH HOHYXOXL
Dezavantaje
- consum mare de timp;
- RELHFWLYLWDWH VF]XW
B.Scara de clasificare se constituie dintr-un set de caracteristici (comportamente)

Likert SRWULYLW FUHLD
FH WUHEXLH VXSXVH HYDOX ULL vQVR LW GH XQ DQXPLW WLS GH VFDU
HOHYXOXL vL VXQW SUH]HQWDWH XQ QXP U GH HQXQ XUL vQ UDSRUW GH FDUH DFHVWD WUHEXLH V
L
manifeste acordul sau dezacordul, discriminnd ntre 5 trepte: puternic acord, acord,
indecis (neutru), dezacord, puternic dezacord ( A. Stoica, coord., p. 54, 2001).
Exemplu:
1.
3DUWLFLS FX SO FHUH OD DFWLYLW
puternic dezacord
2.
LOH RUJDQL]DWH SH JUXSXUL GH OXFUX
dezacord
neutru
PL SODFH FD S UHULOH SH FDUH OH H[SULP V
puternic dezacord
dezacord
puternic acord
ILH vQWRWGHDXQD UHVSHFWDWH GH FHLODO L
neutru
acord
puternic acord

DLE R FRQVWUXF LH VLPSO OLPEDM IDPLOLDU HOHYXOXL
HQXQ XULOH V ILH FODU SR]LWLYH VDX FODU QHJDWLYH
HQXQ XULOH SR]LWLYH L HQXQ XULOH QHJDWLYH V ILH DSUR[LPDWLY HJDOH vQ OLVWD ILQDO
ILHFDUH DQXQ WUHEXLH V SURGXF LQIRUPD LD QHFHVDU V IDF UHIHULUH FODU OD
DWLWXGLQHD VDX RSLQLD GHVSUH FDUH GRULP V DIOP LQIRUPD LL
6XJHVWLL SHQWUX FRQVWUXLUHD VF ULL /LNHUW
acord
HQXQ XULOH V
54
FRQVWDW SUH]HQ D sau DEVHQ D XQHL FDUDFWHULVWLFL

D HPLWH R MXGHFDW GH YDORDUH ( A. Stoica, coord., p. 54,
C.Lista de control / verificare

FRPSRUWDPHQW HWF I U
2001).
Exemplu:
$WLWXGLQHD ID
GH VDUFLQD GH OXFUX D HOHYXOXL
$ XUPDW LQVWUXF LXQLOH VSHFLILFH DFWLYLW
Da
Nu
LL
A cerut ajutor cnd a avut nevoie.

$ FRODERUDW FX FHLODO L FROHJL
$ vPS U LW PDWHULDOHOH FX FHLODO L
A finalizat activitatea.
$ SXV PDWHULDOHOH OD ORFXO ORU GXS
$FHDVW
XWLOL]DUH
PHWRG VH IRORVHWH vQ JHQHUDO vQ FD]XO HOHYLORU FX SUREOHPH
,QYHVWLJD LD
2IHU
SRVLELOLWDWH HOHYXOXL V DSOLFH vQ PRG FUHDWLY FXQRWLQ HOH vQVXLWH vQ VLWXD LL QRL L
variate pe parcursul unei ore sau a unei succesiuni de ore de curs.

(OHYLL SULPHVF R VDUFLQ
GH OXFUX SUHFLV vQ HOHJ LQVWUXF LXQLOH DFHVWHLD vQDLQWH GH
UH]ROYDUHD SURSULX]LV
3ULQ UHDOL]DUHD XQHL LQYHVWLJD LL SRW IL XUP ULWH FD HOHPHQWH HVHQ LDOH $ 6WRLFD FRRUG
p. 55, 2001):
- vQ HOHJHUHD L FODVLILFDUHD VDUFLQLL GH OXFUX
- LGHQWLILFDUHD SURFHGXULORU SHQWUX RE LQHUHD LQIRUPD LLORU QHFHVDUH
- FROHFWDUHD L RUJDQL]DUHD GDWHORU VDX LQIRUPD LLORU QHFHVDUH
- IRUPXODUHD L WHVWDUHD XQRU LSRVWD]H GH OXFUX
- VFKLPEDUHD SODQXOXL GH OXFUX VDX D PHWRGRORJLHL GH FROHFWDUH D GDWHORU
este necesar;
- FROHFWDUHD DOWRU GDWH GDF HVWH QHFHVDU
- PRWLYDUHD DSWLWXGLQLL SHQWUX DQXPLWH PHWRGH IRORVLWH vQ LQYHVWLJD LH
- SUH]HQWDUHD XQXL VFXUW UDSRUW SULYLQG UH]XOWDWHOH LQYHVWLJD LHL
1.
GDF
'HPHUVXO LQYHVWLJD LHL VH FRQVWLWXLH vQ WUHL HWDSH FDUH WUHEXLH SDUFXUVH $ 6WRLFD
coord., p. 56, 2001):

1. definirea problemei;
2. alegerea metodei / metodologiei adecvate;
3. LGHQWLILFDUHD VROX LLORU
1. Definirea problemei SRDWH IL IFXW
a) GLUHF LRQkQG FODU DFWLYLWDWHD HOHYXOXL
VWUXFWXUkQG
ELQH
GHPHUVXO
SURSXV
YDULDELOHOH VXQW VSHFLILFDWH L RSHUD LRQDOL]DWH
SAU
b) accentund dimensiunea de explorare; variabilele nu sunt specificate, ci numai
GRPHQLXO GH LQYHVWLJD LH
2. Alegerea metodei / metodologiei adecvate SRDWH IL UHDOL]DW

a) GH SURIHVRU FDUH DUDW HOHYLORU FH V IDF VDX IXUQL]HD]
necesare legate de instrumente etc.
SAU
b) GH XQ HOHY FDUH DUH OLEHUWDWHD WRWDO GH D DOHJH PHWRGHOH
GHPHUVXOXL LQL LDW
55
WRDWH LQIRUPD LLOH
FRUHVSXQ]
WRDUH
3.
,GHQWLILFDUHD VROX LLORU
poate presupune formularea:
a)
XQHL VLQJXUH VROX LL DFFHSWDELOH
b)
PDL PXOWRU VROX LL DFFHSWDELOH
SAU
6DUFLQLOH GH OXFUX SRW YDULD GH OD VLPSOX OD FRPSOH[ GXS
FXP XUPHD]
VLPSOD GHVFULHUH D FDUDFWHULVWLFLORU XQRU RELHFWH OXFUXUL GLQ YLD D FRWLGLDQ
VDX
IHQRPHQH REVHUYDWH L FRPXQLFDUHD REVHUYD LLORU SULQ GHVHQ JUDILF WDEHOH
VDX K U L
XWLOL]DUHD XQRU HFKLSDPHQWH VLPSOH SHQWUX D IDFH REVHUYD LL WHVWH

LGHQWLILFDUHD IDFWRULORU LPSOLFD L vQ FRQWH[WXO VXSXV REVHUYD LHL
$FWLYLWDWHD GLGDFWLF
V
LQ
FRQW GH
SRDWH IL RUJDQL]DW individual sau pe grupuri GH OXFUX L WUHEXLH
QDWXUD LQYHVWLJD LHL VFRSXO SH FDUH LO SURSXQH
D OHF LHL VDX FD DFWLYLWDWH vQ VLQH

OXFUH]H vQ FODV
LQWHJUDUHD LQYHVWLJD LHL FD SDUWH FRPSRQHQW

PRGXO vQ FDUH HOHYLL VXQW RELQXL L V
$SUHFLHUHD PRGXOXL GH UHDOL]DUH D LQYHVWLJD LHL HVWH GH RELFHL XQ WLS KROLVWLF &ULWHULLOH

LL (OHPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH vQ HYDOXDUHD LQYHVWLJD LHL
SHQWUX DSUHFLHUHD ILHF UHL HWDSH WUHEXLH SUHFL]DWH L FXQRVFXWH GH HOHYL GH OD vQFHSXWXO
DFWLYLW
strategia de rezolvare;
DSOLFDUHD FXQRWLQ HORU SULQFLSLLORU UHJXOLORU

DFXUDWH HD vQUHJLVWU ULL L SUHOXFU ULL GDWHORU
FODULWDWHD DUJXPHQW ULL L IRUPD SUH]HQW ULL
produsele realizate;
DWLWXGLQHD HOHYLORU vQ ID D FHULQ HORU
dezvoltarea unor deprinderi de lucru n grup / individual.
,QYHVWLJD LD SRDWH HYLGHQ LD XUP WRDUHOH FDOLW
L
SHUVRQDOH DOH HOHYXOXL $ 6WRLFD
coord., p. 58, 2001):

:
- FUHDWLYLWDWHD L LQL LDWLYD
- FRRSHUDUHD L SDUWLFLSDUHD OD OXFUXO vQ HFKLS
- SUHOXDUHD FRQGXFHULL LQL LDWLYHL vQ FDGUXO JUXSXOXL
- FRQVWDQWD L FRQFHQWUDUHD DWHQ LHL
- SHUVHYHUHQ D
- IOH[LELOLWDWHD JkQGLULL L GHVFKLGHUHD FWUH QRL LGHL
5.3 Proiectul
(VWH
PHWRG
FRPSOH[
GHRDUHFH QHFHVLW
GH
HYDOXDUH
UHFRPDQGDW
XQ GHPHUV HYDOXDWLY DPSOX
XQGH SRDWH vQFHSH L UH]ROYDUHD GDU VH FRQWLQX

SHQWUX
HYDOX ULOH
VXPDWLYH
6DUFLQLOH GH OXFUX VXQW GDWH vQ FODV
SH SDUFXUVXO D FkWRUYD ]LOH VDX FKLDU
V SW PkQL (OHYXO SRDWH FRQVXOWD SURIHVRUXO vQ DFHVW LQWHUYDO GDU UDSRUWXO ILQDO HVWH
SUH]HQWDW vQ FODV
vQ ID D FROHJLORU
Etapele proiectului:
- colectarea datelor;
- realizarea produsului.
$FWLYLWDWHD GLGDFWLF
3DLL
FHL
PDL
SRDWH IL RUJDQL]DW LQGLYLGXDO VDX SH JUXSH GH OXFUX

LPSRUWDQ L
FH
WUHEXLH
sunt(A.Stoica,coord.,p.60,2001):
56
XUPD L
vQ
UHDOL]DUHD
XQXL
SURLHFW
stabilirea domeniului de interes;
VWDELOLUHD SUHPLVHORU LQL LDOH FDGUX FRQFHSWXDO PHWRGROJLF GDWHOH JHQHUDOH DOH
LQYHVWLJD LHL DQFKHWHL
LGHQWLILFDUHD L VHOHFWDUHD UHVXUVHORU PDWHULDOH

