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11) Ratios are only useful for large firms where their ratios may be compared with industry
averages.
Answer: FALSE
12) One of the most important categories of financial ratios are the liquidity ratios.
Answer: TRUE
13) An important liquidity ratio is Earnings per Share (EPS).
Answer: FALSE
14) Key liquidity ratios include the current ratio, quick ratio, and cash ratio.
Answer: TRUE
15) The debt to asset ratio measures the extent to which borrowed funds have been used to
finance the company's assets.
Answer: TRUE
16) In case analysis, it is best to make an exhibit that includes all the financial ratios.
Answer: FALSE
17) When conducting a financial analysis, select and discuss those financial ratios that have an
impact on the company's problems.
Answer: TRUE
18) A typical financial analysis would compare the firm under study with industry standards.
Answer: TRUE
19) A typical financial analysis of a firm would include a study of the operating statements for
five or so years.
Answer: TRUE
20) Common-size statements are income statements and balance sheets in which the dollar
figures have been converted into percentages.
Answer: TRUE
21) If a firm's trends in common-size statements are generally in line with those of the rest of the
industry, problems are less likely than if the firm's trends are worse than the industry average.
Answer: TRUE
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22) If the corporation being studied appears to be in poor financial condition, use Altman's
Bankruptcy Formula to calculate its Z-value.
Answer: TRUE
23) The X-value formula combines five ratios by weighting them according to their importance
to a corporation's financial strength.
Answer: FALSE
24) A Z-value below 10 indicates significant credit problems.
Answer: FALSE
25) The index of sustainable growth indicates how much of the growth rate of sales can be
sustained by internally generated funds.
Answer: TRUE
26) One way to adjust for inflation for global operations outside the United States is to use the
Consumer Price Index (CPI).
Answer: FALSE
27) Constant dollars are dollars adjusted for inflation to make them comparable over various
years.
Answer: TRUE
28) The public interest rate is the rate of interest banks charge on their lowest risk loans.
Answer: FALSE
29) The gross domestic product (GDP) is used worldwide and measures the total output of goods
and services within a country's borders.
Answer: TRUE
30) The amount of change from one year to the next in GDP indicates how much that country's
economy is growing.
Answer: TRUE
31) In case analysis, how the company actually dealt with the case problem is the most important
part of the solution.
Answer: FALSE
32) According to Schilit, the search for hidden weaknesses in a company's performance is known
as
A) a strategic audit.
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B) a SWOT analysis.
C) forensic accounting.
D) activity based accounting.
E) competitive analysis.
33) Which of the following is a red flag according to Schilit?
A) cash flow from operations drops below net income
B) accounts receivable growing faster than sales
C) fluctuating gross margins over time
D) nepotism on the board of directors
E) all of the above
34) What has been the most popular method of teaching strategy and policy for years?
A) case analysis
B) lecture
C) team teaching
D) group presentations
E) student teaching
35) What is the main purpose of conducting outside research into the environmental setting of
the case?
A) It allows students to identify how the company addressed the problem.
B) It provides a learning experience on library usage which is helpful in all courses.
C) It gives a realistic background of the industry during a specified period.
D) It gives you clues as to what the organization should be doing in the future.
E) It furnishes large amounts of data - both pertinent and extraneous.
36) According to the text, what information can be obtained by accessing the SEC website?
A) corporate annual reports and 10-k forms
B) press releases
C) product specifications
D) research and development trends
E) information about graduate school
37) Among the most useful and important documents that can be used to understand why actions
were taken are
A) news releases.
B) product specification reports.
C) its corporate history.
D) annual reports.
E) 10-Q forms.
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B) return on equity
C) gross profit margin
D) net profit margin
E) earnings per share
49) Which financial ratio shows the after-tax earnings generated for each share of common
stock?
A) return on investment
B) return on equity
C) earnings per share
D) gross profit margin
E) net profit margin
50) Which financial ratio shows the return on all of the assets under its control regardless of
source of financing?
A) return on investment
B) return on equity
C) earnings per share
D) gross profit margin
E) net profit margin
51) Which financial ratio measures the number of times that average inventory of finished goods
was turned over or sold during a period of time?
A) days of inventory
B) asset turnover
C) inventory turnover
D) fixed asset turnover
E) average collection period
52) Which of the following financial ratios is not a profitability ratio?
A) net profit margin
B) gross profit margin
C) asset turnover
D) ROE
E) ROI
53) Which financial indicator measures the number of one day's worth of inventory that a
company has on hand at any given time?
A) days of cash
B) days of inventory
C) average collection period
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B) acid test.
C) EPS.
D) asset turnover.
E) key activity ratio.
60) All of the following ratios represent activity ratios EXCEPT
A) accounts payable period.
B) days of inventory.
C) net working capital turnover.
D) earnings per share.
E) days of cash.
61) Which financial ratio measures the utilization of all of the company's assets?
A) days of inventory
B) asset turnover
C) inventory turnover
D) fixed asset turnover
E) average collection period
62) Which financial ratio indicates the number of days of cash on hand, at present sales levels?
A) days of inventory
B) fixed asset turnover
C) days of cash
D) average collection period
E) inventory turnover
63) Which financial ratio measures the utilization of plant and equipment?
A) days of inventory
B) asset turnover
C) average collection period
D) fixed asset turnover
E) inventory turnover
64) Which financial indicator measures the ratio of sales to fixed assets?
A) days of inventory
B) asset turnover
C) average collection period
D) fixed asset turnover
E) inventory turnover
65) Which financial indicator is calculated as the ratio of annual credit sales to accounts
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receivable?
