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GSM KPI Optimization
GSM KPI Optimization
EDITION1.2EFFECTIVEDATE:01January2011
KPIOptimizationProcess
Appendix3
referstopage15ofNetworkPerformanceMonitoring&OptimizationProcess
Huwaei
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FishbonediagramfortherootcauseanalysishighSDCCHcongestionrate
ALUMSOMPL2014ALUMSOPERATIONALPROCESSMANUAL
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FishbonediagramfortherootcauseanalysisforhighSDCCHdroprate
ALUMSOMPL2014ALUMSOPERATIONALPROCESSMANUAL
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9. After the activity check the subsequent days report and repeat the procedure for pin
pointing the actual cause.
FishBonediagramfortherootcauseanalysisofpoorRandomAccessSuccess
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When From the MS TCH Request is sent to Base Station and if MS successfully
gets the TCH in response TCH Assignment has done successfully.
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A & B in above Flow chart are measurement Points for TCH Assignment Failures...
5. As per the Above Process If you have already used Re-Assignment, Directed Retry
and Queuing features and still you are having issue with TCH Congestion (No Idle
TCH)... Try to Decrease Half Rate Triggering Thresholds...
6. Ex. Below Parameters for Huawei System
TCH Busy Traffic Threshold (%)
AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed
AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold
7. Check for discrepancies with Parameter Configuration and set as per Standard Parameters
set available.
8. If you find Issue is not with High Traffic and Congestion... Check Hardware Issue (Ex.
BTS/BSC/MSC hardware / UL-DL Imbalance due to VSWR) resolve if you find any.
9. Transmission Issues at A-bis/A-ter/A links
10. If Hardware is Ok check for Bad RF Environment... (Very low Coverage, High
Interference, Bad Quality, Call from Distant Place (TA).
11. Follow below Process for Above Points... You can check the counters Report for Pin
pointing the actual cause. (Ex. Assignment Per Cell Report from M2000)
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12. Correct the affected area (Ex. If call is getting originated from High TA and getting failed
due improper strength ; Optimize the Site Coverage with Physical Optimization) and
check the subsequent days Report; If you still find the issue follow the same flow right
from the starting with due care to PIN Point the Actual cause..
13. TBF Success Rate
14. Average GPRS RLC throughput & Average EDGE RLC Throughput
15. Downlink Multislot Assignment Success Rate
16. SDCCH Assignment Success Rate
17. SDCCH DROP Rate
18. ACH (Random Access Channel) Success Rate
19. Assignment Success Rate
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Interference ---:
Co-channel
Adjacent channel
External
Multipath
Noise
Mean Opinion Score (MOS) : ITU standard for estimating speech quality
ALUMSOMPL2014ALUMSOPERATIONALPROCESSMANUAL
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1) Physical optimization
2) New cell dependency
3) Overshooting
4) Neighbor list tuning
5) BCCH tuning (Freq plan)
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From M22000 extract Rx Quality measuremennt distributioon Counters to know Trxx cell wise Rx
Quality.
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Handover Process:
The GSM handover process uses a mobile assisted technique for accurate and fast
handovers, in order to:
- Maintain the user connection link quality.
- Manage traffic distribution
The overall handover process is implemented in the MS,BSS & MSC.
Measurement of radio subsystem downlink performance and signal strengths received
from surrounding cells, is made in the MS.
These measurements are sent to the BSS for assessment.
The BSS measures the uplink performance for the MS being served and also assesses
the signal strength of interference on its idle traffic channels.
Initial assessment of the measurements in conjunction with defined thresholds and
handover strategy may be performed in the BSS. Assessment requiring measurement
results from other BSS or other information resident in the MSC, may be perform. in
the MSC.
The MS assists the handover decision process by performing certain measurements.
When the MS is engaged in a speech conversation, a portion of the TDMA frame is idle
while the rest of the frame is used for uplink (BTS receive) and downlink (BTS transmit)
timeslots.
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During the idle time period of the frame, the MS changes radio channel frequency and
monitors and measures the signal level of the six best neighbor cells.
Measurements which feed the handover decision algorithm are made at both ends of the
radio link.
