Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 2003(2003), No. 29, pp. 114.

ISSN: 1072-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.swt.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu

ftp ejde.math.swt.edu (login: ftp)

UNIFORM STABILIZATION FOR THE TIMOSHENKO BEAM

BY A LOCALLY DISTRIBUTED DAMPING
ABDELAZIZ SOUFYANE & ALI WEHBE

Abstract. We study the uniform stabilization of a Timoshenko beam by

one control force. We prove that under, one locally distributed damping, the
exponential stability for this system is assured if and only if the wave speeds
are the same.

1. Introduction
A basic linear model, developed in [19], for describing the transverse vibration
of beams is given by two coupled partial differential equations
wtt = (K(wx ))x ,
on (0, l) R+
(1.1)
I tt (x, t) = (EIx )x + K(wx ).
Here, t is the time variable and x the space coordinate along the beam, the length of
which is l, in its equilibrium position. The function w is the transverse displacement
of the beam and is the rotation angle of a filament of the beam. The coefficients
, I , E, I and K are the mass per unit length, the polar moment of inertia of a
cross section, Youngs modulus of elasticity, the moment of inertia of a cross section
and the shear modulus respectively. The natural energy of the beam is
Z
1 l
2
2
2
2
|t w| + I |t | + EI |x | + K |x w | )dx.
(1.2)
E(t) =
2 0
The aim of this paper is to study two types of stabilization of this system, the
internal and the boundary stabilization. Let us mention some results about the
stabilizability of the Timoshenko beam. The case of two boundary control force
has already been considered by Kim and Renardy [4] for the Timoshenko beam.
They proved the exponential decay of the energy E(t) by using a multiplier technique and provided numerical estimates of the eigenvalues of the operator associated
to this system, and by Lagnese & Lions [11] for the study of the exact controllability, Taylor [7] studied the boundary control of system (1.1) with variable physical
characteristics. Recently Shi & Feng [16] established the exponential decay of the
energy E(t) with locally distributed feedback (two feedback).We will first prove that
it is possible to stabilize uniformly (with respect to the initial data) this beam,
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 35L55, 93C05, 93C20, 93D15, 93D20, 93D30.
Key words and phrases. Timohsenko beam, strong stability, non-uniform stability,
uniform stability, Lyapunov function.
c
2003
Southwest Texas State University.
Submitted September 2, 2002. Published March 16, 2003.
1

A. SOUFYANE & A. WEHBE

EJDE2003/29

which is assumed to be clamped at the two ends of (0, l), by using a unique locally
distributed feedback
wtt = (K(wx ))x ,
on (0, l) R+

I tt = (EIx )x + K(wx ) b(x)t ,

w(0, t) = w(l, t) = 0;

(1.3)

(0, t) = (l, t) = 0.

where b is a positive continuous function of the space variable. Indeed, we prove

the uniform stability holds for system (1.3) if and only if the wave speeds K
and
EI
are
the
same.
If
not,
the
asymptotic
stability
for
this
system
is
proved.
The
I
techniques we use consist in the computation of the essential type (see the definition
in the next section) of the associated semigroups, thanks to the result of Neves et
al. [6].
Our paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we give a result of a wellposedness of the solution of the system and we study the strong asymptotic stability
EI
and the nonuniform stability of (1.3) under the assumption K
6= I . In section 3,
we study the uniform stability of (1.3) under the assumption

EI
I .

2. Well-posedness, asymptotic and nonuniform stability

Well-posedness. Here we outline the existence theory of the solution of the Timoshenko beam. To establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the
studied model we use the semigroup theory, we suppose that b C([0, l]) . The
energy space associated to system (1.3) is
H := (H01 (]0, l[) L2 (]0, l[))2
The inner product in the energy space is defined as follows:
Z l
(Y1 , Y2 ) :=
(K(x u1 w1 )(x u2 w2 ) + v1 v2 + I f1 f2 + EI(x w1 x w2 ))dx,
0

uk
vk
2

where Yk =
wk H, k = 1, 2. In the sequel we will denote by kY k := (Y, Y ),
fk
the norm in the energy space. The system 1.3 can be written as
t Y (t) = LY (t),
where

w(t)
t w(t)

Y (t) :=
(t) ,
t (t)

xx

L :=

K
I x

I
0
0
0

0
K
x
0
EI
I xx

K
I

0
0

I
b(x)

with D(L) := ((H 2 (]0, l[) H01 (]0, l[)) H01 (]0, l[))2 .
Proposition 2.1 ([17],[16]). The operator (L, D(L)) generates a C0 -semigroup of
contractions (eLt )t0 on H.