SUHFL]DUHD HOHPHQWHORU GH FRQ LQXW DOH SURLHFWXOXL
2. (OHPHQWHOH GH FRQ LQXW DOH SURLHFWXOXL

a) pagina de titlu WHPD DXWRUXO FRDOD SHULRDGD HODERUULL
b) cuprinsul WLWOXULOH FDSLWROHORU L VXE FDSLWROHORU
c) introducerea SUH]HQWDUHD FDGUXOXL FRQFHSWXDO L PHWRGRORJLF FUXLD L VH
circumscriu studiul temei propuse)
d) GH]YROWDUHD HOHPHQWHORU GH FRQ LQXW
e) concluziile HOHPHQWH GH UHIHULQ GHVSULQVH vQ XUPD VWXGLXOXL SURSXQHUL
ameliorative)
f) bibliografia
g) anexe JUDILFH WDEHOH FKHVWLRQDUH ILH GH REVHUYD LL
Criterii de evaluare a proiectului:

a) &ULWHULL FDUH YL]HD] FDOLWDWHD SURLHFWXOXL (calitatea produsului):
1. validitatea proiectului;
2. completitudinea proiectului;
3. HODERUDUHD L VWUXFWXUDUHD SURLHFWXOXL
4. calitatea materialului utilizat;
5. creativitatea.
b)
&ULWHULL FDUH YL]HD]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
FDOLWDWHD DFWLYLW LL HOHYXOXL (calitatea procesului):
reportarea la tema proiectului;

performarea sarcinilor;
documentarea;
QLYHOXO GH HODERUDUH L FRPXQLFDUH

JUHHOLOH
creativitatea;
calitatea rezultatelor.
6WUDWHJLD GH HYDOXDUH D SURLHFWXOXL HVWH XQD GH WLS KROLVWLF GDU WUHEXLH V
prin criterii negociate sau nu cu elevii pentru a valoriza efortul elevului.
ILH FODU GHILQLW
5.4 Referatul
D vQY ULL L LGHQWLILFDUHD XQRU HOHPHQWH GH SHUIRUPDQ

D HOHYXOXL FDUH vL DX RULJLQHD vQ PRWLYD LD OXL SHQWUX DFWLYLWDWHD GHVIXUDW
3HUPLWH R DSUHFLHUH QXDQ DW

LQGLYLGXDO
, 1HDFX $ 6WRLFD S

([LVW
1.
GRX WLSXUL GH UHIHUDWH

UHIHUDW
GH
LQYHVWLJD LH
GHPHUVXOXL XQHL DFWLYLW
WLLQ LILF
LQGHSHQGHQW
bazat pe descrierea
L GHVIXUDWH vQ FODV L SH DQDOL]D UH]XOWDWHORU RE LQXWH
2. referat bibliografic ED]DW SH LQIRUPDUH GRFXPHQWDU ELRJUDILF

Caracteristicile referatului:
- FDUDFWHU IRUPDWLY L FUHDWLY
- vQJOREHD] DULL vQWLQVH GH FRQ LQXW
- DERUGHD] GRPHQLL QRL FH FRQVWLWXLH H[WLQGHUL DOH FRQ LQXWXOXL
- UHDOL]HD] FRQH[LXQL LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUH
- caracter sumativ.
57
Sugestii pentru proiectare:

- HODERUDUHD SODQXOXL L LGHQWLILFDUHD ELEOLRJUDILHL
respectarea planului dat de profesor;
- documentarea;
- redactarea referatului;
- prelucrarea datelor;
- prezentarea referatului.
5.5 Portofoliul
(VWH R PHWRG
FRPSOH[
GH HYDOXDUH FH LQFOXGH UH]XOWDWHOH RE LQXWH SULQ FHOHODOWH
D
LL L FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HOHYXOXL SURLHFWH DXWRHYDOXDUH SUHFXP L SULQ VDUFLQLOH
VSHFLILFH ILHFUHL GLVFLSOLQH
3RUWRIROLXO UHSUH]LQW FDUWHD GH YL]LW D HOHYXOXL FDUH XUPUHWH SURJUHVXO HOHYXOXL
PHWRGH L WHKQLFL GH HYDOXDUH SUREH RUDOH VFULVH SUDFWLFH REVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF

DFWLYLW
UHDOL]DW GH OD XQ VHPHVWUX OD DOWXO GH OD XQ DQ FRODU OD DOWXO L FKLDU GH OD XQ FLFOX GH

vQY
PkQW L SHUPLWH IRUPDUHD XQHL LPDJLQL JOREDOH DVXSUD DFWLYLW LL GHVIXUDWH vQWU
un interval de timp.
Reguli pentru proiectarea portofoliului ( A. Stoica, coord., p. 65-66, 2001).:

Scopul
GH D FRQILUPD F
FDSDELOL V
IDF
RELHFWLYHOH vQY ULL UHSUH]LQW FHHD FH WLX HOHYLL VDX VXQW
HVWH VWDELOLW L vQ IXQF LH GH GHVWLQD LH

LQVWLWX LH
FRPXQLWDWH
FXSULQGH
DVSHFWHOH
&D
LQVWUXPHQW
UHOHYDQWH
DOH
sau
GH
GHVWLQDWDUXO V X SHUVRDQ
HYDOXDUH
SURJUHVXOXL
VDX
HOHYXOXL
DXWRHYDOXDUH
LDU
SHQWUX
YD
ULQ L
FRPXQLWDWH LQVWLWX LL YD VHOHFWD FHOH PDL EXQH SURGXVH UHDOL]DWH GH HOHYL
Contextul DUH vQ YHGHUH XUPWRDUHOH DVSHFWH

- vrsta elevilor:
- specificul disciplinei;
- QHYRLOH DELOLW LOH L LQWHUHVHOH HOHYLORU HWF
&RQ LQXWXO
poate fi concretizat n:
VHOHF LL GLQ WHPHOH SHQWUX DFDV
DOH HOHYXOXL
QRWL HOH GLQ FODV
rapoarte de laborator;
OXFU UL GH FHUFHWDUH
FDVHW
DXGLR FX SUH]HQWUL RUDOH DOH HOHYXOXL VLWXD LL GH vQY DUH vQ JUXS HWF
LQYHVWLJD LL
proiecte;
REVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF
autoevaluarea;
D HOHYXOXL
UHIHUDWH HVHXUL DUWLFROH SXEOLFDWH OXFU
,PSRUWDQW vQ FDGUXO SURLHFW ULL HVWH
UL SUH]HQWDWH OD VHVLXQL GH FRPXQLFUL
LL HOHYXOXL WUHEXLH V FRQ LQ SRUWRIROLXO

ILH HOH RUJDQL]DWH
FLQH KRWUWH VHOHF LD ORU R SRVLELOLWDWH SRDWH IL SURIHVRUXO GHVFULH FHULQ HOH GH
FRQ LQXW DOH SRUWRIROLXOXL LDU HOHYXO VHOHFWHD] SUREHOH SH FDUH OH FRQVLGHU
FkWH HDQWLRDQH DOH DFWLYLW
FXP V
reprezentativul).
58
&HULQ HVWDQGDUG SHQWUX FRQ LQXWXO SRUWRIROLXOXL
SRDWH
IL
SURLHFWDUHD
VDUFLQ
OXL
SURIHVRUXOXL
IRUPXOHD]
reprezentative);
-
VWDELOHWH
FHULQ HOH
VFRSXO
VWDQGDUG
FRQWH[WXO
VHOHFWHD]
UHDOL]HD]
SURGXVHOH
SRDWH LPSOLFD L HOHYLL DOHJHUHD LQVWUXPHQWHORU GH HYDOXDUH L D HDQWLRDQHORU
din propria activitate).
5HFRPDQG UL SHQWUX HYDOXDUHD SRUWRIROLXOXL:
ULL OXL
HOHYLORU WLSXO HYDOXULL DQDOLWLF KROLVWLF
VH FRPXQLF UH]XOWDWHOH SULQ LORU L VH DWDHD] vQ SRUWRIROLXO HOHYLORU
VH IDFH SHQWUX ILHFDUH HOHPHQW DO SRUWRIROLXOXL OD PRPHQWXO UHDOL]
VH FRPXQLF
Exemplu:
Un portofoliu la religie ar putea cuprinde:
- OXFUUL VFULVH
- UVSXQVXUL OD FKHVWLRQDUH LQWHUYLXUL
- chestionare / interviuri realizate personal sau n grup;
- exegeze de text;
- ILH ELRJUDILFH L GH OHFWXU
- eseuri;
- UHIHUDWH DUWLFROH FRPXQLFUL
- vQUHJLVWUUL DXGLR YLGHR DOH HOHYLORU
- monografii;
- ILD GH DXWRHYDOXDUH
- FRQWULEX LL OD UHYLVWH FRODUH
- FROHF LL GH YHGHUL LPDJLQL FX PQVWLUL
5.6 Autoevaluare
3HQWUX FD HYDOXDUHD V
DLE
FDUDFWHU IRUPDWLY SURIHVRUXO WUHEXLH V
deprinderea de autoevaluare.
7UHEXLH V L SXQ
QHYRLH
GH
FXOWLYH OD HOHYL
SH HOHYL vQ VLWXD LD GH D VH DXWRDSUHFLD L DXWRFRQWUROD GHRDUHFH DX
FXQRDWH
FkW
PDL
PXOWH
OXFUXUL
GHVSUH
HL
GHVSUH
SHUVRQDOLWDWHD
PDQLIHVW ULOH ORU FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH
&RQGL LL QHFHVDUH SHQWUX IRUPDUHD FDSDFLW
LL
GH DXWRHYDOXDUH OD HOHYL $ 6WRLFD
coord., p. 68, 2001):

- SUH]HQWDUHD RELHFWLYHORU FDGUX GH UHIHULQ RSHUD LRQDOH L GH HYDOXDUH
WUHEXLH V
OH DWLQJ
vQFXUDMDUHD HOHYLORU SHQWUX DL SXQH vQWUHE
SH FDUH
UL FX SULYLUH OD PRGXO GH UH]ROYDUH D