Classification By Reason:
Emergency HO
Timing advance (TA) Emergency HO
Bad quality (BQ) Emergency HO
Rx Level Drop Emergency HO
Interference emergency HO
load HO
Normal HO
Edge HO
Layer HO
Power budget (PBGT) HO
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Fishbonediagramfortherootcauseanalysisforhighhandoverfailurerate
TCH drop (or a dropped call) could be broadly classified into 3 sub classes:
1. Degradation of the links (Uplink and Downlink): either degradation of Signal Strength
which falls near or lower than the sensitivity of the base station (around to -110 dBm) or
that of the mobile (around -104dBm) or degradation of quality of the links (Uplink and
Downlink) often due to interference.
2. Excess TA (TA>63 or excess path imbalance due to high TA).
3. Other Reasons.
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2
C hannel R equest
C hannel R equest
Im m A s s i g n m e n t
Im m A s s i g n m e n t
S e rvic e R e q u e s t
S e rvic e R e q u e s t
S ig n a llin g
:
S ig n a llin g
S D C C H S ig n a llin g
:
S peech
TCH
R LT = 0 ; D R O P S
TCH DROP !
R LT = 0 ; D R O P S
SDCCH DROP !
S D C C H / TC H
H a n d o ve r C o m m a n d
H and A ccess
H a n d o ve r F a ilu re
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8.3.1 Fish bone diagram for the root cause analysis for high TCH Drop Rate
E x te r n a l In te r fe r e n c e
L o w S ig n a l S tr e n g th D L
L o w S ig n a l S tr e n g th U L
T C H D ro p R a te
H ig h T A /R F S p illa g e /P a th Im b a le n c e
B a d Q u a lity D L
B a d Q u a lity U L
Figure 1: Fish bone diagram for the root cause analysis for high TCH Drop Rate
C LS
HCS
TC H D rop R ate
H andover Failures
P ow er C ontrol
Figure 2: Fish bone diagram for the root cause analysis for high TCH Drop Rate
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1. Identify the Failure reasons count for each internal failure reason.
2. Check detailed explanation of cause values those contributing the major factor.
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1 . In c o rre c t C e ll P a ra m e te rs
P o o r P a g in g S u c c R a te
5 . P o o r P a g in g S tra te g y
4. Poor R F
2 . E x c e s s p a g in g D is c a rd s
6. SDCCH Congestion
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Definition:
Temporary Block Flow (TBF) is a physical connection used by the two Radio
Resource entities to support the unidirectional transfer of PDUs on packet data physical
channels. The TBF is allocated radio resource on one or more PDCHs and comprises a number
of RLC/MAC blocks carrying one or more LLC PDU. TBF Success Rate is when during a
data session, TBFs are successfully established on UL and DL.
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c. Check the states for TRx on which PDCH is configured can be issue of TRx also;
Change TRx if you found random behavior of TRx.
After all rectification observe the subsequent days report if you still find the problem repeat the
same process with due care to Pin Point the actual cause.
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After all rectification observe the subsequent days report if you still find the problem repeat the
same process with due care to Pin Point the actual cause.
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KPIOptimizationProcess
Appendix3(contd..)
referstopage15ofNetworkPerformanceMonitoring&OptimizationProcess
Alcatel&ZTE
ThedocumentcoverstheTCHAssignmentSuccessrate&SDCCHCongestionoptimizationprocessfor
Alcatel&ZTEGSMRadioNetworkstobecomplaintbyAlcatelLucentManagedSolutionsIndiaPvt.Ltd
RadioOptimizationEngineers&associatedstaff.
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Contents
1.PURPOSE.4
2.SCOPE4
3.INTRODUCTION.4
4.DEFINITION..5
4.1TCHASSIGNMENTSUCCESSRATE(TASR)
4.2SDCCHCONGESTION(SDCONG)
5.VENDORWISECOUNTERBASEDDESCRIPTION
5.1TCHASSIGNMENTSUCCESSRATE(TASR)
5.1.1ALCATELTASRDESCRIPTION
5.1.2ZTETASRDESCRIPTION
5.2SDCCHCONGESTION(SDCONG)
5.2.1ALCATELSDCONGDESCRIPTION
5.2.2ZTESDCONGDESCRIPTION
6.VENDORWISEROOTCAUSEANALYSIS&OPTIMIZATIONSTEPS
6.1TCHASSIGNMENTSUCCESSRATE(TASR)
6.1.1ALCATELTASRANALYSIS
6.1.2ZTETASRANALYSIS
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6.2SDCCHCONGESTION(SDCONG)
6.2.1ALCATELSDCONGANALYSIS
6.2.2ZTESDCONGANALYSIS
7.APPENDIX
7.1SDCCHDIMENSIONING
7.1.1ALCATELSDDIMENSIONINGMETHOD
7.1.2ZTESDDIMENSIONINGMETHOD
8.OptimizationProcessforotherRadioKPIs
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1. PURPOSE
Thisdocumentservesasaprocessguidelineforkeyperformanceindicator(KPI)
optimization such as TCH Assignment Success Rate (TASR) and SDCCH (SD)
Congestion in advanced wireless GSM 2G networks in multivendor scenario
comprisingofAlcatel(B10version)&ZTE(ZXG102.97)Radiosystems.