EJDE2003/29

UNIFORM STABILIZATION FOR THE TIMOSHENKO BEAM

Asymptotic strong Stability and nonuniform stability. Before giving our

first result, we need to recall some results and the following definitions:
eLt is asymptotically stable if, for any Y0 H limt eLt Y0 = 0.
eLt is uniformly (or exponentially) stable if there exist < 0 and M > 0 such
that
keLt k M et t R+
For a continuous linear operator from a Banach space into itself, we define its
essential spectral radius re (L) as
n
re (L) = inf R > 0 : (L), || > R implies is an isolated o
(2.1)
eigenvalue of finite multiplicity
It is well-known (see Gohberg-Krein [3]) that, if r(L) is the spectral radius of L
re (L) r(L);
re (L + K) = re (L) K L(X), K compact
If eLt is a C0 -semigroup generated by L, then (see for instance [5]) there exist
two real numbers = (L) and e = e (L) such that
r(eLt ) = et ,
Lt

e t

re (e ) = e

(2.2)
+

t R .

(2.3)

is often called the type and e the essential type of the semigroup. A third real
number which plays an essential role in stability theory is the spectral abscissa s(L)
of L defined by
s(L) = sup {Re : (L)} .
These three real numbers are related as follows [5, Theorem 3.6.1., p. 107]:
(L) = max (e (L), s(L)) .
Clearly, the uniform stability of eLt is equivalent to (L) < 0. We are now ready
to state our first result.
Theorem 2.2. Assume that b C([0, l]) and
b(x) b > 0

on [b0 , b1 ] [0, l].

(2.4)

Then:
eLt is asymptotically stable.
EI
Lt
If K
is non uniformly stable.
6= I , then e
Before giving the proof of this theorem we need to recall the following result.
Theorem 2.3 (Benchimol [2]). Let L be a maximal linear operator in a complex
Hilbert space H and assume that:
(a) L has a compact resolvent.
(b) L does not have purely imaginary eingenvalues.
Then eLt is strongly stable.
Theorem 2.2. To prove strong stability of eLt , it remains to verify the properties
(a) and (b) of theorem 2.3.
Property (a) follows at once from the compactness of the imbedding D(L) in H,
a consequence of Rellichs theorem.

A. SOUFYANE & A. WEHBE

EJDE2003/29

Suppose the conclusion of (b) is false, then L have a purely imaginary eingenvalues i. Let U1 the eigenvectors associated to i. Using the definition of L it
follows that LU1 = iU1 if and only if
Kxx u Kx v = 2 u,
EI.xx v + Kx u Kv ib(x)v = I 2 v,


u = v  = 0.
0,l

(2.5)

0,l

We multiply the second equation of this system by v to obtain

Z l
Z l
(EI|x v|2 Kx u.v + (K I 2 )|v|2 )dx = 0 and
b(x)|v|2 dx = 0.
0

Then v = 0, on [b0 , b1 ], and

EI.xx v + Kx u Kv = I 2 v,
which implies x u = 0 on ]b0 , b1 [. From
Kxx u Kx v = 2 u,
it follows that u = 0 on ]b0 , b1 [.
Now, it is trivial to see that u = v = 0 is the solution of the system
Kxx u Kx v = 2 u,
EI.xx v + Kx u Kv = I 2 v,

(2.6)

v = u = 0 on ]b0 , b1 [,


u = v  = 0.
0,l

0,l

This complete the proof of the strong stability of (eLt )t0 .

The proof of the nonuniform stability for eLt when K
6=
Lt
computation of the essential type of (e )t0 . Let

0 0
0
0
0 0
0
0

D=
0 0
0
0
K
0 0 I 0

EI
I

is based on the

This operator is compact in the energy space H. Then re (L) = re (L D). Now we
calculate the essential spectral radius of L1 := L D , for this reason we transform
the equations by introducing the following variables:
s
s
K
K
p=
x u + t u, q =
x u + t u,

s
s
EI
EI
=
x v + t v, =
x v + t v.
I
I
which are solutions of the system



p
p
p

t
q + Kx q + C q = 0,

(2.7)

