Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hiller Xroe Rotorcycle PDF
Hiller Xroe Rotorcycle PDF
d
z
+
4
WASHINGTON, D. C.
OCTOBER 1965
SUMMARY
A l i m i t e d f l i g h t t e s t program has been accomplished w i t h a one-man H i l l e r
YROE-1 "Rotorcycle" ( g r o s s wt 2 500 l b ) t o h e l p determine c r i t e r i a f o r t h e
handling q u a l i t i e s i n hover of WOL a i r c r a f t as a f f e c t e d by g r o s s weight.
'Figure
.___-
_ -
2 was s u p p l i e d by t h e H i l l e r A i r c r a f t COT.,
~~
Inc.
1l11l1l1lI1l111111lI I I1 I I
Lateral Characteristic s
Figure 3 shows a p l o t of t h e i n i t i a l a c c e l e r a t i o n i n roll f o r f u l l cont r o l d e f l e c t i o n ( i . e . , c o n t r o l power) and f o r one inch of c o n t r o l t r a v e l ( i . e . ,
s e n s i t i v i t y ) versus g r o s s weight f o r f o u r v e h i c l e s : t h e YROE-1 h e l i c o p t e r
( W = 515 l b ) , t h e X-14A d e f l e c t e d j e t VTOL ( W = 3880 l b , r e f . 3 ) , t h e Hawker
P-1127 d e f l e c t e d j e t VTOL ( W = 12,500 l b ) , and t h e XC-142A t i l t - w i n g VTOL
t r a n s p o r t ( W = 37,500 l b , r e f . 10). Data f o r t h e l a t t e r two were supplied by
t h e manufacturer. P i l o t r a t i n g s f o r t h e v i s u a l hovering t a s k , where a v a i l a b l e ,
a r e shown i n p a r e n t h e s e s next t o t h e d a t a p o i n t s ; f o r t h e YROE-1, t h e r a t i n g s
of t h e p r o j e c t p i l o t only a r e shown. The l a c k of v a r i a t i o n with g r o s s weight
of c o n t r o l power r e q u i r e d t o o b t a i n a s a t i s f a c t o r y (P.R. = 3-1/2) r a t i n g f o r
t h i s important "X" a x i s i s of i n t e r e s t . For t h e YROE-1, t h e p i l o t r a t i n g of
u n s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r s e n s i t i v i t y i n roll (and a l s o i n p i t c h ) w a s given because
Pilot
of t o o l i t t l e s e n s i t i v i t y ( t o o much s t i c k t r a v e l , +7 i n . i n roll).
r a t i n g s f o r s e n s i t i v i t y i n t h e P-1127 and f o r t h e XC-142A a r e not a v a i l a b l e .
Reference 11 w a s used t o d e r i v e a p i l o t r a t i n g f o r t h e s e n s i t i v i t y of t h e
X-14A i n roll; t h e s e n s i t i v i t y shown corresponds t o t h e 3-1/2 boundary f o r
c o n t r o l power.
Figure 4 i s another p l o t showing handling q u a l i t i e s information i n roll,
w i t h some of t h e same d a t a . The " s a t i s f a c t o r y " (P.R. = 3 - l / 2 ) and "acceptable"
(P.R. = 6-1/2)boundaries f o r l a t e r a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s axe shown as determined
with t h e v a r i a b l e s t a b i l i t y X-14A ( r e f . 3 ) . The boundaries are p l o t t e d w i t h
t o t a l c o n t r o l power as t h e a b s c i s s a and r a t e damping ( t h e r e c i p r o c a l of t h e
t i m e c o n s t a n t ) as t h e o r d i n a t e . Superimposed i s a p o i n t showing t h e charact e r i s t i c s of t h e YROE-1 as determined by t h e s u b j e c t t e s t s ; it i s seen t o poss e s s , w i t h a p i l o t r a t i n g of 3, approximately t h e same c o n t r o l power and damping i n roll as w a s r e q u i r e d by t h e X-14A f o r a s a t i s f a c t o r y p i l o t r a t i n g . The
values shown f o r t h e P-1127 correspond t o t h e c o n f i g u r a t i o n flown by a NASA
p i l o t when t h e r a t i n g of 3 - l / 2 w a s assigned. The v a l u e s f o r t h e X C - 1 4 u l are
f o r t h e unaugmented c o n f i g u r a t i o n and a r e e s t i m a t e s only.