2. SCOPE
Thisdocumentismeantforexperiencedwireless2GGSMprofessionalsinvolved
inkeyperformanceindicator(KPI)optimizationspecificallyTCHAssignmentSuccess
Rate (TASR) and SDCCH (SD) Congestion in multivendor scenario comprising of
Alcatel(B10version)&ZTE(ZXG102.97)Radiosystems.
Also, the document targets the internal customers of ALUMS with sufficient
backgroundinGSM.
3. INTRODUCTION
Dynamic network configuration changes, operation & maintenance activities
with exponentially rising curve of subscriber density for wireless services prompts
theradioengineerstobequick&effectivetoretaintheQualityofServices(QoS)in
currentscenario.
TCH Assignment Success Rate (TASR) and SDCCH congestion are two critical
pointerstoqualityofnetworkaccessibilityduringbusyhours&nonbusyhoursfor
thesubscribers.
Ideally, cells in the network needs to be designed for 0% SDCCH congestion &
100%TASRtoensure100%errorfreesubscriberservicesinitiatedfromtheMSto
theMSC.Practically,therealtimeradioenvironment(changingclutters),highlevel
of faults/outages in network elements (MSC/BSC/TRAU/BTS) and higher subscriber
services(Voice/Data)demandsdestabilizesthedesignednetworkcapacitytoresult
indegradationofTASR&SDCCHcongestion.
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4. DEFINITION
4.1 TCHASSIGNMENTSUCCESSRATE(TASR)
In general, TASR is defined as percentage ratio of successful TCH
Attempts to TCH Attempts over an observed period of time. It measures how
oftensetupmessagesentfromMSforMobileOriginatingCall(MOC)orMobile
TerminatingCall(MTC)issuccessfulduringTCHallocationprocedurefromMSC.
GeneralEquation:
TASR(%)=(TCHAttemptseizures/TCHAttempts)*100
GSMLayer3Equation:
TASR(%)=(No.ofAssignmentCompletemsg./AssignRequests.)*100
Figure1SuccessfulTCHAssignmentphase
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TCH
ASSIGN
MENT
PHASE
Although,TASRindicatessuccessfulTCHseizuresforMSconnectivitywith
thenetworkduringcallphase.BetterwaytoapproachTASRimprovementisto
focusonTCHAssignmentfailureratewhichisequallyimportant.
HighTCHAssignmentfailurescanbeobservedforunderreasons:
HardwarefaultsinNetworkelements(BTS/BSC/MSC)
Software&Networkconfigurationdatabasediscrepancy
LowCoveragezone
Pathlossissue
HighInterferencefrominternal/externalsources
TransmissionissuesinAbis/Aterlinks
CICmismatchesbetweenBSCMSC
BTSwiringdiagramissue
IncorrectFeature,Parameters&Timerusages
MismatchinTRXradiotimeslotsmappingonRSL
Sectorblockingduetoclutterissues
TCHCongestion
HighTrafficUtilization
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Wrongantennatypedeploymentsforrequiredclutters
Invalidcounterpegging
Incorrectcounterselectionforfailuremonitoring
MS
BTSBSC
TRAU
Um
Abis
MSC
Ater
Legend:
Assignmentfailurecausepoint:
4.2 SDCCHCONGESTION(SDCONG)
Ingeneral,SDCCHCongestionisdefinedasthepercentageratioofSDCCH
Blocks to total SDCCH Attempts over an observed period of time. It measures
how often Mobile Station (MS) is unable to access the network for various
signaling(MM/CC)procedurestoensuresubscriberserviceestablishment.