VSXQVXULORU vQ
XQHL VDUFLQL L OD HIHFWXO IRUPDWLY DO DFHVWHLD L FRQVHPQDUHD U

ILD GH DXWRHYDOXDUH
vQFXUDMDUHD HYDOX ULL vQ FDGUXO JUXSXOXL

OD VIkULWXO XQHL DFWLYLW
chestionar:
L V UVSXQG OD vQWUHEUL
59
GH JHQXO FHORU SUH]HQWDWH vQ
Exemplu:
I.
Chestionar
1.
&DUH VXQW HWDSHOH SDUFXUVH vQ YHGHUHD UH]ROY
ULL HIHFWLYH D VDUFLQLL GH OXFUX"
.
2.
3ULQ UH]ROYDUHD DFHVWHL VDUFLQL DP vQY
DW
a)
b)
c)
3.
'LILFXOW
L SH FDUH OHDP vQWkPSLQDW DX IRVW
a)
b)
c)
4.
&UHG F
PLD vPEXQW L SHUIRUPDQ D GDF
a)
b)
5.
&UHG F
DFWLYLWDWHD PHD DU SXWHD IL DSUHFLDW FD ILLQG
Autoevaluarea se poate realiza prin chestionare

clasificare:
II.
Scara de clasificare
Slab
)LD GH HYDOXDUH
3HUIRUPDQ H FRODUH
0RWLYD LH
LQWHUHV
FRQVWDQW
manifestat prin realizarea diferitelor

SURGXVH DOH DFWLYLW
LL
6SLULW GH LQL LDWLY LQGHSHQGHQ
Spirit de cooperare
$VXPDUHD
UHVSRQVDELOLW
realizarea
curente
sarcinilor
3DUWLFLSDUHD
DFWLYLW
SUH]HQWDW PDL VXV L SULQ VF UL GH
OD
GLVFX LL
LORU
vQ
de
lucru
vQ
FDGUXO
LL SH JUXSXUL GH OXFUX
Disciplina de lucru
Progresul realizat
Comportamentul general
60
Mediu
Bun
Foarte bun
Excelent
,QIRUPD LLOH RE LQXWH vQ XUPD DXWRHYDOX ULL
sunt comparate cu ale profesorului;

se pun n portofoliul elevilor;
VH SUH]LQW
SHULRGLF SULQ LORU
Sugestii pentru un chestionar la religie:

1.
(VWH UHOLJLD R GLVFLSOLQ
Da
2.
Nu
$L RSWDW GLQ SURSULH LQL LDWLY

3URSULH LQLWLDWLY
3.
XWLO"0RWLYDWL
&LQH DU WUHEXL V
Preotul
VDX OD VXJHVWLD SULQ LORU"

/D VXJHVWLD S ULQWLORU
SUHGHD UHOLJLD" 3UHRWXO VDX SURIHVRUXO FX VWXGLL WHRORJLFH"
Profesorul
4. &H PRGDOLW L GH SUHGDUH DU WUHEXL DERUGDWH OD RUD GH UHOLJLH"
5. &H DFWLYLW L D L GRUL vQ FDGUXO RUHL VDX VXSOLPHQWDU RUHL GH UHOLJLH"
6. (VWH UHOLJLD R GLVFLSOLQ LPSRUWDQW" 0RWLYD L
7. &H FRQ LQXWXUL D L GRUL V ILH SUH]HQWDWH vQ DIDU GH FHOH SUHY]XWH vQ SURJUDP"
8. Q XUPD RUHORU GH UHOLJLH YD L VFKLPEDW FRPSRUWDPHQWXO" 0RWLYD L
9. Ce domenii te atrag mai mult?
10. &LWHWL FU L FH DX FRQ LQXW UHOLJLRV"([HPSOH
11. Din ce motive? Pasiune, curiozitate?
12. &ROHF LRQH]L DUWLFROH FU L UHYLVWH GH UHOLJLH"
61
Capitolul 6 - Probe de evaluare

2.1 Modele orientatative
0RGHOH GH WHVWH SHQWUX H[DPHQXO QD LRQDO GH %DFDODXUHDW
6.1 Modele orientatative

Exemplul 1
Clasa: I
(YDOXDUH FXUHQW test criterial

Timp de lucru: 20 minute
Capitol: Vechiul Testament
Obiectivul de evaluare: Elevul va fi capabil:
- V UHFXQRDVF UVSXQVXO FRUHFW GLQWUR SURSR]L LH
- V FRPSOHWH]H HQXQ XUL ODFXQDUH
I.
&LWHWH
FX

DWHQ LH
DILUPD LLOH
DGHY UDW vQFHUFXLHWH OLWHUD
litera F.
a)
b)
A
GH
'DF
PDL MRV 'DF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD HVWH

DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD HVWH IDOV vQFHUFXLHWH
'XPQH]HX HVWH I F WRUXO FHUXOXL L DO S PkQWXOXL
*UHHDOD SULPLORU RDPHQL VH QXPHWH S
A/F
FDW SHUVRQDO
A/F
c)
II.
&RSLLL
DX XQ vQJHU S ]LWRU
QFHUFXLHWH OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ]
1.
A/F
WRDUH UVSXQVXOXL FRUHFW
&XP VH QXPHWH ORFXO XQGH DX IRVW DH]D L SULPLL RDPHQL"
a. Babilon;
b. Rai;
c. Ierusalim.
2.
&DUH HVWH QXPHOH SULPXOXL ILX DO OXL $GDP L DO (YHL"
a. Cain;
b. Set;
c. Abel.
3. Cu ce se ocupa Abel, unul dintre cei doi fii ai lui Adam?
a. YkQWRU
b. agricultor;
c. SVWRU
62
III.
&RPSOHWHD]
FRUHFW VSD LXO SXQFWDW
a. Omul drept naintea lui Dumnezeu salvat de la potop se numea .

b. 6HPQXO F 'XPQH]HX QX YD PDL WULPLWH SRWRS SH SPkQW D IRVW
c. 3DVUHD FDUH D YHVWLW F SPkQWXO VD XVFDW vQ XUPD SRWRSXOXL D IRVW
FH SXUWD vQ FLRF R UDPXU
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a II-a
(YDOXDUH FXUHQW
GH
test criterial

Capitol: Noul Testament
- V GLVWLQJ UVSXQVXO FRUHFW GLQWUR SURSR]L LH
- V VWDELOHDVF FRUHVSRQGHQ D vQWUH GDW

GHVFULH SH VFXUW R LPDJLQH
V UE WRDUH FXQRVFXW
I.
&LWHWH
FX
DWHQ LH

DILUPD LLOH
A
GH
'DF
litera F.
a)
,RDQ

%RWH] WRUXO
YHVWLWRUXO

0kQWXLWRUXOXL
,LVXV
+ULVWRV
SRDUW
VL
QXPHOH
GH
QDLQWHPHUJ WRUXO 'RPQXOXL
b)
c)
A/F
3 ULQ LL 6IkQWXOXL ,RDQ %RWH] WRUXO DX IRVW ,RDFKLP L $QD
A/F
1DWHUHD 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV D IRVW YHVWLW
)HFLRDUHL 0DULD GH vQJHUXO *DYULLO

A/F
II.

6WDELOL L FRUHVSRQGHQ D vQWUH QXPHOH L GDWD V UE WRULORU SUH]HQWDWH
1.
2.
3.
4.
III.
6 ianuarie
7 ianuarie
24 iunie
29 august
1.
a. 1DWHUHD 6IkQWXOXL ,RDQ %RWH]WRUXO

b. Botezul Domnului Iisus Hristos
c. 7LHUHD FDSXOXL 6I ,RDQ %RWH]WRUXO
d. Sf. Ierarh Nicolae
e. 6RERUXO 6I ,RDQ %RWH]WRUXO
f. 1DWHUHD 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV
3UHFL]D L FLQH D VSXV FXYLQWHOH $FHVWD HVWH )LXO 0HX &HO LXELW vQWUX &DUH DP
binevoit?
a. Domnul Iisus Hristos
b. Dumnezeu
c. 6I ,RDQ %RWH]WRUXO
d. Zaharia
63
2.
7HUPHQXO IRORVLW GH SRSRU SHQWUX V
a. Rusalii
b. Boboteaza
c. &UFLXQ
d. Florii
3.
QFHUFXLHWH
OLWHUD
UEWRDUHD %RWH]XO 'RPQXOXL HVWH
FRUHVSXQ]
WRDUH
GHILQL LHL
FRUHFWH
WHUPHQXOXL
apostoli?
a. XFHQLFL DL 'RPQXOXL SUHJWL L V GXF PDL GHSDUWH FXYkQWXO vQY WXULL
Lui
b. prieteni ai Domnului Iisus Hristos
c. oameni care l urmau pretudindeni pe Domnul Iisus Hristos
IV.
6FULH WUHL SURSR]L LL GHVSUH LPDJLQHD XUP WRDUH
64
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a III-a

Capitol 1R LXQL GH FDWHKLVP 1R LXQL GH OLWXUJLF
- V GLVWLQJ UVSXQVXO FRUHFW GLQWUR DILUPD LH
- V VWDELOHDVF FRUHFW FRUHVSRQGHQ D vQWUH vQVXLULOH
%LVHULFLL L VHPQLILFD LLOH DFHVWRUD
SUHFL]H]H UVSXQVXO FRUHFW GLQWUH DOWHUQDWLYH GH

V FRPSOHWH]H FRUHFW HQXQ XUL ODFXQDUH
V
SUHFL]H]H
vQWUXQ
WH[W
VFXUW
PRGXO
vQ
FDUH
VUEWRUHWH ]LXD SDWURQXOXL
U VSXQV
I.
&LWHWH
FX

DWHQ LH
DILUPD LLOH
A
litera F.
a)
b)
c)
6IkQWD 7DLQ
GH
'DF

D %RWH]XOXL HVWH R 7DLQ FDUH

6IkQWD PS UW DQLH R SULPLP R VLQJXU
VH UHSHW
A/F
GDW vQ YLD GXS 7DLQD %RWH]XOXL

A/F
0LUXO HVWH XQ XQGHOHPQ VSHFLDO SUHJ
WLW GXS R UkQGXLDO GHRVHELW DPHVWHFDW L
ILHUW FX PXOWH PLURGHQLL L SODQWH IUXPRV PLURVLWRDUH
A/F
II.
6WDELOL L FRUHVSRQGHQ D vQWUH vQVXLULOH %LVHULFLL L VHPQLILFD LD ORU
1. una
2. VIkQW
3. VRERUQLFHDVF
4. DSRVWROHDVF
,,,
1.
SHWUHDF XQ EXQ FUHWLQ R VUEWRDUH