EJDE2003/29

UNIFORM STABILIZATION FOR THE TIMOSHENKO BEAM

with the boundary conditions

(p + q)(0, t) = ( + )(0, t) = (p + q)(l, t) = ( + )(l, t) = 0,
where
p
K/ p 0
0
0
EI/I

p0
K=
0
0
K/
0
0
0
q

I
K
0
2
0
EI

b(x)
K
2I
2IK

q
C = 2I
I
0
K

2
EI

b(x)
K

2IK
2I
2I

0
,

p0
EI/I
q
I
EI

b(x)
2I
q

I
K
2
EI
b(x)
2I
K
2

EI
L1 t
When K
)=
6= I , we can apply a result in [6, p 324] which implies that re (e
L2 t
re (e ) = exp(t) where

0
0
0
0
K/ p 0
0
0
0 b(x) 0
0

0
EI/I
0

2I
x +
p0
L2 =

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
K/

p
b(x)
0
0
0 2I
0
0
0
EI/I

and = sup{Re() : (L2 )}. To compute we solve the system

s
s
K
K
x p = p,
x q = q,

s
s
b(x)
b(x)
EI
EI
x = ( +
),
x = ( +
),
I
2I
I
2I
with the boundary conditions
(p + q)(0, t) = ( + )(0, t) = (p + q)(l, t) = ( + )(l, t) = 0.
Then we have
r
p(x) = c1 exp(

x),
K
r

r
q(x) = c1 exp(

x),
K

Z x
I
b(y)
(x +
dy)),
(x) = c2 exp(
EI
0 2I
r
Z x
I
b(y)
(x) = c2 exp(
(x +
dy)),
EI
0 2I
where c1 and c2 are in R\{0}. Using the boundary conditions, we see that one of
the following two equations must hold for non-trivial solutions,
r
r

exp(
l) exp(
l) = 0,
K
K
r
r
Z l
Z l
I
b(y)
I
b(y)
exp(
(l +
dy)) exp(
(l +
dy) = 0,
EI
2I
EI

0
0 2I

A. SOUFYANE & A. WEHBE

EJDE2003/29

these imply that

1
Re() = 0 or Re() =
l

(
0

b(x)
)dx,
2I

and thus
= sup{Re(), (L2 )} = 0.
Then re (eL2 t ) = 1. Using the property r(eLt ) re (eLt ) we deduce, the non uniform
EI

stability of the semigroup associated to the Timoshenko beam if K
6= I .
3. Uniform stability
In this section our main result is the following theorem.
Theorem 3.1. Assuming that b(x) satisfies (2.4), eLt is exponentially stable if
K
EI
= I .
The proof of the uniform stability is based on the construction of a Lyapunov
function (Y (t)) satisfying the following inequalities:
i) There exist two positives constants, d0 , d1 such that
2

d0 kY k (Y ) d1 kY k

Y  D(L)

(3.1)

ii) There exist a positive constant d2 such that

2

t (Y (t)) d2 kY (t)k

(3.2)

To construct this function we will use the multiplicative technique.

Lemma 3.2. If (Y (t)) satisfies (3.1), (3.2), then there exist m and e a positive
constant such that
kY (t)k2 m exp(et)kY (0)k2
2

Proof. It follows from (3.1) that kY (t)k d11 (Y (t)). Using (3.2) then we
have
d2
t (Y (t)) (Y (t))
d1
thus
d2
(Y (t)) exp( t)(Y ) .
d1

Using (3.1), we have kY (t)k2 dd10 exp( dd21 t)kY k2
Lemma 3.3. For any positive constant 1 and scalar functions h, c such that:
h(0) > 0, h(l) < 0, hx < 0 on [b0 , b1 ], hx > 0 on [0, l]\[b0 , b1 ], and cxx < 0 on [0, l],
we have the following statements:
i)
Z l
Z
Z
EI l
I l
EI
t
I t .h(x)x dx =
hx (x )2 dx
hx (t )2 dx +
[h.(x )2 ]l0
2
2 0
2
0
0
Z l
Z l

(b(x)t ).h(x)x dx + K
(wx ).hx dx,
0

ii)
Z

Z
I t .c(x)dx = EI

t
0

EI
c(x ) dx +
2
2

l
2

cxx () dx + I
0

c(t )2 dx.