GeneralEquation:
SDCONG(%)=(SDBlocks/SDAttempts)*100
GSMLayer3Equation:
SDCONG(%)=(ImmediateAssign.Rejects/ChannelRequired)*100
IncaseofSDCCH
Figure3SDCCHAssignmentphase
Congestion,
IMMEDIATE
ASSIGNMENT
REJECTmessage
flowsfromBTSto
MSonAGCH
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SDCCH
ASSIGN
MENT
PHASE
ImproperSDCCHDimensioning
Incorrectusageofavailablefeatures,parameters&timers
HighTCHUtilization
NonoptimizedLACBorders(Intercell/InterBSC/InterMSC)
ConfiguredbutoutofserviceSDCCHs
PhantomRACHs(CoBCCH/BSIC)
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Overshootingcellsinsidetheclutter
Equipmentfailure(Cell/TRE/BSC)
Increased mean hold time of SDCCH due to large no. of Layer 3
messageflowsbetweenMSMSC
LAPDcongestioninAbisinterface
SDCCHCongestioncausepointsareshowninfigureasunder:
Figure4SDCCHCongestioncausepoints
MS
BTSBSC
TRAU
Um
Abis
MSC
Ater
Legend:
SDCCHCongestioncausepoint:
SDCCHCongestioncausepointsarethelocationswhereprobableevent
failuresareobservedduetovariousreasonsmentionedabove.
SDCCH Congestion improvement based on above mentioned causes is
coveredinVendorwiserootcauseanalysis&Optimizationstepssection.Many
internal system reports based on measurable counters are required to co
correlatetoarriveatcertainconclusionforimprovementactionandarecovered
inupcomingsections.
5. VENDORWISECOUNTERBASEDDESCRIPTION
5.1TCHASSIGNMENTSUCCESSRATE(TASR)
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5.1.1ALCATELTASRDESCRIPTION
AlcatelBSSsystem(B10)evaluatestheTASRbasedoncertainmeasurable
countersfromNPOwithbelowrelation:
TASR(%)=MC718/[MC140a(MC142e+MC142f)*100.
Also,MC142e=C142a+C142c&MC142f=C142b+C142d.
Countersincrementordecrementbasedonvariousfactorsgoverningthe
networkoperatorsettingsandrealtimeoperationalstatus.Itisimportanttobe
aware of TASR % value on cell basis to visualize the impact & validity of these
counters.
5.1.2ZTETASRDESCRIPTION
ZTE BSS system (ZXG10V2.97) evaluates the TASR based on certain
measurablecountersfromOMCRwithbelowrelation:
TASR % = {(C11609C11696) (C11610+C11654+C11658C11697
C116101C116133)}*100/(C11609C11696)
Counter description & details can be found in Appendix section or on
clicktorespectivecounterinquickerway.
5.2SDCCHCONGESTION(SDCONG)
5.2.1ALCATELSDCONGDESCRIPTION
Alcatel BSS system (B10) evaluates the SD CONG based on certain
measurablecountersfromNPOwithbelowrelation:
SDCONG(%)=[MC04]/[MC04+MC148]*100
Counter description & details can be found in Appendix section or on
clicktorespectivecounterinquickerway.
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5.2.2ZTESDCONGDESCRIPTION
ZTEBSSsystem(ZXG10V2.97)evaluatestheSDCONGbasedoncertain
measurablecountersfromOMCRwithbelowrelation:
SDCONG%=(C11625C11626+C11697)*100/(C11625+C11696)
6. VENDORWISEROOTCAUSEANALYSIS&OPTIMIZATIONSTEPS
6.1TCHASSIGNMENTSUCCESSRATE(TASR)
6.1.1ALCATELTASRANALYSIS
Alcatel(BSS10release)TASRanalysisrequiresmonitoringoftheKPIfrom
BBHreportcirculatedfromlocal\centralMISteamondailybasisatcelllevel.
It involves clear understanding of associated counter based internal
systemreportsfromNPO/OMCserverasunderwhichreflecttherootcausesfor
poor TASR % values and needs study of these reports in following sequence
basedondegradationseverity:
Activealarmsreport
Pathbalancereport
RTCHAssignmentreport
Quality/Levelreport
TimingAdvance(TA)report
Networkparameterchecks
ReferAppendixSampleReportssectionforscreenshot.
FlowdiagramforTASRimprovementreportchecks:
TASRCYCLE
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ActiveAlarms
PathBalance
RTCHAssign
Quality/Level
Timingadvance
N/wparameter
START
Identify&filterTASR
%fromBBHreport
foranalysis
TASR%
Yes
No
Check&clear
activealarms
<98.75%
CheckforTRE
Pathbal.>5dB
withoutTMA
Verifythe
Tx/Rxpath&
rectifyit
BSSproblem,checkAbis
mediastabilitywithany
CICmismatchatAter
front(GTCNAAFLCPMR)
Nofurther
investigationreqd.