PHDUJ OD ELVHULF
V PHDUJ QXPDL OD MRDF
V QX VH URDJH
3UHFL]D L FXP WUHEXLH V
a.
b.
c.
2.
a. vQY WXUD ELVHULFLL SULPLW GH OD DSRVWROL

b. HVWH XQLYHUVDO
c. vQY WXUD H SHQWUX XQLL RDPHQL
d. Sfnt este ntemeietorul,Mntuitorul Iisus
Hristos
e. 8QXO HVWH QWHPHLHWRUXO L &DSXO HL
Mntuitorul Iisus Hristos
WRDUHOH FXYLQWH
7DWOXL L )LXOXL L 6IkQWXOXL 'XK
Q QXPHOH 7DWOXL L DO )LXOXL L DO 6IkQWXOXL 'XK
2ULFH UXJ FLXQH D FUHWLQXOXL vQFHSH FX XUP
a.
b.
6ODY
65
3.
a.
b.
c.
III.
&RPSOHWHD]
a)
VH URDJH VILQ LORU GHRDUHFH DFHWLD

OXL 'XPQH]HX SHQWUX QRL
DX WULW vQDLQWHD QRDVWU
&UHWLQLL WUHEXLH V
VH URDJ
DX IRVW PDL FUHGLQFLRL FD QRL
VSD LLOH SXQFWDWH FRUHFW
)LHFDUH FUHWLQ WUHEXLH V
VH vPSUWHDVF FHO SX LQ vQ FHOH SDWUX SRVWXUL
din timpul anului:

1. Postul
2. Postul
3. Postul
4. Postul
b)
c)

QDLQWH GH 6IkQWD PS UW DQLH FUHWLQXO WUHEXLH V
IV.

6IkQWD (XKDULVWLH VDX PS UW DQLH VH V YkUHWH vQ WLPSXO
3UHFL]HD]
L V VH
vQ WUHL SURSR]L LL
1. &DUH HVWH QXPHOH VL GDWD SU]QXLULL VIkQWXOXL SDWURQ DO QXPHOXL WX

2. &XP vO VUEWRUHWL
3. &H IDSW LPSRUWDQW FXQRWL GHVSUH HO
Exemplul 4
Clasa: a IV-a
Capitol: Noul Testament
- V VHOHFWH]H UVSXQVXO FRUHFW GLQWUR DILUPD LH
- V VWDELOHDVF FRUHVSRQGHQ D GLQWUH HYHQLPHQWHOH
SHWUHFXWH
evenimentului;
-
SUH]LQWH
propuse;
-
V
V

vQ
6 SW PkQD
U VSXQVXO
3DWLPLORU
FRUHFW
GLQ
]LXD
DOWHUQDWLYHOH
FRPSOHWH]H VSD LL ODFXQDUH FX LQIRUPD LD FRUHFW

HQXPHUH FXYLQWHOH URVWLWH GH 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV
Hristos pe cruce;
-
H[SOLFH XQ WH[W SH ED]D VWUXFWXULL vQWUHEULORU
,&LWHWH FX DWHQ LH DILUPD LLOH GH PDL MRV 'DF

vQFHUFXLHWH OLWHUD
a)
b)
c)
DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD HVWH DGHYUDW
A 'DF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD HVWH IDOV vQFHUFXLHWH OLWHUD F.
'RPQXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV 6D vQ O DW OD FHU GH SH 0XQWHOH 7DERUXOXL
A/F
'RPQXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV D IRVW SULQV GH IDULVHL L F UWXUDUL vQ *U GLQD *KHWVLPDQL
A/F
$SRVWROXO FDUH /D WU GDW SH 'RPQXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV D IRVW 3HWUX
A/F
66
I.
6FULH L
vQ
VSD LXO
SXQFWDW
GLQ
ID D
ILHF UXL
FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH ]LOHL HYHQLPHQWXOXL GLQ FRORDQD
A
1. Intrarea Domnului n Ierusalim
2. Vinderea Domnului Iisus Hristos
3. &LQD FHD GH 7DLQ
4. 5VWLJQLUHD 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV
,,,
HYHQLPHQW
GLQ
FRORDQD
A litera
B:
B
a. -RL GXSDPLD]
b. 'XPLQLF GXS LQWUDUHD vQ
Ierusalim
c. 'XPLQLF FX R VSWPkQ
nainte de nvierea Domnului
d. 0LHUFXUL GLQ SURSULH LQL LDWLY
e. 9LQHUL GXS SURFHV
f. 0DU L GXS SUHGLFD GLQ 7HPSOX
WRDUH
1. Cei care l-au ngropat pe Mntuitorul Iisus Hristos se numesc:

a. 3HWUX L ,DFRY
b. ,RDQ L $QGUHL
c. ,RVLI GLQ $ULPDWHHD L 1LFRGLP
d. 0DUWD L 0DULD
2.
$SRVWROXO FDUH /D WU GDW GH 'RPQXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV VH QXPHD
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
Petru
Iuda Iscarioteanul
Iacov
Toma
WRDUH FXYLQWHORU FRUHFWH FDUH DX IRVW URVWLWH
de cei ce L-au ntmpinat pe Domnul Iisus Hristos n Ierusalim:

a. Osana, Fiul lui David
b. Osana, Fiul lui David, bine este cuvntat Cel ce vine ntru numele
Domnului! Osana ntru cei de sus!
c. Osana ntru cei de sus
,9
&RPSOHWHD]
a)
FRUHFW VSD LLOH SXQFWDWH
'RPQXO
0kQWXLWRUXO
,LVXV
+ULVWRV
LQWUDW
vQ
,HUXVDOLP
FDODUH
SH
XQ
.
b) Mntuitorul Iisus Hristos a fost ntmpinat la intrarea n Ierusalim cu ramuri
de .
c) 0XQWHOH GH SH FDUH 6D vQO DW OD FHU 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV VH QXPHWH
.
V.
Q WLPS FH
VH DIOD SH FUXFH 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV D URVWLW vQ DSWH
UkQGXUL PDL PXOWH FXYLQWH 6FULH L DFHVWH FXYLQWH vQ RUGLQHD URVWLULL ORU
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
VI.
,LVXV 1D]DULQHDQXO UHJHOH LXGHLORU 3RUQLQG GH OD DFHVW WH[W U

D RUGRQDW V ILH VFULVH DFHVWH FXYLQWH"
OD XUP WRDUHOH vQWUHE UL
1. &LQH
.
67
VSXQGH L
2. &H IXQF LH DYHD DFHDVW SHUVRDQ"

.
3. 8QGH DX IRVW DH]DWH DFHVWH FXYLQWH"
.
4. Ce atitudine a avut persoana asupra Mntuitorul Iisus Hristos.
.
Exemplul 5
Clasa: a V-a
Timp de lucru: 45 puncte
- V GLVWLQJ R DILUPD LH DGHYUDW GH XQD IDOV
- V SUHFL]H]H UVSXQVXO FRUHFW GLQ DOWHUQDWLYHOH
propuse;
- V FRPSOHWH]H HQXQ XULOH ODFXQDUH FX LQIRUPD LD

HQXPHUH RUGLQHD LFRDQHORU GH SH FDWDSHWHDVP
V DOFWXLDVF XQ WH[W vQ FDUH V SUH]LQWH LPSRUWDQ D
FRUHFW
L VHPQLILFD LD RELHFWHORU L PDWHULLORU GH FXOW
I.
&LWHWH
FX

DWHQ LH
DILUPD LLOH
GH
A
litera F.
a)
'DF

9 puncte
%LVHULFD HVWH DFHO ORFD VIkQW vQ FDUH VH DGXQ

VH
V YkUHVF
VOXMEHOH
VILQWH
SULQ
FDUH
FUHGLQFLRLL VSUH D VH UXJD L XQGH

DGXFH SUHDP ULUHD FXYHQLW OXL
VH
Dumnezeu.
A/F
b)
WRWDOLWDWHD FUHGLQFLRLORU FDUH FUHG vQ ,LVXV +ULVWRV L PUWXULVHVF

WXUD /XL QHVFKLPEDW L O UHFXQRVF GH FDS DO %LVHULFLL
%LVHULFD UHSUH]LQW
vQY
A/F
c)
&RUWXO
VIkQW
P UWXULHL
7HPSOXO
OXL
6RORPRQ
GLQ
prenchipuirea Bisericii.
,HUXVDOLP
UHSUH]LQW
A/F
II.
1.
0RPHQWXO QHY
2.
0RPHQWXO Y
]XW DO vQWHPHLHULL %LVHULFLL HVWH
WRDUH
a) 6FKLPEDUHD OD )D D 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV

b) Jertfa pe Cruce a Mntuitorului Iisus Hristos;
c) QO DUHD OD FHU D 0kQWXLWRUXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV
]XW DO vQWHPHLHULL %LVHULFLL HVWH
a) Cincizecimea;
b) nvierea Domnului;
c) Intrarea Domnului n Ierusalim.
68
12 puncte
3. Forma n care sunt construite cele mai multe biserici este:

a) triunghi;
b) cruce;
c) SWUDW
,,,
&RPSOHWHD]
1.
2.
FRUHFW VSD LLOH SXQFWDWH
18 puncte
3 U LOH FRPSRQHQWH DOH %LVHULFLL VXQW
a)
b)
c)
QWUH QDRV L DOWDU VH DIO
VDX
3. La unele biserici ntlnim la intrare .