EJDE2003/29

UNIFORM STABILIZATION FOR THE TIMOSHENKO BEAM

l

(wx ).cdx

+K

(b(x)t ).c(x)dx.

iii)
l

t w.1 (xx )1 x (h(x)x + c(x))dx

t
0

=K

1 h(x)x + 1 c(x)dx.

K(wx ).(1 h(x)x + 1 c(x))dx

dx +
0

t w.((xx )1 x (1 h(x)t x + 1 c(x)t ))dx,

+
0

where (xx )1 is taken in the sense of Dirichlet boundary conditions.

Proof. i) Multiplying the second equation in 1.3) by h(x)x , we get
Z l
Z l
Z l
t
I t .h(x)x dx =
I tt .h(x)x dx +
I t .h(x)t x dx
0

(EIxx + K(wx ) b(x)t ).h(x)x dx +

=
0
l

I t .h(x)t x dx
0

(
0

EI
I
(x )2 hx (t )2 hx )dx
2
2

(K(wx ) b(x)t ).h(x)x dx +

+
0

EI
[h.(x )2 ]l0
2

ii) Multiplying the second equation of (1.3) by c(x), we get

Z l
t
I t .c(x)dx
0
l

I tt .c(x)dx +

I t .c(x)t dx

0
l

Z
(EIxx + K(wx ) b(x)t ).c(x)dx +

=
0

I t .c(x)t dx
0

Z
= EI

c(x )2 dx +

EI
2

cxx ()2 dx + K

(wx ).cdx
0

Z
(b(x)t ).c(x)dx + I

c(t )2 dx

iii) Multiplying the first equation of (1.3) by

f = (xx )1 x (1 h(x)x + 1 c(x)), f (0) = f (l) = 0,
we obtain
Z l
t
(t w.f )dx
0
l

Z
Kx (wx ).f dx +

=
0

t w.(t f )dx
0

Z
=

Z
K(wx ).fx dx +

t w.(t f )dx
0

A. SOUFYANE & A. WEHBE

EJDE2003/29

K(wx ).x (xx )1 x (1 h(x)x + 1 c(x))dx +

=
0

t w.(t f )dx
0

Note that x (xx )1 x v = v

Z l
t
(t w.f )dx

1
l

Rl
0

v dx. Then

0
l

K(wx ).(1 h(x)x + 1 c(x))dx

=
0

1
l

Z
K(wx )dx +

1 h(x)x + 1 c(x)dx.
0

t w.(t f )dx
0

Z
K l
=
K(wx ).(1 h(x)x + 1 c(x))dx +
1 h(x)x
l 0
0
Z l
Z l
+ 1 c(x)dx.
dx
t w.((xx )1 x (1 h(x)t x + 1 c(x)t ))dx.
Z


Now we introduce the function
Z l
Z l
Z l
1 (Y (t)) := E(t) + 1
I t .h(x)x dx + 1
I t .c(x)dx
(t w.f )dx
0

Lemma 3.4. For positive constants ai (i = 1, 4) and

= |(hx x (xx )1 h)|L2 (0,l) ,

= |x (xx )1 |L2 (0,l)

we have
|t 1 (Y (t))|
Z l
I
a1 b2
a2 b2
1 1 c2

(b(x) 1 hx + 1 I c + 1
+ 1
+
+
)(t )2 dx
2
2
2
2a
2a
3
4
0
Z l
h2
EI
EI
+
(1
hx 1 EIc + 1
)(x )2 dx + 1
[h.(x )2 ]l0
2
2a
2
1
0
Z l
EI
c2
+
(1
cxx + 1
)()2 dx
2
2a2
0
Z l
Z l


+ K
(1 h(x)x + 1 c(x))dx.
dx
0

+(

1 a3 1 a4
+
)
2
2

(t w)2 dx.