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Checkfailure
phaseinRTCH
Assignreport
No
GTCNAFLRR
MSC/BSC/Cell
Parameters,Timers&
Featuresauditforfine
tuningpurpose
CheckBBH report
forTASR%value
afterproblem
correction
>GTCNAFLBR
Yes
Radioproblem,check
Quality/Level/TARMS
reportswithanyTCH
congestion(GTCNACGR)
TASR%
>=98.75
Yes
STOP
ActiveAlarms
PathBalance
IOI
BER(U/LD/L)
Timingadvance
N/wparameter
Revisitthe
improvement
cycletoSTART
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START
Identify&filterTASR
%fromBBHreport
foranalysis
TASR%
Yes
No
Check&clear
activealarms
<98.75%
CheckRTFs
Pathloss<105
&>115noTMA
Verifythe
Tx/Rxpath&
rectifyit
CheckIOI
reportfor
UplinkIntrf.
No
BSSproblem,checkAbis
mediastabilitywithany
CICmismatchatAter
front(GTCNAAFLCPMR)
MSC/BSC/Cell
Parameters,Timers&
Featuresauditforfine
tuningpurpose
CheckBBH report
forTASR%value
afterproblem
correction
Nofurther
investigationreqd.
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Yes
TASR%
>=98.75
Radioproblem,check
Quality/Level/TARMS
reportswithanyTCH
congestion(GTCNACGR)
Revisitthe
improvement
cycletoSTART
Yes
STOP
6.1.2ZTETASRANALYSIS
ZTE(ZXG10V2.97)TASRanalysisrequiresmonitoringoftheKPIfromBBH
reportcirculatedfromlocal\centralMISteamondailybasisatcelllevel.
It involves clear understanding of associated counter based internal
systemreportsfromOMCRasunderwhichreflecttherootcausesforpoorTASR
% values and needs study of these reports in following sequence based on
degradationseverity:
Activealarmsreport
PathBalancereport
BasicMeasurementreport
TimingAdvance(TA)report
Networkparameterchecks
ReferAppendixSampleReportssectionforscreenshot.
FlowdiagramforTASRimprovementreportchecks:
TASRCYCLE
ActiveAlarms
PathBalance
IOI
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BER(U/LD/L)
Timingadvance
N/wparameter
START
Identify&filterTASR
%fromBBHreport
foranalysis
TASR%
Yes
No
Check&clear
activealarms
<98.75%
CheckforTRE
Pathbal.>5dB
withoutTMA
Verifythe
Tx/Rxpath&
rectifyit
BSSproblem,checkAbis
mediastabilitywithany
CICmismatchatAter
front(GTCNAAFLCPMR)
Nofurther
investigationreqd.
ALUMSOMPL2014ALUMSOPERATIONALPROCESSMANUAL
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Checkfailure
phaseinRTCH
Assignreport
No
GTCNAFLRR
MSC/BSC/Cell
Parameters,Timers&
Featuresauditforfine
tuningpurpose
CheckBBH report
forTASR%value
afterproblem
correction
>GTCNAFLBR
Yes
TASR%
>=98.75
Radioproblem,check
Quality/Level/TARMS
reportswithanyTCH
congestion(GTCNACGR)
Revisitthe
improvement
cycletoSTART
Yes
STOP
6.2SDCCHCONGESTION(SDCONG)
6.2.1ALCATELSDCONGANALYSIS
Alcatel(BSS10release)SDCONGanalysisrequiresmonitoringoftheKPI
fromBBHreportcirculatedfromlocal\centralMISteamondailybasisatcelllevel.
It is highly critical to understand the radio network configuration & spatial location of cells
basedonwhichcertainimplicationscanbemadeforhighSDCong%.
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START
Identify&filterSD
CONG%fromBBH
reportforanalysis
CheckHWavailability
NoYes
SDCONG
%!=0.00
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STOP
7.APPENDIX
7.1SDCCHDIMENSIONING
Automatic(Loadbasedincrease/decreaseofSDCCH/8)
Manual(TrafficEstimationsandCellStatistics)
AutomaticSDdimensioningisdependentonfeatureavailabilityinthesystem
althoughmostofsystemshavedynamicSDCCHconfigurationfeaturetocontrolSD
traffic in peak hours. Dynamic SDCCH feature activation is network operator
dependent & is highly recommended when flow monitoring of LAPD layer 2
messagesisavailable.