A) days of cash
B) average collection period
C) accounts receivable turnover
D) inventory turnover
E) net working capital turnover
66) "Times interest earned" is an example of a(n)
A) leverage ratio.
B) liquidity ratio
C) activity ratio.
D) asset management ratio.
E) profitability ratio.
67) Which financial ratio measures the extent to which borrowed funds have been used to
finance the company's assets?
A) debt to asset ratio
B) debt to equity ratio
C) long-term debt to capital structure
D) times interest earned
E) current liabilities to equity
68) Which financial ratio indicates the ability of the company to meet its annual interest costs?
A) debt to asset ratio
B) debt to equity ratio
C) times interest earned
D) long-term debt to capital structure
E) coverage of fixed charges.
69) Which financial ratio is a measure of the ability of the company to meet all of its fixedcharge obligations?
A) debt to asset ratio
B) debt to equity ratio
C) times interest earned
D) long-term debt to capital structure
E) coverage of fixed charges
70) All of the following ratios reflect leverage ratios EXCEPT
A) debt to asset ratio.
B) times interest earned.
C) coverage of fixed charges.
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D) price/earnings ratio.
E) debt to equity ratio.
71) Which financial indicator shows the current market's evaluation of a stock, based on its
earnings?
A) debt to asset ratio
B) price/earnings ratio
C) coverage of fixed charges
D) debt to equity ratio
E) times interest earned
72) Inventory turnover and asset turnover are both examples of which type of financial ratio?
A) liquidity ratio
B) profitability ratio
C) activity ratio
D) leverage ratio
E) revenue ratio
73) Fixed asset turnover is what type of financial ratio?
A) liquidity ratio
B) profitability ratio
C) activity ratio
D) leverage ratio
E) revenue ratio
74) Which two basic statements provide most of the financial data needed for analysis?
A) statement of retained earnings and income statement
B) sources and uses of working capital and the balance sheet
C) non-operating gains and losses and statement of financial position
D) historical income statement and balance sheet
E) statement of financial position and statement of owner's equity
75) Which financial indicator is calculated by the ratio of market price per share to earnings per
share?
A) return on investment
B) price/earnings ratio
C) return on equity
D) dividend yield on common stock
E) dividend payout ratio
76) Which financial indicator is calculated by the ratio of annual dividends per share to annual
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C) common-size statements.
D) constant dollar denominations.
E) equivalency comparison.
82) To get a proper picture of the position of the organization, common-size statements and ratios
should be compared to
A) the organization's future historical performance.
B) the leading competitor in the industry.
C) the financial performance of the overall U.S. gross domestic production (GDP).
D) the direct competitor least like the organization.
E) industry-wide average trends.
83) The formula which predicts the likelihood of a corporation going bankrupt is called
A) the return on investment.
B) the CAPM.
C) the index of sustainable growth.
D) operating cash flow.
E) the Z-value.
84) The Z-value uses ________ ratios and weights them according to their importance to a
corporation's financial strength.
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6
85) All of the following ratios are used in the calculation of a company's Z-value EXCEPT
A) working capital/total assets.
B) retained earnings/total assets.
C) current assets/current liabilities.
D) market value of equity/total liabilities.
E) sales/total assets.
86) At what Z-value level is a firm considered healthy?
A) below 1.81
B) above 100
C) greater than 5.0
D) between 6.0 and 10.0
E) above 3.0
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A) CPI
B) Prime interest rate
C) GDP
D) Z-Value
E) The Index of sustainable growth
93) Which of the following is NOT true of case analysis?
A) Case discussion focuses on critical analysis.
B) A solution is satisfactory if it resolves important problems and if it is likely to be implemented
successfully.
C) Case analysis helps build analytic and decision-making skills.
D) A solution is satisfactory if it reflects what the company actually did.
E) Case discussion focuses on logical development of thought.
94) List Schilit's short checklist of items to examine for red flags.
Answer:
Schilit proposes a checklist of items to examine for red flags:
Cash flow from operations should exceed net income.
Accounts receivable should not grow faster than sales.
Gross margins should not fluctuate over time.
Examine carefully information about top management and the board.
Read the footnotes.
95) What ratios are recommended for financial ratio analysis?
Answer:
Some of the most important financial ratios recommended are liquidity ratios, profitability
ratios, activity ratios, and leverage ratios. A review of key financial ratios can help to
assess a company's overall situation and pinpoint some problem areas. It is important to
compare a company's ratios with industry averages and to calculate only those ratios that
are appropriate for the company.
96) What are constant dollars and why are they important?
Answer: Constant dollars are dollars adjusted for inflation to make them comparable over
various years. One way to adjust for inflation in the US is to use the Consumer Price
Index. Adjusting for inflation is especially important for companies operating in the
emerging economies, like China and Russia.
Common-size statements are income statements and balance sheets in which the dollar
figures have been converted into percentages. These statements are used to identify trends
in each of the categories. To get a proper picture, however, you need to make comparisons
with industry data, if available, to see whether fluctuations are merely reflecting industrywide trends. Common size statements are especially helpful in developing scenarios and
pro forma statements because they provide a series of historical relationships from which
you can estimate the future with your scenario assumptions for each year.
99) What are constant dollars and why are they important?
Answer: Constant dollars are dollars adjusted for inflation to make them comparable over
various years. One way to adjust for inflation in the US is to use the Consumer Price
Index. Adjusting for inflation is especially important for companies operating in the
emerging economies, like China and Russia.
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