LOGIC GATES LAB

REPORT
By: Brenen Thayaparan

452600
TEJ3M0: Computer Technology
Louise Arbour Secondary School
Mr. Lowe
Monday May 12, 2014

Table Of Contents

Title Page

1
Table of Contents

. 2
Purpose ............

.. 3
Aim

.. 3
Introduction

.. 3
Materials

. 3
Procedure

4 - 5
Observations

. 6 - 8
Discussion/ Conclusion

. 9

Purpose:

To investigate the each individual operations of Logic Gates.

Aim for each of the following labs:

6. To investigate the operation of an AND gate.
7. To investigate the operation of an OR gate.
8. To investigate the operation of a logic inverter (NOT gate).
9. To investigate the operation of a NAND gate.
10. To investigate the operation of a NOR gate.
11. To investigate the operation of an Exclusive OR gate.

Introduction:
The objective for conducting these experiments, is to see how the operation of Logic Gates work.
Furthermore, in order to see how these different logic gates work, they will be used in separate
circuits and have their own truth tables, so that it is easier to tell how they differ from each other,
and how they would work.

Materials:

1 - 470 ohm Resistor

1 - LED
1 - 7408 Logic Gate (AND Gate)
1 - 7432 Logic Gate (OR Gate)
1 - 7404 Logic Gate (Inverter)
1 7400 Logic Gate (Nand Gate)
1 7402 Logic Gate (NOR Gate)
1 7486 Logic Gate (Exclusive OR Gate)
7 wires
1 Battery
1 SK- 50 breadboarding socket
Wire stripper tool
Needle Nose plier
Paper and writing utensil
Power Supply

Procedure:
1. Gather all the required materials needed in order to conduct the labs
2. Cut the jumper wires by using wire stripper to cut the lengths you need the wires to be.
3. Use the needle nose plier to ply off any unwanted coating of the jumper wire on both
ends (when doing this, keep in mind that you need both ends of the wire, to reach the
bottom of the breadboard in order for the wire to make connections between pins in the
breadboarding socket).
4. Follow the diagrams and procedures on each lab sheet from Labs 6-11 in order to
assemble the circuits.
5. Verify if the resistor being used, is a 470 ohm resistor, by following this order:
0 - Black
1 Brown
2 Red
3 Orange
4 Yellow
5 Green
6 Blue
7 Violet
8 Grey
9 White
(According to the above list, a 470 ohm resistor, must have the following colours: Yellow, Violet,
and Brown in that precise order. Just remember that the third colours value, is the amount of
zeroes the resistor will have, which in this case would be one zero.)
6. Make sure the positive end (the longer end) of the LED being used, is in the slot directly
under the right end of the resistor in the breadboarding circuit.
7. Check if pin 7 of each logic gate for each lab, is grounded. Basically, have a jumper wire
connected to the slot directly under pin 7 of the gate being used, to the negative slot
vertically below it which would basically be at the bottom portion of the breadboarding
socket.
8. Now check if pin 14 of each logic gate for each lab, is connected to the input. Basically,
have a jumper wire connected to the slot directly above pin 14 of the gate being used, to
the positive slot vertically above it which would basically be at the top portion of the
breadboarding socket.
9. When the assembling of the circuit created on the breadboard is complete, the next step is
too connect the breadboard socket to the power supply via jumper wires. (Connect a

jumper wire to any positive slot on the power supply to a positive slot on the breadboard
circuit, and do the same thing with another jumper wire, except this time, connect them to
the negative slots).
10. Switch the inputs A and B which would be located vertically under within the first 3 pins
of each Logic Gate, to low and high (0 0, 0 1, 1 0, 1 1), to see how it effects the output
results.
11. Record Your Observations and create a Truth Table to record how the different inputs
effect the outputs.
12. Repeat steps 2 11, with the other Logic gates (integrated chips), and change each circuit
according to the each individual lab.

Observations:

Truth Tables
1= On = High
0 = Off = Low
Lab 6 Gate:

Lab # / Name
Lab 6
(AND Gate)

Input A
0
0
1
1

Input B
0
1
0
1

Output (LED)
0
0
0
1

Input B
0
1
0
1

Output (LED)
0
1
1
1

Lab 7 Gate:

Lab # / Name
Lab 7
(OR Gate)

Input A
0
0
1
1

Lab 8 Gate:

Lab # / Name

Input A

Input B

Output (LED)

Lab 8
Inverters
(NOT Gate)

Input B
0
1
0
1

Output (LED)
1
1
1
0

Lab 9 Gate:

Lab # / Name
Lab 9
(NAND Gate)

Input A
0
0
1
1

Lab 10 Gate:

Lab # / Name
Lab 10
(NOR Gate)

Input A
0
0
1
1

Input B
0
1
0
1

Output (LED)
1
0
0
0

Input A
0
0

Input B
0
1

Output (LED)
0
1

1
1

0
1

1
0

Lab 11 Gate:

Lab # / Name
Lab 11
(Exclusive OR Gate)
(XOR)

Discussion and Conclusion:

Based off the truth tables shown in the observations, each truth table shows how unique
each gate is. Furthermore, the different gates work in their own ways. For instance, an AND
Gate requires both inputs to be 1 in order for the circuit to function, hence AND Gate. An
OR Gate works in the opposite way of an AND Gate. In order for an OR Gate to make the
circuit work, it at least needs one of the inputs to have a 1 value hence OR Gate. The third
gate used in Lab 8 is called the NOT Gate which is also known as an Inverter. All it does, is
give an output that is opposite to its inputs making the gate the simplest one to use out of the rest
of the gates. Next up is the NAND Gate, which simply does the opposite of an AND Gate.
The NOR Gate is also kind of like a NAND Gate except it gives outputs that are opposite to
the outputs of an OR Gate. Last but not least is the Exclusive OR Gate. Simply put, in a
circuit both values have to be different in order for the circuit it is used in to work. Furthermore,
if both inputs are the same, the output will be a 0 and the circuit will not work. In conclusion,
each gate has their own unique way to make a circuit work.