ManualSDCCHdimensioningisbasedontwofollowingmethods
TrafficEstimations:
Various Layer3 events (LU/IMSI ATTACHDETACH/Call set
up/SMS/FAX etc require average mean holding time (seconds)
basedonwhichSDCCHtrafficestimationisdone.Thismethodis
largely ignored in real networks due to varying probability of
meanholdingtimesofLayer3(MM/CM)messagesandSDtraffic
estimation.
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CellStatistics:
Cell Statistics based SD dimensioning is highly recommended in
current real time dynamic networks due to high demand for
SDCCHresourcesandformsvalidpartofdiscussioninthemanual.
CellstatisticbasedapproachconsidersmaximumSDCCHchannel
occupancyin24hoursorpeakSDtrafficforSDdimensioningasa
critical input besides configured total SDCCH channels including
(SDCCH/4, SDCCH/8) with or without CBCH. SD carried traffic or
busy channels must be average of minimum 3 weeks to capture
cellbehavioronlongtermbasisforeffectivedimensioning.
START
CheckforCounter
withmaxSDtraffic
orbusychannels
SD
YesNo
Dimensioning
reqd.
MaxSD
traffic
available
MaxSDbusy
subchannels
available
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NoNo
YesYes
Computechannels
frmcarriedSDtraffic
using0.5%G.O.S
fromErlangBtable
Checkforconfigured
&requiredSDCCH
subchannelwith
40%excessaddition
STOP
Note:8SDCCHsubchannelscorrespondtoonehardcodedSDCCH/8
7.1.1ALCATELSDDIMENSIONINGMETHOD
Alcatel (B10 release) SD Dimensioning is done using NPO
indicatorGSDTREwhichgivesSDErlanghourlybasisforaday.Minimum
3 weeks data average with maximum SD Erlang observed in daily busy
hourmustbetakenintoaccountbeforefurtheranalysis.
ReferstepsasmentionedinFlowchart5forSDdimensioning.
7.1.2ZTESDDIMENSIONINGMETHOD
ZTE (ZXG10V2.97) SD Dimensioning is done using Basic
Measurement report.xls available in OMCR with counter C11627
(MaximumNumberofBusySDCCH).Minimum3weeksdataaverage(If
available) with maximum SD busy channels in 24 hours must be taken
intoaccountbeforefurtheranalysis.
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ReferstepsasmentionedinFlowchart5forSDdimensioning.
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8.OptimizationProcessforotherRadioKPIs
SDCCHDropRate
Definition:SDCCHCallDropRateindicatestheprobabilityofcalldropsthatoccurwhenMSs
occupySDCCHs.ThisKPIreflectstheseizureconditionofsignalingchannels.Ifthevalueofthis
KPIishigh,userexperienceisadverselyaffected.
SDCCHCallDropRate=CallDropsonSDCCH/SuccessfulSDCCHseizures
Causes:
30. DuetoBlindspot,lowcoveragelevel,orcrosscoverage.
31. HighVSWRduetofeedersleadstothereductioninthetransmitpowerandinthe
receiversensitivity.
32. PoortransmissionqualityandunstabletransmissionlinksovertheAbisinterface
33. Unavoidableinternetworkinterference,interferencefromrepeaters,orhighand
unavoidableintranetworkinterferencecausedbyaggressivefrequencyreuse
Interference
34. unavailableterrestrialresourcesorfaultydevices
Action:
1. ReduceCoveragehole,Blindspotsbyphysicallyoptimization.
2. BymaintainingbalancebetweenUplinkDownlinkpathbyachievinglessVSWRvalue,
propertuningofRxLevAccessMinandRachLevAccessMinParameter.
3. StableTransmissionMinimumLapDfailures
4. ProperFrequencyplantoreduceInferencelevelbyretuningfrequency,Maio,HSN,
reducingOvershooting.
5. ReshufflingofSDCCHTimeslotasperTRXefficiency.RectificationofFaultyTRXs.
6. TimerT200canbeoptimizedaspertransmissionefficiency.
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HandoverSuccessRate
Definition:Thepurposeofhandoveristoensurethecallcontinuity,improvethespeech
quality,andreducethecrossinterferenceinthenetwork,thusprovidingbetterservicesforthe
subscribers.Successratioofhandoveristheratioofthetotalnumberofsuccessfulhandovers
tothetotalnumberofhandoverrequests.