4.
/D ELVHULFLOH ]LGLWH GH WHIDQ FHO 0DUH L 6IkQW DSDUH R DOW
vQFSHUH QXPLW
vQWUH QDRV L SURQDRV
QXPLW FDWDSHWHDVP
DILUPD LH UVSXQGH L OD XUPWRDUHOH vQWUHEUL
28 puncte
,9 QWUH DOWDU L QDRV HVWH XQ SHUHWH GH OHPQ GH ]LG VDX GH SLDWU

3RUQLQG GH OD DFHDVW
&XP VH QXPHVF XLOH GH OD PLMORF"
&XP VH QXPHVF XLOH ODWHUDOH"
.
&XP VXQW GLVSXVH LFRDQHOH SH FDWDSHWHDVP
"
a. Primul rnd:
b. Numele icoanelor mari: a. ..
b. .
c. .
d. .
c. Deasupra icoanelor mari (rndul 2):
d. n centrul icoanelor din rndul 2:
e. n rndul al treilea :
.
f. n centrul rndului al treilea :
.
g . n rndul al patrulea:
.
h. n centrul icoanelor din rndul al patrulea:
.
L 'HDVXSUD LFRDQHORU GH SH FDWDSHWHDVP
...
9 3ULQFLSDOHOH RELHFWH VL PDWHULL IRORVLWH vQ FXOW VXQW 6IkQWD 0DV
'LVFXO 6IHQLFXO L SkLQHD YLQXO XQWGHOHPQXO O
3UH]HQWD L vQ PD[LP R SDJLQ
6H DFRUG
PkLD OXPkQDUHD

LPSRUWDQ D L VHPQLILFD LD DFHVWRUD
SXQFWH GLQ RILFLX
69
3RWLUXO &UXFHD
23 puncte
%DUHP GH FRUHFWDUH L QRWDUH SURED OD FODVD D 9D
I.Total = 9 puncte
a.3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO $
b.3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO $
c.3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO $
II. Total = 12 puncte
1. 4 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO E -HUWID SH &UXFH D 0kQWXLWRUXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV
2. 4 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO D &LQFL]HFLPHD
3. 4 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO E &UXFH
III. Total = 18 puncte
1. Total 9 puncte: a) 3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO SURQDRV
b) 3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO QDRV
c) 3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO DOWDU
6H DFRUG
SXQFWH SHQWUX ILHFDUH UVSXQV FRUHFW LQGLIHUHQW GH
ordinea lui.
2. Total 3 puncte: - 1,5 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO FDWDSHWHDVP
- 1,5 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO LFRQRVWDV VDX WkPSO
3. 3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO SULGYRU
4. 3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO JURSQL
IV. Total = 28 puncte
1. 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO vPSUWHWL

2. 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO GLDFRQHWL
3 .TOTAL 24 puncte: a) 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO HYHQLPHQWH GLQ 9HFKLXO
Testament
b) Total 8 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 2 puncte pentru
U VSXQVXO
Mntuitorul Iisus Hristos;

2. 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO
Maica Domnului;
Hramul Bisericii
Sf. Nicolae sau Sf. Ioan
%RWH] WRUXO VDX DOW VIkQW
important
c)
d)
e)
f)
2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 3UD]QLFHOH vPSUWHWL

2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO &LQD FHD GH 7DLQ
2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 6ILQ LL $SRVWROL
2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV FD PSUDW
L $UKLHUHX
g) 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 3URRURFLL

h) 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 6IkQWD )HFLRDU 0DULD FX SUXQFXO vQ
EUD H
i) 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 6IkQWD &UXFH

V. Total = 23 puncte
1. 20 puncte SHQWUX LQIRUPD LH FkWH 1 punct SHQWUX ILHFDUH VHPQLILFD LH FRUHFW
- cte 1 punct SHQWUX SUHFL]DUHD LPSRUWDQ HL ILHFUXL
element dat;
70
2.
3 puncte SHQWUX RUGRQDUHD L H[SOLFDUHD LGHLORU

2 puncte pentru claritatea structurii textului (introducere-cuprins-concluzii)
1 punct pentru introducerea ideilor prin paragrafe
0 puncte pentru lipsa structurii
1 punct SHQWUX vQFDGUDUHD vQ OLPLWD GH VSD LX LPSXV
0 puncte SHQWUX GHSLUHD OLPLWHL GH VSD LX LPSXV
6H DFRUG
SXQFWH GLQ RILFLX
Acest barem poate fi folosit ca model pentru ntocmirea baremelor la

celelalte probe de evaluare.
Exemplul 6
Clasa: a VI-a
Capitol 1R LXQL GH PRUDO FUHWLQ
- V GLVWLQJ R DILUPD LH DGHYUDW GH XQD IDOV
- V H[SOLFH XQ WH[W FXQRVFXW SH ED]D VWUXFWXUULL
vQWUHE ULORU
H[SOLFH
FXQRVFXW
VHPQLILFD LD
VLPEROXULORU
GLQWUR
3LOGD VDPDULWHDQXOXL PLORVWLY
SLOG
UHDOL]H]H R FRPSR]L LH GHVSUH FRQGL LLOH GH LQWUDUH

LD OXL 'XPQH]HX SRUQLQG GH OD 3LOGD FHORU
vQ PS U
zece fecioare.
I.
&LWHWH
FX
DWHQ LH

DILUPD LLOH
A
GH
'DF
litera F.
a.

QWRDUFHUHD ILXOXL ULVLSLWRU GLQ F
OWRULH UHSUH]LQW vQWRDUFHUHD GH OD SFDW L
SRF LQ D
b.
A/F
6DPDULQHQLL L LXGHLL VH DIODX vQ EXQ
vQ HOHJHUH
A/F
c.
1XQWD SH FDUH R DWHSWDX FHOH ]HFH IHFLRDUH UHSUH]LQW
-XGHFDWD REWHDVF
8QLYHUVDO
d.
A/F
6kQXO OXL $YUDDP UHSUH]LQW
ORFXO XQGH PHUJ FHL SFWRL

A/F
II.
&LWHWH FX DWHQ LH WH[WXO GH PDL MRV
7UHEXLH vQV
V QH YHVHOLP L V QH EXFXUP FFL IUDWHOH WX DFHVWD PRUW HUD L D
vQYLDW SLHUGXW D IRVW L VD DIODW /XFD
1. 3UHFL]D L GLQ FH SLOG IDFH SDUWH WH[WXO DFHVWXL YHUVHW
71
2.
0HQ LRQD L FDUH DU IL PRWLYXO SHQWUX FDUH DU WUHEXL V
VH YHVHOHDVF
bucure.
L V
VH
3. ([SOLFD L H[SUHVLD PRUW HUD L D vQYLDW
4. 3UHFL]D L FDUH DU IL FRQVHFLQ HOH SLHU]DQLHL L DO DIOULL

pierzaniei..
DIO ULL
III.
&LWHWH FX DWHQ LH WH[WXO GH PDL MRV
L D PXULW V UDFXO L D IRVW GXV GH vQJHUL vQ VkQXO OXL $YUDDP $SRL D PXULW L
ERJDWXO L D IRVW vQPRUPkQWDW LDU VXIOHWXO OXL D DMXQV vQ LDG /XFD
1. 3UHFL]D L QXPHOH SLOGHL GLQ FDUH IDFH SDUWH WH[WXO
2. (QXPHUD L PRWLYHOH SHQWUX FDUH VXIOHWXO VUDFXOXL D DMXQV vQ VkQXO OXL $YUDDP
3. (QXPHUD L PRWLYHOH SHQWUX FDUH VXIOHWXO ERJDWXOXL D DMXQV vQ LDG
4. 0HQ LRQD L XQ PRWLY SHQWUX FDUH VUDFXOXL L VH VSXQH QXPHOH L ERJDWXOXL QX
5.
([SOLFD L GDF
VUFLD HVWH R FRQGL LH GH LQWUDUH vQ 5DL L ERJ LD GH LQWUDUH vQ
iad.
6.

PRDUWHD WUXSXOXL
0HQ LRQD L FH DIO P vQ FKLS O PXULW GH OD 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV vQ OHJ

FX VXIOHWXO RPXOXL GXS
WXU
,90HQ LRQD L FDUH HVWH VHPQLILFD LD XUP WRDUHORU VLPEROXUL GLQ 3LOGD VDPDULQHDQXOXL
milostiv.
Drumul de la Ierusalim la Ierihon
Tlharii .
Preotul ..
Levitul ...
72
Samarineanul ..
8QWGHOHPQXO L YLQXO
Hanul
Doi dinari
Hangiul
Plecarea samarineanul
ntoarcerea samarineanului ...
IV.
3RUQLQG GH OD 3LOGD FHORU ]HFH IHFLRDUH SUH]HQWD L FRQGL LLOH QHFHVDUH SHQWUX
LD OXL 'XPQH]HX
LQWUDUHD vQ PS U
Exemplul 7
Clasa: a VII-a

Capitol: Istoria Bisericii Universale
- V UHFXQRDVF GDWH L SHUVRQDMH LVWRULFH
- V SODVH]H vQ WLPS L VSD LX HYHQLPHQWH LVWRULFH
- V PHQ LRQH]H FDX]HOH UHOLJLRDVH L SROLWLFH
Schismei din 1054;
- V SUHFL]H]H FDUH HVWH FRQWULEX LD XQRU VILQ L
DOH
PDL
LPSRUWDQ L OD vQWHPHLHUHD PRQDKLVPXOXL
,6FULH OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ]DWRDUH U
mai jos:
1.
VSXQVXOXL FRUHFW SHQWUX ILHFDUH GLQWUH DILUPD LLOH GH

6FKLVPD GLQWUH %LVHULFD 5 V ULWXOXL L %LVHULFD $SXVXOXL VD SURGXV vQ DQXO
a. 1274
b. 1054
c. 809
d. 1453
2. n scaunul patriarhal de la Constantinopol n faza a II-a a schismei se afla

patriarhul:
a. Igantie
b. Fotie
c. Mihail Cerularie
d. Gherman al II-lea
3.
Q VFDXQXO SDSDO vQ D GRXD ID]
a.
b.
c.
d.
Papa Nicolae I
Papa Ioan VIII
Papa Leon IX
Papa Benedict VIII
D VFKLVPHL HUD
,,6FULH L U VSXQVXULOH FRUHFWH FDUH FRPSOHWHD]
SURSR]L LLOH GH PDL MRV
1. Cardinalul care a aruncat actul de anatematizare pe altarul Bisericii Sfnta

Sofia se numea .
73
2.
QFHUF UL GH XQLUH D %LVHULFLORU DX H[LVWDW vQ DQLL OD

OD L vQWUH DQLL OD
vQ DQXO
3.
&RQVWDQWLQRSROXO D F ]XW VXE VW SkQLUH WXUFHDVF
4.
6XOWDQXO FDUH D FXFHULW &RQVWDQWLQRSROXO VH QXPHWH
,,,(QXPHUD L SDWUX FDX]H UHOLJLRDVH DOH 6FKLVPHL GLQ
,9(QXPHUD L SDWUX FDX]H SROLWLFH DOH 6FKLVPHL GLQ
90HQ LRQD L GRX
FRQVHFLQ H DOH FXFHULULL &RQVWDQWLQRSROXOXL GLQ WLPSXO
6XOWDQXOXL
Mohamed al II-lea, asupra Bisericii Ortodoxe.
9,3UHFL]D L QXPHOH L FRQWLEX LD D WUHL VILQ L LPSRUWDQ L OD vQWHPHLHUHD PRQDKLVPXOXL
1.
2. .
3. .
Exemplul 8
Clasa: a VIII-a