Longitudinal C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
Figures 5 and 6 show t h e handling q u a l i t i e s i n p i t c h . It can be seen
of 2-3) p o s s e s s e s much higher values of c o n t r o l
power and damping about t h e Y a x i s t h a n were necessary f o r s a t i s f a c t o r y
This combination
(P.R. = 3-l/2) c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i n t h e X-14A or t h e P-1127.
of c o n t r o l power and damping w a s t o o high t o be evaluated i n t h e X-14A, b u t
it i s s i g n i f i c a n t t h a t t h e p i l o t r a t i n g i n d i c a t e s l i t t l e improvement over t h e
r a t i n g s obtained a t t h e lower l e v e l s of c o n t r o l power and damping along t h e
3.5 boundary of r e f e r e n c e 3. A s i n t h e l a t e r a l case, t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l c o n t r o l
s e n s i t i v i t y w a s r a t e d a t 5 because of t h e l a r g e (+_8i n . ) s t i c k t r a v e l . The
v a l u e s shown f o r t h e XC-142A a r e e s t i m a t e s f o r t h e unaugmented c o n f i g u r a t i o n .
t h a t t h e YROE-1 ( w i t h a P.R.
Directional Characteristics
Because of t h e unusual circumstances involved, no comparison p l o t s a r e
shown f o r t h e d i r e c t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . Too much c o n t r o l power
I 1l1l1l11l1l1l11l11111 I I I I l l l
_.
. ..
PILOT COMMENTS
I n g e n e r a l , t h e r e w a s a tendency t o operate t h i s s m a l l h e l i c o p t e r i n a
much t i g h t e r p a t t e r n t h a n even t h e UH-12E ( t h r e e p l a c e , 2800 l b g r o s s w t )
h e l i c o p t e r . T r a n s i t i o n s t o and from a hover were easily done a t high rates
and t h e s m a l l s i z e of t h e h e l i c o p t e r minimized t h e judgment needed t o keep a
s a f e d i s t a n c e from o b s t a c l e s .
Operating and observing t h i s small h e l i c o p t e r
f l y i n confined areas i n d i c a t e s t h a t it w a s being flown d i f f e r e n t l y t h a n a
h e l i c o p t e r of even 2 8 0 0 - p o ~ dg r o s s weight. Turns and t r a n s i t i o n s t o and from
hover were done much quicker t h a n i s normally done w i t h t h e l a r g e r h e l i c o p t e r s .
The c y c l i c - c o n t r o l power and rate damping d i d not l i m i t t h e maneuverability of
t h e YROE-1 i n and about t h e v i s u a l hover condition. The high yaw c o n t r o l sens i t i v i t y r e q u i r e d more t h a n normal p i l o t a t t e n t i o n and c o n s i d e r a b l e familiari z a t i o n time.
CONCLUDING REMEiRKs
The m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t d a t a obtained i s t h a t r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e l a t e r a l
c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . This i n d i c a t e s t h a t approximately t h e same l a t e r a l c o n t r o l
power i s r e q u i r e d f o r t h i s v e h i c l e as f o r t h o s e of much h i g h e r g r o s s weights
t o achieve a s a t i s f a c t o r y p i l o t r a t i n g . The i n d i c a t i o n would seem t o be t h a t
minimum c o n t r o l power requirements should be based p r i m a r i l y on t h e t a s k t o be
performed r a t h e r t h a n on t h e g r o s s weight o r s i z e , as such.
The d a t a obtained about t h e o t h e r two axes i s l e s s conclusive. Appare n t l y , t h e high c o n t r o l power a v a i l a b l e l o n g i t u d i n a l l y i s i n e f f e c t i v e because
of t h e l a r g e s t i c k movements necessary w i t h consequent low s e n s i t i v i t y .
D i r e c t i o n a l l y , t h e low c o n t r o l power i n t h e d i r e c t i o n opposing r o t o r torque
and high c o n t r o l power i n t h e opposite d i r e c t i o n , combined w i t h extremely high
c o n t r o l s e n s i t i v i t y , a r e e s s e n t i a l l y p e c u l i a r t o t h i s v e h i c l e and make t h e
r e s u l t s i n a p p l i c a b l e i n any g e n e r a l sense.