SuccessRateofHandover=SuccessfulHandovers/HandoverRequests
HSRisimpacteddueto
1. Blindspot,lowcoveragelevel,orcrosscoverage.
2. Unavoidableinterferencecanbetheinternetworkinterference,interferencefrom
repeaters,orintranetworkinterferenceresultingfromaggressivefrequencyreuse.
3. PoortransmissionqualityandunstabletransmissionlinksovertheAbisinterface
4. Faultydevices,orasynchronousclocks
5. Imbalanceddistributionoftrafficvolumeinthenetwork.Ifthenetworkiscongested
badly,thehandoverfailuresincreasebecauseofnoavailableTCHsandthehandover
successratedecreases.Thenetworkcongestiondoesnotaffectthesuccessrateofradio
handover.
Action
1. Properneighbordefinition(1sttiermandatoryand2ndtierdefinitionasperrequirement)
2. Maintainingproperfootprintbyphysicaloptimization.
3. ReducingInterferencelevelbysmoothfrequencyplan
4. Stableerrorfreetransmissionlinks
5. AvoidingPingpongHObydefiningproperHOmarginparameterwhichmaybedue
LevelorQuality.
6. ProvidingappropriatetimeframeforclearmsgorEstablishmsgbetweenBTSsbyT8
timer
7. ForintraBscHO,timetoreceivesHOcompletemsgfromBSCshouldbeoptimizedby
T3103timer
8. MaximizingtheHOcauseduetoPowerbudget.
9. Maintainingpropertrafficdistributionbyphysically,DR,queuingparameterstoavoid
HOfailureduetoneighborcellscongestion
10. Clockdriftshouldbeavoided.
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TCHCallDropRate
CallDropRatioonTCHindicatestheratioofthenumberofcalldropstothenumberof
successfulTCHseizuresaftertheBSCsuccessfullyassignsTCHstoMSs.
TCHCalldropsdueto
1. Blindspot,lowcoveragelevel,orcrosscoverage.
2. Unavoidableinterferencecanbetheinternetworkinterference,interferencefrom
repeaters,orintranetworkinterferenceresultingfromaggressivefrequencyreuse.
3. PoortransmissionqualityandunstabletransmissionlinksovertheAbisinterface
4. FaultydevicesandhighVSWR
5. IfthetargetcellinvolvedintheDirectedRetryprocedureisunderanotherBSC
6. DuringintraBschandover
7. IfpreemptionisusedinMSCthenlowerpriorityMSwillfacecalldrop.
Action
1. Cleanfrequencyplanviz.achieveminimuminterferencelevelbycleanBCCH(CO/ADJ),
MAL,MAIO,MSPlan.
2. Minimizingcoverageholesbyphysicaloptimization(Orientation,Height,E.Tilt,M.Tilt).
3. SettingRadiolinktimeoutparameterasperintersitedistanceviz.forruralsitesRLTcan
beofhighervalue.
4. SimilarforRuralsitewhereuplinkqualityispoor,RxlevAccessmin,RachAccessmin
parametercanbesetappropriately.Properbalanceshouldbemaintainedforthis
parameterelsepathimbalancewillresultandTCHdropwillincrease.TMA/TMBcanbe
plannedappropriately.
5. MinimizeAterAbisfluctuationLinkstabilityplaysveryvitalrole.
6. AterCongestionfurtherresultsinTCHcalldrops.SufficientAterargumentshouldbe
maintained.
7. PowercontrolusedforHOshouldbeproperlydesignedtoavoiddropwhereeverthere
issuddenRxLevdrop.
8. DuringHOtoneighborcellsshouldbehavingfreeTCHresourceselsecalldropmay
increase.Forthisproperhalfratethresholdsshouldbedefinedaspertrafficpattern,
decongestionofthesecellsbycapacityargument.
9. Queuinglengthshouldnotmadetoolong/short.
10. DropduetointraBscHO,congestionfreeAterargumentshouldbemaintained
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11. TimerT305andT308intervalshouldbewellenoughtoreceivetheDisconnectand
ReleasemessagefromMscandBscrespectively.
12. ProperNeighbordefinitionshouldbemaintainedsomehandoverscannotbe
performedandthuscalldrops.
13. BymaximizingPowercontrolHOsreducestheinterferenceslevel,whichfurther
reducesTCHdroprate.