Capitol 1R LXQL GH FDWHKLVP
- V GHILQHDVF QR LXQHD GH PkQWXLUH
- V GHVFULH FRQGL LLOH SHQWUX SOLQLUHD YUHPLL
- V FDUDFWHUL]H]H HWDSHOH L FRQGL LLOH PkQWXLULL
subiective;
- V SUHFL]H]H FLQH YD IDFH -XGHFDWD GH $SRL
- V HQXPHUH VHPQHOH 3DUXVLHL
- V SUHFL]H]H FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH -XGHF LL 8QLYHUVDOH
I.
'HILQL L QR LXQHD GH PkQWXLUH
II.
6ILQ LL
S ULQ L
YUHPLL
DGLF
QH
GDX
DWXQFL
O PXULUL
FkQG
VSHFLDOH
HUDX
UHIHULWRDUH
vPSOLQLWH
FRQGL LLOH
OD
FRQGL LLOH
vQ
OXPH
SHQWUX
SHQWUX
SOLQLUHD
QWUXSDUHD
'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV 'HVFULH L VXFFLQW ILHFDUH FRQGL LH
a. ..
b. ...
c. ..
74
d. ..
e. ..
III.
0kQWXLUHD
XUP WRDUH
VXELHFWLY
KDU
FUHGLQ
VDX

vQGUHSWDUHD
IDSWH
EXQH
SUHVXSXQH
PDL
&DUDFWHUL]D L
PXOWH
VXFFLQW
HWDSH
FRQGL LLOH
HWDSHOH
FRQGL LLOH
vQGUHSW ULL
a. 3ULPD WUHDSW
b. $ GRXD WUHDSW
F$ WUHLD WUHDSW
d.Har
H&UHGLQ
f.Fapte bune
,9&LWL L FX DWHQ LH WH[WXO GH PDL MRV
& FL 7DW O QX MXGHF
SH QLPHQL FL WRDW MXGHFDWD D GDWR )LXOXL ,RDQ

3RUQLQG GH OD DFHVW WH[W U VSXQGH L XUP WRDUHORU FHULQ H
1. 3UHFL]D L FLQH YD IDFH -XGHFDWD GH $SRL
2. 0HQ LRQD L VHPQHOH FHOHL GHD GRXD YHQLUL D 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV 3DUXVLHL
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
3. (QXPHUD L FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH -XGHF LL REWHWL VDX XQLYHUVDOH
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
75
Exemplul 9
Clasa: a IX-a

Capitol /LEHUWDWHD L UHVSRQVDELOLWDWHD vQ OXPLQD FUHGLQ HL
- V GHILQHDVF QR LXQHD GH OLEHUWDWH
- V FDUDFWHUL]H]H QR LXQLOH GH LQGHWHUPLQLVP
determinism;
- V SUHFL]H]H UDSRUWXO GLQWUH GH LQGHWHUPLQLVP
determinism;
- V GHILQHDVF QR LXQHD GH UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH PRUDO
- V SUH]LQWH IHOXULOH UHVSRQVDELOLW LL
- V SUH]LQWH IRUXULOH GH MXGHFDW DOH UHVSRQVDELOLW LL
- V HQXPHUH IHOXULOH VDQF LXQLL
- V DUJXPHQWH]H FX WH[WH ELEOLFH
I.

vPSOLQL YRLD OXL 'XPQH]HX D IRVW vQ]HVWUDW GLQ SDUWHD
&UHDWRUXOXL VX FX FRQWLLQ L OLEHUWDWH FHHD FH vQVHDPQ F HO DUH SXWLQ FD vQ
DFHODL WLPS V FXQRDVF GDU L V vPSOLQHDVF OHJHD PRUDO
3RUQLQG GH OD DFHVW WH[W UVSXQGH L OD XUPWRDUHOH FHULQ H
&LWL L FX DWHQ LH WH[WXO XUP WRU
3HQWUX FD RPXO V
SRDW
1. 'HILQL L QR LXQHD GH OLEHUWDWH
2. 'HVFULH L VXFFLQW QR LXQHD GH LQGHWHUPLQLVP
3. 0HQ LRQD L WUHL SDWUX WHPHLXUL VFULSWXULVWLFH vQ VSULMLQXO OLEHUW LL YRLQ HL
4. 'HVFULH L VXFFLQW QR LXQHD GH GHWHUPLQLVP
5.
3UHFL]D L
FXP
IDYRUL]HD]
LQGHWHUPLQLVPXO
SURJUHVXO
PRUDO
FXP
GHWHUPLQLVPXO vO IUkQHD]
,,'HILQL L QR LXQHD GH UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH PRUDO
,,,&LWL L FX DWHQ LH WH[WXO XUP WRU
ILX MXGHFDW GH YRL VDX GH MXGHFDWD

MXGHF SH PLQH vQVXPL GHL QX P WLX YLQRYDW
FX QLPLF FX DFHDVWD vQV QX PDP vQGUHSWDW 'DU FHO FH P MXGHF SH PLQH HVWH
3HQWUX PLQH HVWH vQV
SUHD SX LQ FD HX V
RPHQHDVF FL QLFL HX VLQJXU QX P
Domnul (I Cor., 4, 3-4)
1. 3UH]HQWD L IHOXULOH UHVSRQVDELOLW LL
76
2.
3UHFL]D L FDUH VXQW IRUXULOH vQ P VXU
V SURQXQ H DVXSUD UHVSRQVDELOLW LL
a. ..
b. ..
c. .

(QXPHUD L
IHOXULOH
VDQF LXQLL
FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH
FHORU
WUHL
IRUXUL
GH
MXGHFDW
faptelor noastre.
a. ..
b. ..
c. ..
Exemplul 10
Clasa: a XI-a

Capitol &RQWLLQ D PRUDO
- V GHILQHDVF QR LXQHD GH FRQWLLQ PRUDO
- V SUHFL]H]H vQ FH FRQVW RULJLQHD L GH]YROWDUHD
FRQWLLQ HL PRUDOH
GH PDQLIHVWUL DOH FRQWLLQ HL GLQ

L OLWHUDWXU
V LGHQWLILFH LGHHD SULQFLSDO GLQWUXQ WH[W
V SUH]LQWH SXQFWHOH GH YHGHUH VXV LQXWH GH DXWRUL
V
GHD
H[HPSOH
6IkQWD 6FULSWXU
dintr-un text;
I.
IRUPXOH]H XQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH SHUVRQDO
&LWL L FX DWHQ LH WH[WXO XUP WRU
& FL
QX
IDF
ELQHOH
SH
V YkUHVF 5RP
FDUHO
YRLHVF
FL
XO
SH
FDUH
QXO
YRLHVF
SH
DFHOD
vO
1. 'HVFULH L QR LXQHD GH FRQWLLQ PRUDO
2. 3UHFL]D L FDUH HVWH RULJLQHD FRQWLLQ HL PRUDOH
3. 3UHFL]D L vQ FH FRQVW GH]YROWDUHD FRQWLLQ HL PRUDOH
4. 'D L H[HPSOH GLQ 6IkQWD 6FULSWXU L GLQ OLWHUDWXU

a) GH REOLJD LH LPSXV GH FRQWLLQ
b) GH VDWLVIDF LH D FRQWLLQ HL
77
c) GH UHPXFUL D FRQWLLQ HL
5. 3UHFL]D L VXFFLQW SXQFWXO GH YHGHUH DO DXWRUXOXL vQ SUREOHPD FRQWLLQ HL PRUDOH
3UHFL]D L SXQFWXO GH YHGHUH SHUVRQDO
II.
6H G
WH[WXO XUPWRU
FRQWLLQ LQVWLQFW GLYLQ QHPXULWRDUH L FHUHDVF YRFH vQGUHSWDU VLJXU

L OLEHU MXGHFWRU LQIDLOLELO DO ELQHOXL
L UXOXL FDUH DVHDPQ SH RP FX 'XPQH]HX IU WLQH HX QX VXQW QLPLF FDUH V
P ULGLFH GHDVXSUD DQLPDOHORU GHFkW WULVWXO SULYLOHJLX GH D P UWFL GLQ HURDUH vQ
HURDUH FX DMXWRUXO XQXL LQWHOHFW IU QRUPH L DO XQHL UD LXQL IU SULQFLSLL
&RQWLLQ
DO ILLQ HL LJQRUDQWH L P UJLQLWH GDU LQWHOLJHQW
(J. J. Rousseau, Emile, cartea a VI-a)
&RPHQWD L WH[WXO SH ED]D XUP WRDUHORU LGHL
desprinderea ideii principale a textului;

D FRQFHS LHL DXWRUXOXL GHVSUH FRQWLLQ
IRUPXODUHD XQXL SXQFW GH YHGHUH SHUVRQDO vQ OHJ WXU FX SUREOHPD SXV vQ
GLVFX LH FDUH V VXV LQ DFWXDOLWDWHD HL
GHWHUPLQDUHD DUJXPHQWHORU FDUH VXV LQ LGHHD SULQFLSDO
SUH]HQWDUHD VXFFLQW
0RGHOHGHWHVWHSHQWUXH[DPHQXOQD LRQDOGH%DFDODXUHDW
3URE
VFULV OD 7HRORJLH 'RJPDWLF

RUH VSWPkQ
Seminariile Liceale Ortodoxe

I.
'HILQL L
XUP WRULL
WHUPHQL
5HYHOD LH
GXPQH]HLDVF
FXQRDWHUH FDWDIDWLF
II.
FXQRDWHUH
DSRIDWLF
15 puncte
30 puncte
&DUDFWHUL]D L vQVXLULOH KDUXOXL GLYLQ
III. 5HDOL]D L R FRPSR]L LH GHVSUH 6ILQWHOH 7DLQH orientkQGXY GXS SODQXO XUPWRU
45 puncte
a) Definirea Sf. Taine;
b) )LLQ D 6I 7DLQH
c) QVXLULOH HVHQ LDOH DOH 6I 7DLQH;
c) Necesitatea Sf. Taine;
d) 1XPUXO 6I 7DLQH
e) 3R]L LD SURWHVWDQW L QHSURWHVWDQW FX SULYLUH OD 6I 7DLQH
127

7RDWH VXELHFWHOH VXQW REOLJDWRULL 6H DFRUG
efectiv de lucru de 3 ore.
78
SXQFWH GLQ RILFLX 7LPS
%DUHP GH FRUHFWDUH L QRWDUH OD 7HRORJLH 'RJPDWLF

RUH V SW PkQ
Total 15 puncte
I. 3HQWUX ILHFDUH GHILQL LH FRUHFW L FRPSOHW VH DFRUG FkWH SXQFWH
Q FD]XO vQ FDUH GHILQL LD HVWH LQFRPSOHW VH DFRUG 3 puncte.
Total 30 de puncte:
II.
- HQXPHUDUHD vQVXLULORU 3 puncte
- necesitatea harului . 8 puncte
- gratuitatea harului 5 puncte
- universalitatea harului 8 puncte
- VXV LQHUHD DILUPD LLORU FX WH[WH ELEOLFH 6 puncte
Total 45 de puncte:
III.
a) GHILQL LD FRUHFW L FRPSOHW 5 puncte
b) ILLQ D 7DLQHORU 5 puncte
c) vQVXLULOH HVHQ LDOH 12 puncte
- instituire . 4 puncte
- SDUWHD Y]XW 2 puncte
- SDUWHD QHY]XW 2 puncte
- VYkULWRUXO 7DLQHL 2 puncte
- primitorul Tainei ... 2 puncte
d) necesitatea Tainelor . 5 puncte
e) QXPUXO 7DLQHORU 5 puncte
f) SR]L LD SURWHVWDQW L QHSURWHVWDQW .. 6 puncte
g) argumentarea cu texte biblice 5 puncte
h) claritatea structurii textului (introducere cuprins concluzii) ... 1 punct
i) utilizarea limbajului teologic .. 1 punct
TOTAL: 100 puncte
3URE
VFULV OD ,VWRULD %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH

RU VSWPkQ
Seminariile Liceale Ortodoxe
I.
3UHFL]D L FDUH HVWH LPSRUWDQ D 6LQRGXOXL GH OD ,DL SHQWUX FUHGLQ D FUHWLQ
20 puncte
II.