Proof. Note that

t 1 (Y (t))
Z
=t E(t) + 1 t
Z

EI
[h.(x )2 ]l0 )
2

(t w.f )dx
0

Z l
EI
I
b(x)(t )2 dx + 1 ( (
(x )2 hx (t )2 hx )dx
2
2
0
(K(wx ) b(x)t ).h(x)x dx +

I t .c(x)dx t

I t .h(x)x dx + 1 t
0

EJDE2003/29

UNIFORM STABILIZATION FOR THE TIMOSHENKO BEAM

Z
Z l
EI l
cxx ()2 dx + K
(wx ).cdx
2 0
0
0
Z l
Z l

(b(x)t ).c(x)dx + I
c(t )2 dx)
Z

+ 1 (EI

c(x )2 dx +

0
l

K(wx ).(1 h(x)x + 1 c(x))dx

0

K
l
Z l

Z
(1 h(x)x + 1 c(x))dx.

dx
0

t w.((xx )1 x (1 h(x)t x + 1 c(x)t ))dx

0
l

Z l
EI
I
2
(1
hx 1 EIc)(x )2 dx
= (b(x) 1 hx + 1 I c)(t ) dx +
2
2
0
0
Z l
Z l
Z l
1
(b(x)t ).h(x)x dx K
(1 h(x)x + 1 c(x))dx.
dx
Z

+ 1
Z

EI
EI
[h.(x )2 ]l0 + 1
2
2

cxx ()2 dx 1

(b(x)t ).c(x)dx
0

t w.((xx )1 x (1 h(x)t x + 1 c(x)t ))dx.

Z l
I
EI
2
= (b(x) 1 hx + 2 I c)(t ) dx +
(1
hx 1 EIc)(x )2 dx
2
2
0
0
Z l
Z
Z l
K l
1
(b(x)t ).h(x)x dx
(1 h(x)x + 1 c(x))dx.
dx
l 0
0
0
Z
Z l
EI
EI l
+ 1
[h.(x )2 ]l0 + 1
cxx ()2 dx 1
(b(x)t ).c(x)dx
2
2 0
0
Z l
Z l
1

1 (hx x (xx ) h)t w.t dx +

1 x (xx )1 t w.c(x)t dx.
Z

Using Youngs inequality we obtain

Z
Z l
Z l
 l

1
 (b(x)t ).h(x)x dx a1
(b(x)t )2 dx +
(h(x)x )2 dx,
2 0
2a1 0
0
Z l
Z l
Z
 l

1
 (b(x)t ).c(x)dx a2
(b(x)t )2 dx +
(c(x))2 dx,
2
2a
2
0
0
0
Z l
Z
Z
 l


1 l
1
3
1
2


1 (hx x (xx ) h)t w.t dx
(t w) dx +
(t )2 dx ,
2
2a3 0
0
0
Z
Z
Z
 l
 1 a4 l
1 l
1
2


1 x (xx ) t w.c(x)t dx
(t w) dx +
(c(x)t )2 dx.
2
2a4 0
0
0
Then
|t 1 (Y (t))|
Z l
I
a1 b2
a2 b2
1 1 c2

(b(x) 1 hx + 1 I c + 1
+ 1
+
+
)(t )2 dx
2
2
2
2a3
2a4
0

10

A. SOUFYANE & A. WEHBE

EJDE2003/29

EI
h2
hx 1 EIc + 1
)(x )2 dx
2
2a
1
0
Z l
EI
EI
c2
+ 1
[h.(x )2 ]l0 +
(1
cxx + 1
)()2 dx
2
2
2a2
0
Z
Z l
Z l
K l

1 a3 1 a4
+
(1 h(x)x + 1 c(x))dx.
dx + (
+
) (t w)2 dx.
l 0
2
2
0
0
Z

(1


Lemma 3.5. For scalar positive constants ai (i = 5, 6), and scalar functions k, d
such that k(0) > 0, k(l) < 0, kx < 0 on [b0 , b1 ], kx > 0 on [0, l]\[b0 , b1 ], and d > 0
on [0, l], we have: i)
Z l
Z l
Z l


K
a5
1
t
t w.k(x)wx dx
( kx + K )(wx )2 dx + K
(k(x)x )2 dx
2
2
2a
5 0
0
0
Z l

kx (t w)2 dx + [k.(wx )2 ]l0 ,

2
0 2
ii)
l

Z
t

K(wx ).x (d(x)w)dx

t w.d(x)wdx =
0

d(x)(t w)2 dx,

and iii)