14. ByDTXfeaturefurtherInterferencelevelsarereduced,reducingTCHdrop.
RACHSuccessrate
Def:Random Access Channel (RACH) is used by the MS on the uplink to request for
allocation of an SDCCH. This request from the MS on the uplink could either be as a page
response (MS being paged by the BSS in response to an incoming call) or due to user trying
to access the network to establish a call.
RACHFailurecanbedueto:
1.AGCHOverloadatBaseStation
2.RACHCollisions
3.MSoutofRange
4.PoorUplinkquality
5.BTSReceiverProblem
Action
1. Appropriateno.ofCCCHblocksshouldbedesignedasperTrafficpattern.Signalinglink
shouldbeincreasedfrom16kto32kasperrequirementtoavoidoverloading.
2. MinimumCoverageholeisfirstrequirementforgreaterRACHsuccessrate.
3. UseofDTXmodeinUplinkreducestheinterferencelevelmakinglessprobabilityfor
RACHcollision
4. Hardwarealarmlikedifferenceinuplinkanddownlinkpathbalanceheavilyimpacts
RACHsuccessrate.H/Walarmshouldbeminimized
5. Max.NoOfRetransmissionparameterallowstheMStoretransmitagainforAGCHby
notincrementingtheRACHaccessfailurecounter.
6. RACHAccessminandRACHBusyThresholdparametercanbetunedtorestricttheMS
inoutofrange.Ifthisparameterissettoahighervalue,theactualcoverageareaofthe
networkbecomessmall;ifthisparameterissettoalowervalue;alldropsarelikelyto
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occurbecauseofinvalidaccessortooweakaccesssignals,thusdecreasingthesuccess
rate.
7. Fluctuationintransmissionmediafurtherdecreasesthesuccessrate.Stablemedianeed
tobemaintained.
8. UplinkqualitycanbefurtherboostedbyTMA/TMB.
RxQuality
Samplescarriedwithin0to4Levelbysumofsamplescarriedwithin0to7Levels,istermedas
RxQualityfortheTRX/cell.
PoorSpeechQualitycouldbebaddueto
1. Coverageholes
2. NoTargetcellforHandover
3. Interference
Cochannel
Adjacentchannel
External
Multipath
Noise
4. E1fluctuationpoorFER
5. Pathbalance,VSWR,HardwareissueatBTS
6. Poorpowerbudgetthresholds
7. Halfratepenetration
8. Repeaterusedbroadband/narrow/manual
Action
1. BothUplinkandDownlinkgoodquality,properuniformcoveragepatternsare
prerequisite.
2. Cleanfrequencyplanviz.achieveminimuminterferencelevelbycleanBCCH(CO/ADJ),
MAL,MAIO,MSPlan
3. OvershootingshouldbeavoidedbyE/Mtilt,heightreductionandreorientatione.g.cells
fromhighaltitude(mountain)aretendingtoovershootevenwithmaximumtiltand
height.Sectorfacingtowardswater(sea,pond)causesreflectionandfurther
interferenceinthesurrounding.Properorientationorisolatedfrequencyplanneedto
beconsideredforthesesites.
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4. MissingneighborsfurthercausesHOduetointerference.Proper1sttierneighbor
shouldbedefined
5. PoorFERfurtherdegradesthequality,bymakingMStogotolowestcodecsupported.
ErrorfreeE1linkshouldbemaintained.
6. Differenceinuplinkanddownlinkpathcausesfurtherqualityinuplinkanddownlink
respectively.Callservedbyfaulty/alarmedtimeslot/TRXcausesqualitydegradation.
MinimumHardwarealarmsshouldbemaintained.
7. AggressiveHalfrateutilizationmakesMStouselowestEFRorAMRcodecmaximum
timesmakingsubscribertoputtheireffortstounderstandabouttheclearlyof
conversation.
8. RepeatersfrequenciesarenotupdatedautomaticwheneveranRFengg.changes
frequencyplanofservingmacrositesincemaximumrepeatersaremanuallytuned
repeaters.
9. Qualityisfoundpooreratplaceswhereexternalinterferencesarepresentviz.closeby
CDMAsites,restrictedzonesduetojammers/frequenciesusedbythem.Notchfilters
canbeproposedtoreduceCDMAfrequencyeffects.
10. TMA/TMBcanbeusedatHighwaysitestoachievegooduplinkpath.
11. MSshouldaccessnetworkwithproperuplinkanddownlinklevwhicharesetby
RxlevaccessminandRachaccesminparameter.