6HFXODUL]DUHD DYHULORU P Q VWLUHWL D IRVW R OHJH GH PDUH IRORV
DILUPD LH UVSXQGH L FHULQ HORU

3UHFL]D L DQXO SURPXOJULL DFHVWHL OHJL
0HQ LRQD L GRX XUPUL DOH VHFXODUL]ULL
3RUQLQG GH OD DFHDVW
1.
2.
3.
1XPL L GRPQXO vQ WLPSXO F UXLD D DYXW ORF VHFXODUL]DUHD DYHULORU P
ULL
L %LVHULFLL
III. 'HVFULH L DFWLYLWDWHD FHORU GRL WHRORJL GLQ 6FL LD 0LF

IV. &DUDFWHUL]D L
WUHL
GLQ
FHOH
PDL
LPSRUWDQWH
15 puncte
RSHUH
DOH
PLWURSROLWXOXL
9DUODDP
40 puncte
PHQ LRQkQG OD ILHFDUH GLQWUH HOH
15 puncte
QVWLUHWL
DQXO L ORFXO DSDUL LHL
numele ntreg unde este cazul;
FXUSLQVXO F U LL
LPSRUWDQ D RSHUHL
127

7RDWH VXELHFWHOH VXQW REOLJDWRULL 6H DFRUG
efectiv de lucru de 3 ore.
79
SXQFWH GLQ RILFLX 7LPS
%DUHP GH FRUHFWDUH L QRWDUH OD ,VWRULD %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH

RU
I. Total 20 puncte
GLVFXWDUHD SXQFW FX SXQFW D 0
0RYLO
VSWPkQ
UWXULVLULL
GH FUHGLQ
DOF WXLW
GH PLWURSROXO 3HWUX
4 puncte
4 puncte
WUDGXFHUHD HL vQ OLPED JUHDF GH F WUH LHUDPRQDKXO 0HOLWLH 6LULJXO
DS UDUHD FUHGLQ HL RUWRGR[H GH LQIOXHQ D FDWROLF

/XD L PkQFD L
D WUHLD 0 UWXULVLUH GH FUHGLQ

'RJPDWLF
6I , 'DPDVFKLQXO
3XUJDWRU 3UHIDFHUHD GDUXULORU OD
D %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H GXS
6 puncte
6LPEROXO FUHGLQ HL L
6 puncte
II. Total 15 de puncte:

1. Domnul Alexandru Ioan Cuza . 4 puncte
2. 1863 . 4 puncte
3. UHVWLWXLUHD RELHFWHORU GH DUW L GRFXPHQWHORU PQVWLULORU VWDWXOXL GH FWUH
HJXPHQLL JUHFL
LQWHU]LFHUHD
UDQLORU FOFDL
vPSURSULHW ULUHD
V YkULULL
VOXMEHORU
vQ

JUHFHWH
FX
vQ

H[FHS LD
%LVHULFD
D
LQWHU]LFHUHD W LHULL S GXULORU P Q VWLUHWL vQFDVDUHD YHQLWXULORU P
WUHL
KD
ELVHULFL
QVWLULORU
F WUH VWDW
GH
7 puncte
III. Total 15 de puncte:

- enumerarea teologilor ....... 4 puncte
- Sf. Ioan Casian .... 8 puncte
- vQWHPHLHUHD PQVWLULORU GLQ $SXV GXS PRGHOXO GLQ 5VULW 0DUVLOOLD
. 2 puncte
- RSHUH 'HVSUH DH]PLQWHOH PQVWLUHWL GH REWH 2 puncte
&RQYRUELUL FX SULQ LL 2 puncte
Despre ntruparea domnului ...... 2 puncte
- Dionisii Exiguul. ...... 2 puncte
- SXQH ED]HOH HUHL FUHWLQH QXPUkQG SHQWUX SULPD GDW DQLL GH OD QDWHUHD
OXL +ULVWRV FX R JUHHDO
GH DQL
IV. Total 40 de puncte:

- Enumerarea operelor ..... 3 puncte
- Cazania din 1643 ......... 20 puncte
- QXPHOH &DUWHD URPkQHDVF GH vQY WXU OD GXPHQHFHOH SUHVWH DQ L
OD SUD]QLFLOH vPSUWHWL L OD VYkQ L PDUL VDX &D]DQLD 2 puncte
- ,DL 1 punct
- JUDYXUL UHSUH]HQWkQG VFHQH ELEOLFH FKLSXUL GH VILQ L 1 punct
- LQL LDOH vQIORUDWH IURQWLVSLFL YLQLHWH 2 puncte
- &XYkQW DGUHVDW GH 9DVLOH /XSX FWUH VHPHQ LD URPkQHDVF SXQFWH
- &XYkQW FWUH FHWLWRULX DO PLWURSROLWXOXL SXQFWH
- FDUWHD DUH GRX SU L 3 puncte
I. Cazanii la duminici
II. &D]DQLL OD GLIHULWH VUEWRUL
- L]YRUXO SULQFLSDO DO FU LL FDUWHD GH SUHGLFL D PLWURSROLWXOXL JUHF
Damaschin Studitul Comoara 1 punct
- DUH PHULWXO GH D IL VWUkQV vQWUR OXFUDUH XQLWDU YHFKLOH FD]DQLL SXQFWH
- aport la formarea limbii literare ... 2 puncte
- ODUJ UVSkQGLUH LQFOXVLY 7UDQVLOYDQLD 2 puncte
- DSWH 7DLQH 5 puncte
din care
80
,DL

H[SOLFD VXE IRUP
1 puncte
GH vQWUHEUL L UVSXQVXUL UkQGXLDOD FHORU 6DSWH 7DLQH
.. 2 puncte
-
PHQLW
V DSHUH FUHGLQ D RUWRGR[ vPSRWULYD FDOYLQLORU GLQ 7UDQVLOYDQLD
...... 2 puncte
5VSXQVXO OD &DWHKLVPXO &DOYLQHVF 10 puncte
- ,DL VDX 'HDOX 1 punct
- HVWH XQ UVSXQV OD FDWHKLVPXO FDOYLQHVF FDUH HUD SOLQ GH RWUDY L
PRDUWH VXIOHWHDVF 1 punct
- PLWURSROLWXO 9DUODDQ D IRUPXODW UVSXQVXO vQ XUPD XQXL 6LQRG VDX
LHUDUKL DL ULL 5RPkQHWL L 0ROGRYHL 1 punct
- LPSRUWDQW HVWH SUHID D XQGH DSDUH LGHHD GH XQLWDWH QD LRQDO
..... 2 puncte
- FRPEDWH SULQFLSDOHOH vQY WXUL FDOYLQH H[SXVH GH &DWHKLVPXO GH OD
Alba Iulia .. 1 punct
- GH]YROW vQY WXUD RUWRGR[ GHVSUH 6I 6FULSWXU FUHGLQ IDSWHOH
EXQH %LVHULF 7DLQH 1DWHUHD 6ILQ LORU L LFRDQHORU 2 puncte
- DUDW FXP OXFUDX %LVHULFLOH 2UWRGR[H GLQ DUD 5RPkQHDVF L 0ROGRYD
SHQWUX
PHQ LQHUHD
XQLW
LL
QD LRQDOH
VSLULWXDOH
SRSRUXOXL
URPkQ
..... 2 puncte
claritatea structurii textului (introducere cuprins concluzii) ... 1 punct
utilizarea limbajului teologic . 1 punct
TOTAL: 100 puncte
81
1. *** - %LEOLD
VDX 6IkQWD
%LEOLRJUDILHVHOHFWLY
6FULSWXU (G ,QVWLWXWXOXL %LEOLF
L GH 0LVLXQH DO %LVHULFLL
2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH %XFXUHWL
2. %UDQLWH
(
/LWXUJLFD
WHRUHWLF
, manual pentru seminariile teologice, Ed.
,QVWLWXWXOXL %LEOLF L GH 0LVLXQH DO %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH %XFXUHWL
3. Carey, M. L. - Measuring and Evaluating School Learning Second edition,

University of South Florida, Allyn and Bacon, Boston
4. Cleopa, I. - &OX] vQ FUHGLQ D RUWRGR[ (G 7LPSXO ,DL
5. Doicescu, R. - Ghid de evaluare pentru istorie (G 3UR*QRVLV %XFXUHWL
6. Gronlund, N. - Measurement and Evaluation in Teaching Ed. a IV-a, Macmillan
Publisting Co. Inc., New York, 1981
7. Gronlund, N. - Assessment of student achievement Sisth edition, 1998, University
of Ilinios, Allyn and Bacon, Boston
8. Muha, C. - &DLHW GH UHOLJLH SHQWUX HOHYL FDGUH GLGDFWLFH L SULQ L clasele I, a II-a,
D ,,,D D ,9D (G 6I 0HVLD ,DL
9.
2 HW ) /L RLX 16SLQHDQX'REURW
6 *KLG GH HYDOXDUH SHQWUX WLLQ H VRFLR
umane (G 3UR*QRVLV %XFXUHWL

10. 3FXUDULX 0 Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Romne (G
3. %XFXUHWL
11. Ramureanu, I. - Istoria Bisericii Universale, manual pentru seminariile teologice,.