REFERENCES
1. Anderson, S e t h B.:
V/STOL A i r c r a f t .
An Examination of Handling Q u a l i t i e s C r i t e r i a f o r
NASA TN D-331, 1960.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Anon.:
A i r c r a f t and Engine Performance and S t a b i l i t y and Control T r i a l s
of t h e Model YROE-1 Rotorcycle. Rep. 1, P r o j e c t TED PTR F&-42102.2,
FT 23-390, Naval A i r Test Center, Patuxent River, Md. , Oct. 13, 1960.
8.
Creer, Brent Y.; Stewart, John D.; Merrick, Robert B.; and Drinkwater,
Fred J., 111: A P i l o t Opinion Study of L a t e r a l Control Requirements
f o r Fighter-Type A i r c r a f t , Appen. A. NASA MEMO 1-29-59A, 1959.
9.
Cooper, George E . :
Engr. Rev., v o l .
Aero.
Control power,
-radians/sec2
A/C
Mode
Damping,
-1/T = l / s e c
Flight
AGARD
test
value ' ( r e f . 2)
1.7
Sensitivity,
-radians/secZ/in.
-L
^_^^
I
'
Flight
value
value
3.9
0.24
2.0
YROE-1
Longitudinal/
(-Pitch)
'
2.4
1.3
4 '
,
4
Directional
.6
i2-1/2
( - I z~ 80)
.11
-25
X-14A
(minimal
s a t i s f a c t o r y)
E
( t o o low]
(3-1/2)
t o r que
1
'
--
X- 1 4 A
I
.25
( -Yaw)
'
spec.
( r e f . 2)
'e
(-In'? 1170)
satisfactory)
'ens'tivity
power
YROE- 1
T
, Control
high)
-5
.7
1.0
2.4
("Izz 3 2920)
.17
.23
(3-1/2)
(n.a.>
~~~
rating
rating
Unsatisfactory
operat i o n
No
operation
?ailwe
I
I
I.
1Unsatisfactory
'
8
9
of a s t a b i l i t y augmenter
Description
E x c e l l e n t , i n c l u d e s optimum
Good, p l e a s a n t t o f l y
S a t i s f a c t o r y , b u t w i t h some m i l d l y
unpleasant c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
Acceptable, b u t w i t h unpleasant
characteristics
Unacceptable f o r normal o p e r a t i o n
Acceptable f o r emergency c o n d i t i o n
only*
Unacceptable even f o r emergency
condition*
Unacceptable - dangerous
Unacceptable- unc o n t r o l l a bl e
Primary
mission
a cc omp 1ished
Can b e
landed
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Doubtful
Yes
Yes
Doubtful
Yes
Yes
A-31028
@ Full deflection
(- Total control power)
I
I
One inch
( w Control sensitivity)
i-
i
ti
i
IROE-I
1 ~ x - 1 4 ~
P.R.- 4
RR .N 5
(Too low)
Io2
8 IO3
8 lo4
Gross weight, W, Ib
Figure 3
P
P
8 1
-4
-3
-2
-I
Lateral
Figure
12
2
control
3
power,
6,
radians/sec
I
I
I
E One inch
(u
0
a,
UJ
>
C
(-Control
sensitivity)
0 Full deflection
(- Total control power)
:8
C
.-0
.
I
-
Ea,
FYROE-I'
Z3 P.R.-
(Too low)
I
IO2
IO3
8 IO'
Gross weight, W , Ib
Figure
5.-
Longitudinal c o n t r o l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ( - v i s u a l hovering t a s k ) .
8 1
- 2.4
I
fROE-I
I
I
(P.R.m 2 - 3 ) -
- 2.0
- 1.6
- 1.2
m P-1127 ( P . R . - 3 2 )
U7
(Est. d a m p i n g ) I
- X-14A
I
(Ref. 3 )
I
Unaug.
@ XC-142A (Est.)
.4
Longitudinal
(P.R.I..
4)
I.2
.8
control
..
power,
8,
2.o
I .6
radians/sec
14
NASA-Langley, 1965
A-857
ACT OF
1958
D.C. PO546