t

Z
Z


(t .( wx ) t w.x )dx

0
l

K
a6
( +
)( wx )2 dx +
I
2I

(1 +
0

K

I b2
)(t )2 dx +  [x .wx ]l0 .
2a6

Proof. i) Multiplying the first equation in (1.3) by k(x)wx , we obtain

Z l
t
t w.k(x)wx dx
0
l

Z
=

Z
tt w.k(x)wx dx +

t w.k(x)t wx dx

0
l

Z
Kx (wx ).k(x)wx dx +

=
0

t w.k(x)t wx dx
0

Z
=
0

K
kx (wx )2 dx
2

Z
Kx .k(x)wx dx

K
kx (t w)2 dx + [k.(wx )2 ]l0
2
2

Using Youngs inequality we obtain

Z l
Z
Z l
a5 l
1
x .k(x)wx dx
(wx )2 dx +
(k(x)x )2 dx.
2
2a
5
0
0
0
Then
Z

Z
I t .h(x)x dx

t
0

(
0

K
a5
1
kx + K )(wx )2 dx + K
2
2
2a5

K
kx (t w)2 dx + [k.(wx )2 ]l0 .
2
2

Z
0

(k(x)x )2 dx

EJDE2003/29

UNIFORM STABILIZATION FOR THE TIMOSHENKO BEAM

11

ii) Multiplying the first equation in (1.3) by d(x)w, we obtain

Z l
Z l
Z l
t
t w.d(x)wdx =
tt w.d(x)wdx
t w.d(x)t wdx
0

0
l

Kx (wx ).d(x)wdx
0

0
Z l

K(wx ).x (d(x)w)dx

=
0

d(x)(t w)2 dx
d(x)(t w)2 dx

iii) Multiplying the first equation in (1.3) by x and the second equation of system
(1.3) by wx , we obtain
Z l
t
(t .( wx ) t w.x )dx
0
l

Z
tt .( wx )dx +

t .(t t wx )dx

0
l

Z
tt w.x dx

0
l

t wt x dx
0

EI
xx .( wx )dx
I

=
0

K
( wx )2 dx
I

t .(t t wx )dx

+
0

0
K

b(x)
t .( wx )dx
I
0
Z l
K
x (wx ).x dx
t wt x dx.

EI
I ,

Using the fact that

=
we have
Z l
t
(t .( wx ) t w.x )dx
0

=
0

K
( wx )2 dx
I

Z
0

b(x)
t .( wx )dx +
I

(t )2 dx

K
[x .wx ]l0 .

Using Youngs inequality we have

Z
Z l
Z l
 l b(x)

I
a6

t .( wx )dx
(b(x)t )2 dx +
( wx )2 dx
I
2a
2I

0
0
0
Therefore,
Z l


t
(t .( wx ) t w.x )dx
Z

0
l

K
a6
( +
)( wx )2 dx +
I
2I

(1 +
0

K

I b2
)(t )2 dx +  [x .wx ]l0 .
2a6

Now, we define the Lyapunov function associated to this problem.

Z l
(Y (t)) =1 (Y (t)) + 2
(t .( wx ) t w.x )dx
0

t w.(k(x)wx d(x)w)dx.

+ 3
0

(3.3)

12

A. SOUFYANE & A. WEHBE

EJDE2003/29

Lemma 3.6. For i (i = 1, 2, 3) sufficiently small and c, h, k, d satisfying

hx (x)
+ c(x) < 0 x ]0, l[\]b0 , b1 [
2
hx (x)
+ c(x) > 0 x ]0, l[
2
kx (x)
+ d(x) > 0 x ]0, l[,
2
the function (Y (t)) satisfies (3.1) and (3.2).

Proof. Note that

Z

(t .( wx ) t w.x )dx

t (Y (t)) =t 1 (Y (t)) + 2 t
0

t w.(k(x)wx d(x)w)dx.

+ 3 t
0

Using the Lemmas 3.3 and 3.4, we obtain

|t (Y (t))|
Z l
I
a1 b2
a2 b2
1

(b(x) 1 hx + 1 I c(x) + 1
+ 1
+
2
2
2
2a3
0
2
2
I b
1 c
+
+ 2 (1 +
))(t )2 dx
2a4
2a6
Z l
(h(x))2
3
EI
hx 1 EIc + 1
+K
(k(x))2 )(x )2 dx
+
(1
2
2a
2a
1
5
0
Z l
Z l
EI
(c(x))2
K
a6
+
(1
cxx + 1
)()2 dx + 2
( +
)( wx )2 dx
2
2a2
I
2I
0
0
Z
Z
Z l
 l
 K l

+ 3 
K(wx ).x (d(x)w)dx + 
(1 h(x)x + 1 c(x))dx.
dx
l 0
0
0
K
EI
K
3
l
2 l
2 l
+ 2 | [x .wx ]0 | + 1
[h.(x ) ]0 +
[k.(wx ) ]0