(G ,QVWLWXWXOXL %LEOLF L GH 0LVLXQH DO %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH %XFXUHWL
12. Stoica, A. - *KLG JHQHUDO GH HYDOXDUH L H[DPLQDUH (G $UDPLV %XFXUHWL
13. Stoica, A. - 5HIRUPD HYDOXULL vQ vQY PkQW (G 6LJPD %XFXUHWL
14. Stoica, A. - (YDOXDUHD
FXUHQW
H[DPHQHOH
ghid pentru profesori, Ed. Pro-
*QRVLV %XFXUHWL
15. HOHX 6

Iulia, 2000
2SUL 0 2SUL ' 0HWRGLFD SUHG ULL UHOLJLHL
, Ed. Rentregirea, Alba
16. Sf. Teofilact - Comentar la Evanghelia de la Ioan, Ed. Pelerinul Romn, Oradea,
1998
17. Sf. Teofilact al Bulgariei - 7DOFXLUHD
3. %XFXUHWL
18. 7RGRUDQ
,
WHRORJLFH
= JUHDQ
(G
,
,QVWLWXWXOXL
6ILQWHORU (YDQJKHOLL GH OD 0DWHL L 0DUFX
7HRORJLH
%LEOLF
GH
GRJPDWLF
0LVLXQH
, Ed.
, manual pentru seminariile
DO
%LVHULFLL
2UWRGR[H
5RPkQH
%XFXUHWL
19. 7RIDQ
6
8QLYHUVLWDU
20. =JUHDQ
Introducere n studiul Noului Testament, Vol. 1, Ed. Presa
&OXMHDQ &OXM1DSRFD

, 0RUDOD FUHWLQ
, manual pentru seminariile teologice, Ed. Institutului
%LEOLF L GH 0LVLXQH DO %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH %XFXUHWL
21. *** - 3DUDEROHOH
L vQY
WXULOH
'RPQXOXL QRVWUX ,LVXV +ULVWRV
, Ed. Saeculum I.O.,
(G 9HVWDOD %XFXUHWL
22. *** - &XUULFXOXP
QD LRQDO 3URJUDPH FRODUH SHQWUX FODVHOH ,9,,, &XOWXO 2UWRGR[
9ROXPXO 9,, 0LQLVWHUXO (GXFD LHL 1D LRQDOH &RQVLOLXO 1D LRQDO SHQWUX &XUULFXOXP (G
&LFHUR %XFXUHWL
23. *** - Curriculum pentru religie, clasa a IX-a, a X-a, a XI-a, a XII-a, Cultul Ortodox,
SURJUDPD DSUREDW
GH 6I 6LQRG L &RQVLOLXO 1D LRQDO SHQWUX &XUULFXOXP

82

Ghid de Evaluare Pentru Religie: Serviciul Na

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Ghid de Evaluare Pentru Religie: Serviciul Na

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SERVICIUL NA,21$/'((9$/8$5(,(;$0,1$5(

GHID DE EVALUARE PENTRU

Prof. gr. I Mihaela PANOSCHI

 5HOD LD HYDOXDUH FXUHQWH[DPHQH..............................................................................................7

Capitolul 2 Itemi obiectivi ................................................................................................234

Capitolul 3 - Itemi semiobiectivi ...........................................................................................34

 QWUHEUL VWUXFWXUDWH ..................................................................................................................38

&DSLWROXO   ,WHPL VXELHFWLYL FX UVSXQV GHVFKLV ..........................................................4338

4.1 Rezolvarea de probleme...........................................................................................................44

Capitolul 5 - Metode complementare de evaluare...............................................................53

Capitolul 6 - Probe de evaluare.............................................................................................62

ULL FDSW R LPSRUWDQ GLQ

FH vQ FH PDL PDUH vQ DFWLYLWDWHD IDFWRULORU GH GHFL]LH D VSHFLDOLWLORU L PDL DOHV D

SH FULWHULL XQLWDUH FXQRVFXWH L DSOLFDWH vQ SUDFWLFD FRODU FXUHQW

SHUVSHFWLY SUH]HQWXO JKLG FRQVWLWXLH XQ LPSRUWDQW SXQFW GH VSULMLQ

IDPLOLDUL]H]H FDGUHOH GLGDFWLFH GH VSHFLDOLWDWH FX SUREOHPHOH VSHFLILFH HYDOXULL

GHVFULH PHWRGH L LQVWUXPHQWH GH HYDOXDUH

P VXUDUHD UH]XOWDWHORU FRODUH SULQ SURFHGHH VSHFLILFH XWLOL]kQG

LQVWUXPHQWH DGHFYDWH VFRSXOXL XUP ULW SUREH VFULVHRUDOHSUDFWLFH

proiecte, portofolii etc.);

aprecierea acestor rezultate pe baza unor criterii unitare (bareme de

GHVSULQVH vQ XUPD LQWHUSUHW ULL UH]XOWDWHORU

RE LQXWH vQ YHGHUHD DGRSW ULL GHFL]LHL HGXFD LRQDOH DGHFYDWH

LORU SULQ FDUH VH FROHFWHD] RUJDQL]HD]

RSHUHD] FX PDL PXOWH FODVLILFUL

&kWHYD GLQWUH FHOH PDL X]XDOH FODVLILF UL VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ FRQWLQXDUH

PRGXO vQ FDUH VH LQWHJUHD]

evaluarea poate fi de trei tipuri:

vQ GHVI XUDUHD SURFHVXOXL GLGDFWLF

PRWLY HIHFWHOH VDOH DPHOLRUDWLYH DVXSUD DFWLYLWLL GH vQYDUH VXQW

I.2. 5HOD LDHYDOXDUHFXUHQWH[DPHQH

'LQ DFHDVW XOWLP SHUVSHFWLY UHOD LD HYDOXULL FXUHQWHFRQWLQXH FX

DWkW HYDOX ULL FRQWLQXH FkW L

UH]XOWDWHOH HYDOX ULL FRQWLQXH DX R DQXPLW

pondere n stabilirea notei finale la examen $FHDVW ]RQ FRPXQ LD vQ FRQVLGHUDUH

PvQW GLQ $QJOLD 

n acest caz, UH]XOWDWHOHHYDOXULL FRQWLQXHVXQW vQ WRWDOLWDWH OXDWH vQ

'LQ DFHDVW SHUVSHFWLY SHQWUX LQWHJUDUHD HYDOXULL FXUHQWH FX H[DPHQHOH

D PRdului de evaluare prin posibilitatea de

 SRVLELOLWDWHD GH D FODULILFD L FRUHFWD LPHGLDW HYHQWXDOHOH HURUL VDX

tipul de evaluare promovat;

resursele materiale alocate;

Probele scrise VXQW SUDFWLFDWH L XQHRUL FKLDU SUHIHUDWH GDWRULW XQRUD

modului n care ele vor fi evaluate (baremele de notare);

FRQGLLLORU FDUH OH VXQW RIHULWH SHQWUX D UHDOL]D DFHVWH DFWLYLWL

Principalele metode complementare de evaluare DO FURU SRWHQLDO

2EVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D DFWLYLW LL L D FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HOHYLORU

LPSRUWDQW GH VXEOLQLDW vQ OHJ WXU

SRW IL XWLOL]DWH DWkW SHQWUX HYDOXDUHD SURFHVXOXL FkW L D SURGXVHORU

FkW L DOH GRPHQLL DIHFWLY L SVLKRPRWRU

z )LD GH HYDOXDUH HVWH FRPSOHWDW GH FWUH SURIHVRU vQ HD

puternic dezacord dezacord

puternic dezacord dezacord

SURLHFWXOXL SUHVXSXQ GLUHF LRQDUHD HIRUWXULORU HOHYLORU vQ GRX

GH LPSRUWDQWH GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH PHWRGRORJLF L SUDFWLF FROHFWDUHD GDWHORU L UHDOL]DUHD

SURGXVXOXL )LHFDUH GLUHF LH FRQ LQH HOHPHQWH FDUH FRQIHU

IXQF LH GH GLVFLSOLQD SH FDUH R YL]HD] 

3ULQWUH FDSDFLWLOH HOHYLORU SRVLELO GH HYDOXDW SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO DFHVWHL

Un loc apartH vQ DFHDVW VIHU vO RFXS DXWRHYDOXDUHD FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU

RSRUWXQLWDWHD FUHDW SURIHVRUXOXL GH D RELQH QRL L LPSRUWDQWH

RIHULUHD XQHL LPDJLQL SHUPDQHQW DFWXDOL]DWH DVXSUD SHUIRUPDQ HORU HOHYLORU

LOH L FDSDFLW LOH SH FDUH DFHWLD OH GH LQ SUHFXP L D

unei imagini ct mai complete asupra profilului general al nivelului de

SERVICIUL NA,21$/'((9$/8$5(,(;$0,1$5(

5HOD LD HYDOXDUH FXUHQWH[DPHQH..............................................................................................7

QWUHEUL VWUXFWXUDWH ..................................................................................................................38

&DSLWROXO ,WHPL VXELHFWLYL FX UVSXQV GHVFKLV ..........................................................4338

FH vQ FH PDL PDUH vQ DFWLYLWDWHD IDFWRULORU GH GHFL]LH D VSHFLDOLWLORU L PDL DOHV D

SH FULWHULL XQLWDUH FXQRVFXWH L DSOLFDWH vQ SUDFWLFD FRODU FXUHQW

SHUVSHFWLY SUH]HQWXO JKLG FRQVWLWXLH XQ LPSRUWDQW SXQFW GH VSULMLQ

P VXUDUHD UH]XOWDWHORU FRODUH SULQ SURFHGHH VSHFLILFH XWLOL]kQG

LQVWUXPHQWH DGHFYDWH VFRSXOXL XUP ULW SUREH VFULVHRUDOHSUDFWLFH

RE LQXWH vQ YHGHUHD DGRSW ULL GHFL]LHL HGXFD LRQDOH DGHFYDWH

LORU SULQ FDUH VH FROHFWHD] RUJDQL]HD]

&kWHYD GLQWUH FHOH PDL X]XDOH FODVLILF UL VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ FRQWLQXDUH

PRWLY HIHFWHOH VDOH DPHOLRUDWLYH DVXSUD DFWLYLWLL GH vQYDUH VXQW

I.2. 5HOD LDHYDOXDUHFXUHQWH[DPHQH

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