2
2
Z l
K
a5
+ 3
( kx + K )(wx )2 dx
2
2
0
Z l
3
1 a3 1 a4 2
+
(
kx 3 d(x) + (
+
) )(t w)2 dx .
2
2
2
0
Using Cauchy Shwartzs inequality and Youngs inequality, we obtain
Z
Z
Z l
 l
 Ka7 l
K
2


K(wx ).(d(x)wx )dx
(wx ) dx +
(d(x)wx )2 dx
2
2a7 0
0
0
where a7 > 0,
Z
Z
Z
2
 l
 Ka7 l
Kd c0 l
2


K(wx ).dx wdx
(wx ) dx +
(wx )2 dx
2
2a7
0
0
0
where d = max(dx ),
Z
Z l
K l


(1 h(x)x + 1 c(x))dx.
dx
l 0
0

EJDE2003/29

UNIFORM STABILIZATION FOR THE TIMOSHENKO BEAM

K l 2 1
l 2

(h(x)x )2 dx +

(
0

13

Kl2 1 (2 + c2 (x)) 2
) dx.
2

Then
|t (Y (t))|

I
a1 b2
a2 b2
1
hx + 1 I c(x) + 1
+ 1
+
2
2
2
2a3
0
2
2
1 c
I b
+
+ 2 (1 +
))(t )2 dx
2a4
2a6
Z l
3
EI
(h(x))2
hx 1 EIc + 1
+K
(k(x))2
+
(1
2
2a
2a
1
5
0
l 2 1
Kl2 1 (2 + c2 )
(h(x))2 + c0 (
))(x )2 dx
+K
2l
2
Z l
EI
(c(x))2
+
(1
cxx + 1
)()2 dx
2
2a
2
0
Z l
2 K
2 a6
+
(
+
+ 3 Ka7 )( wx )2 dx
I
2I
0
EI
K
EI
K
+ (2
+ 1
h(l))(x (l))2 + (2
1
h(0))(x (0))2
2
2
2
2
K3
K
K3
K
+
k(l))(wx (l))2 + (2

k(0))(wx (0))2
+ (2
2
2
2
2
Z l
2
K
a5
Kd c0
Kd2
+ 3
( kx + K
+
+
)(wx )2 dx
2
2
2a7
2a7
0
Z l
3
1 a3 1 a4 2
+
(
kx 3 d(x) + (
+
) )(t w)2 dx,
2
2
2
0
Z

(b(x) 1

where c0 is the Poincarre constant and c = max(c(x)) on [0, l], then we choose i
(i = 1, 2, 3) sufficiently small and we choose the constant ai (i = 1 . . . 7) such that
a2 b2
I b2
a1 b2
+ 1
+ 2
< 0,
2
2
2a6
I
1 1 c2
1 hx + 1 I c(x) +
+
+ 2 < 0,
2
2a3
2a4
EI
(h(x))2
3
l 2 1
1
hx (x) 1 EIc(x) + 1
+K
(k(x))2 + K
(h(x))2 < 0,
2
2a1
2a5
2l
2 K
2 a6
3 Ka7

+
+
< 0,
I
2I
2
3
1 a3 1 a4 2

kx 3 d(x) + (
+
) < 0,
2
2
2
2
EI
(c(x))
cxx +
< 0,
2
2a2
b(x) + 1

K
a5
Kd c0
Kd2
kx + K
+
+
< 0,
2
2
2a7
2a7

2 < min(1 EI h(l), 1 EI h(0), 3 k(l), 3 k(0))

K
K

14

A. SOUFYANE & A. WEHBE

EJDE2003/29

Then (Y (t)) satisfies (3.2). The inequality (3.1) follows from the Cauchy Schwartz
inequality. Thus the system is exponentially stable.

Acknowledgements. The authors wish to thank the anonymous referee for his
or her valuable suggestions. A. Soufyane would like to thank Dr. A. Benabdallah
for her help.
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Abdelaziz Soufyane
Math & Comp Sciences department, UAE University, PO Box 17551 Al Ain, UAE
E-mail address: Soufyane.Abdelaziz@uaeu.ac.ae
Ali Wehbe
Universite Libanaise Faculte des Sciences, Section 1, Hadath, Beyrouth, Lebanon
E-mail address:
ali wehbe@yahoo.fr